BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

[BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP]GVHD:L PHM TN QUC

PHN 1 : TNG QUAN V CNG TY LIN DOANH PHM ASSET.1.1.GII THIU V CNG TY LIN DOANH PHM-ASSET 1.1.1.Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty lin doanh Phm - Asset

Tn ca cng ty: CNG TY LIN DOANH PHM ASSET a ch: L D4/1 ng 1B KCN Vnh Lc, qun Bnh Tn, Tp.HCM. Email: pham-asset@hcm.vnn.vn T: (08)37653284/37653285/37653286 Cng ty lin doanh Phm - Asset c thnh lp vo nm 2002, sau mt qu trnh nghin cu v pht trin sn phm Cng Ty Lin Doanh Phm Asset tng bc khng nh c nng lc sn xut cng nh uy tn, cht lng ca cc sn phm trn th trng. Cc dng sn phm nh bnh Snack, bnh xp, u phng, thch rau cu mang thng hiu JOJO v C ph ha tan Mirano ca Cng Ty Lin Doanh Phm Asset dn tr nn quen thuc v to c nhng du n tt p vi ngi tiu dng. Hin nay vi 4 dy chuyn cng ngh hin i khp kn ca Nht Bn, vi h thng bao gm 4 nh my trn c nc, mi nm cng ty cung cp v a ra th trng hng nghn tn sn phm cc loi. Bnh Snack JOJO vi nhiu loi hng v lm nc mi ngi tiu dng nh: g nng, mc, tm, khoai ty, ph mai,hay v c chua, rau ca qu thch hp cho ngi n chay. Snack JOJO s mang n cho ngi tiu dng nhng cm nhn mi m v mi v ca cc sn phm snack mang thng hiu Vit. cc sn phm khi n tay ngi tiu dng u m bo cht lng v an ton v sinh thc phm, Cng ty Phm Asset lun tun th nghim ngt cc tiu chun ca h thng qun l cht lng ISO 22000: 2005 t nguyn liu u vo cho n khu hon tt sn phm. Vi phng chm hot ng tt c v li ch khch hng cng ty khng ngng m rng quy m sn xut, a dng ha sn phm cc sn phm Snack, Bnh xp, u phng mang thng hiu JOJO v C ph ha tan MIRANO khng nhng c a thch ti th trng Vit Nam m cn chinh phc v vn ti cc th trng trong khu vc v trn th giiHnh 1. Tn thng hiu ca cng ty lin doanh Phm Asset

1.1.2 a im xy dng cng tyCng ty lin doanh Phm-Asset t ti l D4/1 ng 1B khu Cng Nghip Vnh Lc, qun Bnh Tn, Thnh Ph H Ch Minh.V tr: Vnh Lc (giai on 1): Phng Bnh Hng Ha B, Qun Bnh Tn, Tp. H Ch Minh (cch trung tm thnh ph 12 km).Vnh Lc (m rng): Huyn Bnh chnh, TP. H Ch Minh (cch trung tm thnh ph 12 km).Tng din tch ton khu cng nghip l 207 ha.y cn l ni thu ht nhiu ngnh cng nghip: Cng nghip c kh, cng nghip sn xut in gia dng, cng nghip sn xut vt liu xy dng, trang tr ni tht, cng nghip lp rp in t, in ton, in lnh,...Khu cng nghip Vnh Lc c u th v h tng: nhiu yu t thun li v a l, c s h tng cng nh cc th tc u t v u mi quan trng vi cc tnh min Ty, min ng Nam B... H tng tng i hon chnh bao gm:Giao thng: ng giao thng ni b hon chnh.H thng kho hi quan: c xy dng trn khun vin c din tch khong 17 ha, c thit k theo tiu chun hin i.H thng cp in: S dng in 3 pha, in lc Bnh Ph v Bnh Chnh.H thng cp v thot nc: H thng cp nc: Ngun nc ngm ca KCN Vnh Lc v c x l qua trung tm x l nc thi ca KCN. Cng sut 5.000 m3/ngy m. H thng thot nc: c thit k hon thin m bo s thot nc hanh, khng gy ngp ng. Nh my x l nc thi xy dng vi cng sut d kin 6.000 m3/ngy m.Thng tin lin lc: 2 nh u t VNN, SPT.Ngoi ra khu cng nghip cn cung cp cc dch v h tr nh: Hi quan, ngn hng, bo him, bu chnh vin thng, trung tm y t, bo v v trt t cng cng...Khu cng nghip hp tc vi cc cng ty xy dng, tin hnh xy dng cc khu nh gi thp cho cng nhn cho thu, to ni n an ton, n nh nhm thun li cho vic qun l, a n v s dng ngun lao ng ca cc cng ty.

S a ch cng ty Lin Doanh Phm-Asset.Hnh 2. S v tr t cng ty.

Cu vt Tn Thi HipCu vt An SngNg t B imNg t G MyNg t Tn Thi HipNg t An SngQuc l 1AQuc l 1AKCN Vnh Lc. Nguyn Th TCT PHM-ASSETL D4/1 ng s 1B, KCN Vnh Lc, qun Bnh Tn, TP.H Ch Minh.. L Trng tn

1.1.3 S tng mt bng cng ty lin doanh Phm Asset v mt bng phn xng chnh sn xut bnh snack

Hinh 3 . S tng mt bng cua Cng ty Lin doanh Pham Asset.

Hnh 4. S mt bng phn xng chnh

1.1.4. Phng hng san xut va phat trin cua cng tyS dng hp l v c hiu qu cc ngun vn. Thc hin bo tn v pht trin cc ngun vn, ti sn ca cng ty nhm em li hiu qu cao nht.M rng sn xut cc mt hng cao cp c gi tr kinh t cao p ng cc nhu cu xut khu v thu nhiu li nhun gp phn gia tng thu nhp quc dn, y mnh tc pht trin ca cng ty v m bo i sng ca cng nhn vin.Thay i my mc trang thit b hin i theo cng ngh tin tin nhm y mnh nng xut sn xut.Thng xuyn ci tin mu m, a dng ha sn phm, nng cao cht lng sn phm, to uy tn v sc cnh tranh vng mnh trn th trng trong v ngoi nc.M cc lp hun luyn v nghip v nng cao tay ngh cho cng nhn.Pht trin mi ngun hng, y mnh sn xut kinh doanh theo hng xut khu th trng trong v ngoi nc.T chc h thng cc i l v cc ca hng gii thiu sn phm ca cng ty nhm m rng th trng.T chc cac ai ly va cac ca hang gii thiu san phm cua cng ty nhm m rngt hi trng. Cac loai san phm mang thng hiu JOJO va MARINO c san xut trn quy trinh cng ngh hin ai cua Nht Ban va th gii, Vi quy m nha may rng ln va u t dy chuyn san xut hin ai am bao kha nng kim soat toan b quy trinh san xut nhm tao ra san phm cht lng cao va an toan thc phm va ngi tiu dung lun an tm. Tt ca cac ngun nguyn liu u vao cua cng ty u c kim tra cht lng nghim ngt nhm am bao cung cp ra thi trng nhng san phm at cht lng tt.1.1.5. H thng qun l ca cng ty

VS, Tp vQCPX. SnackPX. uBan c in, bo tr, ATL, PCCCHC-NSBo vNh n y tB Phn nghip vB phn kho hngTi chnhK tonB phn bn hngB phn R& D, makerting GIM C TI CHNHGIM CBN HNGGIM C KH & XNKGIM C HCNSK TON TRNGCH TCH HTVTNG GIM C Hnh 5. S t chc nh my

Chc nng, nhim v: Gim cL ngi trc tip ch o, qun l, iu hnh v chu trch nhim trc Hi ng thnh vin v mi hot ng kinh doanh, sn xut ca Cng ty theo ng chnh sch Nh nc vi s tham mu, h tr ca Ph Gim c v Trng ph cc phng ban, phn xngL ngi c quyn ln nht cng ty, ch o sn xut v thc hin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh trong cng ty, ch trng quyn hnh, k hp ng kinh t, hp tc lin doanh lin kt, c quyn t ch trong Cng ty trong vic thc hin xut nhp khu.C quyn thc hin cc phng ban theo nguyn tc quy nh chung v chu trch nhim vi quyt nh ca mnh.iu hnh hot ng ca cng ty theo ng iu l ca Cng ty, iu hnh cc phng ban lm vic c t chc v t hiu qu cao.Chu trch nhim ton b sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty.

Phng T chc hnh chnhTham mu cho gim c v vic t chc lc lng lao ng, tin lng, tham gia phi hp cng vi bo v bo co kp thi vi Giam c cng tc bo v v phng chy cha chy, t chc thc hin v mt cng tc hnh chnh qun tr nh: Qun tr nhn s, t chc cn b, tuyn dng nhn s, lp k hoch pht trin ngun nhn s v chu trch nhim trc Ban Gim c v nhn s. D bo, xc nh nhu cu v nhn s Lp k hoach tin lng, xy dng thang lng, bng lng v phn phi tin lng. T chc thc hin an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng, phng chng chy n. Hnh chnh: C chc nng tng hp tnh hnh t chc hnh chnh thc hin cng tc hnh chnh qun tr. ng thi gip ban Gim c thc hin cc ch chnh sch i vi ngi lao ng. Lao ng tin lng: Thc hin ch lao ng tin lng, theo di vic khen thng, k lut trong nh my, thc hin cc chnh sch i vi ngi lao ng. Phng K hoch v xut nhp khu Tham mu cho gim c thc hin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh theo ma v, qu, thng, nm. Gip Gim c trong vic t chc cng tc xut nhp khu hng ha. T chc kim tra my mc, bo qun hng ha vt t, thnh phm.Nhp khu Khai thc, m rng v tm kim cc ngun cung ng nguyn liu vt t ch yu ti nc ngoi.iu tit tin nhp nguyn liu, vt t p ng tin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh ca Nh my. Lp cc th tc nhp khu nguyn vt liu sao cho nhanh chng v t hiu qu nhanh nht.Xut Khu Thc hin cc nghip v cn thit lm th tc xut khu cc l hng theo hp ng v tin quy nh sao cho m bo ng thi hn giao hng. Lp nh mc nguyn ph liu khai bo hi quan. Thc hin tt c cc nghip v lin quan n xut khu. Phng iu hnh sn xut iu hnh mi hot ng t chc sn xut ca cng ty. Phn cng lao ng trong tng b phn sn xut mt cch hp l nht. T chc kim tra qu trnh sn xut ca Cng ty. Phn cng lao ng trong tng b phn sn xut mt cch hp l nht. T chc kim tra qu trnh sn xut, cht lng sn xut, nh mc k thut, ng dng ton b k thut vo qu trnh sn xut ca cng ty. Phng Ti chnh k ton Tham mu v qun l ti chnh, cc khon thu, chi. Thc hin k hoch ti chnh ca Cng ty. K ton: Phn nh qua s sch k ton cc thng tin v hot ng kinh doanh ti chnh. Ti chnh: Kim tra phn tch tnh hnh qun l s dng ti chnh ca nh my theo ng cc quy nh ca Nh nc v Cng ty. Cung cp cc thng tin gip Gim c ra nhng quyt nh hp l nhm m bo cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh c hiu qu. Qun l kho qu tin mt ca nh my. Phng QC Kim tra cht lng nguyn vt liu nhp vo. Kim tra cht lng ca thnh phm, bn thnh phm. Kim tra quy trnh ng gi ca sn phm. Phng Bn hng Giao k hoch sn lng v doanh thu ca Tng Gim c cho mi khu vc bn hng Gim st cc chng trnh bn hng ton quc v cc sn phm ca cng ty xut cc c hi tng doanh thu iu ng vn ti ph hp vi k hoch giao hng. Tip nhn cc n hng trong nc. Pht trin cc mc tiu bn hng, chin lc, qung co & khuyn mi. Ban c inChu trch nhim m bo my mc thit b n nh cho sn xut, an toan lao ng, PCCC xut ci tin my mc thit b nng cao nng sut lao ng

1.1.6. Mc tiu hot ng ca cng tyMc tiu ca cng ty lin doanh Phm Asset l khng nh uy tn thng hiu i vi khch hng.Cng ty lun c nh hng r rang ph hp vi tng giai on pht trin v khng ngng u t cc lnh vc.u t nghin cu v pht trin cc sn phm mi vi thng hiu bnh snack JOJO, u phng JOJO v c ph ha tan MIRANO, rau cu JOJO, bnh xp JOJO,.. nhm p ng nhu cu a dng ca khch hng.Khng ngng ci tin cc tiu chun cht lng, nhm m bo v an ton thc phm v p ng cc tiu chun ca h thng qun l cht lng ISO 22000:2005, tt c cc sn phm t cht lng v an ton sc khe ngi tiu dng.u t my mc, trang thit b hin i nhm gia tng sn lng sn xut, p ng tiu th ti th trng ni a v xut khu.Ch trng o to v hun luyn pht trin ngun nhn lc, xy dng chnh sch i ng thch hp, nhm thu ht lao ng gii, lnh ngh, khng ngng ci tin mi trng lm vic v phc li. 1.1.7. nh hng sn xut v pht trin ca cng tyCng ty khng ngng ci tin khoa hc k thut, o to cng nhn vin c trnh k thut chuyn mn hon thnh tt cng vic c giao v ngy cng nng cao cht lng sn phm, to ra cc mu m mi p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng v lun ng vng trn th trng. S dng hp l v c hiu qu cc ngun vn. Thc hin bo tn v pht trin cc ngun vn, ti sn ca cng ty nhm em li hiu qu cao nht. M rng sn xut cc mt hng cao cp c gi tr kinh t cao p ng cc nhu cu xut khu v thu nhiu li nhun gp phn gia tng thu nhp quc dn , y mnh tc pht trin ca cng ty v m bo i sng ca cng nhn vin. Thay i my mc trang thit b hin i theo cng ngh tin tin nhm y mnh nng xut sn xut. Thng xuyn ci tin mu m, a dng ha sn phm , nng cao cht lng sn phm, to uy tn v sc cnh tranh vng mnh trn th trng trong v ngoi nc. M cc lp hun luyn v nghip v nng cao tay ngh cho cng nhn. Pht trin mi ngun hng, y mnh sn xut kinh doanh theo hng xut khu th trng trong v ngoi nc. T chc h thng cc i l v cc ca hng gii thiu sn phm ca cng ty nhm m rng th trng.1.1.8.Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn phm ca cng tyCng ty hin nay mt mt ang duy tr sn xut cc sn phm sn c, mt mt ang nghin cu cho ra cc sn phm mi nh: u phng socola, Snack Mix Thp cm, p ng nhu cu, khu v ca mi ngi v lm a dng hn chng loi sn phm ca cng ty. T , cng ty s thu ht c nhiu khch hng hn.Sn phm ca cng ty c tiu th rng ri trong v ngoi nc. TP. H Ch Minh, H Ni, Nng, C Mau, Tin Giang, An Giangl nhng th trng tiu th sn phm nhiu nht ca cng ty. Bn cnh cng ty cn xut khu sang mt s nc nh Nht bn, Nga, Hn quc, i loan v mt s nc trong khu vc ng Nam Dng sn phm mang thng hiu JOJO tr nn quen thuc vi khch hng, cc nh phn phi v to c n tng tt i vi ngi tiu dng trong nc. Cc loi bnh Snack JOJO vi nhiu loi hng v nh: g nng, c chua, mc, khoai ty,to bin, tm, ph mai hnh, ,lun p ng nhu cu v khu v ngi tiu dng. u phng JOJO to c s tin dng i vi khch hng, c bit sn phm phi snack c khch hng nc ngoi nh gi cao.Phng chm hot ng lun to ra cc sn phm cht lng cao, nhm to c uy tn i vi tt c khch hng, Cng ty lin doanh Phm Asset khng ngng nng cp cng ngh sn xut v xy dng tiu chun cht lng ring cho mnh, m bo mi sn phm cung cp ra th trng t cht lng v an ton v sinh thc phm.Vi cng ngh v dy chuyn sn xut hin i ca Nht Bn, hng nm, cng ty cung cp ra th trng hn 10.000 tn sn phm cc loi. Trong nh hng pht trin kinh doanh, cng ty s tip tc m rng qui m sn xut lun pht trin nhng sn phm mi, p ng nhu cu v tnh tin li v sc khe ca ngi tiu dng ngy cng tng. Thng hiu JOJO v MIRANO s tr thnh s la chn u tin ca ngi tiu dng.Cc sn phm ca cng tyBng 1: Sn phm ca cng tySn phmPhn loi

Phi Snack (pellet)Cc loi

Bnh snackSnack g nng, tm, mc, c chua, pho mai hnh, khoai ty, tht nng, ming cay

u phngu phng da c v nc ct da, tht nng

Rau cuRau cu hng v tri cy bn ma, hng vi

C phC ph Mirano v m, v m hn

Bnh xp ngHng cam, vani, du, socola, phomai

Mt s hnh nh v cc sn phm ca cng tyHnh 6. Cc loi phi bnh snack

snack xon mt ongPhi snack mc

Phi snack que gPhi snack li g

Phi snack pho mai hnh Phi snack que tm

Hnh 7. Mt s sn phm bnh snack

1.1.9. H thng qun l cht lng ca cng tyCng ty lin doanh Phm Asset thc hin vic qun l cht lng theo tiu chun ISO 22000:2005Chnh sch cht lng v an ton thc phm: cng ty cam kt thc hin cc chnh sch sau y nhm nng cao s tha mn ca khch hng cng nh kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng trong v ngoi nc:+ Xy dng v duy tr ci tin cht lng thng xuyn h thng qun l an ton thc phm theo tiu chun ISO 22000: 2005.+ Cung cp n cc khch hng cc sn phm m bo cht lng v an ton thc phm vi gi c hp l.+ u t nh xng, thit b cng ngh nhm pht trin sn xut theo nhu cu th trng.+ o to nng cao trnh chuyn mn v thc cht lng v an ton thc phm cho tt c cn b cng nhn vin cng ty.Mc tiu cht lng v an ton thc phm:+ t c giy chng nhn ISO 22000:2005.+ m bo nguyn liu t yu cu v cht lng an ton thc phm trn 95% tng sn lng nguyn liu nhp vo.+ m bo thc hin o to v an ton thc phm trn 95% so vi k hoch ra.1.2.AN TON LAO NGCc qui nh v thao tc vn hnh, sa cha c quy nh c th ti mi thit b: 1. 2.1. My trn bt Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh C t nht ngi tr ln khi thao tc bn trong bn Khng a tay vo cc c cu ang chuyn ng. Khng t cn chnh, sa cha. Tt my v bo bo tr nu nghe ting ng l hoc thy c du hiu bt thng. Cng nhn khi vn hnh thit b phi eo khu trang. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.Lu : Khng bt k vt no vo t in 1.2.2. Ni nu Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh Khng a tay vo cc c cu ang chuyn ng. Khng t cn chnh, sa cha. Tt my v bo bo tr nu nghe ting ng l hoc thy c du hiu bt thng. Phi ng np inh, np y ca thit b trc khi tin hnh nu. Phi tt my trc khi m np inh v y y khi bt ra. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.Lu : Khng bt k vt no vo t in 1. 2.3. My cn bt Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh Khng c a tay vo trong l cn khi cn ang chy. Khng c a tay vo dao ct ra phi, phi tt my trc khi ly bt dnh vo dao ct. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.Lu : Khng bt k vt no vo t in 1. 2.4. Thit b sy s b Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh Nghim cm a tay vo thit b sy s b. Phi tt thit b sy trc khi a tay vo bt di phi cn. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in. 1. 2.5. My sy 1 - Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh my. - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c iu khin my hot ng. Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton Khng m cc cnh ca bn hng khi my ang vn hnh Khi my gp s c khng t sa cha, tt my v bo vi ngi c trch nhim. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in. 1. 2.6. My sy 2 - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c iu khin my hot ng. - Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton. - Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh my. - Khng a tay vo cc c cu ang chuyn ng. Khng t cn chnh, sa cha. Tt my bo tr nu nghe ting ku l v c du hit bt thng. - Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.Lu : Khng vt no trong t in. 1.2.7. Thit b rang tm - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c iu khin my hot ng. - Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton. - Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh my. - Kim tra cc mi ni ng gas, xem c b x gas khng. Kha gas v bo bo tr nu b x - Tuyt i khng b v tr khi ang sn xut. - Khng th tay vo khi my ang hot ng. - Khng cho ngi khng c trch nhim vo trong khu vc sn xut. - Khi c s c khng c t sa cha, tt my, thong bo cho ngi c trch nhim. - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c s dng my1.3. PHNG CHY CHA CHY (PCCC) 1. 3.1. Ni quy PCCC m bo ti sn nh nc, tnh mng v ti sn nhn dn, bo v sn xut v trt t chung. Nay quy nh v PCCC nh sau:iu 1: Vic PCCC l ngha v ca mi cng dn.iu 2: Mi cng dn phi tch cc phng khng nn chy xy ra, ng thi chun b sn sng v lc lng, phng tin khi cn cha chy kp thi v c hiu qu.iu 3: Phi thn trng trong vic dng la, cc ngun nhit, ha cht v cc cht d chy n, c hi, phng x. Trit tun th v cc quy nh PCCC.iu 4: Cm cu, mc, s dng ngun in ty tin, sau gi lm vic phi kim tra cc thit b tiu th in. Ch n n, qut, bp in trc lc ra v. Khng hng ha, vt t p st vo hng n, dy in, phi tun th nghim ngt v kim tra an ton trong s dng n.iu 5: Vt t, hng ha phi xp gn gng, m bo khong cch an ton PCCC to iu kin thun li cho vic bo v, kim tra v cu cha khi cn thit. Khng dng kha m np phuy xng v cc dung mi d chy bng st, thp.iu 6: Khi giao nhn hng, xe khng c n my trong kho, ni cha nhiu cht d chy v khi u phi hng u xe ra ngoi.iu 7: Trn cc li i li nht l li thot him khng c chng ngi vt.iu 8: n v hoc c nhn c thnh tch phng chy cha chy s c khen thng, ngi no vi phm cc quy nh trn ty trch nhim nng nh m b x l thi hnh k lut hnh chnh n truy t theo php lut hin hnh. 1.3.2. Tiu lnh cha chy.Bc 1: Khi xy ra chy phi bo ng gp.Bc 2: Cp cu dao in ni xy ra chy.Bc 3: Dng bnh cha chy, ct v nc dp chy.Bc 4: in thoi s 114 i cha chy chuyn nghip. 1.3.3. V tr t thit b PCCC ti khu vc sn xut bnh snackBn cnh ca vo khu vc sn xut, cnh ca vo kho lnh, cnh ca ra vo ni hi, trn phng nu, sau thit b sy 1.1.4. AN TON V SINH TI NH MY 1. 4.1. X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip X l ph phm v ph phm

Hnh 10. Cc cng on sinh ph phm, ph phm.

Bt bi kh, nhao,bt cha chinRu la btBt can khg ung chunRia phiPhi khng ung chunPhi sngPhi chayNguyn liuTrn btCan bt nhaoNuSy s bQun U Ct Sy 1U Sy 2Rang tmong goiThnh phmBao goi khngat yu cu

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+ Cng on nuBt kh, bt nho, bt cha chn: em nu li. Cng on cnRu l bt, l bt cn khng ng chun: gi l bt quay vng, c thm vo cng vi bt cng on nu nu li, khi lng cho vo khng qu: 4kg/m nu. Cng on ct Ra phi, phi ct khng ng chun: c em ngm trong nc n khi mm, sau c thm vo cng vi bt cng on nu nu li, khi lng cho vo khng qu: 4kg/m nu. Nu ra phi, phi ct khng ng chun cn li qu nhiu, khng nu li ht th c sy tht kh, sau xay thnh bt, bt ny gi l bt chm, b sung vo ni nu, nu li. Khi lng bt chm b sung vo khng qu 3kg/m nu. Cng on rang, tmPhi b sng, b chy, phi c kch thc khng ng chun c la ra v em bn cho c s chn nui. Cng on bao gi Nhng gi khng t yu cu c x b bao b, thu li phi bao gi li. Nhng phi , b nt s c thu gom, bn cho c s chn nui. Quy nh ph liu+ Khu vc bao b kh gm: Bao b snack. Bao b cho. Thng carton. Bao bt: Tinh bt, bt bp, Li giy: Phng gi.+ Khu vc nguyn liu kh gm: Bt qut sn: Trn, nu. Phi ch: Sn ph sy 1v sy 2, ph ct. Bt dng se kh: Bt nu, ct, cn, qun. Phi ch sau rang tm, phi ch phng gi.+ Khu vc bt t gm: Bt v sinh ng thng hi, ni nu. Bt ht mng my cn.+ Rc thiChi h, cy lau nh h, gi lauLu : Tt c bao b, thng carton phi c ct gn gng. Cc bao bt phi c ct li 20 ci 1bao. Bt kh, bnh ph ct li. Bt t vo x nha. 1.4.2. Quy nh v sinh c nhn v an ton thc phm Mc chNhm m bo v sinh an ton thc phm trong qu trnh ch bin bo qun, p ng cc yu cu lut nh v thng nht chun mc kim tra v sinh c nhn ti phn xng.i tng quy nh :Cng nhn sn xut Ni dung yu cu Cng nhn phi ra tay sch trc khi vo khu vc sn xut: Bc 1: Ra s b bng nc sch cho t c hai bn tay. Bc 2: Ly nc ra tay t bnh, bi ln hai bn tay. Bc 3: Ch ra k hai lng bn tay. Bc 4: Ch ra k hai mu bn tay. Bc 5: Ch ra cc ngn tay v cc k ngn tay. Bc 6: Ra hai bn tay bng nc sch. Bc 7: Sy kh hai bn tay bng my sy. Mc ng phc cng ty, eo khu trang,i nn ng quy nh. u tc gn gng, mng tay ct ngn. Khng eo ng h, n trang. Khng n qu vt, khc nh, ngm tm, a gin trong khu vc sn xut.

Gim st thc hin+ Mc ng phc cng ty, eo khu trang,i nn ng quy nh. u tc gn gng, mng tay ct ngn. Khng eo ng h, n trang.+ Gi gn sch s v sinh c nhn trc khi vo cng xng kim tra.+ Nhn vin k thut c nhim v kim tra v sinh an ton thc phm ti cc cng on sn xut theo ng ch tiu, tn sut quy nh1.4.3 Quy nh v sinh my mc thit bBng 2. Quy nh v sinh my mc thit bSTTTn thit bQuy nh v sinhTn sut

1My trn bt.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- Dng hi kh thi bi trong thit b ra ngoi. Dng chi qut sch thit b v khu vc xung quanh. Dng khn t lau sch bn trong v xung quanh thit b.- Tho mt s b phn cn thit ca my, lau ra sch bng nc hoc cn (700C).

- Vo u v cui ca sn xut.

- 1 ln/tun.

2Ni nu.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- Dng hi kh, chi qut, khn t v sinh hai u trc bn trong, bn ngoi, mng hng bt en, mng trt.- Dng nc lau ra sch cc bn ngm bt ra, bt chm.- V sinh cc hc cha bt sau ni nu.- V sinh ng thot hi.- Tho mt s b phn cn thit ca my, lau ra sch bng nc hoc cn (70%).- 4h/ln.

- 1 m/ln.

- 2h/ln.- 8h/ln.- 1 tun/ln.

3My cn bt.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- Dng hi xt bi, bt bm dnh trn my v thnh my, phu hng bt, sau dng khn t lau sch. Lau chi cc l cn.- Tho mt s b phn cn thit ca my, lau ra sch bng nc hoc cn.

-Sau mi ln thay trc cn.

- 1 tun/ln.

4My ct- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- Lau chi cc dao ct v bi bm trn cc chi tit my.

- 1ca/ ln.

5Thit b sy s b.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- Dng hi xt bi, bt dnh trn b mt bng ti. Dng chi qut li, ri dng khn t lau sch.- V sinh b trao i nhit theo lch. (hng dn bo tr d phng).

- 1 tun/ln.

6My sy 1.- Cho my chy khng ti mt thi gian ngn m bo khng cn phi trong my, trnh s ln ln gia cc loi phi khi vn hnh my tip theo.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- V sinh xung quanh my bng chi, hi xt, khn t.- 1 m/ln.

- 8h/ln.

7My sy 2.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- V sinh cc bi v phi bm trn thnh my, bn trong my v khu vc sn xut.

- 1 m/ln.

8Thit b rang.- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in.- V sinh pha trong bung my bng cch m ca kim tra v lau chi bn trong.- V sinh xung quanh my.

- 4h/ln.

1.4.4. H thng x l nc thi ca nh my Cc my mc v thit b ca h thngBng 3. Bng lit k my v thit b ca h thng.STTTn my hoc thit bQuy cchS lngGhi ch

1Bn phn ngV = 10m304Hiu kh

2Bm nc thiQ = 5m3/hN = 0.75KW04Bm chm

3My thi khQ = 5m3/h04-

4H thng ng ng dn kh, nc thi v cc van lin quan---

5H thng iu khin v dy-01-

6Song chn rc---

S cu to h thng x l nc thiHnh 12. S h thng x l nc thi.

Ch thch: 1,2,3 H cha nc trc khi x l7 Bm nc thi4 - Nc thi8 Li v nc thi5 Bn sinh hc9 Van x 6 My kh nn10 p ngn nc Nguyn l hot ngy l h thng x l nc thi bng phng php ln men hiu kh hot ng tng m ni tip (SBR). S dng ch phm vi sinh B560 HV ca cng ty Bio Sytem International Inc. (USA).Nc thi ca nh my i theo ng ng (8), b p (10) ngn li, do s chy vo cc h (1), (2), (3). Cc h cha nc thi (1), (2), (3) c xy ngm di mt t v c thng vi nhau. Bm (7) s bm nc thi t h (1) ln bn x l nc thi. Bn x l nc thi l mt bn hnh tr, bn trong c cy sn mt lng ch phm vi sinh B560 HV. My nn kh (6) to ra kh nn sc vo bn x l nc thi, to ra mt mi trng hiu kh trong thi gian t, sau khi x l xong, lng nc. Ch phm vi sinh s lng xung y bn, nc thi x l s c tho ra qua van (9). Quy trnh vn hnhKim tra- Ngun in cung cp. - Tnh trng ca bn phn ng, ng ng dn kh, nc ( kn, van, ). - Song chn rc ( thng thong). - Tnh trng hot ng ca my bm, my thi kh ( rung, ting n ca bc n, nht ca my thi kh). - Cht lng nc thi t cng on nu (nu cha phi nhiu, bt hoc du nht phi bo ngay cho qun c phn xng Pallet). Vn hnh - Bm nc thi t h gas vo bn phn ng theo tng t (ty thuc vo lng nc thi ra t cng on nu). - My thi kh hot ng t 2h 3h t ng tt 30 pht sau li tip tc chy vi chu trnh trn. Tuyt i khng c tt my thi kh bng tay. - Nu h thng v men vi sinh hot ng n nh, ty thuc vo cht lng nc thi trong bn phn ng, theo cm quan nu thy nc chuyn sang mu nu vng (nc thi mi bm vo c mu trng c) ly mu nc lng, quan st nu thy phn nc bn trn tng i trong, bn hot tnh lng di c mu vng th c th tt my thi kh, lng bn khong 1h v m van x b phn nc pha trn bn phn ng ra ngoi. - Sau kha van x, tip tc bm nc vo, m my thi kh, bt u li quy trnh. - Theo thi gian, lng bn hot tnh (sinh khi) trong bn phn ng c th tng ln v mt khi lng. Trong , c mt phn b thoi ha, cn phi x b bt v thm men mi vo. Ty thuc vo lng nc thi thc t m iu chnh cc thng s cho ph hp: Thi gian ca chu trnh x l. Lng x b sinh khi nh k. Khi lng men cn thm vo. - Lch vn hnh thc t: Theo thc t, thi gian x l 1 m: 10h. Thi gian lng: 1h. Thi gian x nc: 1h. S m x l trong 1 ngy: 2 m. 1.4.5. Ch phm vi sinh s dngNh my s dng ch phm vi sinh B560 HV ca cng ty Bio System International Inc.(USA). Sn phm vi sinh ny bao gm h vi sinh vt ( hn 14 chng vi sinh) c chn lc, lm cho thch nghi v c tc nhn sinh khi ln , c bit thch nghi cao cho mc ch x l nc thi ngnh thc phm. Li ch ca B560 Gip thit lp h vi sinh trong h thng mi. Nng cao cht lng nc thi u ra, tng hiu qu x l cho h thng. Gim mi v ngn to bt. Gim BOD, COD, TSS. Tng hiu qu lng, gim nh hng ca h thng khi b qu ti v b sc ca cht thi. Gim pht sinh bn. Gim chi ph tiu th ha cht. Ngn cn hnh thnh cc filaments cc vi khun hnh si, l nguyn nhn gy ni bt, ni bn trong h thng. Liu lng s dng Giai on nui cy ban u (20 ngy):Cy cho b hiu kh, s dng B560 HV (Q = 5m3/day, COD = 500mg/l), kh mi v gim COD, BOD, TSS) Tng lng vi sinh s dng cho b hiu kh trong 20 ngy u nui cy l 0.3 kg BOD Giai on duy tr h thng ( ngy 21 tr i):B560 HV = 5gr/dayB sung N v P l rt cn thit m bo t l C:N:P = 100:10:1.

PHN 2: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU V SN PHM2.1.CC NGUN NGUYN LIU CA CNG TYBng 4: Cc ngun nguyn liu ca cng ty

STTTn nguyn liuNh cung cpQuy cch ng gi

1Bt mTh c40kg

2Tinh bt snMiwon50kg

3Bt bpFriendship Thi Lan

4Bt ngtMiwon25kg

5Muing Hi50kg

6Bt niMauri La Ng20kg

7Du Olein tinh luynTng AnXe bn

8ShorteningTng AnThng 25kg

9SeasoningVina AromaThng 20kg

10Ti PP 65x90Dng Minh Li-

2.1.1.Bt m Khi nimBt m l sn phm c ch bin t ht la m thng thng Triticum aestivum L., hoc t la m club, Triticum compactum Host., hoc hn hp ca chng bng cch xay hoc nghin m trong qu trnh ny phi v v cm c tch ra v phn cn li c nghin ti mn thch hp.Cc thnh phn ca bt m gm c:glucid,tinh bt,dextrin, pentozan, cellulose v hemicellulose, protein, lipid, vitamin, enzyme Phn loiCc loi bt bnh m c gi theo th loi bt "trng", hay bt "nu" ty vo lngglutencao hay thp, ty vo mu sc ca bt v gi l bt cng hay mm ty vo lng v tnh cht gluten ca bt. Bt m hin nay c lm t nhiu loi bt c nghin trn t nhiu loi la khc nhau.Bt m lm bnh m (Bread), gluten cao hn v khe hn, lm cho bnh n khe, gi c hnh dng ca bnh sau khi nng. Bt m lm bnh kem xp (cake hay gateaux) c gluten t hn. Bt lm bnh ngt (pastry) c gluten cao hn bnh kem xp cht t, v thp hn bt lm bnh m.Cc loi bt m ch yu sau (phn theo cng dng): Bt bnh m, hay bt m thng thng. Bt bnh ngt (pastry). Bt bnh gato hay bnh kem (cake, gateaux). Bt m a dng (all-purpose): C lng gluten cao, thch hp lm hu ht cc loi bnh, trong gia nh. Bt m lm bnh bao: Loi bt trng, c xay t phn li ca ht la m. Bt m Durum: Lm cc loi mSpagetti... c lm t loi la m rt cng (Durum), c gluten cao nht. 2.1.1.1. GlucidChim t 70 90% cht kh ca bt m trong tinh bt chim khong 80% gluxit bt m. Ngoi ra trong thnh phn gluxit bt m cn c cha cc hp cht khc nh dextrin, pentozan, cellulose, hemicellulose. 2. 1.1.2. Tinh btL thnh phn quan trng nht ca bt m, c nh hng ln n cht lng ca bt nho sau ny. Tinh bt la m c cu trc dng ht trn, vi kch thc ht t 5 50 m. Tinh bt gm hai cu t l amylose v amylopectin. ln v nguyn ca ht tinh bt c nh hng n tnh rn chc, kh nng ht nc v hm lng ng trong bt nho. 2.1.1.3. ProteinTy vo ging, iu kin trng trt, thu hoch m hm lng protein trong bt m chim t 8 25% cht kh.S phn b protein gia cc phn khc nhau ca ht cng khc nhau.Bng 5 : Hm lng protein ca mt s ging la mLoi la mHm lng protein, %

HRS(M)DurumPlate (Argentina)CWRS (Manitoba)HRW(M)NgacAnhCc nc chu u khcSRW (M)11,5 - 1810 - 16,510 - 169 - 189 - 14,59 - 14,58 - 13,58 - 138 - 11,58 11

Ta c th phn loi protein trong bt m thnh 4 phn:- Albumin: + Chim khong 5,7 11% protid bt m.+ Tan trong nc, b kt ta nng mui (NH4)2SO4 kh cao.- Globulin:+ Chim khong 5,7 10,8% protit bt m.+ Tan rt t trong nc, tan trong dung dch mui trung ho long ( NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4).- Prolamin (Gliadin):+ Chim khong 40 50% protid bt m.+ Khng tan trong nc v dung dch mui long, ch tan trong dung dch ethanol hay iso propanol 70 80%.+ Gliadin c trng cho co dn ca bt nho. Cc gliadin ca la m thng dng n chui. Gliadin c tnh a hnh rt ln.- Glutelin (glutenin):+ Chim khong 34 55% protid bt m.+ Ch tan trong dung dch kim hoc axit long.+ Glutenin c cu trc bc 4 phc tp, c trng cho n hi ca bt nho v khi ngm nc c kh nng to khun hay mng mng chc, n hi, c tnh c kt cao v chu c ko cng.+ Do glutenin c tnh a bo b mt cao v c kh nng lin hp vi cc hp phn lipid nn to ra mng mng khng thm i vi kh CO2.Protein bt m c cc tnh cht cng ngh sau:- L cht to hnh, to b khung, hnh dng, trng thi, cng, c, dai v n hi cho sn phm thc phm.- C kh nng to gel cho sn phm.- To bt nho (paste) c tnh c kt, do v gi kh khi gia nhit to cu trc xp cho sn phm thc phm.- C kh nng to mng, nh ha, lm bn bt.- C nh mi v protein c th hp th vt l hoc ha hc cc cht mi qua tng tc Van der Waals hoc qua lin kt ng ha tr, lin kt tnh in. 2.1.1.4. LipidLipid chim khong 2 - 3% bt m vi thnh phn gm: - Cht bo trung tnh (chim khong ). - Cc phosphatide, sterine.- Cc sc t v cc vitamin tan trong bo. Cht bo ny gip cho khung gluten n hi hn. Trong qu trnh bo qun, cc lipid c th b thy phn to ra cc acid bo lm tng chua ca bt. Mt khc, cc acid bo cng c th b oxy ha lm bt c mi kh chu. Bng 6 : Bng phn b lipid trong bt m

Dng lipidHm lng (%)Dung mi dng trch ly

Lipid lin kt vi tinh bt0,38 - 0,72Butanol bo ha nc 90 - 100oC

Lipid khng lin kt vi tinh bt1,12 - 1,18Butanol bo ha nc nhit phng

Lipid t do Lipid kt hp0,60 - 1,000,52 - 0,88Petrolium-etherButanol bo ha nc

2.1.1.5. Vitamin Cht khong trong ht la m c vo khong t 1,5 - 2,6% Chng c phn b khng ng u trong cc phn ca ht. V v phi ht cha nhiu cht khong hn c v nhiu nht l P, Ca v K.

Bng 7: Hm lng cc nguyn t khong c trong ht la mNguyn tHm lng (%)

KNaAlCaMgFePSCuSiCl221,8 - 41,10,8 - 9,1-3,8 - 9,27,8 - 16,30,1 - 0,639,2 - 57,70,1 - 0,590,020,6 - 5,90,4 - 3,5

2.1.2. Tinh bt khoai mTinh bt cng l thnh phn quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut bnh. Cng thc ha hc l (C6H10O5)n - mt polysacarit carbohydrates cha hn hp amylose v amylopectin. Amylaza cho mu xanh vi Iot, d ha tan vi nc nng v to nn dung dch c nht khng cao.Amylopectin cho mu tm vi Iot, ch ha tan khi un nng v to nn dung dch c nht cao. ln v nguyn ca ht tinh bt c nh hng n tnh rn chc, kh nng ht nc v hm lng ng trong bt nho, ht tinh bt nh v tinh bt v s b ng ha nhanh hn trong qu trnh sn xut.Tinh bt mang li cho thc phm cc c tnh v mt cu trc nh nhng thay i trong v sau khi nu. Cc tnh cht quan trng ca tinh bt nh hng ln n cu trc thc phm: 2.1.2.1. Kh nng hp th nc v s h ha tinh btKhi ha tan tinh bt vo nc, u tin cc phn t nc s thm nhp vo gia cc phn t tinh bt c kch thc ln v tng tc vi cc nhm hot ng ca tinh bt, to ra lp v nc v lm cho mt xch no ca phn t b yu i. Kt qu, phn t tinh bt b x dch, ro ri trng ln. Qa trnh trng ny xy ra khng hn ch s lm bung cc phn t tinh bt v h chuyn thnh dng dung dch. 2.1.2.2. Kh nng to si Tinh bt cng c kh nng to si, tnh cht ny ng dng sn xut cc sn phm dng si, cc sn phm dng si cn c bn, dai tt. 2.1.2.3. Kh nng phng nKhi chin rn tinh bt trong cht bo nhit cao, cht bo c xu hng t tp li vi nhau do tng tc k nc v c kh nng xuyn thm qua cc vt liu gluxit nh tinh bt, cellulose,Nhit cng lm tinh bt h ha v chn. Phn khng kh trong cc khi bt khng thm c qua cc lp mng tinh bt c tm bo- s gin n v lm phng n khi tinh bt. y l c s sn xut cc sn phm cn c phng n tt 2. 1.2.4. Kh nng to mngGing nh cc hp cht cao phn t khc, tinh bt c kh mng to mng tt. to mng, cc phn t tinh bt s dn phng ra, sp xp li v tng tc trc tip vi nhau nh cc lien kt hydro v/ hoc gin tip thng qua cc phn t nc. 2.1.2.5. Kh nng to gel v thoi ha h tinh bta. S hnh thnh gel h tinh btKhi ngui h tinh bt th cc phn t s tng tc vi nhau v sp xp li mt cch c trt t to thnh gel tinh bt.Tinh bt bt cn c kh nng ng to gel vi protein, nh tng tc ny m kh nng gi nc, cng v n hi ca gel protein c tt hn.V tinh bt cha c amylose v amylopectin nn trong gel tinh bt c c vng kt tinh v vng v nh hnh. Tham gia vo vng kt tinh c cc phn t amylase v cc on mch ngn ca amylopectin kt dnh vi nhau. Cu trc nhiu nhnh ca amylopectin s cn tr s gin phng v s kt tinh. Vng kt tinh va nm trong cc ht trng va nm trong dung dch s to bn v n hi cho gel; cn phn ca cc i phn t amylose v amylopectin ni vo phn kt tinh nhng nm trong phn v nh hnh s to cho gel mt p sut nht nh khng b ph hy.b. S thoi ha gel tinh btKhi mt thi gian di, cc gel tinh bt s co li v tch nc. Hin tng gi l s thoi ha. 2.1.3. Bt bpBt bp gip to cu trc dai v mi thm cho bnh bn cnh bt bp cng cha nhiu gi tr dinh dng gp phn tng dinh dng cho bnh. Bp c hm lng amylose cao thch hp to ra sn phm bnh snack c cng v gin, n t. Nu mun sn phm n tt nn chn ging bp c hm lng amylopectin cao. 2.1.4. ngng c tc dng to thm v ngt cho bnh. Ngoi ra ng gip cho qu trnh ln men giai on u khi m bn thn ca amylaza cha kp phn hy tinh bt thnh ng saccaroz (C12H22O11). 2.1.5. MuiThnh phn chnh ca mui n l NaCl chim 99.95%. Ngoi ra, trong mui cn c nc, MgSO4, MgCl2, KCl, CaSO4 v mt s cht khng tan nh ct, bnC th trn vo mui n mt vi cht nh: MgCO3, Mg(OH)2.nH2O, MgO chng hin tng mui n b vn cc, kt tng.Vai tr ca mui:Mui thc hin ch yu trong chc nng nho bt, lm cho kh nng kt dnh ca Gluten cht hn trong qu trnh nho bt, gi nng ca Gluten, lm tng kh nng ht nc ca bt, ngn chn hiu lc hot ng ca enzyme trong lc ch bin. Thnh phn ca mui cao lm gim tc ca s mt nc trn b mt tm bt, ng thi lm tng cng s di chuyn ca nc t bn trong ra ngoi. Nh vy, hm lng mui s quyt nh nhit v m ca sn phm. 2.1.6. Bt ngtBt ngt l mui mono natri ca axit L-glutamic c lm t khoai m v mt r ng, thng gp di dng bt hoc tinh th mu trng ngm mt phn t nc. C vai tr l cht iu v cho sn phm.Cng thc ha hc ca bt ngt: HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONa Khi trung ha axit glutamic chuyn thnh glutamat natri kt tinh c v ngt du trong nc, gn ging vi v ca tht nh m sn phm hp dn hn.Tuy nhin, khng c s dng bt ngt qu liu lng cho php10g/kg nguyn liu cho vo sn xut. 2.1.7. Bt nBt n c dng lm tng trng n ca sn phm, gim khi lng ca nguyn liu.Thng dng hai loi bt n l: Natrihydrocacbonat (NaHCO3) hoc amonicacbonat (NH4)2CO3.Natrihidrocacbonat c dng mu bt trng, khng mi, tan trong nc.Khi nhit cao th hidrocacbonat s b phn hy:2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2OTrong c khong 50% kh CO2 sinh ra lm cho bnh phng n.Amonicacbonat l tinh th mu trng c mi amoniac, ha tan trong nc nhit cao chng s b phn hy theo phng trnh.(NH4)2CO3 = 2NH3 + CO3 + H2O 2.1.8. Du thc vtDu thc vt dng chin bnh, lm cho bnh chn, c v bo, thm ngon hn v d thm gia v hn.Trong sn xut cng ty thng s dng du Olein v du ny c im khc hn du khc l khng c mi nn khng gy nh hng ti mi v ca bnh, hm lng axit t do thp, im chy trt thp, c nhiu sinh t A.Du thc vt c cu to t glycerin v axit bo. Acid bo ch yu l acid Oleic chim t l cao nht 34,8 49,5%. Cng thc phn t ca acid Oleic: C17H33COOH.Cng thc cu to ca acid Oleic: CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOHNgoi ra, trong du thc vt cn chim mt lng nh cc cht nh: phosphatid, sp, cht nha, cht gy mi, cc sinh t, steroid...Phosphatid: L nhng hp cht glycerin phc tp, trong c gc axit phosphoric v baz nit. Hm lng phosphatid c thu hi bng phng php hydrat ha, phosphatid c ng dng trong cc sn phm dng nh tng, ch bin bnh ko.Steroid: L nhng ru cao phn t c cu to phc tp v phn b rng ri trong t nhin. Trong du thc vt, steroid tn ti dng phitosterol.Cc cht to mu: Du thc vt c mu sc l do s tn ti ca mt s cht mu c tnh tan trong du, cht ph bin l carotenoid. Chng gm c 60 70 mu khc nhau t vng sng n thm. Ngoi ra, cn c mt s hp cht gy mu khc nh mu en do hp cht nha, hp cht Gosipol.Cc sinh t: Du m c cha mt s sinh t quan trng tan trong du nh: A, D, E... 2.1.9. SeasoningSeasoning (gia v) l thnh phn khng th thiu trong nguyn liu sn xut bnh.N quyt nh hng v ca bnh, to cm gic ngon ming, tng cng gi tr dinh dng. Ty vo tng loi bnh m nh sn xut dng cc loi seasoning khc nhau.Trong sn xut bnh snack que tm ngi ta s dng bt tm v bt hnh.Trong seasoning c cha rt nhiu cht: Cht bo nh: bt ph mai, bt cream, bt b C gia v: bt hnh, bt ti Cy gia v: bt tiu, bt t, bt m tc Hng v tng hp: cc cht to mi v nh cy hay c gia v hay mi sa. Cht kch thch hng v: Cc cht c bn nh mononatri glutamate, dinatriinosinate, dinatri guanylate.- Cht to ngt: ng tinh luyn, bt ngt, dextrose, fructose - Acid: acid citric, acid lactic, acid malic, acid acetic. 2.1.10. NcChc nng quan trng nht l s hy hp, lm do gluten hnh thnh trong giai on nho bt, s cn xng ca nc vi bt nho nh hng rt ln n cht lng bnh sau ny. Nu t nc bt s kh, cn tm s khng u, khi ct d b gy. Cn nhiu nc qu bt d b dnh t, kh ct, tn thi gian v nhit lng sy phi.Trong nc c ti hn 100 nguyn t ha hc v rt nhiu hp cht v c v hu c khc. bnh t c cht lng cao nh mong mun th nc a vo sn xut phi m bo sch, khng ln cc cht gy nh hng ti cht lung ca bnh. c bit l nc phi loi b cng, cng ca nuc < 7-9 mg/l, cc cht khong phn hy trong nc nh: st, canxi, magi, ng, nhm..xut hin s gy nn s hydrat ha tht thng ca bt m. Mt khc ion st v ng hot ng nh cht xc tc lm i v xut hin cc mu sc khng mong mun cho sn phm.2.2. IU KIN VN CHUYN NGUYN LIUNguyn liu c vn chuyn bng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: tu xe, tu bnhng phi m bo an ton cho nguyn liu.Cc phng tin phi sch s v c mi che.Trc khi xp nguyn liu ln xe cn phi v sinh sch s.Khng c vn chuyn nguyn liu trn nhng phng tin bn hoc trc mi cha hng ha c mi c bit, c tnh c hi.Cht hng ln phng tin vn chuyn phi nh nhng, khng nn qu mc ln nhau.2.3. LU KHO BO QUN NGUYN LIU.Nguyn liu trc khi lu kho cn phi kim tra v cc thng s ha l, ha hc, sinh hc, cc ch s v tnh cm quan cho nguyn liu.Nguyn liu phi c chia theo nhm, loi v c sp xp ln pallet v lu vo kho.Kho phi m bo sch s, khng dt(phi t yu cu v kho).Nguyn liu phi c bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt, sch s. Trong qu trnh bo qun phi thng xuyn kim tra nguyn liu trnh s xm nhp ca cn trng, su mt. Mi loi nguyn liu phi bo qun mi ni khc nhau. Ring seasoning th phi bo qun trong kho lnh. 2.4. TIU CHUN CHT LNG NGUYN LIU. 2.4.1. Bt m: Theo TCVN 4359Bng 8 : Tiu chun cht lng ca bt mSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scTrng hoc trng ng

2MiKhng mc, khng c mi l

3VKhng chua ng, khng c v l

4Tp cht v cKhng c sn

5Su mtKhng c

6 m 13,5%

7 mnKhng vn cc

8Hm lng gluten t 30%

9 acid0,75% (theo trng lng kh)

10Tp cht Fe 3,5%

11Protein8 11%

12Lipid1,4%

13Tro0,7%

14Glucid70,3%

15Cellulose0,3%

2. 4.2. ngBng 9 : Tiu chun cht lng ca ngSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1 Pol 99,8%

2ng kh 0,04%

3Tro dn in 0,03%

4 mu 70IUo

2.4.3. Tinh btBng 10 : Tiu chun cht lng tinh btSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scTrng

2MiThm c trng, khng c mi mc l, khng c mi chua

3VKhng chua ng, khng c v l

4Tp cht v cKhng c sn

5Su mtKhng c

6 m 14%

7 mnKhng vn cc

8Hm lng gluten t 30%

9 chua 30ml NaOH 0,1N/100g bt

2.4.4. MuiBng 11 : Tiu chun cht lng ca muiSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scTrng

2Tp chtKhng c

3 tinh khit 99,9%

4m 0,15%

5Ca (ppm) 15 ppm

6Mg (ppm) 1 ppm

7SO42- (ppm) 200 ppm

8K4Fe(CN)6 (ppm) 10 ppm

9Ion Fe (ppm) 5 ppm

2.4.5. Bt niBng 12: Tiu chun cht lng bt niSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scTrng

2Mi vSn phm thm, mm xp

3Trng thiNhuyn mn, khng vn cc

4Tp chtKhng c sn, ct

5Su mtKhng c c

6m 15%

7CO2 15%

8pH6,8 7,0

9E.coli CFU/gKhng pht hin

10Coliform CFU/gKhng pht hin

2.4.6. Bt ngtBng 13: Tiu chun cht lng bt ngtSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scTinh th khng mu hoc mu trng

2Tp chtKhng c

3 tinh khit 99%

4m 0,20%

5Coliform MPN/gKhng pht hin

6Cl- 0,20%

7pH 6,8 7,2

8Kim loi nng (As, Pb) 10 ppm

9As2O3 2 ppm

2.4.7. Du Olein tinh luynBng 14: Tiu chun cht lng du Olein tinh luynSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scTinh th khng mu hoc mu trng

2Tp chtKhng c

3 tinh khit 99%

4m 0,20%

5Coliform MPN/gKhng pht hin

6Cl- 0,20%

7pH 6,8 7,2

8Kim loi nng (As, Pb) 10 ppm

9As2O3 2 ppm

2.4.8. ShorteningBng 15: Tiu chun cht lng ca Shortening

STTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Cm quanTrng c, b mt lng bng, khng mi hoc mu c trng ca du, khng b gt du hay b hi

2Ch s acid< 0,5 (0,2 0,3mg KOH/g mu)

3Tro dn in< 0,1 (ml NaS2O3 0,002N/g mu)

4 mu40 50oC

5Tp chtKhng c tp cht

2.4.9. Seasoning

Bng 16: Tiu chun cht lng ca SeasoningSTTTn ch tiuYu cu

1Mu scMu vng sng, khng vn c

2Hng vKhng c mi hi kht, mi l

3Trng thiDng lng

4Tp cht 0,10%

5Seosoning v thtmMui (NaCl)E.coli CFU/gColiform CFU/g 7,0%17,0 19,0%Khng pht hin 10%

6Seasoning v hi snmMui (NaCl)E.coli CFU/gColiform CFU/g 6,0%19,5 23,5%Khng pht hin 10

2.5.TM HIU V BNH SNACK. 2.5.1.nh ngha Snack v lch s pht trin bnh snacka. nh ngha SnackSnack l tn gi cc loi thc phm c n gia cc ba n chnh, hay cn c gi l: ba n nh hoc thc n nhanh.Cch hiu khc: Snack l bnh c cu trc gin xp vi nhiu hnh dng khc nhau (dng que, lt, vin) v c mi v c trng.Cc sn phm Snack hin nay c mt s c im nh: c sn xut theo quy trnh lin tc, nhanh chng v m bo v sinh. a dng, ngoi v mn do mui, c th b sung nhiu gia v khc nhau. Sn phm c ng gi tt, khng yu cu bo qun nhit thp. Sn phm c ng gi v c th n c ngay khi m. b. Lch s pht trin bnh Snack - Snack c xut x t nc M. Mi thnh tu ca ngnh cng nghip snack u do cng ngh sn xut v tip th ca nc M. - Nm 1853 mt u bp ngi M tn l George Crum v tnh ngh ra mn khoai ty chin (potato chips). - Nm 1926 Laura Scuder - California ngh ra vic bao gi khoai ty chin trong giy sp. - Nm 1929 khoai ty chin c sn xut qui m cng nghip bi cng ty J.D.Ferry. - Nm 1933 cng ty giy Dixie - Dallas, Texas sn xut bao b giy sp khng thm du cho sn phm khoai ty chin. - Nm 1937 hip hi khoai ty chin quc gia (NPCI) c thnh lp. - Nm 1958 hip hi khoai ty chin quc t (PCII) c thnh lp. - Nm 1961 cc sn phm snack t bp v cc sn phm snack qua cng nghp p n ra i bi cng ty Frito - Lay (mt cng ty sn xut snack ln nht nc M). - Nm 1976 PCII i tn thnh hip hi khoai ty chin v thc phm snack (PC.2 - Nm 1986 PC/SFA i tn thnh hip hi thc phm snack (SFA). Nm 1997 s pht trin ca cng ngh to gia v lm a dng ha hn na cc sn phm snack. 2.5.2.Phn loi bnh snack Theo th h sn phm:+ Th h 1: khoai ty chin.+ Th h 2: cc sn phm snack i t cng ngh p n lm phng trc tip (puffs snacks).+ Th h 3: cc loi snack i t cng ngh p n lm phng gin tip (pellets). Da vo cm quan v :mn, ngt, chua, t nhin,......... Da vo phng php ch bin :+ Snack dng lt mng (chips): c hay khng c s dng cng ngh p n n gin vi p sut thp.+ Snack dng phng (puffs) vi nhiu hnh dng khc nhau c s dng cng ngh p n p sut cao (1 trc hay 2 trc).- Da vo nng lng : + Snack giu nng lng cho ngi lao ng. + Snack dng cho ngi n king: t bo hoc khng bo, khng cholesterol

Hnh 13. Quy trnh sn xut snack khoai ty

(t0= 0-30C, T= 12-14h)(T= 10-15 pht)(net weight: 20g, 40g, 50g, 100g( =0.8 mm)(dd NaHSO3 0.05%)(sy gi 400C)(3 ln)Khoai tys chCt lt Tm gia vNgm trng Lm lnhChin chn khng-cheese bt-mui ti( mui ht)-Bt ngt-Hng bt-Du n( seafood oil)Trn / nghin mnng giX raNhp khonh lngIn date/kim traSy khQut nguiSn phm

Thuyt minh quy trnhNguyn liu :Khoai ty nhp v c tin hnh kim tra cht lng v tin hnh phn loi chun b nguyn liu khoai ty cho qu trnh sn xut. Khoai ty sng c ra sch khoai c a qua my gt v, sau khi gt v, khoai c kim tra cht lng trn bng chuyn.S ch :Khoai ty c ct thnh lt mng (=0.8 mm), ri ngm trng vi dung dch NaHSO 0.05%,sau em x ra (3 ln) sch ht nha bt v tin hnh sy kh (sy gi 400C).Tm gia v :y l phn quan trng to hng v c trng cho sn phm.Gia v tm gm c : chasse bt, mui ti (mui ht), bt ngt, hng bt, du n (seafood oil) v ri tin hnh trn v nghin mn.Lm lnh :Sau khi xong qu trnh tm gia v th tin hnh lm lnh t = 0-3 C, T = 12-14h.Chin chn khng :Chin chn khng nhm lm chn sn phm v to cu trc gin xp cho sn phmQut ngui :Bnh sau khi chin xong c a qua day chuyn qut ngui lm gim bt nhit cho sn phm (T =10-15 pht) tip tc cho qu trnh nh lng.nh lng :Sau qu trnh lm ngui tip tc tin hnh qu trnh nh lng khi lng (net weight : 20g, 40g, 50g, 100g) tin hnh ng gi.ng gi :Sn phm sau khi chin xong ,nh lng ri cho vo bao b tin hnh ng gi.Bao b thng c dn nhn v in thi gian s dng trc khi ng gi.Kim tra :Cht lng ca sn phm da vo trng lng ca khoai ty, m, lng peroxide trong sn phm hay lng acid bo trong du s dng, lng mui v cht ph gia, MVRT (lng m thot ra ngoi khi ng gi) ca bao b.Phi kim tra thng k c hm m, hm lng du, lng mui, mu sc v hng v ca sn phm.Nhp kho :Sau khi kim tra cc gi sanck c tin hnh ng ng thng v d tr trong kho trc khi a ra th trng.Nht ca kho phi t thong mt, nhit thp trnh hin tng sm mu.

Hnh 14. Quy trnh sn xut snack phng ( puffs )

(t0=0-20C,T=18-24h)(t0= 48-500C)Nguyn liuTrn khNho nng ( h ha s b)To hnhLm nguiCn tmCun khiChin chn khngBao giTr ngBao ginh lngSy Sn phmSn phm(v = 30-32 vng/pht)Bt m (64%)Tinh bt khoai ty (28%)Bt bp bin tnh (8%)

Thuyt minh quy trnhNguyn liu:Nguyn liu t m mong mun v cc thnh phn phi trn ng u nhau m khng vn cc.Trn kh: (v = 30-02 vng /pht)Chun b cho qu trnh p n, nhm phi trn s b hn hp nguyn liu.Nho nng(h ha s b)Np v phi trn nguyn liu,nho nguyn liu to khi bt do nh tc ng nhit, p sut ln nguyn liu lm chn nguyn liu,da vo s chnh lch nhit , p sut lm n phng sn phm.Lm ngui:Bt c lm ngui s b bng qut lm ngui bt thun li cho qu trnh cn bnh.Cn tm:L qu trnh cn khi bt nho thnh tm mng,c dy mng khc nhau ty theo yu cu tng loi,gm trc cn th v trc cn tinh.Cun khi:Bnh c cun thnh tng cun chun b cho qu trnh tr ng.Phi ra khi bng ti lm ngui c qun thnh cun nh ng inox di khong 40cm. Lp plastic c cun xen gia hai lp phi phi khng b bm dnh vo nhau v gi m cho phi.Tr ng:Phn b m u m trong l phi,to b mt lng mn.To hnh:Phi sau khi c tr lnh sau em i ct to hnh cho sn phm. i vi nguyn liu tinh bt: Cho vo cc my to hnh hoc p khi bt thnh dng mng ri dng khun to hnh cho bt.Dng bnh phng cn c chia lm 2 loi: sn phm chin v khng chin. Loi chin :Chin chn khng:Chin chn khng nhm lm chn sn phm v to cu trc gin xp cho sn phm. Tin hnh chin nguyn liu nhit 125C trong 3-5 pht m bo cht dinh dng v mu sc ca nguyn liu.nh lng:Nguyn liu sau khi chin xong tin hnh nh lng khi lng ri tin hnh ng gi.ng gi:Gip cho sn phm khng tip xc vi khng kh v cc tc nhn v nhit , m , vi sinh bn ngoi lm cho bnh gi c nhng tnh cht c trng. Bao b gip ngi tiu dng nhn dng c sn phm cng nh c c nhng thng tin c bn v sn phm Loi khng chin:Sau khi to hnh sn phm ta em sy phi 48-50C nhm c nh lng gia v trong sn phm v gim bt nc cho nguyn liu.Sau em ng gi ta c sn phm. 2.5.3. Gi tr dinh dng - Snack l mn n nh gia 2 ba n chnh, nng lng do bnh snack cung cp t hn sut n chnh nhng nhiu hn cc mn n chi thng thng, trung bnh 1 gi snack cung cp khong 250 Kcal tng ng 1 gi m 60g. - Nhng vi 1 gi bnh snack c t l dinh dng khong 450 Kcal, nu mi ngy u dng th kh nng bo ph ca tr em l khng trnh khi. - Mt khc, y l loi thc phm c dng 1 s ph gia to hng v nh bt ngt (MSG), cht bo, cht bo qun, c khi cn c phm mu nn vic dung np u n c th nh hng n qu trnh tiu ha v s pht trin ca c th. n bnh snack nhiu cng to cm gic y hi, kh tiu 2.5.4. Th trng bnh Snack Trn Th gii khi ngoi, vi gn 30% th phn, cc sn phm c sn xut ti Vit Nam ch yu thuc phn khc bnh snack v bnh cookies. Trong , ch ring 3 nhn hng snack ph bin nht l Oishi ca Cng ty Liwayway (Philippines), Poca ca PepsiCo (M) v Ostar ca Orion (Hn Quc) chim gn 25% th trng.Cc sn phm snack ca khi ngoi hin nay gm 2 loi l snack khoai ty chin (Poca ca PepsiCo Foods Vietnam, Ostar ca Orion) v snack bt (Oishi ca Liwayway, Toonies ca Orion). Trung Quc: trong s 234 mu bnh Snack v ko tri cy c sn xut bi 193 doanh nghip ln nh ti Trung Quc th c khong 25 mu c cho l gy hi n sc khe con ngi, c bit l tr em. Cc cht ph gia c pht hin bao gm: ng ha hc Sacarin, ng ha hc Natri, phm mu nhn to v cht Tartrazine. Nhng cht ny c khuyn co l nguy him n sc khe nu dng qu liu.Hnh 15. Cc loi bnh Snack nc ngoi Cng ngh bnh snack caCanadaang bng n. Theo A.C.Nielsen, cc loi bnh snack bao gm khoai ty rn, ng rn, bnh m ng rn, bnh pretzel v ht u sy c sn xut v bn ra hn 1 t la. Trong khoai ty rn chim 50% loi snack cay trn th gii, tng ng hn 500 triu la doanh s bn ra hng nm. Vi t cch l thng hiu khoai ty rn s mtCanada, Laysng mt vai tr thit yu trong qu trnh pht trin v qung co cc loi snack bng cch li ko khch hng n vi cc gian hng bnh snack.-Snack Tom v Jerry: Sn phm c sn xut bi nhng nguyn liu m bo cht lng t tiu chun HACCP quc t v di s gim st v cho php ca Tp on Warner Bross.Cc b khng ch b hp dn bi hnh ng vui nhn ca ch mo Tom v ch chut Jerry, m cn c thng thc hng v bim bim thm ngon, gin tan do Tom & Jerry mang ti vi ba hng v g, tm, khoai ty ph hp vi khu v ca tr em. y l mn qu hp dn trong cc ba tic sinh nht v d ngoi ca cc b.Snack Tom and Jerryc tiu th tt ti Singapore v ln u tin c mt Vit Nam.Sn phm c bn ti h thng siu th Fivimart, Citymart, Big C Vit NamC hng trm loi snack c bn ti cc quy bch ha v siu th, t gi snack tm nhp khu n bnh snack Vit Nam ca Kinh , On T T (Bibica), Oishi Nu lit k tt c th phi c n hng trm, hng nghn loi, nhng ph bin v bn chy nht l ci loi bnh do Vit Nam sn xut v mi v quen thuc, gn vi khu v thng ngy ca ngi mua, r tin hn, t ngn, tng v cay v rau c Theo kho st c 3 loi bim bim bn chy nht l khoai ty, phng tm v snack tng hp t loi gia v nh tht, hi sn, bp Mt s loi khc cng c nhiu ngi a thch v hng v l, t ngn l ph mai, hamburgerTt c cc loi snack cho d mang hng v g i na th thnh phn chnh vn l bt m + gia v + bt tm (tht, mc ty mi loi) + hng tng hp + gia v + ph gia, cht bo qun. Snack khoai ty chin c thnh phn ch yu l khoai ty, c tm gia v.Trn th trng hin nay c ba loi bnh ph bin: Snack khoai ty: nguyn liu chnh l bt khoai ty, khi n gin v kh Snack phng tm: do, dai, tan c trong ming Snack tng hp t bt m v cc loi gia v. Loi bnh Snack ngoi nhp (t Thi Lan, Trung Quc) gi thnh cao, t mi v, thng ch c 3 loi: tm, bp, ph mai Trong khi bnh Snack do Vit Nam sn xut ngy cng thng th do 2 li im: nhiu hng v, gi r. Hng v bnh snack Vit Nam tp trung khai thc cc mi v hp dn ngi n t mn Ty n mn ta. V d nh bnh ch c rn, g nng mt ong ca Bibica hay b ng v ca Kinh ngoi ra hng v mn ty nh pizza, hamburger cng kh ph bin. Cc loi mi v ny thay i t nhiu ph hp hn vi khu v ngi Vit Nam nh vi mn cri n trong bnh snack c gim cay, tng mi thm ca rau c, hay nh cc loi snack pizza gim hm lng b, t ngn.Hnh 16. Cc loi bnh snack Vit Nam

Theo cng ty kho st th trng quc t Business Monitor International (BMI), ch ring mng bnh ko gm c snack ca ngnh thc phm ca Vit Nam d kin s t mc doanh thu hn 29.535 t ng trong nm nay, tng ng t l tng trng gn 10% ca nm 2012. Trong , ch ring 3 doanh nghip trong nc l Kinh (KDC), Bibica (BBC) v Hi H (HHC) chim hn 42% th trng. Cc doanh nghip ni a cn li v khi ngoi gm PepsiCo, Liwayway, Orion, URC cng s hu 38% th trng; 20% cn li l nhp khu.Hnh 17. Biu th hin doanh thu ca cc cng ty sn xut bnh Snack nm 2012

2.6. Mt li hi ca snack 2.6.1. Mt li ca snack Khng cn l n ca ring tr con, vi hng trm loi hng v khc nhau, snack tr thnh mn n khng th thiu ca c ngi ln. R tin, gin tan, thm lng, va ming v c mi v bn tha h m la chn.Snack Mi ngi, mi lc, mi niHng v bnh snack v cng phong ph v hp dn. Cho d bn l ngi thch mn ty, mn ta hay kn n ti mc no i na, snack vn c chp nhn. Bnh ch c rn, g nng mt ong, tht nng, s, c ca Bibica, b ng v, rau ci ca Kinh mi nghe tn thi thy hp dn. Mt s hng v ty nh pizza, hamburger, ph mai, c ri n cng d n hn so vi bt k n no khc. n nhng hng v dn d nh rau c cng c tn dng ti a.D i chi gn hay xa, ngoi nc ung, tri cy, bnh ko mt th bn khng th qun l vi chc gi snack. Trn t bn cng khng qun trang b vi gi khoai ty chin, phng tm, Oishi nu c rnh tay th gm cho vui ming. Nm nh xem ti vi, c sch m c bim bim th khng cn g bng. Thm ch, nhiu ngi cn cho rng va lm vic va n gip h tnh to v bt cng thng hnD nhn thy nht l ti cc rp chiu phim, hu nh ai ai cng chun b cho mnh mt vi gi bng ng, snack phng tm, khoai chin n snack dn dn tr thnh vn ha khi xem phim.C hng trm loi snack c bn ti cc quy bch ha v siu th, nhng ph bin v bn chy nht l ci loi bnh do Vit Nam sn xut v mi v quen thuc, gn vi khu v thng ngy ca ngi mua, r tin hn, t ngn, tng v cay v rau c2.6.2.Mt hi ca snackVi gi ch t 4000, bn c th mua mt gi snack hng v ty thch. Mi ngy vi gi gia 2 ba cm, theo bn l thm, ngon, b. khng b v gic nh la, hy ngh n mt tri: y bng, kh tiu, d m, bo ph, tiu ng, bnh timSnack c tt cho sc khe ca bn?L mn n nh gia hai ba chnh nhng nng lng do snack cung cp kh cao so vi nhng mn n vt khc. 1 gi snack nh (30g) cung cp khong 250 Kcal tng ng vi mt gi m 60g. Nu mi ngy u n trung bnh 1-2 gi th kh nng tha cn, bo bng l khng trnh khi.Mt gi khoai ty chin 35gr cha 2,5 tha du. Gi ln hn s tng lng du ln 3,5 tha. Mt nm lin tc nh vy, bn np vo c th mnh 5 lt du ch qua nhng gi snack ch cha k n thc phm hng ngy.a phn cc loi snack c ch bin nhit cao, cht bo sinh ra lun tn ti th ng phn, v vy m c th kh m hp th v phn hy. M bm li thnh mch mu tng dn ln dn n cc bnh v tim mch, huyt p. Mc d c v va ming, nhng lng mui, bt ngt v ng trong mi gi snack li ln hn bn tng rt nhiu. Ngi n s c kh nng b cc bnh v thn, si ng tiu, tiu ng.Mt khc, y l loi thc phm c dng mt s ph gia to hng v nh bt ngt (MSG), cht bo, cht bo qun, c khi cn c phm mu nn vic dung np u n c th nh hng n qu trnh tiu ho v s pht trin ca c th. n bnh snack nhiu cng to cm gic y hi, kh tiu.Snack cn cha hm lng cao acrylamide mt cht ha hc c tng hp t cc cht ph gia, bo qun v gia v, lm gia tng nguy c ung th thn, c hi cho tim, c bit l khi kt hp vi nicotine c trong thuc l.Ngy nay, trc cnh bo ca Cc V sinh an ton thc phm, nh sn xut ch trng hn v thnh phn ca snack, gim bo, t b, t cht bo qun nhm khin ngi dng yn tm i cht. Tuy nhin, bn cng khng nn n mn ny thng xuyn.

2.7. Mt s quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh snack trn l thuyt

Hnh 18. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh snack rau qu ti

Nguyn liu(rau qu ti)Nguyn liu(tinh bt)X l s bPhi trnTo hnhRaLm lnhChin ng giTm gia vThnh phm

*Thuyt minh quy trnh 1. Nguyn liu- Chun b nguyn liu :T rau qu ti:Yu cu: Rau qu ti, khng dp, ho. Khng b h, su. C kch thc ng u. Nguyn liu sau khi thu hach nn c bo qun trong kho lnh 8 10oC hoc s dng trc tip.T tinh bt: tinh bt m, khoai, Nguyn liu ph: ng Mui Bt ngt Cht bo qun (E319,E320, E321) Mu thc phm2. X l s b i vi rau quNgm:loi b tp cht (t, ct) bm dnh trn b mt v qu.Loi v:loi b cht bn, tng v mt cm quan cho sn phm.Ra:ra sch lp v cn dnh bn ngoi, ra bng nc lnh v mui cho sch khun. i vi tinh bt :- Cn phi phi trn vi nc, ng, mui theo t l ty thuc vo tng cng ty.-u tin tinh bt c a vo thng quay vi tc 60 vng/pht.-Sau phun du v nc vo. Mc ch: gip cho cc ht bt ri ra v ht nc to m thch hp t 13 15%.-Quay thng khong 5 pht, sau cho cc nguyn liu ph vo. 3. To hnhMc ch: C nh kch thc, chiu di bnh thun tin cho qu trnh bao gi, vn chuyn. Ngoi ra, tng tnh cm quan, c th to cc hnh dng ging nhau nh hnh xon c, hnh tam gic, i vi nguyn liu rau qu ti: Tin hnh ct lt dng khoanh trn dy 1 2mm hoc dng khoanh di. i vi nguyn liu tinh bt: Cho vo cc my to hnh hoc p khi bt thnh dng mng ri dng khun to hnh cho bt. 4. Ra (i vi rau qu ti)i vi nguyn liu rau qu ti cn ra sau khi to hnh loi sch cc cht bn c th dnh trn b mt thit b ct hoc trong qu trnh vn chuyn trn bng chuyn. 5. ChinMc ch: c nh sn phm (i vi nguyn liu tinh bt), to gin xp, gim m xung cn 2 3% thun tin cho qu trnh bo qun v sau.Nhit : 180 200oC.Thi gian: 2 pht. 6. Tm gia vMc ch: to hng v c trng cho sn phm.Phng php thc hin: phun sng nhit 50 -60oC.Phun gia v trc (mui, ng, mu thc phm), sau phun du. Du c tc dng to bo cho sn phm, du cng l tc nhn ngn m gia bnh (lt rau qu) v lp bt hng bm trn b mt. 7. Lm lnhVi nhit qu cao sau khi chin khng th ng gi nn cn lm lnh bnh n nhit xung quanh v tin hnh bao gi nhanh chng. V bnh sau khi chin rt d ht m v s lm bnh mm. 8. ng gi chn khngMc ch: gip sn phm trnh tip xc vi khng kh v cc tc nhn v m, nhit , vi sinh vt bn ngoi lm cho sn phm khng gi c tnh cht dc trng. V cng tng tnh cm quan cng nh v sinh cho sn phm.Yu cu sau khi ng gi: bao b ng gi khng b h m, lch m, sn phm khng b bin dng

Nguyn liuNguyn liu ph,ph gia.ncPh gia,gia vPhi trnp n p lc caong giCt thanhTm gia vNngSnackHnh 19. Quy trnh sn xut snack bp

*Thuyt minh quy trnh 1.Giai on phi trn Mc ch: Phi trn ng u gia cc nguyn liu, chun b nguyn liu cho qu trnh p n, to cho nguyn liu c cc tnh cht ph hp vi thit b p n v yu cu ca bn thnh phm sau qu trnh p n.Tin hnh:Bt bp c cho vo thit b thng quay vi tc 60 vng/ pht sau phun du vo bt bp. K tip phun nc vo hn hp trn. Mc ch ca vic ny gip cc ht bt c ri ra v ht nc t to c mt m thch hp t 13-15%. Quay thng khong 5 pht trong giai on iu chnh m ny. Phi trn tip cc nguyn liu ph nh bt m v ph gia nh silicon dioxide, bicarbonate, sodium pyrophosphate. Gi thng quay quay tip 20 pht cho cc nguyn liu c phi trn ng u vi nhau. Bng 17: T l phi trn cc nguyn liu Thnh phn nguyn liu/ph giaT l

Bt bp90,55%

Bt m7,24%

Sodium dicarbonat0,72%

Sodium pyrophosphate0,36%

Silicon Dioxide0,72%

Du n0,36%

nc0,05%

Cc bin i ca nguyn liu: Cc ht tinh bt trong nguyn liu s ht m v trng n. Cc nguyn liu c phi trn ng u vi nhau. Yu cu: Nguyn liu t m mong mun v cc thnh phn phi trn ng u nhau m khng vn cc 2.p n p lc caoMc ch: Lm chn sn phm, to cu trc phng n, gin xp cho sn phm.Tin hnh: Cho nguyn liu c phi trn vo phu cha liu ca my p n.Vn hnh my v iu chnh cc thng s thch hp cho nguyn liu to ra sn phm t cht lng mong mun. iu chnh nhit khong 134oC, tc quay ca trc vis khong 1629 vng/ pht. Hai thng s ny khng c nh m thng xuyn thay i trong sut qu trnh p n.Yu cu: Bnh sau khi ra khi thit b p n c khi lng v hnh dng t yu cu, bnh gin xp khng b chai b mt. Cm quan th thy bnh gin xp, b mt bnh khi quan st c nhiu khe h kh mn .Chiu di sau khi qua my ct l 11cm th khi lng trung bnh ca nm bnh khong t 18-19g, m ca bnh khong 6-7% l t yu cu.S c:Sau mt thi gian nhit v p sut bn trong h thng n tng cao vt khi mc kim sot nn bnh b thi ra vi tc nhanh lm cho bnh b n cong li so bng ti ti khng kp. Lc ny ta phi iu chnh li tc quay ca trc vis, tc quay bng ti n dao ct, v tc dao ct bnh c kch thc, hnh dng nh mong mun. 3.Ct thanhMc ch: C nh kch thc, chiu di cho bnh thun tin cho qu trnh ng gi, vn chuyn. Tin hnh: Vn hnh my ct sao cho tc ca bng ti ph hp vi tc ca dao ct to c chiu di thch hp (l =11cm). Tc bng ti 40 vng/pht, tc dao ct 54 vng/ pht th t c kch thc mong mun.Yu cu: Bnh sau khi qua my ct khng b bin dng v hnh dng t c chiu di mong mun l 11cm. Ti cng on ny i khi bnh b cong do bng ti ti khng kp bnh ti my ct th yu cu cng nhn phi quan st v loi b bnh cong trc khi i vo l nng. 4.Nng bnhMc ch: tng gin xp v c nh tnh cht ca sn phm, gim m xung cn 2-3% thun tin cho qu trnh bo qun v sau.Tin hnh : Vn hnh my, iu chnh cc thng s ph hp gm: nhit sy l 200-2200C, thi gian bnh chy trong l nng t = 2-2,5 pht.Yu cu: Bnh sau khi nng c cu trc gin xp, khi lng ca nm bnh m2= 17-17,5g, m W2=2-3%. 5.Tm gia vMc ch: To hng v c trng cho dng sn phm. i vi nm dng sn phm s c nm loi bt hng khc nhau.Tin hnh: Vn hnh thit b my trn hng vi tc quay V= 90 vng/ pht v chun b y nguyn liu bt hng. giai on ny du c gia nhit khong 550C c phun vo bnh trc. Du c tc dng to bo cho sn phm. Du cng chnh l tc nhn ngn m gia bnh v lp bt hng, ng thi cng l tc nhn lm c lp bt hng c bm dnh ln b mt ngoi ca bnh.Yu cu:Khi lng ca nm bnh sau phun du m3= 36-38gKhi lng ca nm bnh sau phun hng m4= 42-44g. 6. ng giMc ch: Gip cho sn phm khng tip xc vi khng kh v cc tc nhn v nhit , m , vi sinh bn ngoi lm cho bnh gi c nhng tnh cht c trng. Bao b gip ngi tiu dng nhn dng c sn phm cng nh c c nhng thng tin c bn v sn phm.Tin hnh: V sinh bng ti bng cn, v sinh c nhn ca cng nhn tt, cng nhn phi m bo mang y trang ph kin nh khu trang, bao tay, tp d, nn bao tc.- My ng gi cho mt n v sn phm nh. Vn hnh v iu chnh cc thng s v tc , chiu di bao b (l=180cm, chiu rng (r= 10,5cm), nhit m p dc t= 180C, nhit m ngang t= 170C. - My ng gi cho 1 n v sn phm ln.Sn phm sau khi c ng gi thnh tng n v s c chuyn qua my ng gi thnh mt n v ln gm 10 n v sn phm nh. Ta cng tin hnh vn hnh my v iu chnh cc thng s thch hp cho bao b. Chiu di bao b (l=192cm, chiu rng r= 450cm), nhit m p dc t= 140C, nhit m ngang t= 130C.ng gi 20 gi ln vo thng carton trnh va p khi vn chuynYu cu: Bao b sau ng gi khng c h m, lch m, sn phm khng b bin dng.S c: Tc chy ca bng ti qu nhanh, cng nhn khng kp b bnh vo bng ti lm cho bnh b ng gi thiu. Lc ny cn phi iu chnh li tc ng gi.

Kh quaPhn loiX l s bTo hnhKh ngTch duPhun gia vNgm gia vChinRa sch roSy s bng giSyThnh phmDung dch muiDung dch gia vDung dch gia v: ng, mui, bt ngt, hngRut,u,cungDuHnh 20. Quy trnh sn xut snack kh qua

*Thuyt minh quy trnh 1.Nguyn liuChn nguyn liu kch thc u hai u v u bng nhau(khng la nhng tri c thn phnh to,da lng bng v c th chng c bn nhiu m,cht kch thch sinh trng),trnh dp nt, nguyn liu cn ti nguyn.Nguyn liu sau khi thu hach nn c bo qun trong kho lnh 8 10oC hoc s dng trc tip. 2.Phn loiPhn u cc kch thc qu d gia cng cc cng on sau, m bo s ng u ca sn phm. 3.X l s bQu mang i ra sch, gt b hai u nh khng cn xng. Sau , rch rut, b rut. Sau ra sch bng nc sch. 4.To hnhC nh kch thc, chiu di bnh thun tin cho qu trnh bao gi, vn chuyn. Ngoi ra, tng tnh cm quan, c th to cc hnh dng ging nhau nh hnh xon c, hnh tam gic,Ct thnh khoanh ngang mng khong 1mm, chiu dy ca khoanh khng c qu mng cng nh qu dy. 5.Kh ngNgm tt c lng kh qua trong dung dch nc mui nng 15% trong 30 pht nhm kh bt v ng ca kh qua. 6.Ra schSau khi ngm mui ta vt ln v ra li bng nc sch hn ch v mn cho sn phm. 7. roKh qua sau khi ra nc lnh s c vt ln v ro t nhin loi bt nc to iu kin cho qu trnh sy v sau, nhm rt ngn thi gian sy. 8.Sy s bSy s b nhit 55C trong 15 pht loi bt nc trong sn phm, to iu kin cho s thm thu gia v vo bn trong sn phm. 9.Ngm trn s bNgm kh qua sau sy trong dung dch gia v gm mui, bt ngt, ng, t to v cho sn phm ban u. Qu trnh tin hnh trong 30 pht v nn nng thp. Ngoi ra, qu trnh ngm s b cn trnh cc phn ng oxy ha lm bin mu, bin mi sn phm cng nh gip tng thm cc tnh cht cm quan cho sn phm nh m bo gin, tng thm mi, v, gip gi mu trng sng. 10. SySy ln hai ny nhm c nh lng gia v trong sn phm v gim bt nc cho nguyn liu, chun b cho qu trnh chin. Sy nguyn liu trong 15 pht nhit 55C. 11.ChinChin nhm lm chn sn phm v to cu trc gin xp cho sn phm. Tin hnh chin nguyn liu sau sy nhit 125C trong 3-5 pht m bo cht dinh dng v mu sc ca nguyn liu.Qu trnh chin c thc hin nhm 3 mc ch chnh: Lm tng gi tr dinh dng ca sn phm nh thot hi m tng hm lng cht kh v tng hm lng du. Do , khi ta tiu th 100 gram sn phm th nng lng sinh ra s nhiu hn nguyn liu ban u Lm tng gi tr cm quan ca sn phm nh cc bin i ha hc dn n tng chc, gin, to ra mu vng p v mi thm c trng. Lm tng kh nng bo qun ca nguyn liu rau qu trong iu kin nhit thng nh nhit cao v m thp lm hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt v hot ng ca enzyme. 12. Tch duNguyn liu sau chin s c thm du nhm tng thi gian bo qun cho nguyn liu v tng kh nng kt gi gia v khi ta phun gia v giai on sau. 13. Phun gia vS dng thit b phun gia v cho nguyn liu sau chin, hn hp gia v s gm mui, ng, bt ngt, t, hng tm.+ Chn mui tinh ch, tinh th mu trng u, sch, khng c tp cht, khng c v l, m khng qu 12%, khi ho tan trong nc ct nhn c dung dch trong v ng nht. Ngoi cng dng to v cho thc n, mui n cn l cht c ch vi sinh vt khi c nng cao bi v khi nng mui trong sn phm tng ln th lng nc t do trong mi trng gim i, vi sinh vt kh tn ti v pht trin. + Bt ngt c dng lm tng v ca thc n, to v ngt tht. Ngoi ra bt ngt cn tham gia tng hp nhiu acid amin, tc dng n chu trnh phn gii gluxit v cht bo v c dng dng axt iu tr mt s bnh suy nhc, mt tr nh, mt s bnh v tim+ Bt t: s dng t di dng bt, c mu , v cay nng, m bo khng nhim khun v tp cht, to v cay nng cho sn phm.+ Hng tm: hng tm cng c m bo ngun gc, khng ln tp cht cng nh vi sinh vt, to mi v c trng cho sn phm. 14. ng giGip sn phm trnh tip xc vi khng kh v cc tc nhn v m, nhit , vi sinh vt bn ngoi lm cho sn phm khng gi c tnh cht dc trng. V cng tng tnh cm quan cng nh v sinh cho sn phm.Yu cu sau khi ng gi: bao b ng gi khng b h m, lch m, sn phm khng b bin dng.

GoDu thc vtGia vHiNc,gia vNgmRaNghinTrn s bp nng giPhun gia vTch duChinDuSnackHnh 21. Quy trnh sn xut snack go

*Thuyt minh quy trnh 1.Ngm Ngm go trong nc nhm tch bt mt s tp cht, gip qu trnh ra go t hiu qu v lm mm cu trc ht go to iu kin thun li qu trnh nghin c thc hin d dng. Thng s k thut :+ Nhit ngm : 25 pht+ Thi gian ngm : 6h+ Nng sut 3000kg/1 m+ Nng HSO trong nc nng cho vo : 0,25% 2.Ra Ra nhm mc ch tch tp cht ( t, ct, cht bn, rc,....) mt cch trit lm sch go, chun b cho qu trnh nghin, nu ra khng sch th si, ct s lm mn rng my xt, mc khc cc tp cht ln vo bt lm gim cht lng bt. Qu trnh ra c thc hin bng lc xi ca nc, do ma st ca go v nc, go vi go v go vi cc chi tit ca my m tp cht v mt s cht tan c tch ra. Khuch tn mt cht tan t go vo nc, do lm tn tht cht kh v gim khi lng nguyn liu. Thng s :+ Nc phun vi p lc cao, tng lu lng nc :12 dm3/s.+ Thi gian xi nc : 1,5 pht+ Thi gian ngh lm ro nc trn bng chuyn lm ro : 5 pht 3.Nghin Lm gim kch thc ht go thnh cc ht nh hn (bt go) chun b cho qu trnh nho trn hoc p n. Do lc ma st v p lc ca a nghin, ht go b ph v thnh cc mnh nh v cc t bo b ph v, go t trng thi ht ri chuyn sang khi bt trng thi c st ng nht. Thng s k thut :+ ng a knh : 50-61cm+ Tc quay 960 v/ph+ Cng sut 25 kW+ Nng sut 2500 kg/h+ Nhit sn phm 40-45 C+ m khi bt 46-50% 4.Trn s b. Trn u bt vi gia v v cc cht ph gia khc to ra mt hn hp nh mun trc khi a vo cng on p n. Khi hn hp nguyn liu ng nht v hnh dng v cu trc. Thng s k thut :+ Dung tch mt bn trn : 200 lt+ Nng sut ca mt bn trn : 150kg/ m+ Nng sut ca c h thng nhiu b trn : 1500kg/ m+ Tc thng trn : 30 v/ph+ Thi gian trn : 40 p/m+ Cng sut mt thng trn : 1,5 kW+ Tng cng sut 15 kW 5.p n. Mc ch ca qu trnh p n nng l ch bin, lm chn sn phm (nhit cao, p sut cao) v to hnh sn phm. Ngoi ra p n cn c mc ch bo qun : do nhit , p sut cao tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt.

Thng s k thut :Bng 18: thng s k thut p nMy p n mt vtMy p n hai vt

Cc thng s ca qu trnh sn xut:-Nhit ( C )-p sut ln- m-Lng cht bo cao nht- h ha ca tinh btThng s v sn phm :-Nng sut ( tn/gi)

80 14015 3015 352280 100

1 22

60 16015 4010 452780 100

1 14

6.Chin Qu trnh chin din ra trong thi gian ngn trong thi gian 5 pht do : s chnh lnh nhit ln gia du chin v thc phm do kch thc ca bnh em i chin nh. Du chin s tr thnh phn trong sn phm cui, thay i t 10 40 % Sn phm chin thng gin hn sn phm khc. Phng tin truyn nhit ( du chin ) s thay i thnh phn v tnh cht trong sut qu trnh chin. Thng s cng ngh :+ Nhit du chin : 160 180 C+ Thi gian chin : 10 + Kh nng lm vic 120 kg/h+ Tng cng sut : 4 kW+ Tng kch thc my : 4450*1980*2020 mm+ Trng lng my : 2650 Kg 7.Tch du Sn phm sau khi chin c ln bng ti vn chuyn n thit b phun gia v, bng ti nm nghing s lm cho mt phn du i ra khi sn phm.ng thi sn phm c t trn bng ti s lm cho du thm qua ( cng c tc dng lc du ) chy xung mng hng du pha di ri c hi lu tr li vo thit b chin gia nhit. Gim bt lng du sau khi chin. B mt kh ro to gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Gim thiu s h hng do oxy ha du bo. 8.Phun gia v Sn phm sau khi qua cng on tch du s c a ti thit b phun hn hp gia v ln b mt sn phm sau qu trnh chin c dnh du.Sn phm sau qu trnh tch du vn cn lng du va to s kt dnh hn hp gia v ln b mt sn phm. Thng s ca qu trnh :+ Thng s u vo : Nhit : 70 C m : 2% Nng sut : 400 500 kg/h Nng lng : 220/380 V, 50Hz, 3 phases+ Thng s u ra : Nhit : 60 C m : 4%Nhit ca dung dch gia v : 40 C 9.ng gi Sau khi phun gia v xong s c lm gim nhit v tin hnh ng gi sn phm. Bao b gip ngn cn nhit v nh sng trc tip tc ng n sn phm,hn ch ht m v oxy ha du bo. Bao b cha thng tin sn phm ti ngi tiu dng, qun co sn phm. Bao b cn gip cha ng v vn chuyn sn phm d dng.

PHN 3 : QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BNH SNACK G NNG3.1. S QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BNH SNACK G NNGHnh 22. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh snack

m = 513 kg/mt = 15-30 pht/mt = 11 pht/mTo = 150 2500C1,0 1,2 mm (b dy)Tosau sy= 50oCTosau lm ngui= 40oCm = 11 -13kg/cunt = 12 24 (gi)To = 20 25oCTo = 170 - 270oCvphi vo= 2,2-2,4 kg/phtvphi thnh phm = 2kg/phtNguyn liuChun b thnh phnTrn btNuCn bt nhoSy s bQunCtSy 1Sy 2Rang tmng giThnh phm

3.2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH:3.2.1. Chun b nguyn liu:Bt m, tinh bt sn, du thc vt, mui, ng, cht iu v: Monosodium glutamate (621), gia v g nng 3%.Mc ch:Cn nguyn liu cho ng khi lng, chun b cho qu trnh trn bt.Yu cu: - Nguyn liu c cn ng theo cng thc. - V bao ng yu cu, chun b cho qu trnh trn.Cch tin hnh: Tin hnh cn tng loi nguyn liu theo ng khi lng.Cc bin i trong qu trnh cn Qu trnh cn khng lm bin i tnh cht nguyn liuCc thng s k thut Cc thnh phn ging nhau ca tt c cc loi phi gm: bt m, bt go, bt sn, bt bp, ng, mui, bt n. Ring bt ngt khng s dng cc dng snack ngt. Vi cc loi phi khc nhau th mi loi bt trn s dng mt lng khc nhau. Ngoi ra do tnh cht ca tng dng sn phm m cn c mi loi bt ring bit gp phn to hng v c trng nh bt hnh, bt b, bt t, bt mc, bt g, bt tm, bt b, bt heo Ngoi nhng loi bt cng ty cn s dng nguyn liu ti nh khoai ty, bt khoai ty, tm ti hoc c nc mm trong cc dng sn phm snack hin ti.3.2.2. Trn bt: Mc ch: Trn u cc thnh phn nguyn liu theo cng thc lm bnh snack g nng..Yu cu: Cc thnh phn ca nguyn liu to thnh hn hp ng nht. Cch tin hnh: - bt v gia v vo bn trn. - ng np v ci t thi gian. - Khi t thi gian trn, my t ng ngng, ta tin hnh tho bt vo bao theo quy nh. Cc bin i trong qu trnh trn:*Bin i vt l: cc cu t khc pha vi nhau c trn ln, cc cu t ho tan vo nhau to thnh mt hn hp ng nht.*Bin i ha hc: khi tip xc cc cu t lin kt ha hc vi nhau.*Bin i ha l: bt c tnh hp ph nn c th hp ph mt s cu t khc c trong hn hp Cc thng s k thut: - Khi lng mt m trn: 513kg. Sau chia thnh 21m nh, mi m khong 24kg. Nu c bt chm mi m gim cn 21kg. - Thi gian trn: 15-30 pht/m. 3.2.3. Nu: Mc ch: Khuy trn hn hp ng nht. Lm chn hn hp, chuyn t khi bt ri sang dng paste. Tiu dit vi sinh vt. To iu kin thun li cho cng on cn. Yu cu:Bt i qua cng on ny phi chn u, khng c sng, mu sc ng u, khng qu kh hoc qu nho. Cch tin hnh - Trc khi nu phi v sinh ni nu bng hi 5 pht cho sch s, cho my chy khng ti xem hi vo my c khng, sau kim tra t yu cu th bt u nu. - Khi nu ta bao bt trn vo tip cho khong 200gr shortening vo ( gim dnh ca bt vo thnh ni, ngoi ra cn lm cho bnh c v bo, thm ngon hn). - Nu c bt chm ta gim lng bt ban u v lng nc li. Bt chm c bt t v bt kh: + Bt t: Ra ca qu trnh ct, em ngm trong nc lnh n khi no mm th vt ra nu. Phn ri vi trong qu trnh sy em xay kh ri ngm nc lnh khong 2h trc khi nu. + Bt kh: Ti cng on cn c b phn ct ra tm bt m bo dy u v nhn cho tm bt, phn ra ct ra cn mm ta em i nu li ngay m khng cn ngm. - Khi cho cc th trn vo ni nu, ta bt u cho my hot ng. Mt pht u trn bt kh, thi gian nu mt m l 11 pht: 2 pht 30 giy u ta nu na hi v 8 pht 30 giy sau nu ht hi. Lng nc cho vo nu khong 7 10 lt ( my t ng canh). Nhit nu bng nhit hi p sut bo ha, di p sut hi l 4 5kg/cm2 trong khong 11 pht. - Khi bt chn np ni t ng m ra v ta m np di x bt xung mng Cc bin i trong qu trnh nu:*Bin i vt l: - Bin i v nhit : Trong qu trnh un nng, do s chnh lch v nhit gia khi bt v ngun nhit, nguyn liu tng dn nhit , nhit tng dn t ngoi vo trong khi bt. Nhng im c cng khong cch n ngun nhit th nhit bng nhau. Do vy vt liu s hnh thnh trng nhit trong lp ngoi cng cao nht, trung tm th nhit thp nht - S truyn nhit trong vt liu bng cch dn nhit. - S bin i trng thi vt liu: khi un nng vt liu bin i trng thi tn ti, chuyn t dng rn sang dng paste. - S thay i th tch: th tch ca vt liu tng ln khi nu do s trng n ca tinh bt v bt m. - S bin i mu sc: Nguyn nhn lm thay i mu sc l do s thay i kh nng hp th v phn x nh sng ca vt liu do tc ng ca nhit cao.*Bin i v ha hc: Cc ch tiu nh nht, ha tancng d b thay i nhit cao, nht tng, nhit lm tng tc ca mt s phn ng. Kt qu ca s xc tin cc phn ng ha hc l s bin i thnh phn ha hc trong vt liu, mt s to thnh pectin, cht thm, cht lm tng cht lng sn phm.*Bin i cu trc t bo:Di tc dng ca nhit cao, cht nguyn sinh trong t bo b ng t, mng t bo b ph hy lm mt tnh bn thm, khng kh v hi nc trong cc gian bo thot ra ngoi, lm cho cu trc ton khi tr nn bn cht.Cc thng s k thut:- Lng nc vo, thi gian nu, lng hi vo thay i theo cng thc bt. Trong , nu cng thc bt c nhiu tinh bt khoai m th thi gian nu s di hn.Nhit nu: 150 250oC.Thi gian: 11 pht. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 19: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on nuSTTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1

Bt sng

- ng ng dn hi b ngt, khng v sinh dn n lng hi khng cho m nu- Lng nc cho vo nu khng

- Thi gian nu khng

- Sau 8h tin hnh thong ng hi mt ln

- Kim tra li vic ci t lng nc, khi lng v cht lng bt ban u- Kim tra li vic ci t thi gian, khi lng v cht lng bt.

2Bt nho- Lng nc d- Kim tra li vic ci t lng nc, khi lng v cht lng bt- Kim tra hot ng ca van x nc t ng

3Bt kh- Lng nc khng - Kim tra li vic ci t lng nc, khi lng v cht lng bt- Kim tra hot ng ca van x nc t ng

3.2.4. Cn bt nho: Mc ch:L qu trnh cn khi bt nho thnh tm mng, c dy mng khc nhau ty theo yu cu tng loi, gm trc cn th v trc cn tinh. Yu cu: Phi sau khi cn c dy mng ng u, ng dy ca phi g nng (1-1,2mm), l phi cn ra phi trong, nu i vi phi li th bt khng c lp l li qu nhiu ( v lp nhiu qu phi c th b chai). Cc bin i trong qu trnh cn: * Bin i vt l:+ Bt chuyn t dng khi sang dng tm c kch thc theo yu cu.+ Lm gim xp ca khi bt nho.+ Gp phn lm cho thnh phn cht tan phn tn u hn.*Bin i ha hc:Trong qu trnh cn mng li protein b gy v nhiu lm tng s tip xc gia tinh bt vi nc. Cch tin hnh. - Bt sau khi nu xong c x xung mng hng bt, ri xung trc cn. Khi ng 2 motor s lm hai trc cn chuyn ng.+ Trc cn th: Cn bt thnh tm c dy khong 5mm, gm c 2 trc t song song nhau v c chiu quay ngc nhau, cp trc c th quay c nh tay quay.+ Trc cn tinh: Bt qua trc cn tinh s mn v mng hn, di s tng ln do lc ny protein trng n hon ton. - Cn tinh cng gm c hai trc cn nhng c trc cn nh hn trc cn th. - i vi trc cn th ta c th iu chnh cho bt cn nhiu hay t trong qu trnh cn cn trc cn tinh c gi c nh khi t c dy cn thit. - c c tm phi p th ta phi iu chnh phi i qua gia trc cn, phi phi chy lin tc khng t qung. ng thi n cn ph thuc vo cht lng phi sau khi nu (nu bt nu qa kh hay qu nho cng nh hng n qu trnh cn). Bt sau khi nu phi cn ngay (nu khng bt s b kh cng li khng cn c). Sau khi bt cn xong theo bng ti vo thit b sy s b. Cc thng s k thut: - Chiu rng phi cn 340 +/- 10mm - B dy phi cn: 1,0 1,2 mm Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc:Bng 20: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on cnSTTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1L bt dy hoc mng hn quy nhKhe h gia cp trc cn qu rng hoc qu hpChnh li trc cn tinh

2Ra ct qu nhiuB rng ca khe iu chnh b rng l bt ln.Dao ct ra b lchiu chnh li rng ca khe, iu chnh dao ct ra.

3L bt b rchThiu bt, bt b qu kh hoc qu tQa trnh nu phi lin tc v u n

4L bt b sn siBt b qu khiu chnh t l bt cho vo nu

3.2.5. Sy v lm ngui b mt: Mc ch: Bnh sau khi cn c lm ngui s b bng gin bng ti c qut lm ngui bnh thun li cho qu trnh cun bnh. Yu cu: - B mt bnh ro nc, khi cun khng b t v dnh bt vo bao plastic. - Phi khng qu kh cng khng b t. Cch tin hnh. Khng kh c t nng nh calorife c tc dng lm ro b mt phi trn bng ti, tip phi tip tc theo bng ti qua h thng 4 qut lm ngui phi theo yu cu.Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy v lm ngui:*Bin i vt l: -C s bin dng: co, tng gin hoc nt n. -Gim khi lng.-Sm mu*Bin i ha hc: xy ra hai khuynh hng.-Tc cc phn ng ha hc tng do nhit tng ln nh cc phn ng oxy ha kh, Maillard, cc phn ng to mu khng enzym ca protein v ng kh-Tc phn ng ha hc chm i do mi trng nc v gim; v d nh phn ng thy phn.( thng thng trong hai xu hng th xu hng 1 tri hn ) - Cc lin kt ni sp xp li h tr qu trnh nh hnh.*Bin i ha l: c s khuch tn m trn b mt v bn trong nguyn liu*Bin i sinh ha: - Giai on u ca qu trnh sy nhit vt liu tng dn v chm to ra s vn ng mnh m ca cc h emzym.- Giai on sy lm cho hot enzym gim v t0 > t0 hot ng v lng nc gim.Cc thng s k thut: - Nhit l phi sau sy s b: 50oC - Nhit l phi sau khi lm ngui: 40oCCc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 21: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on sy s bSTTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1 Phi b kh b mt- Lng nc trong qu trnh nu khng lm phi b kh- Nhit sy cao hn quy nh- Tin hnh nu li phi- Gam nhit sy- Tt bt qut lm mt

2 Phi t b mt- Lng nc trong qu trnh nu qu nhiu lm phi b t- Nhit sy thp hn quy nh- Tin hnh nu li phi- Tngnhit sy- Tng qut lm mt

3.2.6. Cun: Mc ch: Bnh c cun thnh tng cun chun b cho qu trnh lnh. Yu cu: Phi c cun kn trong bao plastic, gn, p. Cch tin hnh: - Phi ra khi bng ti lm ngui c qun thnh cun nh ng inox di khong 40cm. Lp plastic c cun xen gia hai lp phi phi khng b bm dnh vo nhau v gi m cho phi. - Phi sau khi qun xong c gc ln xe y v a vo phng lnh. Cc bin i trong qu trnh cun:-Trong qu trnh cun khng c bin i no ng k ca nguyn liu. Cc thng s k thut: - Khi lng cun phi: 11 13kg. - 56 cun/xe.Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 22: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on cunSTTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1Phi qun b hBao plastic b gp li trong qu trnh cunG cun phi v qun li, trong qu trnh cun cng nhn phi ch khng bao b gp

2Phi dnh bt vo bao plasticB mt phi qu t- Gim lng nc trong qu trnh nu- Kim tra li nhit sy s b v tc qut lm ngui

3.2.7. lnh: Mc ch: Phn b m u trong l phi, to b mt lng. Yu cu: - Phi c tr lnh phi c b mt kh ro, khng b dnh bt khi ct. - Phi c mm do. Cch tin hnh:- Trc khi a phi vo phng lnh cn v sinh phng lnh sch s, iu chnh nhit phng t 18 25oC. - y xe cha cc cun phi vo, tin hnh tr lnh.Cc bin i trong qu trnh : *Bin i vt l:-nh hnh li cu trc, gia tng kt cu bn cht ca l phi.*Bin i ha l:-C s phn b li m ca l phi lm cho l phi c mm do thun tin cho cng on to hnh. Cc thng s k thut: - Nhit tr lnh: 18 25oC. - Thi gian tr lnh: 12 24hCc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 23: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on lnhSTTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1Phi b khPhi b h do qu trnh qun khng tQu trnh qun phi phi cn thn, khng c h phi

2Phi b mc- S dng li bao plastic nhiu ln- Phi t- Khng s dng li bao qu 3 ln- Loi b phi b t trong qu trnh cun

3.2.8. Ct: Mc ch:To hnh dng cho sn phm v bo qun sn phm c thun tin. Yu cu:Phi c ct theo ng kch thc phi g nng vi hnh dng li caro. Cch tin hnh:Ly khi phi t ln gi , bc nylon c chuyn xung trc bnh xe gia trc qun nylon, t l phi ln bng chuyn, chuyn ng ca bng chuyn lm l phi di chuyn qua trc gia phi vo h thng ct, phi sau ct theo mng ra ngoi. Cc bin i trong qu trnh ct:Trong qu trnh ct khng c bin i ca vt liu. Thng s k thut:Loi 9g: i vi phi li: 9mm11mmLoi 18g: i vi phi li: 15mm15mm 3.2.9. Sy ln 1: Mc ch: Sy phi n m quy nh, sy lm gim lng nc t do c trong phi, lm cho vi sinh vt kh pht trin bo qun sn phm lu hn. Ngoi ra sy cn c tc dng nh hnh li cu trc ca phi. Yu cu: - Phi sy t m quy nh. - Phi khng b dnh vo nhau. Cch tin hnh: phi vo my sy, phi theo h thng bng ti sau tin hnh sy phi theo cc thng s k thut. Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy 1:*Bin i vt l: - Phi c hin tng gim th tch, gim khi lng do s bay hi nc.*Bin i ha l: - Giai on u cu qu trnh sy, do s chnh lch p sut hi ti b mt nguyn liu v trong tc nhn sy, nh m cc phn t nc ti b mt nguyn liu s bc hi. - Giai on sau, xy ra s chnh lch m ti b mt v tm ca nguyn liu, nh vy m m ti tm nguyn liu s khuch tn ra vng b mt. Qu trnh i chuyn m xy ra n khi t m quy nh. Cc thng s k thut:Bng 24: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on sy 1STTCc thng sGi tr

1Khi lng (kg)1300 +/- 100

2Nhit sy (oC)70

3Thi gian sy (h)2h30 3h

4 m sau sy ( %)Thng 12+/ - 1

Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 25: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on sy 1STTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1 m phi cao hn quy nh- Nhit sy khng t- Thi gian sy cha - Kim tra li p lc hi- Tip tc sy n m quy nh

2 m phi thp hn quy nh- Nhit sy qu cao- Thi gian sy cha lu- n nh phi, hi m nu m thp hn quy nh- Xc nh m phi ng tn sut

3. 2.10. sau sy 1: Mc ch: - D tr phi cho sn xut. - Cng on ny gip cho phi sau qu trnh sy 2 khng b rn b mt. Yu cu: Tin hnh ng thi gian quy nh. Cc bin i: *Bin i vt l:-nh hnh li cu trc, gia tng kt cu bn cht ca l phi.*Bin i ha l:-C s phn b li m ca l phi lm cho l phi c mm do thun tin cho cng on to hnh. . Cch tin hnh: Xp cc bao phi vo pallet, chuyn vo phng cha v gi nhit phng. Cc thng s k thut: - Nhit : nhit phng. - Thi gian : t nht 3 ngy mi em s dng cho cc cng on sau (sy 2 v rang chin) 3.2.11. Sy ln 2: Mc ch: Sau giai on sy ln 1, phi bnh hnh thnh lp v cng bn ngoi nhm trnh hin tng thot m giai on tip theo. V s c mt ca lp v ny, nu t ngt rang n s dn n chy m cha chn, nn mc ch ca giai on sy 2 l nng dn nhit trong phi cng nh gim m to iu kin ti u cho qu trnh rang. Yu cu: Phi c sy n m quy nh. Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy:*Bin i vt l: -C s bin dng: co, tng gin hoc nt n. -Gim khi lng.-Sm mu*Bin i ha hc: xy ra hai khuynh hng.-Tc cc phn ng ha hc tng do nhit tng ln nh cc phn ng oxy ha kh, Maillard, cc phn ng to mu khng enzym ca protein v ng kh-Tc phn ng ha hc chm i do mi trng nc v gim; v d nh phn ng thy phn.( thng thng trong hai xu hng th xu hng 1 tri hn ) - Cc lin kt ni sp xp li h tr qu trnh nh hnh.*Bin i ha l: c s khuch tn m trn b mt v bn trong nguyn liu*Bin i sinh ha: - Giai on u ca qu trnh sy nhit vt liu tng dn v chm to ra s vn ng mnh m ca cc h emzym.- Giai on sy lm cho hot enzym gim v t0 > t0 hot ng v lng nc gim. Cch tin hnh: - phi vo thng quay, y np, khi ng cho thng quay. - Bt in tr, tin hnh sy iu kin nhit v thi gian quy nh. Cc thng s k thut:Bng 26: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on sy ln 2STTCc thng sGi tr

1Khi lng (kg)250 +/- 10

2Nhit sy (oC)60 70

3Thi gian sy (h)6

4 m sau sy (%)Thng 8.5 +/- 0,5

Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 27: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on sy ln 2STTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1 m phi cao hn quy nh- Nhit sy khng t- Thi gian sy cha - Kim tra nhit sy- Tip tc sy n m quy nh

3.2.12. Rang: Mc ch: Lm chn, to dng v mu sc cho sn phm. Ngoi ra, rang cn gip lm thy phn sn phm, tiu dit vi sinh vt, ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. Yu cu: Phi sau qu trnh rang khng b sng hay chy. Mu sc phi ng u, phi n, gin. Cch tin hnh: Nng nhit bn rang n nhit quy nh. Sau , a phi t cng on sy 2 vo bn rang bng h thng gu ti. Tin hnh rang theo cc thng s k thut quy nh ng vi tng sn phm. Phi sau rang c chuyn ra bng bng ti vo bn tm. Trong qu trnh di chuyn qua bng ti, cc phi khng t yu cu c loi b. Cc bin i ca qu trnh rang: *Bin i vt l:Qu trnh rang lm xy ra nhiu bin i trong nguyn liu, in hnh nh s gia tng nhit . Nhng bin i trn lm nguyn liu thay i: t trng gim, th tch tng. *Bin i ha hc:Nhit cao trong qu trnh rang l tc nhn thc y nhiu phn ng ha hc xy ra trong c hai phn ng quan trng nh hng n gi tr cm quan ca thc phm: Phn ng Mailard v phn ng Caramen ha. Hai phn ng ny lm cho sn phm rang c mu sm, ngoi ra cn gp phn to nn mi c trng cho sn phm.Trong qu trnh rang cn xy ra nhiu phn ng khc, v d nh cc phn ng phn hy vitamin lm gim gi tr dinh dng. *Bin i ha l:Trong qu trnh rang, nhit cao s lm nc trong thc phm chuyn pha, hin tng ny lm cho bnh sau khi rang c m thp hn trc khi rang.*Bin i sinh hc v ha sinh:Qu trnh rang lm gim mt vi sinh vt trong thc phm, tng thi gian bo qun thc phm.Trong qu trnh ny xy ra phn ng lm bin tnh protein. Cc thng s k thut:Nhit rang: 170 270oCTc phi vo: 2,2-2,4 kg/pht.Tc phi ra thnh phm: 2kg/pht.Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 28: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on rangSTTS cNguyn nhnCch khc phc

1Phi sngNhit rang thpKim sot nhit rang

2Phi chyNhit rang caoKim sot nhit rang

3Phi c mu khng u dy phi khng ng uKim sot t khu cn

3.2.13. Tm: Hnh23: Thit b tm gia v Mc ch:To v c trng cho sn phm: Nu gia v c b sung vo sn phm trc khi rang th nhng nguyn liu d bay hi s bc hi cng vi hi nc khi sn phm n. Ngoi ra, cc thnh phn ca gia v cn gy tr ngi i vi vic hnh thnh cu trc ca sn phm, nht l khi sn phm cha nhiu cht bo. Yu cu:Sn phm sau qu trnh tm gia v phi mang hng v c trng ca v g nng. Cch tin hnh:Phi sau rang c dn qua h thng tm. Tin hnh tm theo cc thng s k thut quy nh ng vi tng sn phm. Gia v phun ngay sau du. Trong qu trnh di chuyn qua bng ti, cc phi khng t yu cu c loi b. Cc bin i:Ch yu l xy ra cc bin i ha l. Cc cht mu mi v cc cht to v s hp ph ln trn b mt v thm thu mt phn vo bn trong sn phm.Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc:Bng 29: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on tmSTTS c Nguyn nhnCch khc phc

1Ngt vt ti,Chuyn gia vGia v b m, vt ti b lchV sinh sch s vt ti, thay gia v kh. iu chnh vt ti

2Gia v khngPhunHt gia v, vt ti b ngtThm gia v, khc phc hin tng vt ti b nght

3Phi b dnh btBn tm b dnh gia v chy ncLoi phi b dnh bt, v sinh bn tm trc khi tin hnh tm

3.2.14. Bao gi: Mc ch: - Bao gi v trang tr bao b l qu trnh quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut thc phm. y l mt qu trnh tng hp bao gm qa trnh chun b bao b, chun b cho sn phm vo bao b, ng bao, trnh by, trang tr, hon thin sn phm. - Cng on bao gi sn phm trc khi a n ngi tiu dng c thc hin nhm cc mc ch sau:+ Mc ch vn chuyn: Tng kh nng chu tc ng c hc ca thc phm, ngoi ra cn to iu kin tt cho qa trnh bc xp c nhanh chng gn gang, tng h s s dng trng ti ca cc phng tin chuyn ch.+ Mc ch bo qun: Bnh snack l loi d b bin i v cht lng khi chu tc ng ca cc yu t bn ngoi nh nhit , m, nh sng, vi sinh vtDo tng thi gian bo qun , bnh snack s c bao gi trong bao b c kh nng chng m, nc, mi, cht c, cht bn t mi trng.Mc ch hon thin: Hon thin gip tng hnh thc b ngoi cho sn phm, lm cho sn phm hp dn hn, y c xem nh mt ch tiu cht lng quan trng trong ton b cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm.Gip ngi tiu dng d nhn bit mt s tnh cht cu sn phm thng qua nhng thng tin trn bao b.Vic chia sn phm ra thnh nhiu gi c khi lng khc nhau gip thun tin cho ngi bn v hp vi ti tin ngi tiu dng. Yu cu: - Mi ghp lng khng b x, khng lch bng. - Mi ghp trn v di khng b x hay nhn mi ghp. - Lng khng kh ( phng) t yu cu. - Ngy sn xut v hn s dng c in r rng v ng v tr. Cch tin hnh:Bnh snack sau khi rang tm c vn chuyn vo phng bao gi. Ti y bnh s c my ng gi vi khi lng 9g, 18g hoc 24g. Sn phm sau khi ra khi my s c kim tra cc ch tiu nu t yu cu s c ng bch (20 gi/bch) qua mng y v c ghp m bng my ghp m. Bnh snack ng bch c cn 5 pht/ln, nu t khi lng s c ng thnh cy hoc thng (10 bch/ cy thng). Cc bin i trong qu trnh bao gi: Tc ng c hc lm phi d v Cc thng s k thut:Bng 30: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on bao giSTTThng s k thutSnack g nng

1Khi lng tnh9g/18g/26g/40g

2Lng khng kh33/43 2mm

3Mi ghp lngKhng x, khng lch bng 5l), c np y (v mu ny dng lm m), hng mu khi mu c rang xong, qua my ly tm ro du v chy xung bng ti. Tn sut ly mu: mi gi ly 1 ln.*Sau tm: Dng ca nha kh, sch (>5l), c quai sch hng mu bnh ngay lng quay sau khi tm gia v Tn sut ly mu: mi gi ly 1 ln.Hm lng mui v bo trong bnh*Hm lng mui Khi xc nh hm lng mui th ta ly mu trc tip t bng ti sau khi bnh mi chin xong (sau chin) v sau khi tm gia v (sau tm). Tn sut thc hin: i vi bnh sau chin: sau 1h lm 1 ln i vi bnh sau tm: sau 1h lm 1 ln*Hm lng bo: Mu dng xc nh hm lng bo c ly t mu dng xc nh mui. Tn sut thc hin: Mi ngy ch xc nh hm lng bo mt ln vo u ca.Phi trc khi ng gi Phng php ly mu Kim tra ti bng chuyn: QC quan st ch tiu hnh dng, mu sc, nm th mi v, chn, gin phi. Kim tra ti phng th nghim: QC ly mu ng ng trong hp v em v phng th nghim kim tra ch tiu vi sinh, ha l, m phi.Phi ng gi Xung trc tip phng ng gi ly mu. Ly mi my l 2 gi nu c 2 my ang ng gi. Ly 4 gi nu ch c 1 my ang ng gi. Tn sut ly mu: sau 4h ly 1 ln. 3.4.1.2. Phng php lu mu.1. Bt m, tinh bt, mui, ng. - Khi lng mu lu: 150300g. - Lu mu vo bao ni lng mu trng. - Ghi phiu lu mu: ni sn xut ca nguyn liu, tn ca mt hng, ngy gi kim, tn ngi kim ri b t phiu ny vo trong gi cha bt mu lu. - Lu mu trong t lu. - Thi gian lu: khong 1 thng, sau khi sn xut ht nguyn vt liu nhp v.2.Du - Khi lng lu khong: 150 300 g. - Lu vo chai bng nha, c nt y kn hoc trong bao nilon mu trng. - Ghi phiu lu mu: ni sn xut ca nguyn liu, tn ca loi du, ngy gi kim, tn ngi kim sau sau gin t phiu ny bn ngoi chai. - Lu mu trong t lu - Thi gian lu mu: khong 1 thng, sau khi sn xut ht nguyn liu nhp v.3.Phi sy v bnh sau rang tm -Cc mu ny khng cn lu v ch lm trong ngy, trong ca. - Nu lm cha kp c th ng mu trong h nha c np y, kn ri ghi k hiu tn ca tng loi v thi gian ly mu.4.Bnh ng gi -S lng lu ty thuc vo s hot ng ca my m lu mu nhiu hay t, c mt my ng gi th ly hai mu lu. -Ghi phiu mu: tn sn phm, s my ng gi, tn ngi ng gi, ngy gi ly mu lu, tn ngi ly mu. -Thi gian lu mu: 6 thng. 3.4.2. Phn Tch Cc Ch Tiu Nguyn Vt Liu. - Mc ch ca vic th nghim: l thng nht yu cu k thut, kim tra th nghim nh gi cht lng ca nguyn vt liu nhp vo.- Phm vi p dng: p dng ch