battalion 405

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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department

Risk Benefit Analysis

Go or No Go

You Make The Call!



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10 Rules of Engagement for Structural Fire Fighting

Acceptability of Risk

1. No building or property is worth the life of a firefighter.

2. All interior fire fighting involves an inherent risk.

3. Some risk is acceptable, in a measured and controlled manner.

4. No level of risk is acceptable where there is no potential to save lives or savable property.

5. Fire fighters shall not be committed to interior offensive fire fighting operations in abandoned or derelictbuildings

Risk Assessment

1. All feasible measures shall be taken to limit or avoid risks through risk assessment by a qualified officer.

2. It is the responsibility of the incident commander to evaluate the level of risk in every situation.

3. Risk assessment is a continuous process for the entire duration of each incident.

4. If conditions change, and risk increases, change strategy and tactics.

5. No building or property is worth the life of a fire fighter.

10 Rules of Engagementfor Structural Fire Fighting



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Risk Assessment/Rules of Engagement

Fire Fighter Injury/LifeSafety Risk

High Probability ofSuccess

Marginal Probability ofSuccess

Low Probability ofSuccess

Low RiskInitiate Offensive

operations. Continue tomonitor risk factors

Initiate Offensiveoperations. Continue to

monitor risk factors

Initiate Offensiveoperations. Continue to

monitor risk factors

Medium Risk

Initiate offensiveoperations. Continue to

monitor risk factors.Employ all available risk

control operations

Initiate offensiveoperations. Continue tomonitor risk factors. Be

prepared to go defensiveif risk increases

Do not initiate offensiveoperations. Reduce risk

to fire fighters andactively pursue riskcontrol operations

High Risk

Initiate offensiveoperations only with

confirmation of realisticpotential to saveendangered lives.

Do not initiate offensiveoperations that will putfire fighters at risk for

injury or fatality

Initiate defensiveoperations only


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RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS

At a minimum the risk analysis for astructure fire shall consider:

Building Characteristics

Construction type and size

Structural condition

Occupancy and contents



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Fire Factors

Location and extent of the fire

Estimated time of involvement

What are smoke conditions telling us

Risk to Building Occupants

Known or probable occupants

Occupant survival assessment

Firefighting Capabilities

Available resources

Operational capabilities and limitations



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Everyone is familiar with the saying-there is afine line between aggressiveness andrecklessness.

This is the gray area ofrisk management

decision making that ALL of us are responsiblefor.

Some risks we can avoid some risks we canpass off to other agencies, and some we have to

face. We do work in a dangerous profession, but onethat demands effective management of risk.



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Aggressiveness is a relative term and each ofus has a different tolerance level.

Over aggressiveness is not a reflection of

manhood, machismo, professionalism,bravery or courage.

Controlled and managed aggression; inconcert with proper incident analysis and risk

managementdecision making by each of you,is a direct reflection of your dedication,professionalism, and determination to do agood job.




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The FRD is in theprocess of developinga template forconducting a RiskBenefit Analysis.

These are considerationsall personnel shouldutilize for training andreview.


When conducting a Risk Benefit

Analysis you MUST consider and answer the following

questions:

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICSo What is the construction type and the approximate size?o What is the condition of the structure?

Occupied or vacant?o What is the occupancy type?

What are the contents of the structure?o What is the interior fire spread problem?o What is the exterior fire spread problem?o What additional resources may be needed?o What are the exposures and do they present a problem?

FIRE FACTORSo What is the location and extent of the fire?o How long has it been burning?

Estimated time of involvemento What are the smoke conditions telling you?o Where will the fire be in 510 minutes if your not making

any progress

RISK TO BUILDING OCCUPANTSo Are there known or probable occupants?

Where are the people? How do we get them? How do we protect them? Are you doing a blind or focused search?

o Whats your occupant survival assessment?o What is the primary life hazard location?o What is the time of day for this event?

Early morning, mid-afternoon or night? FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITIES

o What are your available resources? What units are on the scene? What activities are completed and what are underway? What units are en-route?

Are they the normal units or has it changed?o Where is the first attack line going too deployed?o Where the second or back-up line should be deployed?o What are your operational capabilities and limitations? o What additional resources may be needed?o Are there any safety concerns?


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Two-In, Two-Out

What

does itmean toYou?


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Two-In, Two-Out

The term two-in, two-out refers toincident scene operations where theminimum numberof firefighters (two) may

enter an IDLH while a minimum number offirefighters (two) remain outside the IDLHarea as thestandby teamto monitor the

activity of the interior crew and effectrescue if necessary.



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Two-In, Two-Out

This minimumnumber appliesduring the initialstages of operations

and may beincreased, but neverdecreased, unless

justifiedby the unitofficer in charge (OIC)based on aknownorperceivedlife hazard.


Everyoneis out of

thehouse!

Are you going to do a blind search?


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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue DepartmentFairfax County Fire and Rescue Department

It is imperative that all firefighters operating within anyhazardous area always operate in teams of two or moreto maintain constant communication with each teammember through:

Visual

Audible

Physical

Safety device Maintain close proximity to each other to provide

assistance in case of an emergency.

Two-In, Two-Out


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Two-In, Two-Out

Officers must apply effective size upskillsbefore committing a crew with lessthen four members on-scene.

Ifindicators of life hazardare present,rescue and support functions may beinitiated.



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Go or No-Go, You Make The Call!


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Go or No-Go,

You Make the Call!

What you need to do:

Identify the construction features of the building thatwill help to increase or decrease fire spread.

List any construction features that may impact thesafety of crews operating in or around the building.

Identify size-up information.

What does the situation tell you?

What is theBenefitto be gained by taking theRisk?

Is this a Go or No Go situation?



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You Make The Call!

Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.

List any construction features

that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.

Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?

What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?

Is this a Go or No Gosituation?



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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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You Make The Call!









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We should never take short cuts becausewe feel it is a nothing call. If we habitually

lay out supply lines, pull attack lines, wear

our PPE properly, carry all the tools, chockthe doors open, ladder the windows forfirefighter egress, then we will not be

caught by surprise if the situationdeteriorates.



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Complacencykillsfirefighters!

When we let our guard down weallow the situation to control us.



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Where do we fail on the emergency scene?

Lack of strong and visible command.

Failure to control the actions at the scene.

Failure to coordinate the use of resources. Breakdown in the communications process.

These are all contributing factors to a line of dutydeath!



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Dont Become a Statistic

battalion 405

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