basic pneumatic automation.ppt

8/13/2019 Basic Pneumatic automation.ppt

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Definition:



In the scope of industrialization, automation is a stepbeyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization

provides human operators with machinery to assistthem with the muscular requirements of work,automation greatly decreases the need for humansensory and mental requirements while increasingload capacity, speed, and repeatability. Automationplays an increasingly important role in the worldeconomy and in daily experience.



What does a spinning machine do……….?



The job is rigidly fixed on the machine table.The cutting tool held properly in the tool post ismounted on a spindle. The forward motion of the

spindle is obtained by a Single acting pneumaticcylinder. As the spindle rotates, the tool reshape thematerial during its forward stroke.



Pneumatics is a section of technology that deals with thestudy and application of pressurized gas to producemechanical motion.Pneumatic systems are used extensively in industry, andfactories are commonly plumbed with compressed air orcompressed inert gases. This is because a centrally locatedand electrically powered compressor that powers cylindersand other pneumatic devices through solenoid valves can

often provide motive power in a cheaper, safer, moreflexible, and more reliable way than a large number ofelectric motors and actuators.



An air cylinder, or air actuator, is a way to use compressedair to provide a push or pull movement. An air cylinderconsists, as the name suggests, of a cylinder, a plunger andan arm. The plunger is sized to fit the cylinder exactly,

creating an airtight seal. There are two types of cylinder:single-acting cylinders and double-acting cylinders. In asingle-acting cylinder, there is a port at one end and anexhaust at the other. In a double-acting cylinder, there is a

port at each end.



The push or pull action is achieved when compressedair is channeled into one of the cylinder ports. The airexpands and fills the cylinder, pushing the plungeruntil it reaches the other end. The force that a cylindercan lift is determined by the air pressure thecompressor is producing in PSI (pounds per squareinch) multiplied by the area of the plunger. A largercylinder with a large plunger can lift more than asmaller cylinder at the same air pressure.



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Working limits of this machines are controlled by limitswitches. A limit switch is an electromechanical device that consistsof an actuator mechanically linked to a set of contacts. When an object comes into contact with the actuator, thedevice operates the contacts to make or break an electricalconnection. They can determine the presence or absence,passing, positioning, and end of travel of an object. They

were first used to define the limit of travel of an object;hence the name “Limit Switch.”



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Increased throughput or productivity.Improved quality or increased predictability ofquality.

Improved robustness (consistency), of processes orproduct.Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses.

Increased consistency of output.



Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system mayhave a limited level of intelligence, and is therefore moresusceptible to committing errors outside of its immediatescope of knowledge.

High initial cost: The automation of a new product or planttypically requires a very large initial investment incomparison with the unit cost of the product, although thecost of automation may be spread among many products

and over time.

basic pneumatic automation.ppt

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