basics of bio mechanics nsr

8/6/2019 Basics of Bio Mechanics Nsr

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basics-of-bio-mechanics-nsr 1/30

11BM2352 Unit1 Lect1 NSRBM2352 Unit1 Lect1 NSR

BASICS OF BIOMECHANICSBASICS OF BIOMECHANICS

INTRODUCTION.INTRODUCTION.



BM2352 Unit1 Lect1 NSRBM2352 Unit1 Lect1 NSR 22

BiomechanicsBiomechanics• The study or application of mechanics to

biological systems.

• The study of the forces that act on the

body and their effects on the body’smovement, size, shape, and structure.




DEFINITION[2]DEFINITION[2]• Bio= life; Mechanics= physical actions

• Statics: form of mechanics that analyzessystems in constant state of motion – Could be no movement at all

– Could be constant velocity with noacceleration

• Dynamics: form of mechanics thatanalyzes systems in motion andaccelerating




DEFINITION[4]DEFINITION[4]




Who uses musculoskeletalWho uses musculoskeletal

biomechanics?biomechanics?

• Biomedical and biomechanical engineers – Medical device companies

– Orthopaedic, sports medicine, and rehabilitationdoctors

– Physical and occupational therapists

– NASA

– Automotive and aircraft companies

– Sports and safety equipment designers

– Athletic trainers, coaches, and athletes.




Biomedical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering• Biomedical Engineer –

– Apply engineering principles to understand,modify, or control biologic systems

– Must have a good understanding of

engineering fundamentals as well as

anatomy, physiology, and medicine.




Tasks of biomedical engineersTasks of biomedical engineers• Research in new materials for artificial

organs, tissues, implants, etc.• Develop new diagnostic instruments

• Develop computer models of physiologic

systems and functions• Design imaging systems, sensors, organs,

implants, instruments

• Study normal and abnormal function todevelop new methodologies of treatment.



1010BM2352 Unit1 Lect1 NSRBM2352 Unit1 Lect1 NSR

AnatomyAnatomy




The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

• Muscles – maintain

posture, generate

heat, provide driving

force for movement

• Muscles are the

actuators of themusculoskeletal

system.




The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

• The human muscular system normally – has approximately 640 skeletal muscles

– accounts for 36 to 45% of total body weight.




Muscle ContractionMuscle Contraction• Muscles are unique compared to othertissues of the body, they can contract

• Contracting muscles – Produce or resist forces

• Muscles can produce or resist very large forces

• the bigger the muscle, the more force it canproduce or resist

– Change their length

• Muscles can shorten by 1/5 to 1/3 of their originallength.




Muscle ContractionMuscle Contraction




Sliding FilamentsSliding Filaments




Muscles and TendonsMuscles and Tendons

• Tendons connect muscles to

bone – Some muscle connect directly

to bone

– Tendons may wrap aroundpulley-like structures

– Tendons are strong elastic

bands, like very stiff rubberbands.




Function of TendonsFunction of Tendons• Allow large cross-section

muscles to attach to asmaller area of bone

• Reduce the diameter of our

joints• Facilitate pulley-like

structures.




Finger Flexor PulleysFinger Flexor Pulleys




Why Study Biomechanics?Why Study Biomechanics?• To address problems related to human

health and performance.• Useful for

– Phys Ed Teachers

– Physical Therapists

– Physicians

– Coaches

– Personal Trainers

– Exercise Instructors




ProblemProblem--Solving ApproachSolving Approach• Analysis of human movement can be

either –Quantitative or

• Six Meters, Three Seconds, Fifty Turns, TwoPlayers, Ten Dollars, etc.

–Qualitative• Good, Poor, Long, Heavy, Flexed, Rotated, spiffy,

etc.




General Question ExamplesGeneral Question Examples• Is the movement being performed with

adequate (or optimal) force?• Is the movement being performed through

an appropriate range of motion?

• Is the sequencing of body movementsappropriate (or optimal) for execution of

the skill?




Formal Problems:Formal Problems:

3 components3 components

– 1) a set of given information

– 2) a particular goal, answer, or desired finding

– 3) a set of operations or processes that canbe used to arrive at the answer from the given

information




ObjectivesObjectives• Define biomechanics, statics, dynamics,

kinematics and kinetics and explain the ways inwhich they are related.

• Describe the scope of scientific inquiry

addressed by biomechanists.• Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative

approaches for analyzing human movement.

• Explain how to formulate questions forqualitative analysis of human movement.




Method of solving problemsMethod of solving problems

basics of bio mechanics nsr

Documents