basic wastewater management
DESCRIPTION
Basic Wastewater ManagementTRANSCRIPT
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Manila Bay during its glory days..
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Manila Bay at present
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Existing Creeks/Esteros
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Why do we have all of these?
Lack of Political
Will Part of Filipino Culture
Lack of Discipline
Lack of Awareness
Poverty
Lack of Malasakit
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Why treat wastewater?
Economic losses due to poor sanitation exceed
P78 billion* per year
More than 11,338* Filipinos die yearly from diarrhea, and about
55* daily from all water-borne diseases
* - World Bank and USAID Study, 2007
DIARRHEA
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Why treat wastewater?
Up to 58% of groundwater contaminated, 64% of rivers fail test for Class A waters (swimming)
* - World Bank and USAID Study, 2007
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Lack of Discipline
Lack of Awareness
Poverty Lack of
Malasakit
What Must be Done?
Strict implementation of existing laws
Massive awareness campaign on the importance of proper sanitation and hygiene
Proper solid waste management implement waste segregation; invest on MRF
Proper maintenance of drainage system
Relocation of informal settlers in city relocation
Implement wastewater treatment facility projects
Lack of Political
Will
Part of Filipino Culture
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Types of Wastewater
Domestic Commercial Industrial
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Wastewater Generation
at HOME
Toilet Others
Yellow Water Brown Water Gray Water
Black Water
SEWAGE
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Commercial
Mainly comprised of
restaurants and other food chains
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Industrial
Usually comes from
manufacturing plants such as
petrochemical and food manufacturing
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Wastewater Services
Provide sewer service connections
Maintain/repair sewer network
Attend to customer complaints
Operate and maintain wastewater treatment
facilities
Plan for sewerage coverage expansion
SEWERAGE Plant Operation and Network Maintenance
SANITATION Septic Tank Desludging
Provide regular cleaning of septic tank
Operate and maintain septage treatment plant
Attend to customer complaints
Fleet maintenance
Plan for sanitation coverage expansion
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Septage management (emptying
septic tanks): Only in Metro Manila, Dumaguete and
Alabel (Sarangani)
Sewerage coverage:
Metro Manila 15%,
national less than 4%, compared
(Dhaka 30%, Phnom Penh 50%)
Sewerage and Sanitation
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Lift Station
Sewage Treatment
Plant
manhole
households
sewer line (gravity)
sewer line (force main)
sewer service connection
How do we collect our wastewater for treatment?
Pumping Station
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Septage Treatment
Plant
households
Septic tank
Vacuum truck unit
Sanitation services through septic tank desludging
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Treatment
Disposal of Untreated
Wastewater
Treated Wastewater
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Physical
Sewage Treatment
Biological Chemical
Sewage Treatment
Organics
NPK
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Preliminary (Physical)
Sewage Treatment Plant
Primary (Physical)
Secondary (Biological)
Sludge Management/ Disposal
Sludge Stabilization Digestion Sludge Dewatering Decanter Filter Press Screw Press
Sludge Disposal
Options for Water Reuse/Recycle
Options for Waste to Energy
Screening Grit Removal Oil and Grease
TSS, Oil and Grease
Tertiary Treatment Disinfection Nitrification and
Phosphorus Removal
Total Coliform, Nitrogen and Phosphorus,
Suspended Growth Process
Attached Growth Process
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge Process
BOD, COD,
Flow Equalization Aeration Sedimentation
TSS, BOD,
Sewage Treatment Plant
solid
liquid
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Pollutants and Microorganisms
Sludge
CO2
CO2
CO2
Sludge
CO2 CO2
Organics in sewage
Aerobic microorganisms Oxygen
CO2 CO2 and Sludge
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand
ORGANICS BOD
ORGANICS BOD
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved Oxygen
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Dissolved Oxygen
ORGANICS BOD
ORGANICS BOD Dissolved Oxygen
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
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Sewage Treatment Plant
Secondary Treatment (Biological)
Suspended Growth process Oxidation Ditch Conventional Activated
Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor
Attached Growth process Rotating Biological Contactors Trickling Filter
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge Process Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
(MBBR) Aerotor
Aeration efficiency Height of the Tank Type of Bacteria
Media Aeration Efficiency
Carriers Aeration Efficiency
New Technologies in the Market
Sewage Treatment Plant (Secondary Treatment)
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Technology Selection Criteria
Technical Process robustness Process efficiency Compact footprint Ease of operation and
maintenance
Environmental/Health Sludge management Odor treatment requirement Noise
Statutory Requirements
Economics Cost efficiency
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Technology Currently Used
Screening/Grit Removal preliminary treatment (physical) treatment Process in Central Manila Sewerage System (CMSS)
Lagoon (Oxidation Pond) a man-made lake or body of water in
which organic wastes are consumed or oxidized by bacteria.
treatment process in Dagat-Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant (DDSTP)
Extended Aeration a type of activated sludge process with no
primary settling and long aerobic detention time to generate less excess sludge overall
treatment process in Alabang STP (ASTP)
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React
Fill
Influent Wastewater
Reaction Time
Settle Clarify
Decant
Remove Effluent
Idle
Waste Sludge
SBR is a fill-and draw activated sludge system designed to operate under non-steady state conditions Features:
Smaller footprint because of absence of primary, secondary clarifiers and digester
Biological nutrient (N&P) removal
High degree of coliform removal
Less chlorine dosing required for post disinfection
Ability to withstand hydraulic and organic shock loads
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
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Fine Screen
Grit & Grease Removal
MBBR Tank
MultiFlo Settler
Ultraviolet Disinfection
Sludge Holding Tank
Influent
Sludge Hauling
Effluent
MBBR is an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process and essentially a hybrid between a suspended growth (ASP) and a fixed film system Features:
Flexible design that allows for increased capacity
Stable under large load variations
Smaller foot print
Single pass treatment
Extremely compact and simple biological treatment system
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
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Screen
Equalization Tank
STM Aerotor
Clarifier
Chlorine Contact Tank
Sludge Holding Tank
Influent
Effluent
Sludge Hauling
STM Aerotor is activated sludge and fixed film technology as part of a process that provides biological nutrient removal for municipal wastewater treatment Features:
Low energy requirement
Small footprint
Improved sludge settling and quality
Low capital
Advance biological nutrient removal
Stable process
No odors
Can handle various load fluctuations
STM AEROTOR
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Screen
Aeration Tank
Secondary Clarifier
Chlorine Contact Tank
Sludge Holding Tank
Influent
Effluent
Sludge Hauling
CAS is the most common suspended growth process used for municipal wastewater treatment. It consists essentially of an aerated biological reactor followed by a secondary clarifier. Features:
Good process flexibility
Reliable operation
Proven track record in all plant sizes
Low odor emission
Energy production
Ability to withstand nominal changes in water characteristics
Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS)
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Lift
Station
Sewage
Treatment
Plant
manhole
households
sewer line
(gravity)
sewer line
(force
main)
sewer service
connection
Sewerage Services
Pumping
Station
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03/25/09
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4
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5
5 Sewerage Systems in Maynilad 1. Central Manila Sewerage System (CMSS) - (ISO 9001&14001; OSHAS 18001) 2. Dagat-dagatan Sewerage System - (ISO 9001 &14001; OSHAS 18001) 3. Communal Sewerage System at Quezon City 4. Makati Isolated System 5. Alabang System
Total capacity of 469,000 cmd More than 480 km of sewer lines ~120,000 households served
Sewerage
Overview of Current Wastewater Services
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Central Manila Sewerage System (Process Flow)
Sewerage System
CUSTOMERS
1.8m dia. Outfall
3.9 km long
Screening &
grit removal and aeration
(Sewage generated)
Tondo Pumping Station
Manila Bay
Lift Station Screening
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Central Manila Sewerage System (Process Flow)
Lift Station
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Central Manila Sewerage System
1
STA. ANA
2
PACO 3
4
5
6
7
MALATE
LUNETA PORT AREA
LEGARDA
STA. CRUZ
S
I
P
TONDO AND DAGUPAN SYSTEM
TONDO
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Assimilative Capacity
Dissolved
Oxygen
(DO)
Distance / Time
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Dagat - Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant
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Dagat - Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant
PUMPING STATION
AERATED PONDS SEWER
INTERCEPTOR
AERATED PONDS
FACULTATIVE PONDS
FACULTATIVE PONDS
POLISHING PONDS
POLISHING PONDS
TREATED WASTEWATER TO
MAYPAJO CREEK
RAW SEWAGE
FILTRATE FROM
SEPTAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
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Alabang Sewerage System
Alabang Sewage Treatment Plant
Alabang Town Center
Madrigal Business Park
Lift Station
Lift Station
Lift Station
SOURCE TRANSFER TREATMENT
Ayala Alabang Village Lift Station
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Communal Septic Tanks
LEACHING
CHAMBER
LEACHING
CHAMBER
EGL
PLAN of a TYPICAL SEPTIC TANK
DIGESTIVE
CHAMBER
From
Household To Sewer
Line/Drainage
System
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Communal Septic Tanks
Legal CAPACITY = 409 cmd
Service Area = 36 ha
Project 8
CAPACITY = 567 cmd
Service Area = 66 ha
CAPACITY = 621 cmd
Service Area = 37 ha Grant
Congressional
Upgraded to STP
Upgraded to STP
Upgraded to STP
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Communal Septic Tanks
Project 7
Road A, Project 7
CAPACITY
2,400 cmd sewage
240 cmd septage
CAPACITY = 93 cmd
Roosevelt, Project 7
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Septage
Treatment
Plant
households
Septic tank
Vacuum
truck unit
Sanitation services
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SEPTAGE TREATMENT
ACCEPTANCE UNIT
DEWATERING PROCESS
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
COLLECTION
RECEIVING BODY OF WATER
TREATED FILTRATE
FILTRATE SLUDGE
GRIT
DEBRIS
BIOSOLIDS
FURTHER TREATMENT 1. SUN DRYING 2. COMPOSTING 3. LIME STABILIZATION
SEPTIC TANK
Septage Management
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Septage Collection
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Dagat - dagatan Septage Treatment Plant
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Wastewater Management Existing Facilities
San Juan Sewerage System
Dagat-dagatan Sewerage System
Central Manila Sewerage System
Makati Isolated System
Alabang Sewerage System
3
1
4
5
2
11%
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Sewerage Sanitation
Separate System
Maximize the use of the existing network
Expand the sewerage coverage using the combined system
Maintain sanitation facilities to serve customers outside the
sewered areas
Sanitation
Sewerage
Combined System
Desludging
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Combined System
Legend Drainage Flow Combined Sewer Overflow Interceptor Line Separate Line Laterals
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Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
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Dry Weather
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
Storm Flow
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MAYNILAD Sewage Treatment
Plant
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
Dry Weather
Storm Flow
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Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)