basic chemistry review
DESCRIPTION
BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW. The _______________________ states that each energy level after the first can have up to eight electrons. Octet Rule. The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many electrons and protons EACH isotope has. . 8. 8. 8. 8. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BASIC CHEMISTRY
REVIEW
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Octet Rule
The _______________________ states that each energy level AFTER the first can have up to eight
electrons
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The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many electrons and protons EACH isotope has.
Isotope # ELECTRONS # PROTONS
O-17
O-18
8
8
8
8
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The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many neutrons EACH isotope has.
Isotope # ELECTRONS # PROTONS # NEUTRONS
O-17
O-18
8
8
8
8
9
10
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Energy level/electron cloud
Where are electrons located in an atom?
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Active site
What is represented with B?
B B
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Neutral
What is the charge of a neutron?
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pH of 1
Which would be considered a “stronger” acid, a pH of 1
or a pH of 6?
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pHtemperature
Name one factor than can affect enzymes.
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Coefficients
In a chemical equation, ___________________ represent the number of molecules that are
present.
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7
On the pH scale, what is considered NEUTRAL?
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Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
are called __________________.
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Atomic Number
The _______________________ represents the number of
protons and electrons that an atom contains.
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8
Most atoms need ___ number of electrons in their outer energy level to be
considered stable.
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Mass number
The number 23 in the following, sodium-23,
represents the __________.
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Ionic
A(n) ____________________ bond occurs when there is a transferring of
electrons between atoms.
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Base
Any substance that forms OH- (hydroxide ions) in water would
be considered a(n)__________.
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Nucleus
The center of an atom is called the
________________________.
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Ions
Charged atoms because they have gained or lost electron(s)
are called _______________.
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Mass Number
Isotopes are named by their ______________________
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pH of 12
Which would be considered a “stronger” base, a pH of
12 or a pH of 9?
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Surface TensionCreeps up thin tubes (capillary action)
Expands when freezes
List one example of how water is a unique substance
due to polarity.
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Nucleus
Where are neutrons located in an atom?
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1
How many C atoms are present in CH4 ?
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pH
How acidic or basic a substance is referred to as that substance’s ________.
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Acid
Any substance that forms H+ (hydrogen ions) in water would be considered a(n) __________.
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Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to
form products in a chemical reaction is called the ______
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CH4 + 2O2
List the reactants:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
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pH of 2
Which of the following would contain more H+
ions, pH of 2 or pH of 4?
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Lowers the activation energy so the reaction happens faster!
What affect does the enzyme have on the
chemical reaction below?Graph B
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substrate
What is the reactant called that binds to the enzyme?
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Positive
What is the charge of a proton?
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Covalent
________________ bonds occur when atoms of elements
are sharing electrons.
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Subscripts
In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of an element
are represented by ________________.
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2
When diagramming atoms, what is the maximum
number of electrons in the 1st energy level?
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Enzymes
What are special proteins that act as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions
in biological processes?
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CO2 + 2H2O
List the products:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
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Enzyme
What is represented with C?
B BC C C
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Law of Conservation of Matter
Chemical equations must be balanced due to the
___________________________________
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Compound
A substance that contains two or more elements that are
chemically combined is called a(n) _________________________.
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0-6.9
On the pH scale, where are acids located? (list the
number range)
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3
How many molecules of CH4 are present in 3CH4 ?
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Nucleus
Where are protons located in an atom?
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yields
What does the arrow represent in a chemical
equation?
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Polar
____________ refers to the unequal distribution of charge
of a molecule.
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Atom
A(n) _____________ is the smallest particle of an element that has
the characteristics of that element.
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element
A(n) _______________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means.
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An atom makes up an element
Elements can’t be broken down chemically
What is the difference between an atom and an
element?
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Products
What is represented with E?
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Electron cloud; negative
Where are electrons located and what is the charge of an electron?
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Mass Number
Protons + Neutrons = _________
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8-14
On the pH scale, where are bases located? (list the
number range)
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substrate
What is represented with A?
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2
Suppose an atom has 6 electrons in the outermost energy level,
how many more electrons would it need to be considered stable?
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Nuclear Symbol
Atomic Number
MassNumber
Number of Protons
Number ofNeutrons
Number of
Electrons
19 39
78 80
34 16
10 5
137 81
19 1920
78 78158
181616
5 55
56 56 56
K-39
Pt-158
S-34
B-10
Ba-137
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Draw a diagram of a sulfur atom (atomic number = 16,
mass number = 33)
16P17 N
2e-
8e-
6e-
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Active site
Name the specific location where a substrate binds on
an enzyme.
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negative
What charge does an electron have?
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CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Balance the following equation:CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O