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Basic Computer Networking

Bowling Green Independent SchoolsSchool Technology Specialist Training

3/3/2001

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Agenda for the DayIntroduction and overview of training objectivesK12 Guide to Networking and discussionWalking tour of BGHS MDF & IDF#2, questionsWalking tour of 11th St. MDF, questionsHands on computer networking at TPDC Computer labLab use of tutorial software: INTEL Guide to NetworkingWrap-up

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District GoalAssist schools to become self-sufficient with

technology planning, budgeting, acquisition, installation and setup of technology equipment, network administration, and user training so that the school can handle the day-to-day technology tasks within the building

STS backgrounds and knowledge levelsSchool differences

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Our School District Our school district is a collection of

schools and special facilities where instruction occurs on a daily basis.

We have nine schools, WCRJF, District Office, CCSU, JJC, KERA Pre-School

Each school is a collection of computers, instructional and admin software, network equipment which comprise the school local area network (LAN) which is a part of the district wide area network (WAN)

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What is a Computer Network?

Group of computers, printers, and other devices connected together with or without cables

Allows users to exchange documents and data with each other, print to the same printers, and to share all hardware and software resources connected to the network

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Example of a computer network

Sample network diagram – the types of equipment that you can expect to discover on a typical computer network

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The Need for SpeedBandwidth costs $$$.The more

users/applications that you have on the school network (and between networks) requires that you have greater bandwidth and faster switching capabilities

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Benefits of Computer Networks

Store and retrieve information across networksAllows use of different equipmentShare information by collaboratingCost effective resource sharing (printers,

CDROMs, email systems, networkable software, etc.)

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Computer network usage within BGISD

InstructionalClassroom and lab instructional softwareLibrary automationStudent home directoriesAR, AM, STARBreakThrough to Literacy, FastForwardNortel NetKnowledgeMIE Keyboarding

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Computer network usage within BGISD

AdministrativePupil attendance, scheduling, gradesCafeteria managementPersonnel admin, payroll, insuranceWeb servicesEmail and Internet proxy servicesFaculty/staff home directories

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Types of Computer Networks

Peer to PeerClient ServerCentralized

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Peer to Peer Computer Networks

A peer to peer network lacks a dedicated server and every computer acts as both a client and a server. This is a good networking solution when there are 10 or less users that are in close proximity to each other. A peer to peer network can be a security nightmare.

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Peer to Peer NetworksExample: Windows

networking (via Win95 or Win98/ME) setup in a small office or home setting

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Client Server Computer Networks

Type of network designed to support a large number of users and uses dedicated server(s). Clients log on to the server(s) in order to run applications or obtain files. Security and permissions can be managed by one or more administrators. A centralized NOS can provide a host of other services.

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Client Server NetworkExample: our Novell or

WinNT server computer networks within the schools

Allow simultaneous access to multiple users to multiple network resources

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Centralized Computer Networks

Most often seen in Unix environments, where the clients are “dumb terminals.” This means that the client may not have a floppy drive, hard disk or CDROM and all applications and processing occur on the server(s). Security is very high on this type of network.

Thin client networks connected to a Windows Transaction Server or Citrix server.

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Characteristics of Computer Networks

Topology Bus Star Ring Mesh

Media Access Control Method Ethernet – can be configured as bus or star Token Ring – physically configured as star ARCNet – physically configured as bus or star FDDI – can be configured as bus or star

Protocols – such as 802.2, 802.3, Ethernet_II, TCP/IP, NetBEUIArchitecture and physical layout

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Network TopologiesExamples of network

topologies

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Physical bus topology

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Distributed bus topology

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Physical star topology

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Distributed star topology

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Physical star-wired ring topology

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Components of computer networks

ServerServer NOS

Novell NetWareWin NT and Win2000AIXApple

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Components of computer networks

Server backup equipment and softwareHubsSwitchesMAUsRouters / GatewayCable Plant

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Components of computer networks

Terminal equipmentComputerComputer operating systemNICNOS client software

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Components of computer networks

Local area networksWide area networks

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

Typical NIC installed in classroom computer

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Network Adapters (NIC)NIC’s come in more than

one varietyThey are made in many

varieties for different types of equipment and for different media access control methods

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Common guided transmission media

Cable in many different forms is used as the media to connect computer networks

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Transmission MediaCable and wireless media

information

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OSI Seven Layer ModelStandards are very important

in computer networking.Standards were developed to

make sure that all parts work together – even when made by different manufacturers.

The OSI seven layer model is the standard for how data transactions are handled on a computer network

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OSI Seven Layer ModelAdditional information

about OSI model.

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OSI Seven Layer ModelExamples of normal

transactions as they move from the physical layer to the application layer

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BGISD Visio Network Diagrams

Novell NetWare Servers (Handouts)Win NT Servers (Handouts)Central Office File Servers (Handouts)

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Thin Ethernet network (physical bus, logical bus)

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10Base-T Ethernet network (physical star,

logical bus)

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Logical ring topology

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Switching

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Various networking hardware connected to form a simple network

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Internetworking through a bridge

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Internetworking two networks using different types of network adapters (MAC) in one NetWare server, by means of the

server's internal routers

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Internetworking two networks using the same type of network adapter (MAC) in one NetWare server, by means of the

server's internal routers

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Internetworking multiple networks using different types of network adapters (MAC) in two NetWare servers, by means

of internal and standalonerouters

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On 100Base-TX networks, the physical topology is a star and the logical topology is a bus. A broadcast signal travels to all

parts of the cable

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Host systems connected to a complex Multiserver NetWare network

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On 100VG-AnyLAN networks, both the physical and logical topologies are stars. The signal from one node goes to the

intelligent hub and is routed only to the correct destination node

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A simple server-based backbone connecting two

LAN segments

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Frame relay is a WAN technology that enables companies to connect LANs through a telecommunications carrier's network

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INTEL Guide to NetworkingA graphical interactive CAI Networking Tutorial

(597k)Install this program on your office or classroom

workstation for additional trainingDownload at: http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS

/Training/BCN/Intel.exe

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Further Readings Novell Documentation – NetWare 5.1 -

http://www.novell.com/documentation/lg/nw51/docui/index.html Computer Networking – Home Page -

http://compnetworking.about.com/compute/compnetworking/ Network Primer - http://www.pennteck.com/PDSICorp/LANPrimer/00Begin.htm Networking Guide Basic LAN Architecture -

http://www.zyxel.com/html/networkingguide/LAN/localareanetwork.html Washington State - K12 Guide to Networking – http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/k12-Guide-to-networking.pdf (view and

download) This PowerPoint presentation –

http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/BCN/BCN-STS.ppt (download) or http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/BCN/BCN-STS.htm (view)