bar chart present

8/7/2019 bar chart present

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INTRODUCTION OF

BAR CHART

A bar chart or bar graphis a chart with rectangular bars

with length proportional to the values that they represent.

Bar charts are used for comparing two or more values

that were taken over time or on different conditions,

usually on small data sets.

Sometimes a stretched graphic is used instead of a solid

bar. It is a visual display used to compare the amount orfrequency of occurrence of different characteristics of data

and it is used to compare groups of data.


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Bar charts are one of the many techniques

used to present data in a visual form so

that the reader may readily recognize

patterns or trends

A bar chart may be either horizontal or vertical. The

important point to note about bar graphs is their bar

length or heightthe greater their length or height,

the greater their value.


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The numbers on the x-axisof a bar graph or the y-axis

of a column graph arecalled the scale

The bars depictfrequencies of differentvalues of a variable or

simply the differentvalues themselves.


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When developing bar graphs,

draw a vertical or horizontalbar for each category or

value.

The height or length of the

bar will represent the numberof units or observations in

that category (frequency) or

simply the value of the

variable.

Select an arbitrary but

consistent width for each bar

as well.


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There are two types of bar

chart :

horizontal bar charts


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vertical bar chart


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We should keep the following guidelines in mind when creating our

own bar graphs:

Make bars and columns wider than the space between them.

Do not allow grid lines to pass through columns or bars.

Use a single font type on a graph. Try to maintain a consistent font

style from graph to graph in a single presentation or document.

Simple sans-serif fonts are preferable.

Order your shade pattern from darkest to lightest on stacked bar

graphs. Avoid garish colours or patterns.


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Show each data category in a frequency distribution

Display relative numbers or proportions of multiple categories

Summarize a large data set in visual form

Clarify trends better than do tables

Estimate key values at a glance

Permit a visual check of the accuracy and reasonableness of calculation

Be easily understood due to widespread use in business

Good communication tool. It is easy to prepare(minimal cost), easy to

update and good for small objects


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Require additional explanation

Use only with discrete data

Fail to reveal key assumptions, causes, effects, or patterns

Do not show relationships between activities

Limited help for project control

Graph categories can be reordered to emphasize certain effects

Be easily manipulated to yield false impressions


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Example 1Malaysia is one of the country that has so many attractions such as beautiful islands,

beaches and highlands. These beautiful places had attract so many local and foreign

visitors to come and explore the unique of our country. At the same time, tourist

arrivals also contribute to our country income. Tourism Malaysia had make the

statistics on the tourist arrivals and receipts to Malaysia along 2001-2008. The statistics

is in the table below:

Year Arrivals (Million) Receipts (RM Billion)

2001 12.7 24.2

2002 13.2 25.7

2003 10.5 21.2

2004 15.7 29.6

2005 16.4 31.9

2006 17.5 36.2

2007 20.9 46

2008 22 49.5


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Year


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Example 2

YEAR TOWN RURAL

AREA

TOWN RURAL

AREA

2003 84.7 83.0 64.7 37.5

2004 79.8 79.9 56.7 37.3

2005 78.8 78.0 59.9 40.1

2006 78.8 78.8 58.5 38.1

2007 78.2 77.8 58.6 39.2

2008 78.9 78.7 59.4 40.9

BAHASA MELAYU (%) BAHASA INGGERIS (%)


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bar chart present

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