beacon location service a location service for point-to-point routing in wireless sensor networks
DESCRIPTION
Jorge Ortiz, Chris R. Baker, Daekyeong Moon, Rodrigo Fonseca, and Ion Stoica. EECS Department University of California, Berkeley. Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. What's Missing in Point-to-point Routing for Sensornets?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Beacon Location ServiceA Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in
Wireless Sensor Networks
EECS DepartmentUniversity of California, Berkeley
Jorge Ortiz, Chris R. Baker, Daekyeong Moon, Rodrigo Fonseca, and Ion Stoica
![Page 2: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
What's Missing in Point-to-point Routing for Sensornets?
Address space derived from network topologyRouting performed over address space
Application wants to route over name spaceNames do not change
Location Service maps names to addresses
![Page 3: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Point-to-point routing classes
These need a location service!
Geographic coordinates GPSR, GOAFR+
Virtual coordinates No-Geo, GEM, BVR, S4
Hierarchical Landmark
Shortest path based (flood path-discovery) AODV, DSDV
DHT-based VRR
![Page 4: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Location Service Requirements Provide a mechanism that closes the loop for
point-to-point routing schemes
Added location service traffic should not overload
the network Point-to-point schemes usually have some amount of
maintenance traffic
Maintain a high overall routing success rate from the
point of view of the application
![Page 5: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
BLS Design Assumptions
Dynamic, topologically derived addresses Each node has a unique name There exists a set of anchor nodes (beacons)
that all nodes in the network know how to route toThese nodes are used as the location
servers
![Page 6: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
BLS Basic Design
Single rendezvous point
Distributed set of lookup servers
BA
LS
Publish(B, addr(B))
Send(addr(A),addr(B),data)
Reply(addr(B))
Query(B)
B | addr(B)
![Page 7: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
BLS Implementation Uses Beacon Vector Routing [Fonseca et al,
NSDI '05] as underlying routing layerBeacons used as location servers
Hash-based rendezvous with global hash functionSame hash function used to publish and query
TinyOS implementation~2.3K memory footprint (BLS)~3500 lines of Code (BVR + BLS)
![Page 8: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
BLS Example
2
3
1
1
2
3
4 56
7
8
9
1011
hash(1)=3
hash(10)=1
hash(6)=2
hash(11)=3
hash(3)=1
hash(9)=3hash(7)=1
hash(4)=2
beacon1
beacon2
beacon3Query(addr(1), addr(8), 9)
hash(9)=3
Reply(addr(8),addr(1),addr(9))Send(addr(1),addr(9),data)
9 | addr(9)
3 | addr(3)7 | addr(7)10 | addr(10)
1 | addr(1)9 | addr(9)11 | addr(11)
2 | addr(2)6 | addr(6)12 | addr(12)
12
hash(12)=2
![Page 9: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Overview Problem statement and motivation BLS Design: Assumptions and Choices Implementation decisions and example Evaluation
Metrics Simulation
Parameter tuning and results
Testbed Overall Performance Comparison Study: TinyAODV and VRR
Conclusion
![Page 10: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Evaluation Metrics
Routing success rateLocation service (query and reply)
Total (query and reply and data)
Minimize message overhead on the
network
Minimize query + reply hopcount
distribution
![Page 11: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Evaluation Simulation
Scale, Parameter Tuning, different topologies
Up to 400 nodes
Random beacon placement
Testbed
Real environment, verify simulation results
Berkeley sMote testbed: 35 mica2dots, 3-4 hop
diameter
Beacons chosen a priori
![Page 12: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Testbed Topology and Location Server Selection
![Page 13: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Experimental Setup
BVR Warm-up phase (wait for >90% routing success)
Local cache disabled
No misses at beacon cache
![Page 14: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Naïve Implementation Results Poor scalability: 200 nodes and 8 beacons yield low
success rate
High success rate with BVR alone for similar setups
Conjecture: Beacons overloaded
Added beacons: 200 nodes and up to 32 beacons
Results remained poor
Logs indicated overall congestion in both cases
Set out to reduce lookup traffic
Aggressive in-network caching
![Page 15: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Eavesdropping Example
2
3
1
1
2
3
4 56
7
8
9
1011
beacon1
beacon2
beacon3Query(addr(1), addr(8), 9)
hash(9)=3
Reply(addr(8),addr(1),addr(9))Send(addr(1),addr(9),data)
9 | addr(9)
3 | addr(3)7 | addr(7)10 | addr(10)
1 | addr(1)9 | addr(9)11 | addr(11)
2 | addr(2)6 | addr(6)12 | addr(12)
12
hash(12)=2
9 | addr(9)
9 | addr(9)
9 | addr(9)
hash(9)=3
Query + Reply
9 | addr(9)
Send(addr(3),addr(9),data)
![Page 16: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Eavesdropping Improves Performance and Scalability
Original With Eavesdropping
16.4
![Page 17: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Eavesdropping Reduces Message Overhead (TOSSIM Results)
16.4% Average MsgReduction
26.8% Average MsgReduction
35 Nodes 100 Nodes
![Page 18: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
BLS Success Rate (Testbed)
![Page 19: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
BLS Hopcount Distribution
(Testbed)Query Reply
Data
![Page 20: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
BLS/BVR vs TinyAODV Comparison Experimental Setup
AODV part of ZigBee standard
Bounded destination set size at 7 to prevent
cache-entry replacement
Vary the number of senders [1, 5, 15, 28]
First request to send to a destination node
invokes path-discovery process (flooding)
![Page 21: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
BLS/BVR Outperforms TinyAODV
BLS TinyAODV
![Page 22: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
BLS/BVR vs VRR Experimental Setup
Virtual Ring Routing [Caesar et al, SIGCOMM '06]Routes directly to names
Route data packet from random source to
random destination
Varying send rates
![Page 23: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
BLS/BVR Performance Comparable to VRR
Hopcount distribution for simulated cache hit rates
Amortized send cost decreases with increased cache hit rate
![Page 24: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Conclusion A subset of point-to-point routing schemes need a
location service
Simple design yields comparable performance to
state-of-the-art point-to-point routing schemes
BLS can be used over various beacon-based
routing schemes
Code available soon
![Page 26: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
BLS Hopcount Distribution (Testbed)
![Page 27: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Summary of Message Overhead with Eavesdropping
TOSSIM: 16.4% reduction in message overhead for 35 nodes
TOSSIM: 26.8% reduction in message overhead
for 100 nodes
Testbed (35 motes): 11% reduction in message
overhead per node
![Page 28: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
DHT Application Successfully Written over BLS/BVR
99% success rate for application send requests
![Page 29: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Eavesdrop Reduces Message Overhead (Testbed Results)
![Page 30: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Future work
Caching and Workloads
Mobility and churn
BLS over various beacon-based routing
schemes
More optimizations
![Page 31: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Extra
BLS and BVR - ~3500 lines of code
BLS and BVR ~3700 bytes of RAM
LRU cache replacement
![Page 32: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
New Title
Management and control of specific nodes (i.e. network health monitoring)
Data Centric Storage Pursuer-Evader application Derived from the topology
![Page 33: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Experimental Setup (TOSSIM)
Local cache lookup turned off (each send request invokes the BLS lookup process)
Beacon cache size set to large enough to fit all
registered nodes
Warm-up necessary for BVR establishment (link
estimator, neighbor selection, coordinate setup)
>=90% BVR routing success before BLS experiments
started
Beacons randomly placed in TOSSIM simulations
![Page 34: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Experimental setup (Testbed)
BVR Warmup period
>= 90% BVR routing success rate
UC Berkeley sMote testbed – 35 mica2dots
Network diameter between 3 and 4 hops
Beacons chosen a priori
![Page 35: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Eavesdropping message overhead
35 Nodes
Testbed Results
TOSSIM
100 Nodes
![Page 36: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Naïve Implementation Results Results obtained in
TOSSIM
Paths to beacons
congested
Added Beacons to
spread load
Eavesdropping
implemented
![Page 37: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Tuned Parameters
![Page 38: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Overview
Point-to-point routing motivation Location service assumptions and design BLS design and implementation Experimental results Conclusion and questions
![Page 39: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Overview
Point-to-point routing motivation Location service assumptions and design BLS design and implementation Experimental results Conclusion and questions
![Page 40: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Overview
Point-to-point routing motivation Location service assumptions and design BLS design and implementation Experimental results Conclusion and questions
![Page 41: Beacon Location Service A Location Service for Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051020/56815c2b550346895dca02b9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Overview
Point-to-point routing motivation Location service assumptions and design BLS design and implementation Experimental results Conclusion and questions