Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

[Module 1]

Orientation on MSWM –key issues and key challenges

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

2Module 1: Basics

Orientation on MSWM –key issues and key challenges

Hidden values of waste – a touching

videoPrinciples of

sustainable and integrated MSWM

Categorization of waste

The 3R approach

Rating of MSWM in your city

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

3Module 1: Basics

Hidden values of waste

the Recycled Orchestra from Paraguay

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics 4

Why is Solid Waste Management a challenge?

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

5Module 1: Activities

Because waste

Waste..

.. generation is increasing through economic

development, urbanization and population growth

pollutes / contaminat

es water

 

pollutes air and emits Greenhouse Gases

chokes city drains

 

is breeder ground

for vectors

 

is often not degradable

 

is a health hazard for humansis a hazard for animals

 

 

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics 6

Because waste

Waste..

.. generation is increasing through economic

development, urbanization and population growth

pollutes / contaminat

es water

 

pollutes air and emits Greenhouse Gases

chokes city drains

 

is breeder ground

for vectors

 

is often not degradable

 

is a health hazard for humansis a hazard for animals

 

 

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics

e.g. Residents

7

Integrated sustainable solid waste management

Source: UNHABITAT (2010) Solid Waste Management in the World’s Cities (http://www.waste.nl/sites/waste.nl/files/product/files/swm_in_world_cities_2010.pdf)

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

8Module 1: Extras

The functional elements of MSWM – the Waste Management Chain

Households

SMEs

Business and administration

Residential areas

Hotels and restaurants

Streets and open spaces

Amusement parks

Sorting

On-site storage

HH-level processing

Carrying to collection point

Landfill

conventional MSWM

Integrated MSWM

Gathering at collection point

Transport to secondary storage

Sorting of mixed waste

Recovery of sorted materials

Processing

Transformation

Transport to treatmenmt & disposal site

Door-to-door collection

1 2 3 4

Generation Primary collectionSecondary Collection& Transportation Treatment

Transfer to truck

5

Disposal

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

9Module 1: Activities

conventional MSWM

Integrated MSWM

Activity: The functional elements of MSWM – the Waste Management Chain

1 2 3 4

Generation Primary collectionSecondary Collection& Transportation Treatment

5

Disposal

Sorting

On-site storage

Carrying to collection point

Gathering at collection point

Door-to-door collection

Transfer to truckSorting of mixed waste

Recovery of sorted materialsLandfill Transformation

Households

SMEs

Business and administration

Residential areas

Hotels and restaurants

Streets and open spaces

Amusement parks

Sorting

On-site storage

HH-level processing

Carrying to collection point

Landfill

Gathering at collection point

Transport to secondary storage

Sorting of mixed waste

Recovery of sorted materials

Processing

Transformation

Transport to treatmenmt & disposal site

Door-to-door collection

Generation Primary collectionSecondary Collection& Transportation Treatment

Transfer to truck

Disposal

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics 10

Definition of waste as per MSW Rules 2000

"municipal solid waste" includes

commercial and residential wastes

generated in municipal or notified

areas

in either solid or semi-solid form

excluding industrial hazardous

wastes but including treated bio-

medical wastes

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics 11

Categorization of waste

Categories of waste

1. Household waste

(incl. offices, restaurants, hotels, SMEs, etc.)

2. Construction and demolition

waste

3. Plastic waste4. E-waste

5. Hazardous waste

6. Bio-medical waste

o high organic fractiono paper, glass, metals,

plastico ragso inert and other materials

o multi material mix

o valuable secondary resources, recycling options

o extremely heavy and voluminous

o possibly hazardous fraction

o fast growing fraction of waste

o requires appropriate processing

o potentially harmful for workers and the environment

o resource recovery

o fast growing fraction of wasteo high durability (centuries to thousands of

years)o littering and choking of drainages and

sewage systemso significant pollution of landscape, coasts

and oceanso high recovery value, recycling options

Can be:o infectious, o hazardous

Can be:o toxic, o inflamable

,o explosive,o corrosive, o reactive

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Physical composition of MSW in India

1996 20050%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

InertOtherRagsGlasMetalPlastic ruberPaperBiodegradables

Source: 1996: NEERI, 2005: CPCB; taken from WBI Development Studies: Improving MSWM in India (2008)

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Amount of urban waste in Maharashtra (2011)

Source table: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India; R.K. Annepu, Earth Engineering Center Columbia University (2012), page 129

City Population mt/d

1 Greater Mumbai 21,660,521 11,645

2 Pune 4,956,518 2,742

3 Nagpur 2,806,681 838

4 Aurangabad 1,176,293 702

5 Pimpri Chinchward 1,937,473 567

6 Navi Mumbai 455

7 Nashik 1,518,766 345

8 Jalgaon 208

9 Amravati 724,254 226MSW generation in India :• year 2000: 34 million tons (100%)• 2015: 83.8 million tons (x

2.5)• 2030: 221 million tons (x

2.6)

Per capita waste generation in cities:• 2010: 0.17 – 0.62 kg /

day• projection 2030: 1.032 kg /day

Source figures: R.K. Kaushal et. al.: Municipal Solid Waste Management in India – Current State and Future Challenges: A Review; International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 4 No. 04, April 2012

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Household waste

High organic fraction Plastic (foils, cups,

plates, bags,…) Inert and other materials Rags Paper, glas, metals

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Construction and demolition waste in IndiaIt is estimated that C&DW accounts to approx. 25% of solid waste generated in India• nearly 50% of C&DW are reused

or recycled;

• remainder is mostly landfilled;

• common practice to pile waste form large construction or demolition projects in the roads causing traffic congestions;

• C&DW from households normally goes to MSW making it heavy and degrading quality for further treatment

Source: http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/print/volume-12/issue-5/features/rebuilding-c-d-waste-recycling-efforts-in-india.htmlAuthor: Sadhan Ghosh, President of the International Society of Waste Management, Air and Water (ISWMAW), India; and professor of Mechanical Engineering at Jadavpur University, Kolkata

• 40-60kg/m² during construction;

• 40-50kg/m² during renovation and repair;

• 300-500kg/m² during demolition;

Amount of C&DW generated

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Plastic Waste

*Source: Plastindia Foundation (2012)

Increase from 7.5 million tons in 2011up to 15 million tons in 2015 (in India)

Waste plastics

•are causing littering and choking of sewerage systems;

•are often the most visible component in waste dumps and open landfills;

•are meanwhile significantly polluting the oceans;

• in the oceans constitute a high risk for various groups of marine animals;

• remain in the environment for decades to centuries

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Composition of e-waste in India

50%

21%

13%

16% Iron and steel

Plastics

non-ferrous metals

others

Source: http://www.atterobay.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/E-Waste-Health-Hazards1.jpg

Source: http://politicadechatarra.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/basuraelectr25c325b3nica9.jpg

up to 8,00,000 tons in 2012

Source: Research Unit Rajya Sabha Secretariat (2011): E-waste in India

Potential environmental hazards of e-waste• lead, barium, tin, cadmium, mercury,

copper, nickel and other heavy metals -> (ground)-water, soil;

• hydrocarbons, brominated dioxins and others -> air, water;

• glass dust -> air, water;

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Hazardous wastehazardous waste from households includes consumer products from following product classes:• home care,

e.g. drain cleaners, cleaning materials, oil paints, …

• personal care,e.g. old medicines, medicine bottles, …

• automotive care,e.g. motor oil, fuel, batteries, …

• pest control,e.g. poisons, pesticides, herbicides, …

• e-waste,e.g. batteries, CFLs, energy saving bulbs, lamp ballasts, …

other generators:

• small scale industrial units

• car repair shops

• paints shops

• …

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

Bio-medical waste• Treated bio-medical waste from

hospitals and nursing homes can be managed with MSW;

• Untreated, hazardous bio-medical waste can be mixed with MSW;

Risky contents of

BMW

1. Solid items

2. Human tissues3. Sharp items

4. Laboratory waste

o catheterso tubeso disposable maskso disposable scrubso medical gloveso wound dressingso …

o bladeso cuvetteso slideso other glass itemso needleso pipetteso syringeso …

o bloodo bloody fluidso tissueso organ and tissue

cultureso …

o animal carcasseso hazardous

chemicalso medical plantso redioactive

materialso …

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics 20

The 3R-Approach: Reduce – Reuse - Recycle

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Activities

The 3R-ApproachQuiz: • The figure below shows the waste management hierarchy• Left cone represents the traditional approach, right cone the 3R

approach • Assign the following waste management strategies to the related

portions of the cones• Reduce – dispose– energy recovery

– recycle

- reuse

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Basics

The 3R-Approach: Reduce – Reuse - Recycle

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Module 1: Basics

Reduction of volume

Cost reduction SWM

Longer life span for landfills

Reduced environmental

impacts

Sustainable use of resources

Employment opportunities

Benefits of 3R-Approach

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Extras

3R Approaches for different waste types

Waste from

1. Households

2. Road sweeping

3. Construction4. Drains (silt)

6. Institutions

7. STP (CETP)

o Promote segregation at source o Promote decentralized compostingo Propagate kitchen gardenso Awareness raisingo Formalize recyclingo Ensure proper management of

problematic fractions

o educate people to stop waste disposal and littering an roads

o segregation of recoverable materials

o improve design of storm water management infrastructure

o educate people not to litter drains

o propagate reuse and recyclingo inert fill materialo road and embankment

constructiono recycled blocks and slabs

o speeds up composting process

o can be polluted

o usually large amount of recyclables

o promote behaviour change in institutions

o Extended Producers Responsibility

o Green Procurement

5. Markets and commercial sites

o promote reduction of paper, carbboard, packaging wasteo discourage use of plastic

o formalize recyclingo initiate Materials Recovery

Facilities

8. Horticulture

o excellent source material for compost

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Activities

Activity: Rating of MSWM in your hometowns

Rate the implementation / quality of services of MSWM in your municipality marking the specific rating score

The scores have the following meaning:-2: item not existing-1: item requires remarkable

improvement0: situation reasonable+1: good situation / performance+2: best practice example, should be

shared

Transfer your individual rating to the poster

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Activities

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

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Module 1: Activities

Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – M1: Orientation on MSWM

Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP)Deutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH 

Sustainable Urban HabitatB-5/2, First Floor, Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029, Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02

Thank you very much