Respirator Standard Photos

1Electrical Hazards Awareness BriefingBasic Electrical Safety Hazard AwarenessModule 1

1It is very important that all employees review this procedure and become familiar with the practices outlined herein

2Purpose

The purpose worker safetyRaising your awareness of electrical hazardsInstructing you on how to recognize electrical hazardsProviding ways to eliminate, remove and prevent electrical hazards in the workplaceEmphasizing the extreme importance of observing all electrical safety requirements and practicesInstructing you on what to do during an electrical accident

2PurposeThis procedure defines responsibilities and requirements so that personnel can recognize electrical hazards and avoid injury or fatality.

In addition to this briefing, read through the procedure carefully and contact your SERB representative if you have any questions.

3IntroductionAn average of one worker is electrocuted on the job every dayAn average of one person is electrocuted in the home every 36 hours Electrical incidents are far more likely to be fatal than other typesThere are four main types of electrical injuries:Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)Electrical shockBurnsFalls

3This module addresses OSHAs General Industry electrical standards contained in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S. OSHA also has electrical standards for construction and maritime, but recommends that employers in these industries follow the general industry electrical standards whenever possible for hazards that are not addressed by their industry-specific standards.

Suitability of electrical equipment for an identified purpose may be evidenced by listing or labeling by a nationally recognized testing laboratory which makes periodic inspections of equipment production and states that such equipment meets nationally recognized standards or tests to determine safe use in a specified manner.

The Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) standard, 29 CFR 1910.147, is not covered in this presentation. However, you can find information on the Lockout-Tagout Interactive Training Program, under OSHA Advisors on the OSHA web site, www.osha.gov.

Electricity is one of the most common causes of fire in homes and workplaces. Explosions have also resulted from electrical sources.

4Electrical TerminologyCurrent the movement of electrical chargeResistance opposition to current flowVoltage a measure of electrical forceConductors substances, such as metals, that have little resistance to electricityInsulators substances, such as wood, rubber, glass, and bakelite, that have high resistance to electricityGrounding a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure

4Operating an electric switch is like turning on a water faucet. Behind the faucet or switch there must be a source of water or electricity with something to transport it, and with a force to make it flow. In the case of water, the source is a reservoir or pumping station; the transportation is through pipes; and the force to make it flow is provided by a pump. For electricity, the source is the power generating station; current travels through electric conductors (wires); and the force to make it flow - voltage, measured in volts, is provided by a generator.

Resistance- Dry skin has a fairly high resistance, but when moist, resistance drops radically, making it a ready conductor.- Measured in ohms.

Use extra caution when working with electricity when water is present in the environment or on the skin. Pure water is a poor conductor, but small amounts of impurities, such as salt and acid (both are contained in perspiration), make it a ready conductor.

5Electrical ShockReceived when current passes through the bodySeverity of the shock depends on:Path of current through the bodyAmount of current flowing through the bodyLength of time the body is in the circuit

5A small current that passes through the trunk of the body (heart and lungs) is capable of causing severe injury or electrocution.

Low voltages can be extremely dangerous because, all other factors being equal, the degree of injury increases the longer the body is in contact with the circuit.

6Dangers of Electrical ShockCurrents greater than 75 mA* can cause ventricular fibrillation (rapid, ineffective heartbeat)Will cause death in a few minutes unless a defibrillator is used 75 mA is not much current a small power drill uses 30 times as much

* mA = milliampere = 1/1,000 of an ampere

Defibrillator in use

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7How is an electrical shock received?When two wires have different potential differences (voltages), current will flow if they are connected togetherIn most household wiring, the black wires are at 110 volts relative to groundThe white wires are at zero volts because they are connected to groundIf you come into contact with an energized (live) black wire, and you are also in contact with the white grounded wire, current will pass through your body and YOU WILL RECEIVE A SHOCK

7Grounding is a physical connection to the earth, which is at zero volts.

Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Electric shock occurs when the body becomes a part of the circuit. Electric shock normally occurs in one of three ways - when an individual is in contact with the ground and contacts: 1. Both wires of an electric circuit, or 2. One wire of an energized circuit and the ground, or 3. A metallic part that has become energized by contact with an energized conductor. The metal parts of electric tools and machines may become energized if there is a break in the insulation of the tool or machine wiring. A worker using these tools and machines is made less vulnerable to electric shock when there is a low-resistance path from the metallic case of the tool or machine to the ground. This is done through the use of an equipment grounding conductora low-resistance wire that causes the unwanted current to pass directly to the ground, thereby greatly reducing the amount of current passing through the body of the person in contact with the tool or machine.

8How is an electrical shock received?(contd)If you are in contact with an energized wire or any energized electrical component, and also with any grounded object, YOU WILL RECEIVE A SHOCKYou can even receive a shock when you are not in contact with a groundIf you contact both wires of a 240-volt cable, YOU WILL RECEIVE A SHOCK and possibly be electrocuted

8Contact with both energized wires of a 240-volt cable will deliver a shock. This type of shock can occur because one live wire may be at +120 volts while the other is at 120 volts during an alternating current cycle, which is a potential difference of 240 volts.

9Low Voltage Does Not Mean Low HazardA small amount of electrical current can cause injury, even deathThe current from a 7.5-watt, 120-volt lamp, passing across the chest, is enough to cause fatal electrocutionDeaths from 120 volts represent about 12 percent of all electrocutions

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10Electrical Burns Most common shock-related, nonfatal injuryOccurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintainedTypically occurs on the handsVery serious injury that needs immediate attention

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11Recognize the Hazards

Have you seen areas like these?Both are NEC violations and present a safety hazard, based on inaccessible circuit control devicesDo not block the working space around electrical equipment (600 volts, nominal, or less). This space provides and maintains sufficient access and working space to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance of such equipment

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12Recognize the Hazards

What do you do if you see these situations?Call a timeout and inform your supervisorDo not remove or open receptacle covers, switch plates, or covers of electrical equipment unless qualified and authorized

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13Recognize the HazardAssume all exposed wiring is energized until proven otherwise. STOP, protect the area and contact supervision if you encounter this situationPotentially energized exposed wire with status unknown

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14Recognize the HazardTripping and Abrasion HazardsDont cause tripping hazards or create pinch points for cordsIf you must run a cord temporarily across the floor, protect your co-workers by covering the cord appropriately

Not OKOK

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15Recognize the Hazards

Remove from service damaged or frayed cordsReport electrical equipment damage to your supervisorStay clear of bare, exposed wiring and REPORT IT!Visually inspect electrical equipment before each use for damage and/or external defects such as loose, missing or deformed parts, pinched or crushed outer jackets or insulation. This type of external damage may indicate internal damage to the equipment. Electrical cords that are worn or damaged must be replaced without delay. Before cleaning electrical equipment, turn it off and unplug it.

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16Recognize the Hazard Cabinets, Boxes, and FittingsJunction boxes, pull boxes and fittings must have approved covers in placeUnused openings in cabinets, boxes and fittings must be closed (no missing knockouts)Photo shows violations of these two requirementsReport this situation to management

161910.305(b)(1) and (2)

17Recognize the Hazards

Never daisy chain multi-outlet strips (plugging into each other)

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18Recognize the HazardObserve all barricades, postings, and warning signs regarding dangerous voltagesDo not enter or approach electrical work areas unless specifically authorized and qualified.

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19Recognize the Hazards

Not permitted and should be taken out of service!

Electrical boxes with knockouts are designed to be installed in or on walls, not used as multi-outlet extension cords.

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20Recognize the HazardGrounding PathThe path to ground from circuits, equipment, and enclosures must be permanent and continuousViolation shown here is an extension cord with a missing grounding prongDo not make alterations to polarized blades or ground pin to make plug fit into non-polarized or non-grounded outlet

201910.304(f)(4)

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Recognize the HazardsElectrical hazards may exist overhead indoorsCrane power rails are an exampleElectrical hazards may also exist overhead outdoorsMost lines are bare and higher voltage than the normal insulated wiringContact is not required to initiate an arc or cause shock and burn injuriesMaintain safe approach distances when working near energized overhead lines

Stay at least 10 feet away from overhead lines

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22Recognize the HazardElectrical equipment and wiring must not be exposed to physical damagePicture shown here is physical damage to conduitStay away from damaged equipment and report equipment damage to supervision

221910.303(g)(2)(ii)

23Recognize the HazardTreat it as it is designed to be treatedPull the plug, not the cord

Handle portable electrical equipment carefully, in accordance with manufacturers instructions, and in a manner that will not cause damage

23Over 3000 electrical fires are caused each year from faulty extension cords, resulting in 50 deaths and 270 injuries.

24Clues that Electrical Hazards May Exist Tripped circuit breakers or blown fusesHot to the touch on tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxesDim and flickering lightsSizzles and buzzes-unusual sounds from electrical systemOdor of hot insulationMild tingle from contact with case or equipmentGFCI that shuts off a circuitWorn or frayed insulation around wire or connectionBurn marks or discoloration on receptacle plates or plug prongs

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25Ground-Fault Circuit InterrupterAlways use a GFCI receptacle or circuit for cord connected tools and equipment used outdoors or near waterThis device protects you from electrocutionThe GFCI detects a difference in current between the black and white circuit wires (This could happen when electrical equipment is not working correctly, causing current leakage known as a ground fault.)Perform the test function on the GFCI to determine if it is functioning properly by pushing the button to verify it shuts offRepeated resetting not allowed. Contact local E&I to troubleshoot if GFCI continues to trip.

25The GFCI continually matches the amount of current going to an electrical device against the amount of current returning from the device along the electrical path.

Whenever the amount of current going differs from the amount returning by approximately 5 milliamperes, the GFCI interrupts the electric power within as little as 1/40 of a second, protecting you from a dangerous shock.

GFCIs are able to detect the loss of current resulting from leakage through a person who is beginning to be shocked. If this situation occurs, the GFCI switches off the current in the circuit.

GFCIs are different from circuit breakers and fuses because they detect leakage currents rather than overloads.

26Prohibited Uses of Flexible CordsExamplesSubstitute for fixed wiringRun through walls, ceilings, floors, doors, or windowsConcealed behind or attached to building surfaces

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27Safe PracticesCord ControlDo not fasten electrical cords to surfaces with staples, nails, wire, or any other method that might damage the cordExtension cordsPlace them in appropriate locationsUnderstand they are for temporary use onlyTool cordsKeep track of them, to assure they do not become damagedDo not plug or unplug electrical cords with wet hands or while standing in water

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28Safe PracticesCord Control Cont.Do not use portable electrical equipment or extension cords in wet or damp locations without a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) ahead of the plug connectionGFCIs are also required for temporary power applications in wet or damp locations, including extension cordsRemove loads from an appliance or extension cord before unplugging itIf a plug wont stay placed snugly or fits loosely in a receptacle, dont use it; call local E&I to replace it

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29Safe PracticesResetting BreakersWhen circuit breakers and fuses trip, dont reset or replace them!

Only qualified and authorized personnel are allowed to reset breakers and replace fuses

Contact qualified personnel to determine the cause of trips

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30Safe PracticesConductive ApparelDont wear loose conductive apparel, (such as rings, watch bands, bracelets, necklaces, etc.) when plugging in electrical cords

Burn from arc

Charm contacted plug

Charm contacted plug here

30The charm on this persons arm contacted the prongs of the plug as the person attempted to plug in a cord to power strip, resulting in a electrical short circuit and arc that burned the arm.

31Safe PracticesWall PenetrationsWhen penetrating walls to hang pictures, bulletin boards, signs, understand and follow site requirements to ensure that concealed electrical wiring, conduit or piping will not be contactedA non-obtrusive survey (e.g., Ground Penetrating Radar, proximity detection device) may be required, along with a review of applicable drawings, to ensure that the electrical system is not penetrated or contacted

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32Safe PracticesEquipment ApplicationsConsumer electrical equipment or appliances should be tested and labeled by a recognized testing laboratory. (Look for the UL, CSA, ETL or MET Label)Always read and follow the manufacturers instructions carefully. Be sure that the equipment or tool is rated for the environment (wet, damp, etc.)Plug portable space heaters directly into outlet: Do not use extension cord. Use a circuit with as little else on it as possible since space heaters take a lot of power.

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33Safe PracticesQualificationsDo not remove/replace receptacle covers, switch plates, or covers of electrical equipment that may contain energized conductors without electrical qualifications and authorizationOnly qualified electrical workers may perform activities such as electrical probing, measuring and testing electrical energized components (such as performing an absence of voltage test)

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34Electrical EmergenciesDo you know what dangers could be encountered?Attempts to rescue an accident victim may pose as great a hazard for the rescuer as it does for the victimA victim of an electrical accident is often unable to move or release the electrical conductor, because of muscle clampingCaution should be a primary consideration during any electrical accident or emergency

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35Electrical EmergenciesDo you know the proper actions to take if you see someone receiving a shock or locked onto an energized electrical line? Approaching the accident:Never rush into an accident situation-Assess your own safetyCall 911 as soon as possibleUnplug portable electrical equipment to remove power (1st choice)Open a disconnecting device or circuit breaker to de-energize fixed electrical equipment Use a dry wood broom, leather belt, plastic rope, or something similar that is non-conductive such as wood or plastic cane with hook on the end to free the person from the energy source

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36Electrical EmergenciesDowned Power LinesDo you know the proper actions to take? Approaching the accident:Move away from downed power lineShuffle away with small steps keeping feet togetherIf you see someone in direct contact with line, do not touch personCall 911 as soon as possibleDo not attempt to move downed power lineGet the aid of trained electrical personnel if possibleIf you are in your car and it is it contact with the downed line, stay in car. Honk horn for help and tell others to stay away from your vehicle

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37What Now?Inspect your work areasExisting unsafe conditionsBare wiresOpen enclosures containing exposed wiresLoose or missing covers or fastenersUse good electrical safe practicesNo daisy-chainingNo overloading outletsPull on plug, not cord

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38What Now?What do I do if I identify a hazardous condition?When unsafe electrical conditions are found, correct them if possible, or take steps to warn other employees Report unsafe electrical conditions verbally and/or in writing to supervision so corrective actions can be taken immediatelyBarricade the area, if an immediate hazard existsNotify supervision for correction and documentation

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EFCOG Electrical Improvement Project39For More InformationContact:Your Site Electrical Safety Officer, orYour Safety Engineer

WEB SitesSee DOE Electrical Safety Campaign at www.eh.doe.gov/paa/electricalSee Electrical Safety Foundation International at www.electrical-safety.org

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