bao cao thuc tap mail server zimbra

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh

LI NI UHin nay, vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin vo cng tc giao dch v qun l nhng chin lc pht trin cho cc doanh nghip v cc t chc l v cng quan trng. Vn chng ta c th thy r chnh sch nh nc chng ta l nh nc ta ang xy dng mt chnh ph in t. Trong , nhu cu trang b h thng email dng ring phc v trong cc giao dch ngy cng cao, tuy nhin nhiu doanh nghip vn cha mnh dn u t v lo ngi vn v chi ph, nhn s h tr, cng nh cc yu t bo mt. Zimbra Collaboration Suite s l mt s la chn u vit cho cc doanh nghip v t chc, bi n l mt phn mm m ngun m hon ton min ph.v c rt nhiu s u vit. Trong khun kh kin thc mnh tm hiu mnh s gii thiu vi cc bn v mail server Zimbra Collaboration Suite . tm hiu cch ci t v cu hnh , mt s tnh nng m n mang li cho ngi s dng,cng nh tm hiu cch thc hot ng ca mt mail server. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti thc tp ny , mnh xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn rt nhit tnh ca thy gio L B Cng. Tuy mnh c gng lm ti ny mt cch tt nht nhng rt c th cn nhiu sai st. Rt mong s ng gi kin ca cc thy c gio v cc bn sinh vin. Mnh xin chn thnh cm n!

Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra

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PH LCPHN I:Gii thiu v Zimbra Collaboration Suite. PHN II:Tng quan v Email. 1. Electronic mail. 2. Mail client. 3.My ch Mail v tm hiu qu trnh gi v nhn mail din ra nh th no. 4.H thng th in t ngy nay. .Cc giao thc SMTP,POP3,IMAP PHN III: Qu trnh ci t PHN IV: Tm hiu v Mail server Zimbra Collaboration Sutie. 1.Zimbra mailbox l g? 2.Mail Routing. 3.Message Store. 4.Phn cp qun l lu tr ( HSM Hierachical Storage Management). 5.Lu tr d liu( Data Store). 6.Ch mc lu tr( Index Store). 7.Sao lu( Backup). 8.Dch v LDAP ( LDAP service). 9.Lc trong Zimbra ( Zimbra Schenma) 10. Xc thc ti khon ( Account Authentication). 11.Tm hiu v MTA ( Mail Transfer Agent). PHN V: Gii thiu mt vi tnh nng ca mail client. 1.Thay i mt khu ngi dng. 2.S Dng tin ch Calendar


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PHN I.Gii thiu v Zimbra Collaboration Suite Zimbra nguyn l mt cng ty c lp v phn mm m ngun m c yahoo mua li vo nm 2007. iu cng chng t sn phm ca cng ty c nh gi rt cao. Theo qung co trn website ca hng th hin c khong 60.000 t chc v 40 triu mailbox ang dng zimbra. Zimbra Collaboration Suite l mt phn mm cng tc gm c phn mm chy trn my ch v my trn c cc c im v tnh nng chnh sau. - Th in t: l mt h thng th in t hon chnh gm Mail server(SMTP,POP3,IMAP,antivirus,antispam,openLDAP,backup, c y tnh nng nh auto-redy, auto-forward,mail fillter,) v mail client ( zimbra desktop v zimbra web client). - Lch cng tc ( Calendar): lch c nhn v lch nhm,t ng gi mail mi hp - Danh mc cng vic ( task) : ca c nhn v c ca nhm. - Ti liu ( Documents): ti liu di dng Wiki ca c nhn hoc tp th. - Cp h s ( Brifcase): dng ring hoc dng chung. - Chat : chat ni b trong mng Lan hoc trn Internet. Zimbra c 2 phn mm client: zimbra desktop v zimbra web client l giao din vi ngi dng . Zimbra desktop ( tng t nh Outlook,) ci c trn c windowns , Mac, Linux. Ngoi ra c teher dng cc email client khc nh Outlook, Evolution,hai loi mail client trn ng dng vi hai cch lm vic: - Lm vic online, dng zimbra webclient. Mi thng tim s sao lu trn my ch zimbra . Zimbra web client c hai giao din dng htlm thong thng, nhanh nhng t tnh nng v dng Ajax( tng t nh yahoo mail) . zimbra web client l mt trong nhng web client hon chnh nht hienj ny ( h tr hu ht tnh nng zimbra server k c chat). - Lm vic offline, dng ci mail client cn li . ring Outlook , Apple Desktop, Evolution c th ng b email , calendar, contacts, task vi my ch zimbra , cc mail client khc ch c v gi mail. Zimbra cng h tr lm vic vi cc thit b di ng nh Iphone,Blackberry Zimbra c mt kho Zimlet ( mt th tng t nh cc exensions ca firefox) m cc qun tr mng c th chn ci t b xung tnh nng. Mi ngi u c th t vit cc zimlet kt ni vi h thng zimbra vi cc h thng thng tin khc hoc m rng tnh nng . y c l l mt trong nhng im mnh nht v s gy nghin cho ngi dng ging tnh nng extensions ca Firefox vy. Qun tr h thng qua giao din web kh u v chi tit vi nhiu tin ch, v d c th to hng trm account trong vi pht. Zimbra c mt bn opensource min ph v ba bn khc c thu ph. Bn t nht l 35 USD/usre/nm cho 25 ngi dng u. bn opensource c cc tnh Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 3

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh nng s dng ging nh bn c ph , ch km mt s tnh nng ngi qun tr nhng c th b p bng cch t ci b xung v hon ton c th dng bn opensource vo cc h thng tht c. V kin trc bn trong , zimbra vn s dng cc b phn mm chc nng ( ngun m ) ph bin nh OpenLDAP , SpamAssassin,Amavisd,Tomcat.. cng vi mt s phn mm ring to ln mt h thng tch hp cht ch. C th khng dng OpenLDAP m dng Windowns Active Diretory, hoc import user t mt my ch Exchange sang. Hin ti , zimbra server c cc bn ci t trn Red Hat, Fedora,Centos,Debian,SUSE,Ubuntu v MacOS . nu ch ci trn mt my ch c lp th cch ci t kh n gin v nhanh. Zimbra c th ci theo nhiu cch cu hnh khc nhau t mt h thng nh vi trc Account trn mt my ch duy nht, cho n mt h thng rt ln hng nghn account trn nhiu my ch c cc chc nng khc nhau. C kh nng m rng ( scalability) bng cch thm my ch d dng. PHN II: Tng quan v Email ( Electronic Mail) 1. Electronic mail( th in t) Email u tin c ra i vo nm 1971 t mt k s tn l Ray Tomlinson. u tin email ch c th gi trn mt my tnh n l. Ray tm ra kh nng gi email t my tnh ny n my tnh khc qua Internet s dng k hiu @ ch th ni nhn th. Mt email khng c g n gin hn l mtthng ip ch Mt on vn bn c gi cho ngi nhn. T bui s khai cho n tn by ngy hm nay,email lun c khuynh hng l on vn bn ngn mc d kh nng thm v nh km ,email vn tip tc l thng ip ch. 2.Email client( Trnh duyt th). Email client mang bn c im sau: Email client cho bn thy mt danh sch cc Message trong hp th ca bn bng cch hin th phn message header( u mc ca th). Message header ny ch cho bn ai gi message ,tiu ca message,v nhng thng tin khc nh thi gian gi,thi gian nhn ,kch c . Email client cho php bn chn v c ni dung ca mt message Email client cho php bn to mt message mi v gi n i. Bn nhp vo a ch ngi gi,tiu v ni dung ca message Hu ht cc email client cho php nh km file ,vn bn ,hnh nh,video vo message gi i v lu nhng nh km khc t message nhn c. Nhng email client phc tp cn c th c nhng chc nng khc nh,cht,gi video. Nhng ni chung v bn cht,y l tt c nhng g m mt email client c. 3.Mt my ch email n gin. Bn c email client trn my tnh ca bn, bn sn sng gi v nhn email. Tt c iu bn cn by gi l c mt my ch th in t cc email client kt ni n. Hy tng tng cch n gin nht i vi mt my ch Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 4

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh th in t s nh th no hiu khi nim tin trnh. Sau chng ta i vo thc t. Nu chng ta c my ch web v Internet hot ng nh th no , th bn s bit rng nhng h thng my tnh trn internet c th chy nhng phn mm ng dng c gi l Server ( my ch, my phc v ). Chng gm nhng loi Server nh Web server( my ch web), FPT server ( my ch truyn file) , telnet server ( my ch telnet) v Email server ( my ch th in t) Nhng my ch ny chy sut ngy sut em v kim tra nhng cng c bit ( Specific ports) , ch i nhng chng trnh kt ni vo cng . Mt my ch email n gin nht s lm nhng vic nh sau: N s c mt danh sch ti khon email, vi mi ti khon ng vi mi ngi c th nhn email trn my ch. Tn ti khon ca bn c th l Huynhdvh,abc hoc tng t. N s c mt file vn bn ng vi mi ti khon trong danh sch. File c th l huynhdvh.txt, abc.txt hoc tng t. Nu mt ai mun gi mt message ngn ( v d huynhdv ch nht ny i n tra nh. Abc trong mt email client v ch ra rng bc th ny s c gi cho huynhdv. Khi ngi nhn nt gi, email cliet s kt ni ti cc my ch th in t v chuyn cho my ch tn ca ngi nhn huynhdv , tn ca ngi gi v ni dung ca bc th. My ch s nh dng on vn bn ngn ny v gn n vo phn cui ca huynhdvh.txt. Phn thm vo ca file s c nh dng nh sau: From : abc To: huynhdv Huynh, Ch nht ny i n tra nh. Abc C mt vi thng tin m my ch th in t phi lu vo trong file nh thi gian nhn v dng tiu nhng nhn chung chng ta c th thy rng y l mt qu trnh gi th v cng n gin. Khi nhng ngi khc gi message cho huynhdv , my ch th in t s n gin l gn tip nhng bc th vo phn cui ca file huynhdvh.txt . File vn bn s bao gm mt nhm 5 hoc 10 bc th v cui cng huynhdv s truy cp vo v c chng . Khi huynhdv mun c th , email client ca anh y s kt ni vi my ch trong mt tin trnh n gin nht m email client s : - Hi my ch gi mt bn sao ca file huynhdv.txt - Hi my ch xa v iu chnh li file huynhdv.txt - Lu file huynhdv.txt trn my tnh cc b - Phn tch file huynhdv.txt ra tng bc th ring bit ( tm t Form tch cc bc th ) - Hin th cho huynhdv tt c cc message header ( u mc th) theo tng danh sch. Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 5

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh Khi huynhdv nhp p chut ln mt u mc th. Trnh duyt s tm ni dung ca bc th trong file huynhdv.txt hin th ln. Chng ta phi tha nhn rng y l mt h thng v cng n gin. Tht ngc nhin nhng h thng my ch email trong thc t bn s dng hng ngy u khng phc tp hn. 4. H thng th in t ngy nay. Mt h thng th in t ngy nay bao hm hai ng dng khc nhau cng chy trn mt my ch. ng dng th nht gi l my ch SMTP ( SMTP server Simple mail Transfer Protocol Giao thc truyn th n gin). My ch SMTP x l th in t i. ng dng ny cn gi l my ch POP3 ( POP3 Server Post Office Protocol Giao thc hp th) . My ch POP3 Server x l th n . ng dng SMTP kim sot cng 25 trong khi ng dng POP3 kim sot cng 110 . SMTP server Mi khi bn gi mt message , email client ca bn tng tc vi SMTP server x l vic gi . SMTP server trn my ch ca bn c th c giao tip SMTP server trn my ch khc chuyn bc th . Hy gi nh rng bn mun gi mt bc th . nh danh cu bn l huynhdv , v bn c ti khon trn mn vnn.vn . Bn mun gi th cho [email protected] bn ang s dng email client l Outlook Express. - khi bn ci t ti khon trn vnn.vn , bn ch nh cho Outlook Express tn my ch th in t - mail.vnn.vn. Khi bn son tho bc th ri gi i th qu trnh xy ra nh sau: - Outlook Express kt ni vi SMTP server trn mail.vnn.vn qua cng 25. - Outlook Express trao i vi SMTP server v chuyn giao cho n a ch ngi gi, a ch ca ngi nhn cng nh ni dung ca bc th. - SMTP server ly i ch n [email protected] v ct n thnh hai b phn - Tn ngi nhn ( abc) - Tn min ( ftp.vn) Nu a ch n l a ch vng min vnn.vn , SPTP server s d dng chuyn bc th n POP3 server trn cng tn min ( s dng mt ng dng nh gi l delivery agent). Khi i ch n min khc , SMTP server phi trao i thng tin vi min khc. SMTP server s giao tip vi mt my ch tn min ( DNS server). N hi bn c th cho ti a ch ip ca SMTP servver ca min fpt.vn khng ? My ch tn min s cho tr li l mt hoc nhiu i ch ip ca SMTP server m fpt.vnn ang qun l. SMTP server vnn.vn kt ni vi SMTP server fpt.vnn qua cng 25 ( bng ip c cung cp) . N c s trao i ging nh email client ca bn trao i vi SMTP server vnn.vn tc l chuyn bc th ( a ch i,a ch n,ni dung) cho my ch fpt.vn. My ch fpt.vn nhn ra rng tn min abc l fpt.vn , n s chuyn cho POP3 server ca chnh n v thc th s c chuyn n hp th ca abc. Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 6

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh Trong mt vi trng hp , SMTP server ti vnn.vn khng th kt ni vi SMTP ti fpt.vn, message s c xp vo hng i ( queue). SMTP server trn hu ht cc my ch s dng mt chng trnh gi l sendmail gi hng i ny c gi l sendmail queue. Sendmail s c gng gi li nhng message trong queue ca n theo nh k. V d n c th nh k gi li sau mi 15 pht. Sau 4 gi n s gi li cho bn mt thng ddiepj ni rng c mt vi li no xy ra. Sau 5 ngy hu ht cc thit lp sendmail s ngng gi vf gi tr message ca bn li cho bn, bo rng message khng gi c ( cc thit lp nh th c th khc nhau ty theo h thng). V mt thc t, S trao i gia mt email client vi mt SMTP server rt n gin v r hiu. N c gi l yu cu cho kin ( RFC Requests For Coments) , v on trao i c dng in hnh sau: Hello test 250 mx1.mindspring.com hello abc.sample.com [220.57.69.37] , plesased to meet you Mail form: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 [email protected] .. sender ok Rcpt to : [email protected] 250 2.1.5.jsmth.. Recipinet ok Data 354 Enter mail, end with . On a lline by itself From: [email protected] To : [email protected] Subject: testing John, I am testing . 250 2.0.0 e1NmajH24604 message acceptec For delivery Quit 221 2.0.2 mx1.mindspring.com closiing connection Connection closed by foreign host. Email client hi v SMTP server tr li. Email client gii thiu cho bn thn n,thong bo a ch i v a ch n ( form v to), chuyn ni dung ca message ri thot khi tin trnh. Trong thc t, bn c th telnet vo mt mail server qua cng 25 v c mt trong nhng on on hi thoi nh trn iu ny cho hay ti sao c nhng th in t gi mo. Bn c th thy rng SMTP server hiu c nhng lnh k t n gin nh HELLO,MAIL,RCPT v DATA. Nhng lnh thng thy nh sau : - HELLO- gii thiu bn thn - EHLO gi thiu bn thn v yu cu extended mode - MAIL FORM nh danh ngi gi Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 7

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh - RCPT TO nh danh ngi nhn - DATA- nh danh ni dung ( to: , Form: v subject: thng dng l 3 dng u) - RSET- reset - QUIT- thot khi tin trnh - HELP lnh ly hng dn tr gip - VRFY xc nhn li mt a ch - EXPN m rng mt a ch POP3 Server POP3 server x l mt tp hp cc file vn bn mi file ng vi mi ti khon email. Khi mt message c gi n , POP3 server ch n gin l thm chnh message vo phn cui ca file ngi nhn. Khi bn duyt email , email clinet s kt ni vi POP3 server qua cng 110. POP3 server yu cu bn cung cp mt account name ( nh danh ti khon email ca bn) v password. Sau khi ng nhp , POP3 server s m file vn bn ca bn v cho php bn truy xut n. Cng ging nh SMTP server, POP3 server cng hiu mt tp hp cc k t lnh n gin nh sau: - USER Nhp vo ti khon nh danh ca bn - PASS Nhp vo mt khu ( password) cu bn - QUIT Thot khi POP3 server - LIST - Lit k danh sch cc message ca bn vi kch thc - RETR Ly ra message ca bn v c h chuyn cho n mt con s - DELE Xa mt message chuyn cho n mt con s - TOP Hin th ln trn cng x dng ca mt message , chuyn cho n mt con s v s dng. Email client ca bn s kt ni vo POP3 server v a ra mt tp hp cc lnh ti bn sao ca message ca bn v my tnh cc b. Thng thng , email client s xa ht cc message trn my ch tr khi bn b tnh nng . Bn c th thy rng POP3 server n gin l phn giao din gia email client v file vn bn cha nhng message ca bn. v y bn li thy POP3 tht qu n gin. Bn c th telnet n thng qua cng 110 v t s dng cc lnh nu bn mun. Phn nh km ( attachments) Email client ca bn cho php bn thm vo message bn gi nhng phn nh km ng thi lu tr nhng phn nh km trong nhng message m bn nhn c . Nhng phn nh km c th l file vn bn, file m thanh, bng tnh in t, hnh nh Thng th phn nh km khng phi l vn bn ( nu n c dng vn bn Text, bn gi n gin l gn n lun vo ni dung messages) . Khi email ch c th cha on vn bn m phn nh km khng phi l on vn bn th se ny sinh cc vn cn gii quyt. Trong nhng thi k u tin , thng ngi ta gii quyt vn ny bng cch th cng s dng mt chng trnh uuencode. Chng trnh ny xem file nh km l dnh file nh phn ( binary ) . N c mi ln 3 byte ( 24 bit) Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 8

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh t file v chuyn i thnh bn k t ( mi k t c chuyn i t 6 bit cng vi 32). Kt qu cho ra l mt file ch cha t vn bn. Tc l bn dng trnh uuencode m ha file nh km tr thnh file vn bn ri mi gn file nh km vo message ca bn. Spamming v virus my tnh. Tnh hu ch ca email dang b e da bi bn hin tng , bn ph mail ( email bombradment) , th rc ( Spamming), la o (phishing) v su mail (emailworms). 5:Cc giao thc ca email. SMTP,POP3 IMAP l giao thc c s dng chuyn pht th.mi giao thc l tp hp c th ca cc quy tc giao tip gia cc my tnh. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Porotocol) . SMTP c s dng khi gi t mt ng dng email nh Zimbra vi mt my ch email hoc khi email c gi t mt my ch email khc .SMTP s dng cng TCP 25. POP3( Post Office Porotocol version 3) l giao thc dng ti email t mt my ch email.POP3 s dng cng TCP 110. IMAP ( Internet Message Access Protocol) l giao thc th h mi ca POP. IMAP s dng cng tcp 143. IMAP t s kim sot email trn mail server trong khi nhim v ca POP l ti ton b thng ip Email v client server yu cu. IMAP cung cp truy cp theo ba ch khc nhau : offline( ngoi tuyn) , online ( trc tuyn) v disconnected( ngt kt ni) truy cp vo ch offline IMAP ging nh POP cc thng ip email c truyn n my client , xa khi mail server v mi lin kt b ngt.sau ngi dng c ,tr li ,lm cc vic khc ch ngoi tuyn v nu mun gi th mi th h phi kt ni li. Truy cp ch online l ch IMAP truy cp m ngi dng c v lm vic vi thng ip email trong khi vn ang gi kt ni vi mail server( kt ni m) . Cc thng ip ny n nm mail server cho n khi no ngi dng quyt nh xa n i. Chng u c gn nhn hiu cho bit loi c hay tr li. Trong ch disconnected , IMAP cho php ngi dng lu tm thng ip client server v lm vic vi chng,sau cp nhp tr li vo mail server ln kt ni tip. ch ny hu ch cho nhng ai dng laptop hay truy cp mng bng lin kt quay s in thoi,ng thi khng mun b ph nhng li ch im ca kho cha th mail server. PHN III: Qu trnh ci t. Yu cu: Ci t Centtos5.5 vo trong my tnh v s dng hostane: mailserver.local domain a ch ip 192.168.168.128 v gateway 192.168.168.2 Qu trnh ci t Zimbra thc hin trn h iu hnh Centos5.5 thc hin qua cc bc sau. Bc 1: kim tra cu hnh DNS Bc 2: Cu hnh li file /etc/hosts Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 9


Bc 3: Bt u ci t Sau sau khi ci t h iu hnh CentOS chn "Firewall configuration" --> "Run tool"

Cu hnh nh hnh di:


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Exit vo mn hnh Command line, SSH

Nh vy l ta hon thnh vic ci t CentOS 5. Ci OS Centos v nhng package cn thit trc khi ci zimbra


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- Vo customize chn nhng package sau y:

Bc 2: Phi disable nhng dch v cn thit trc khi ci zimbra - Disable Selinux trong ln boot u tin:


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Disable service iptables,ip6tables v sendmail chkconfig iptables off chkconfig ip6tables off chkconfig sendmail off Bc 3: Ci thm package ph rt cn thit cho zimbra yum install libtool-ltdl Bc 4 : Download package zimbra version 5 dnh cho Redhat 5 (32 bit) Vo trang ny download http://www.zimbra.com/downloads/os-downloads.html Sau khi download package zimbra,th ta dng winscp chp n vo trong th mc tmp ca Centos: cd /var/tmp Bc 5 : Bt u ci t Ta dng lnh tar xzvf gii nn package ging v d hnh di y:


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Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh K tip zimbra s xut hin Main Menu

n bc ny chng ta s change password cho admin dng c du ******* bng cnh nhn phm s 3 vo zimbra-store .Sau nhn tip phm s 4 change password

K tip chng ta nhn phm r quay li Main Menu v nhn phm a lu cu hnh nh hnh bn di.

Zimbra c ci t xong


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Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh Bc 6: chng ta nh a ch sau vo giao din qun l https://hostname:7071/zimbraAdmin

PHN IV: Tm hiu v Mail server Zimbra Collaboration Sutie. 1.Zimbra mailbox l g? Zimbra mailbox l mt my ch chuyn dng qun l tt c cc hp th ni dung,bao gm c cc tin nhn,danh b,lch ,ti liu,file nh km. Tin nhn c nhn t cc Zimbra MTA my ch v sau i qua bt k b lc c to ra. Thng ip sau c lp ch mc v c gi vo hp th chnh xc. Ngoi ra qun l ni dung, my ch Zimbra mailbox dnh cho cc tp tin sao lu v ng nhp. Mi my ch zimbra mailbox trong h thng ch c th nhn thy lu tr ca ring mnh.zimbra mailbox khng th thy c,hoc vit cho mt zimbra mailbox khc. Mt mi trng zimbra mailbox v cc LDAP v MTA dch v c th c ci t trn nhng my ch ring bit. 2.Mail Routing. Cc my ch MTA nhn c th thng qua SMTP v cc tuyn ng mi tin nhn zimbra mailbox ca LMTP ( Local Mail Transfer Protocol) Zimbra mailbox gm nhng khi sau: - Message Store . tp tin ny nm trong file /opt/zimbra/store - Data Store . cc tp tin c s d liu MySQL nm trong tp tin /opt/zimbra/db - Index Store. File ny nm trong tp tin /opt/zimbra/index - Backup Area. Tt c nhng mc sao lu u nm trong tp tin /opt/zimbra/backup Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 16

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh - Log files: mi thnh phn trong zimbra collabroration suite c trong cc file log ,local logs nm trong file /opt/zimbra/log Lu : h thng cc bn ghi,cc file log chnh s li.cc a d phng nn trn a ring bit gim thiu kh nng mt d liu khng th khi phc trong trng hp nhng a b li. 3.Message Store: - Zimbra message store l ni lu tr tt c cc thng ip mail,bao gm c phn body v file nh km.tin nhn c lu tr v nh dng. - Cc zimbra message store c t trn mi zimbra server v ch trong file /opt/zimbra/store. Mi mailbox c mt th mc chuyn dng,c t theo tn ca n vi zimbra mailbox ID, zimbra mailbox ID l duy nht cho mi my ch,ch khng phi ton b h thng. 4.Phn cp qun l lu tr ( HSM - Hierarchical Storage Management) Phn cp qun l lu tr cho php bn cu hnh lu tr cc message c. qun l ti nguyn lu tr email ca bn.bn c th thc hin chnh sch HSM khc nhau cho mi message server. Message v file nh m c chuyn t khi primary n khi secondary da vo thi gian tn ti ca mi tin nhn.cc tin nhn vn c th truy cp c . 5.Lu tr d liu ( Data Store): - Cc Zimbra Data Store l mt c s d liu MySQL c cha tt c cc siu d liu ( metadata) lin quan n cc messages gm cc th: conversations,v ch n cc tin nhn c lu tr trong file h thng. - Mi ti khon (Mailbox) ch c tr trn mt my ch. Mi my ch zimbra c cha d liu c tp ca cc ni c cha d liu cho cc mailbox trn my ch . - Vic lu tr d liu bao gm: * Lp s Mailbox-account. Cc primary c nhn dng trong c s s liu ca zimbra l mailbox ID, thay v tn mt ngi dng hay tn mt ti khon,cc mailbox ID ch c duy nht trong mt mailbox server. S cc d liu ca zimbra mailbox ID ca ngi dng OpenDAP. * Mi nhm ngi dng nh ngha cc th,th mc,danh b,lch,cuc hn,nhim v ny l ca cc quy tc lc. * Thng tin v mi message mail bao gm cc th c lin quan cho d l c hay cha c. 6.Ch mc lu tr ( Index Store). - Cc cng ngh lp ch mc v tm kim c cung cp thng qua Apache.mi tin c t ng lp ch mc khi gia nhp h thng.mi mailbox c mt tp tin ch mc lin kt vi n. - Qu trnh tokennizing v lp ch mc khng th cu hnh bi nh qun tr hoc ngi s dng. 7.Sao lu ( Backup). - Zimbra sao lu cu hnh nm trn mi my ch zimbra v thc hin c 2 chc nng sao lu v khi phc li,bn khng phi dng my ch Zimbra Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 17

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh chy qu trnh sao lu. Khi bn sao lu qun l c th c s dng khi phc mt ngi dng duy nht ,thay v phi khi phc li ton b h thng trong trng hp mailbox ca ngi s dng b hng. 8.Cc th mc dch v( Zimbra LDAP service) - Zimbra LDAP service l mt th mc qun l cha cc dch v ang chy trn mt phin bn OpenLDAP phn mm lm cc lu zimbra c ci t, Phn ny m t cch thc cc th mc dch v c s dng cc thc ngi dng v lu cu hnh ti khon v qun l. - Cc my ch LDAP c xc nh khi ZCS c ci t. Mi my ch LDAP cc nh cc thuc tnh thng s vn hnh,ngoi ra cu hnh mt i tng Global m mc nh cho my ch xc nh cc thng tin thuc tnh. Mt lot cc la chn ca cc thuc tnh ny c th s i thng qua qun l co giao din iu khin ,mc khc c th thay i thng qua cc tin ch CLI. - LDAP Directory Services cung cp mt kho lu tr tp trung cc thng tin v ngi s dng v cc thit b c php s dng trong mng ca bn. Cc trung tm kho s dng cho d liu LDAP ca Zimbra l th mc ch OpenLDAP

- Hnh trn cho ta thy.ng i gia cc my c th mc Zimbra-LDAP v cc my -ch,hoc vit vo kho c s d liu trn Zimbra-LDAP server.cc MTA khng kt ni vi vi c cc c s d liu trong LDAP thay vo n s dng cc my ch DNS ,nhp vo cc bn ghi MX ca my ch DNS xc nh ni n tip ca mail. Cc my Zimbra clients kt ni thng qua Zimbra server ,Zimbra clients ln lt kt ni n LDAP. Bn cht ca LDAP l mt c s d liu c t chc di dng lc . Lc ny quy nh c th cc i tng c lu tr trong c s d liu v cc loi thuc tnh m cc i tng c.


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Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh * Th mc LDAP bao gm cc thuc tnh v c mt tn duy nht phn bit ( DN Distinguished Name). cc thuc tnh c xc nh bi cc lp i tng lin kt vi n. Cc gi tr ca lp i tng thuc tnh xc nh cc quy tc ca lc ca cc mc tun theo. *Cc lp i tng c xc nh cc i tng c cp n v nhng g m c s d liu c lu tr trn cc th mc . Lp cc i tng nhp vo c nhp vo ,c xc nh l i tng cu trc v khng th thay i. Cc i tng khc c gi l ph v c th them vo hoc sa xa t th mc ny. - S dng cc lp i tng trong LDAP cho php mt mt lp i tng c kt hp vi mt lp i tng hin c . V D. t mt mc inetOrgPerson lp i tng ny v lp i tng ph ZimbraAccount s c mt ti khon,hoc qun tr vin ( Administrator) hoc ngi dng cui ( end-user) . Mt th mc vi cc i tng ZimbraServer s l mt i tng trong h thng zimbra c hoc nhiu gi ci t. 9.LDAP Hierarchay - Th mc LDAP c xp xp theo mt cu trc cy trong h thng Zimbra.cu trc c sp xp da trn tn min internet. - LDAP thng bao hm cc mc nh ti khon ngi dng,t chc,hoc server.

Hnh trn cho thy h thng phn cp Zimbra LDAP. Mi i tng c mt i tng lin quan n cc lp. 10.Lc Zimbra ( Zimbra Schenma) Mi LDAP c mt lc xc nh cu trc min ca mnh,ti khon,thuc tnh ti khon,cu trc d liu c s dng bi t chc ( Organization). Lc ca Zimbra bao gm mt LDAP lc ty chnh m c m dng lc chung km vi phn mm OpenLDAP v c thit k c kh nng vi th mc ci t hin ti. My ch zimbra iu khin ti khon bng dng lnh cung cp v cc tin ch qun l bi cc lc Zimbra.


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Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh Tt c cc thuc tnh v mt lp i tng c th to ra cho zimbra c m u bng zimbra, v d: nh trong lp i tng zimbraMailRecipient hoc zimbraAttachmentsBlocker. Lc Zimbra l mt lc c bn, Trong b ci t OpenLDAP gi km vi Zimbra lc cc tp tin sau y c bao gm trong OpenLDAP : - Core.shema - Cosine.schema - Inetorgperson.schema - Zimbra.sechma Chng ta khng th thay i lc Zimbra. 11.Xc thc ti khon(Account Authentication) C ch xc thc ti khon v nh dng. Zimbra ch h tr 3 kiu - Internal. - External LDAP. - External Active Directory. Phng thc xc thc Intrenal ca Zimbra chy trn th mc ch LDAP External LDAP v External Active Directory nhng phng thc xc thc ny c gng lin kt vi cc my ch LDAP quy nh,cung cp tn ngi s dng v mt khu.nhng phng php ny c th s dng nu mi trng s dng trong mi trng email ca th mc Microsoft Active Directory v xc thc . Cc giao dch ga th mc dch v Zimbra-LDAP cung cp cho tt c Zimba-related. iu ny bt buc ngi dng phi tn ti trong c OpenLAP v Active Directory ca cc my ch. Cc phng thc xc thc c thit lp trn mi min c s mi min ( perdomain) s dng thuc tnh zimbraAutheMech vi cc thng tin khc t min. Nu thuc tnh ny khng c thit lp th mc nh s dng phng thc Internal chng thc C ch xc thc Internal Ti khon ca ngi dng c lu tr trong OpenLDAP server,cc thuc tnh user,password c m ha bng thut ton SHA1( SSHA) thng tin ny khng c s dng kt ni vi th mc ch.n ch c s dng so snh vi cc thng tin trn OpenLDAP server bng s dng kt ni qun tr trong LDAP. C ch xc thc External LDAP v External Active Directory. Khng ging nh cc c ch xc thc Internal ,cc c ch xc thc ny s gn kt vi cc th mc my ch bng tn ngi dng v mt khu nu lin kt ny thnh cng th kt ni ng v mt khu coi l hp l. Hai thuc tnh ca min c b sung theo c ch ngoi: - zimbraAuthLdapURL v zimbraAuthLdapBindDn. - zimbraAuthLdapURL v SSL 12. Zimbra Objects


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Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh Zimbra s dng cc lp i tng ph thm cc thuc tnh c th cho zimbra nh ti khoanrl Cc i tng LDAP c s dng trong Zimbra bao gm nhng i thng sau y Ti khon ( Accounts) Cc lp dch v ( Class of Service- COS) Tn min ( Domains) Danh sch phn phi ( Distribution List) Ngi nhn ( Reccipients) My ch ( Servers) Cu hnh ton cu ( Global Configurations) B danh ( Aliases) Zimlet CalendarResouce Identity Ngun d liu ( Data Source) Ch k ( Signature) Ti khon. Mt i tng ti khon i din cho mt ti khon trn Zimbra Mailbox m ngi dng Zimbra c th ng nhp vo. Ti khon Entrees l mt ti khon qun tr ngi dng v c th ng nhp vo . Tn ca lp i tng l ZimbraAccount. i tng ny thuc lp m rng ca i tng ZimbraMailRecipient. Cc i tng ZimbraMailRecipient l mt th mc i din cho th mc c th nhn mail. y l mc hin th bn ngoi mail m phn m rng thng qua cc b danh hoc chuyn tip vo mt hoc nhiu a ch bn trong hoc bn ngoi cc a ch. i ch . Tt cc ti khon c dng sao y: C tn trong nh dng [email protected] Mt m s ( ID) duy thy m khng th thay i hoc c cp li Mt tp hp cc thuc tnh,mt s trong ngi dng c th sa i ( ty chn) v nhng cu hnh khc ch c th c cu hnh bi ngi qun tr h thng.Tt c cc ti khon ca ngi dng c kt hp vi tn min ,v vy tn min phi c to ra trc kh lp bt k ti khon no. Lp dch v ( COS) L mt lp c th xc nh cc thuc tnh mc nh ca mt ti khon Email v c th thm nhng tnh nng hoc loi b . Cc COS c tnh nng iu khin,ci p cc ty chn mc nh,hn ngch mailbox,mt khu, tn i tng ca lp l zimbraCOS. Tn min (Domain ) Tn min i din cho min th in t ,chng hn nh zimbra.com phi c to trc khi email c gi n ngi dng trong min c th c giao.tn lp i tng ny l zimbraDomain. Danh sch phn phi ( Distribution List) Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 21

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh Danh sch phn phi hay cn gi l danh sch gi th . c s dng gi th n tt c cc thnh vin ca danh sch bng cch gi km mt email n a ch trong danh sch.Tn ca i tng nayflaf zimbraDistributionList. Ngi nhn ( Recipient) i tng ny i din cho mt thc th c th nh th. Bn ngoi mt a ch mail ,a ch tn ti v ngi nhn c th c m rng thng qua cc b danh hoc chuyn tip vo mt hoc nhiu internal/external. Cc i tng ny c tn l zimbraMailRecipient. Tn i tng ch c s dng khi kt hp vi cc lp zimbraAccount v ZimbraDistributionlist. Server Cc Server i din cho mt my ch no trong h thng Zimbra m c mt hoc nhiu cc gi phn mm ca Zimbra c ci t. Trong ci t Zimbra s c s t ng ng k OpenLDAP server. Tn ca i tng ny l ZimbraServer. Cc thuc tnh m t cu hnh thng tin ca Server,chng hn nh cc dch v ang chy trn Server. Tn my ch c s dng bi Zimbra thc hin mt yu cu no t my ch trong th mc. cc Server yu u cc thng tin cu hnh cu n v chn thm bt k thay i no c thc hin bi ngi qun tr thng qua giao din qun tr. Cu hnh ton cu ( Global Configuration) Cu hnh Global i tng quy nh gi tr mc nh cho cu hnh sau cc i tng: Server,Account,COS,v Domain. Nu cc thuc tnh khng c thit lp cho cc i tng khc,cc gi tr c k tha t lc bn cu hnh Global . Cc lp i tng c tn l zimbraGlobalConfig.Cu hnh ny l cn thit v c ci t nh l mt phn ct li ca zimbra. Nhng mc nh cho h thng. Alias: Alias l mt trnh gi trong th mc t mt tn. Tn i tng ny l zimbraAlias. Zimlet Zimlet xc nh Zimlets c ci t v cu hnh trong Zimbra. Tn i tng ny l zimbraZimletEntry . CalendarResource Calendar cho php ngi s dng to, xa, sa lch cng tc ca bn thn v c th chia s cho ngi khc, ng thi n cng cho php ngi s dng t chc hp, mi hp.,Tn ca lp ny l zimbraCalendarResource. Identity i tng ny i din cho nhng ty chnh c nhn ca ngi dng. Nh tn hin th,lin kt n cc mc ch k cho cc mail gi i. Tn lp i tng l zimbraidentity. Ngun d liu ( Data source) i din cho nhng ngun th bn ngoi ca ngi dng c 2 loi data source l POP3 v IMAP . Mi Data source cha trn cc POP3/IMAP server.cng v mt khu ca ti khon email .Cc data source cng c cc thuc tnh bao Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 22

Bo co ti thc tp c s chuyn ngnh gm c mn hnh v i din cho cc ton khon ngoi .cc Data source cng c chuwa cc thng tin ,to hin th tn . tn lp i tng l zimbraDatasource. Ch k ( Signature) Ch k l i din ca ngi dng. Mt ngi dng c th to nhiu ch k. Ch k ca ngi dng c to theo th mc LDAP trong DIT. Tn ca lp i tng ny l zimbraSignature. 13. Tm hiu v MTA ( Mail Transfer Agent) . MTA nhn mail thng qua SMTP v cc tuyn ng ca mi message, s dng cc Local Mail Transfer Agent( LMTP) cho ph hp vi zimbra mailbox server. Nhng my ch MTA bao gm cc chng trnh: - Postfix MTA dng cho vic nh tuyn th,chuyn tip th. - AntiVirus l mt cng c chng virus c dng qut cc email v cc file nh km d tm virus. - SpamAssassin . L mt b lc lc cc th rc bng hng lot cc c ch lc. - Amavisd-New l mt b lc Postfix c s dng nh l mt giao din gia Postfix v ClamAV/SpamAssassin. Trong cu hnh Zimbra , mail transfer v mail delivery c nhng chc nng ring bit . Postfix ch yu hot ng nh chuyn MTA v cc zimbra mail server.v hot ng nh mt MDA ( mail Delivery Agent). Cu hnh MTA c lu trong LDAP v mt kch bn t ng cc cuc thm r cc th mc LDAP mi ln l 2 pht s i, v cp nht thay i Postfix cu hnh. Trin khai MTA Cc Zimbra Collaboration Suite bao gm cc phin bn ca Postfix. iu ny c ngha rng cc phin bn u khng c bt k s thay i no v m ngun nhng n khng bao gm ngun tp tin cu hnh thay i,thm kch bn v cc cng c. Postfix thc hin vic chuyn mail zimbra v chuyn tip. n nhn c cc messages thng qua SMTP v cc thng ip in t zimbra server thng qua LMTP . Cc MTA Zimbra cng c th thc hin chng virus v lc th rc. V vic thc hin chng virus v lc th rc c zimbra s dng phn mm c tch hp sn trn trn Zimbra server. PHN V: Gii thiu mt s tnh nng c bn ca mail Zimbra. 1.Thay i mt khu ngi dng. Giao din chnh ca email nh hnh di


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Vi cc cng c v tnh nng gi ,nhn mail thng thng nh : New Email,Get Mail,Delete,Mark As Junk,ngi dng c th thao tc trn giao din trc quan , d s dng ca zimbra. Nhn vo tab Preferences s sut hin giao din nh hnh di

Nhn vo nt Change Password v Mt khung hp thoi mi xut hin v n s nhc bn nhp password bn ang dng,v password mi .sau bn ch vic nhn nt Change Pasword l vic thay i mt khu ca bn c hon tt.


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2. Calendar Calendar cho php ngi s dng to,xa,sa lch cng tc ca bn thn v c th chi s cho ngi khc,ng thi n cng cho php ngi s dng t chc hp,hay mi hp. Ngi dng c th d dng to mt cuc hp hay lch cc nhn bng cch nhn p vo thi gian bt u,mt khung thoi s hin ra ,lc ta chn More Detail ty chnh thm.

c bit trong phn Mark as c 2 ty chn l public v private,nu chn private th ngi khc s khng bit c ni dung lm vic ca ngi c Calendar trong khong thi gian d c ch s i na. Ngc li nu chn Public th nhng ai c chia s u c th nhn thy c thi gian trong ngi ch Calender s lm g. Tm hiu Mail Server da trn phn mm m ngun m Zimbra 25


Ngoi ra , Zimbra cn cho php ngi mi hp c th tm ngi tham d trong danh sch nhn vin ca ton trng bng cng c Find Attendee , ngi dng c th chn nhiu thnh phn tham s ( gi phm Ctrl v chn) v nhn nt Add thm vo

Khi mi cc thnh vin tham gia ,ngi mi hp c th bit trong khong thi gian c phn phn tham d no bn vic hay i cng tc bng cng c Schedule , cng c ny s lit k thi gian biu ca cc i tng tham gia cuc hp,vo vo ngi mi c th sp xp thay i li.

Sau khi hon tt vic iu chnh ngi s dng c th nhn vo mc Save lu li lch. Lc trong Mc Calender s xut hin thm mc hp


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V Zimbra s t ng gi mail n ngi c mi hp vi ni dung l chi tit cuc hp ,lc ngi c mi s c 3 ty chn l Accept( ng tham d), Decline( t chi tham d) v Tentative( vn cha bit c th tham d hay khng).

Khi ty vo ty chn ca ngi nhn m mc hp s xut hin trong Calendar ca ngi nhn hay khng.


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Bn cnh chc nng mi hp Calendar cn c chc nng cho php ngi s dng chia s lch vi nhau. Mun chi s lch ca mnh cho ngi no ta nhp chut phi vo Calendar ca mnh chn Share Calendar. V hin ra ca s

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TI LIU S DNGEbook : Zimbra NE Admin Guide http://zimbra.com http://en.wikipedia.org v mt s ngun khc trn internet.


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