basic microcomputer elements rev 12072010

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MICROCOMPUTER STRUCTURE & OPERATIONBasic Microcomputer Elements


MICROPROCESSOR


DEFINITION

Microprocessor is a special device which able to fetch, decode and execute the programmed instructions which stored in the memory.

Fetch – can read in, take out Decode – translating, interpreting Execute – take an action, run the

programmed Programmed instruction – series of

instruction written in such way to perform a particular task as it being fetch, decode and execute by the processor.


FETCH – DECODE – EXECUTE


ELEMENTS OF MICROPROCESSOR

1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – performs arithmetic operation such as addition and subtraction also logic operation NOT, AND, OR and X-OR.

2. Register unit – store any data during execution of a program.

3. Control unit – provides the timing and control signal for getting data into and out of the microprocessor, for performing programmed instruction and for all other operations.


MICROCOMPUTER

MPU

MU

OUIU


Memory Unit

Primary storage memory

MICROCOMPUTER BLOCK DIAGRAM

Microprocessor Unit

Input Unit

Output Unit

Program

storage memor

y

Data storage memor

y

Secondary storage memory


MICROCOMPUTER UNIT

Input Unit: the user to input information or commands to the MPU.

MPU: executes instructions of the program and process data

Output Unit: to give feedback to user and for producing documented results

Memory Unit: to store information, such as number or character data


MEMORY UNIT

a) Primary storage memory: Smaller in size Used for temporary storage of active

information such operating system Implement with ROM and RAM

i. Program storage memory Store instruction of the operating system and

application programii. Data storage memory

Contains data that are to be processed by the programs as they are executed


MEMORY UNIT (CONT.)

b) Secondary storage memory Used for long-term storage of information that

is not currently being used Example:

Pen drive Hard disk drive CD drive CD R/W


EVOLUTION IN MICROPROCESSOR

4 bit (1 nibble)

8 bit(1 byte)

16 bit(1 word)

32 bit(1 long word)

64 bit(2 long word)

basic microcomputer elements rev 12072010

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