basic dns step by step guide in linux

8/13/2019 Basic DNS Step by Step Guide in Linux

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Submitter: Matthew Carpenter

Color Conventions in this document:Configuration Files in this document have been color-coded to better ease inreading.

Red Items you must change

Blue Various Filenames and Paths

Dark Green Comments and Record Description

Dark Purple Optional Records

How this document is organized:

BS!C "#S $H%&'()%$$!#) "#S $& *&'+ ,)eneralCCH!#) ( CF!)/'$! ,and appropriate filesS$#"'" CF!)/'$! ,and appropriate filesF!%S C&MM $& CF!)/'$!S

"Above all else, know thyself"

0%'( BS!C ,and loosel1 correct $H%&'(

!f 1ou don2t understand "#S !2ll cover it 0%'( briefl1. !f 1ou need moreinformation3 see the man pages for namedand the DNS-HowTo.

"#S is a 4.566 compliant3 hierarchical distributed data s1stem. $hat means theinformation is spread all over the world with several 78nown7 points of origin8nown and a 7tree-li8e7 organization. $hese points of origins are 8nown as 'oot#ame Servers. %ver1 "#S client ,9ni3 *in;3 #$3 #etware3 etc.. is given one or

more 7local7 servers. ,for dialup !S


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$here is much more to this3 such as caching3 local host files3 etc.. but this is thebasic information about "#S server protocol.

)%$$!#) "#S $& *&'+ ,)eneral

Directions:>%dit Configuration Files?Start ,or restart "#S

Commands:$o Start "#S,as root: ndc start,@usr@sbin@ndc is the filename$o 'estart "#S: ndc restart$o Stop "#S: ndc stop

CCH!#)-( CF!)/'$!

7caching onl17 "#S server is one which is configured without an1 domains forwhich to be responsible for.

Configuration Files for DNS proper

/etc/named.conf this defines a directory to store the DN confi! files

"DNROO#$/root.hints Contains %pointers% to the Root er&ers''

"DNROO#$/()*.+.+ Contains confi! for the local host/su,net''

''note- the files in "DNROO#$ may ,e named somethin!else. #his is defined in /etc/named.conf

Configuration Files for the Local Host Name Resolution (important for testing)

/etc/resol&.conf Only to make this computer use itself for DN

/etc/nssitch Only to make this computer check /etc/hosts and DN'

/etc/host.conf Only to make this computer check /etc/hosts and DN'

'note- hich of these to is important depends on your li,c

&ersion usually chan!e ,oth


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CONFIGURING DNS:

$he following section shows wor8ing configuration files complete with comments

/etc/named.conf,Caching &nl1 Configuration----------------------------------------------$his file must be named named.conf and be in @etcA!t is used b1 the 7named7 daemon to determine the basic configuration and what files contain the details

options { #Global DNS settings

directory "/var/named"; #tells DNS to use the listed directory

for other config files

#forward first;#chec the "forwarders" before doing any

resolution#forwarders {# list of domain servers the chec !"local" DNS

#$%&$%''%(;#internal DNS server for company

#);

);

*one "%" { #Settings for the +,,- .,N

type hint; #Specifies this as the +,,- .,N type

file "root%hints"; #0ile that containing lins to the +,,-

S+1+S!/var/named/root.hints

);

*one "$%$%'(%in2addr%arpa" { #3sed for reverse looup !ie 45 6ddress

to Name

#notice it is your networ address bacwards7"in2addr%arpa"

#So this is for '(%$%$ networ

type master; #Specifies this as a 86S-+ .,N

file "p*/'(%$%$"; #0ile that contains the details for this

*one!/var/named/pz/127.0.0

);----------------------------------------------

#otice the structure for each section of the file. *hen troubleshooting 8eep this inmind:


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sectiontype {

optiontype setting;

optiontype setting;

optiontype setting;

/etc/reso!".conf#Cachin$ On!% Confi$&ration'----------------------------------------------Achange the domain info to fit 1ours. "on2t change the nameserver entr1

search subdomain%e2i2s%cc e2i2s%cc;where subdomain%e2i2s%cc is the

subdomain the DNS server is in

;and e2i2s%cc is your domain

nameserver '(%$%$%----------------------------------------------

#&$%: (ou must also see the configuration files common to all configurationshere

CH(NGING TH) CONFIGUR(TION

s the Caching &nl1 "#S simpl1 retrieves and stores the !< information as newhost resolutions are re=uested3 there is not a whole lot of configuration changeinvolved. !t Dust wor8s. ,nd hopefull1 !2ve done a good enough Dob showing 1ouso that it "&%S $here is one thing 1ou can change3 and that is to ma8e theserver chec8 with one or more "#S servers before going to the '&&$S%'0%'S. $hese are 8nown as Forwarders. (ou can configure forwarding b1uncommenting ,removing the 7A7 from the beginning of the purple lines in@[email protected].

S$#"'" CF!)/'$!

7standard configuration7 "#S server is one which is configured to beresponsible to resolve names to !< ddresses ,and vice versa for a domain.

Configuration Files for DNS proper

/etc/named.conf this defines a directory to store the DN confi! files

"DNROO#$/root.hints Contains %pointers% to the Root er&ers''

"DNROO#$/()*.+.+ Confi! for re&erse0lookup to the local host/su,net''

"DNROO#$/"domain$ Confi! for domain''

"DNROO#$/"in0

addr.arpa file$

Confi! for re&erse lookup for your domain
http://linux-sxs.org/internet_serving/dns.html#common%23commonhttp://linux-sxs.org/internet_serving/dns.html#common%23common


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''note- the files in "DNROO#$ may ,e named somethin!else. #his is defined in /etc/named.conf

Configuration Files for the Local Host Name Resolution (important for testing)

/etc/resol&.conf Only to make this computer use itself for DN

/etc/nssitch Only to make this computer check /etc/hosts and DN'

/etc/host.conf Only to make this computer check /etc/hosts and DN'

'note- hich of these to is important depends on your li,c

&ersion usually chan!e ,oth

CONFIGURING DNS:

$he following section shows wor8ing configuration files complete with comments

/etc/named.conf#Standard Confi$&ration'----------------------------------------------$his file must be named named.conf and be in @etc

A!t is used b1 the 7named7 daemon to determine the basic configuration and what files contain the details

options { #Global DNS settings

directory "/var/named"; #tells named where to find the rest of

the config files

#forward first;#chec the "forwarders" before doing any

resolution

#forwarders {# list of domain servers the chec !"local" DNS

#$%&$%''%(;#internal DNS server for company

#);

);

*one "%" { #Settings for the +,,- .,N

type hint; #Specifies this as the +,,- .,N type

file "root%hints"; #0ile that containing lins to the +,,-

S+1+S!/var/named/root.hints


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);

*one "$%$%'(%in2addr%arpa" { #3sed for reverse looup !ie 45 6ddress

to Name

#notice it is your networ address bacwards7"in2addr%arpa"

#So this is for '(%$%$ networ

type master; #Specifies this as a 86S-+ .,N

file "p*/'(%$%$"; #0ile that contains the details for this

*one!/var/named/pz/127.0.0

);

*one "e2i2s%cc" { #9our *one name !domain name

notify no; # notify is used with master/slave DNS servers% Not

necessary for one DNS svr%

type master; # Specify this as a 86S-+ .,N

file "p*/e2i2s%cc"; #0ile that contains details for this *one

!/var/named/pz/e-i-s.cc

);

*one "$%::%$%in2addr%arpa" { #6gain2+everse ooup

type master; #6gain286S-+ .,N

file "p*/$%::%$"; #6gain2Details file%

!/var/named/pz/10.133.10

);----------------------------------------------

#otice the structure for each section of the file. *hen troubleshooting 8eep this inmind:

sectiontype {

optiontype setting;

optiontype setting;

optiontype setting;

);

#otice the use of a trailing 7.7 on hostnames. !n zone files3 the use of a trailing 7.7

is to signif1 that the address is the distinguished name. #ames without thetrailing7.7 are assumed to be relative names and will have the zone name addedto the end3 thus names in reverse-loo8up zones use the trailing 7. 7 ,! wouldH$% to have a machine named 7carp1.e-i-s.cc.6.6.>?E.in-addr.arpa7 (c8

/etc/reso!".conf#Standard Confi$&ration'----------------------------------------------Achange the domain info to fit 1ours. "on2t change the nameserver entr1

domain e2i2s%cc


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search subdomain%e2i2s%cc e2i2s%cc

;where subdomain%e2i2s%cc is the subdomain the DNS server is in

;and e2i2s%cc is your domain

nameserver $%::%$%:D 4N NS G%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS ?%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS @%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% >D 4N NS %+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS 8%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS 6%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS A%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS B%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS C%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS D%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS %+,,-2S+1+S%N-
http://linux-sxs.org/internet_serving/dns.html#common%23commonhttp://linux-sxs.org/internet_serving/dns.html#common%23common


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% >D 4N NS 4%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

% >D 4N NS 0%+,,-2S+1+S%N-

G%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 '%'%:>%E

?%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 d>h 4N 6 :%$%E%'

%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 d>h 4N 6 '$'%'%'(%::

6%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 d>h 4N 6 ':%'%&:

B%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 'd>h 4N 6 '%::%E%'

D%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 'h 4N 6 '%'$:%':$%$

4%+,,-2S+1+S%N-% &w>d>h 4N 6 '%:>%Ed>h 4N 6 '%&%&%'E----------------------------------------------

#otice that each line in the first section begins with a 7.7 $he rest ! have #& !"%about.

/"ar/named/,/0.1.1,Common2 ----------------------------------------------

;Defines the local *one%Change the various names to suit your networ

F 4N S,6 carpy%e2i2s%cc% netdude%e2i2s%cc% !

;Serial


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basic dns step by step guide in linux

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