BO CO KIN TRC MY TNH

bi: Tm hiu cu trc cc my tnh bn hoc xch tay s dng vi x l AMD A Series

(Dell Vostr 3555, HP Pavilion dv6z Quad Edition series,...)

I. So snh gia vi x l Intel vi vi x l AMD 1. Vi x l ca AMD c nhn ho mnh m hn Intel trong khi sn phm ca nh

sn xut chip ln nht th gii li c li th v CPU.

Vic phn bit cc mu vi x l cho my tnh xch tay khin ngi tiu dng gp khng t kh khn. Di y l mt s iu cn bit khi chn vi x l.

CPU v APU l mt.

K hiu sn phm ca Intel gm tn v bn ch s ng sau.

CPU hay b x l trung tm l khi nim vn c s dng nhiu t trc ti nay. Tuy vy, gn y AMD li a thm mt nh ngha mi, l APU hay b x l tng tc. Khi nim APU xut hin khi cng ty ny tch hp CPU truyn thng vi nhn ho (thng thy card ho hay GPU) cho mu chip Fusion ca mnh

i vi nhng th h chip ra mt trc , c AMD v Intel u dn a nhn x l ho vi CPU ca mnh. Do , nhn chung CPU ca Intel khng c g khc bit so vi APU ca AMD.

Hiu sut ho ca nn tng AMD mnh m hn i th trong khi phn CPU ca Intel li c li th hn.

Cch c thng s vi x l:

Chip i5 ca Intel.

Intel hin ti c ba mu chip Core i th h th hai bao gm i3, i5 v i7. y l cch hng ny phn nhm cho sn phm ca mnh da trn mt s tnh nng. Sau phn tn vi x l l bn ch s. Trong , hai ch s u l th h ca vi x l trong khi nhng s cn li nhm ch mt model nht nh.

Cng ty sn xut chip ln nht th gii thng a ra mt s hu t sau dy s k trn nhm b sung thm thng tin cho vi x l ca mnh. Mt vi mu x l ph bin c k t "M" l vit tt ca t Mobile (di ng), "QM" l Quad-core mobile (chip li t di ng) hay "XM" l Extreme Edition.

Tng t nh Intel, AMD cng s dng dy bn ch s cho cc sn phm ca mnh. Series vi x l ca hng ny bao gm ba dng chnh: A4, A6 va A8. Vi x l ca AMD ngoi hu t "M" cn c loi "MX" cho hiu sut mnh v to ra nhiu nhit nng hn.

2. Mt s mu vi x l thng gp.

Intel

Core i3

(Sandy

Bridge)

S nhn: 2

Intel Turbo Boost:

Khng

Intel HyperThreading:

C

ho tch hp: C

Intel Core i3 khng c tnh nng Turbo Boost v thng chy vi xung nhp khng i. Mu chip ny ph hp vi tc v thng thng nh duyt web hay chy cc ng dng vn phng.

HyperThreading nhm gip ngi dng chy a nhim mc trung bnh ng thi tnh nng QuickSync ca

(Intel HD Graphics

3000)

Intel gip cho vic convert cc file media nhanh hn.

Nhn chung, mu chip Core i3 c gi c phi chng ng thi cho hiu sut tt. B x l ho tch hp trn sn phm ny hot ng tt khi trnh chiu media (ngay c vi ni dung Blu-ray). Tuy vy, sn phm ny khng ph hp i vi nhng ngi thch chi game.

Intel

Core i5

(Sandy

Bridge)

S nhn: 2

Intel Turbo Boost: C

Intel HyperThreading:

C

ho tch hp: C (Intel HD Graphics

3000)

Vi x l Core i5 c hu ht tnh nng tng t nh i3. Tuy vy, sn phm ny c b sung thm Turbo Boost gip tng tc vng quay ng h. Tnh nng ny khin cho hiu sut ca Core i5 tng hn nhiu so vi Core i3.

B x l ho tch hp trn i5 hon ton ging vi i3. Do , sn phm ny khng ph hp chi cc game hi-end.

Intel

Core i7

(Sandy

Bridge)

S nhn: 2 hoc 4

Intel Turbo Boost: C

Intel HyperThreading:

C

ho tch hp: C (Intel HD Graphics

3000)

Ngi dng c th la chn phin bn chip li kp hoc li t tu tng model vi x l Core i7. Nhng mu c bn li c hiu sut cao hn so vi hai li. Tuy vy, chng li tiu th nhiu nng lng hn.

Core i7 ph hp cho vic trnh chiu video v x l ho. Tuy vy, b x l ho tch hp trn thit b ny vn khng th chi c cc game hi-end hin nay. Do , ngi dng nn xem xt vic mua thm card ho ri hoc sm cho mnh mt chic laptop thay v notebook.

Cc vi x l Intel

Core i th h u tin

S nhn: 2 hoc 4

Intel Turbo Boost: C

Intel HyperThreading:

C

ho tch hp: tu thuc vo tng model

Mc d thiu i mt s tnh nng nh QuickSync nh trn cc mu Sandy Bridge ng thi nhn ho yu hn, cc model ny vn mnh x l cc tc v i vi nhng ngi dng ti gia hoc doanh nhn.

Ngi dng c th b ra chi ph thp hn khi sm nhng mu vi x l ny.

(i7-840QM, i7-820QM,

i7-740QM v i7-720QM

khng c b x l ho tch hp)

Tuy vy, cng nn xem xt tht k bi thi lng pin s dng ca cc model ny ngn hn so vi cc thit b dng chip Sandy Bridge.

Intel

Atom

S nhn: 1 hoc 2

Intel Turbo Boost:

Khng

Intel HyperThreading:

C

ho tch hp: C

Chip Atom thng c s dng trn cc notebook gi r. Do , model thng ch c dng x l cc tc v n gin nh lt web, check email hay x l vn bn.

Cc sn phm dng chip Atom c tnh di ng cao vi mn hnh t 10 n 11 inch v thi lng pin di.

AMD A4

APU

S nhn: 2

AMD Turbo Mode: C

ho tch hp: C (GPU 240 hoc Radeon)

APU AMD c nhn ho tt hn so vi Intel. Mu vi x l A4 li kp tng ng vi Core i3 ca Intel. Tuy vy, sn phm ny vn khng ph hp chi game. A4 c th trnh chiu media tt, ngay c vi ni dung HD.

AMD A6

APU

S nhn: 4

AMD Turbo Mode: C

ho tch hp: C (GPU 320 hoc Radeon)

Vi x l AMD A6 c hiu sut v b x l ho tt hn so vi mu A4. My c th chy tt mt s game n gin. Tnh nng Turbo Mode ca A6 gip cho hiu sut ca CPU mnh hn.

AMD A8

APU

S nhn: 4

AMD Turbo Mode: C

ho tch hp: C (GPU 400 hoc Radeon)

y l dng vi x l mnh m nht ca AMD. Sn phm c tch hp nhn ho Radeon cho php chi cc game trung bnh mi nht hin nay. Hiu nng x l ho ca APU AMD ch yu da vo tc b nh. Phin bn "XM" ca A8 cho php b nh DDR3-1600 hot ng nhanh hn tuy vy cng tiu tn in nng hn.

AMD E-

series

APU

S nhn: 1 hoc 2

AMD Turbo Mode:

Khng

ho tch hp: C (GPU 80 hoc Radeon)

Nhng mu vi x l ny dnh cho my tnh xch tay c kch thc mn hnh t 11 n 12 inch v cho hiu sut cao hn netbook ca Intel. Sn phm ny ph hp vi nhng tc v n gin. Tuy vy, khi chy mt s ng dng nh Microsoft Excel, thit b c th gp kh khn i cht.

Thi lng pin ca my tnh xch tay

chy model vi x l ny c th cnh tranh c vi Intel Core i do c gi thnh thp hn. Nhn ho ca AMD E-series c th thch thc Core i3 mt vi game. Sn phm ny c cho l nm gia Core i3 v Atom.

AMD C-

series

APU

S nhn: 1 hoc 2

AMD Turbo Mode: Tu thuc vo tng model (ch C-60 mi c tnh nng ny)

ho tch hp: C (GPU 80 hoc Radeon)

APU C-series c th snh ngang Atom ca Intel. Tuy vy, nhn ho ca model ny vn tt hn so vi i th. Ch c C-60 mi c hai li trong khi cc mu c hn ch ph hp x l cc tc v c bn.

Nhng mu vi x l ny c th tm thy tr cc thit b tiu tn t nng lng, cho hiu sut trung bnh v thi lng pin lu.

3. Mt s vi x l i c ca AMD

AMD ( Advanced Micro Devices ) l hng sn xut Chip i theo c mt qu trnh pht trin ca my vi tnh .

AMD cung cp tt c cc b vi x l u tin 8088 cho my vi tnh ca IBM ti hin nay l th h th 7 ca b vi x l AMD Athlon . AMD bt u sn xut Chip logic vo nm 1969 sau sn xut RAM vo nm 1975 , cng nm gii thiu b vi x l ging nh kiu 8088 .

Trn thc t nhn chung s xut hin Chip Athlon ca AMD l c hi u tin trong lch s ca cu trc x86 lm cho cng ty ch th Intel phi n s . Nhng trong nhng thp k ca th k trc khi 386DX-40 ca AMD xut hin chnh l ro cn ca Chip Intel 486SX trong kha cnh cng tc , hiu nng v gi c .

u nm 1982 , AMD k vi Intel mt hp ng v tr thnh nh cng sn xut Chip 8086 v 8088 . IBM mun s dng Intel 8088 trong nhng my vi tnh ca IBM , nhng chnh sch ca IBM vo thi gian yu cu t nht 02 ngun cung cp cho Chip ca h . Sau ny AMD sn xut 80286 ( hoc 286) trong cng mt s tho thun trn , nhng Intel hu tho thun vo nm 1986 v t chi cung cp nhng chi tit k thut lin quan n i386 .

u nm 1990 c hai Cyrix v AMD sn xut Version ca 486DX theo cch ca h v sn phm c bit n nhiu nht chnh l 486DX2, mt phin bn Copy ca 486DX2-66 ( c Intel gii thiu nm 1992) , c tc xung nhp ng h bn trong CPU l 80MHz . 486DX2-80 da trn tc Bus 40MHz nhng khng nh DX2 ca Intel ( chy b nng vi ngun nui 5V) n chy mt hn vi in p nui 3.3V . Bn trong CPU ca AMD c mt phn qun l cng sut ( Power Management ) , v mt nm sau phn ny cung c s dng trong b vi x l ca Intel . Kiu tc gp ba so vi tc 40MHz c ngha l chy vi tc 120MHz c gii thiu ngay sau .

Mc d Intel dng ci tin 486 vi sn phm cui cng l 486DX4-100 nhng AMD v Cyrix vn cn tip tc pht trin . Nm 1995 , AMD a ra th trng sn phm cPU tc nhn 4 l 5x86 da trn tc Bus 33MHz nhng c tc xung nhp bn trong CPU l 133MHz ( 33 x 4 ) . Chip ny ca AMD nh gi c so snh vi Chip ca Intel l Pentium 75 nn cng hay c gi l 5x86-75 . Nhng n vn da trn c s ca 486DX v thm b nh Cache L1 16KB c tch hp bn trong CPU m c Intel gii thiu trong DX4 .

Trongthi k Pentium , nhng thit ca ca AMD c th trng chp nhn c c bit c gi thnh thp . Trong khi Intel tp trung vo thit k Slot 1 v Slot 2 nhm ti th trng thit b PC c tnh ton mnh m khng ch ti cng ngh giao din mi CPU . Chnh v th m kiu Socket 7 c tip tc m rng bi AMD v Cyrix v pht trin vi FSB c 100MHz v h tr AGP .

Gia nm 1999 c mt vi ct mc quan trng v phn bit hn nhng i th trong th trng sn xut b vi x l trong nhng nm tip theo , l Cyrix ngng cnh tranh thit b PC bn v nhng kh khn v ti chnh . Cngty m National Semiconductor phi bn quyn sdng b vi x l x86 cho VIA Technology . Mt ct mc ng k nht l AMD tn cng vo Intel vi sn phm c tn l b vi x l Athlon ( tn m sn phm K7 ).

Trong khi Intel chm tr ra i sn phm Pentium III da trn cng ngh sn xut 180nm ( c tn m l Coppermine ) vo lc AMD pht hnh b vi x l mi . N nh du s pht trin mnh m ca AMD trn dng sn phm b vi x l c cng sut tnh ton cao v cnh tranh quyt lit vi Intel trong mt thi gian di .

a. AMD K6

Trong nhiu nm AMD cng nh Cyrix sn xut nhng b vi x l 286,386 v 486 m c ngun gc trc tip t thit k ca Intel . K5 l sn phm b vi x l c lp u tin ca AMD cho dng sn phm CPU x86 , n l mt trong nhng hy vng vo s thnh cng ca AMD . Trong thi gian K5 c mt thnh cng gii hn nhng l mt c hi cho nhng b vi x l m AMD t thit k .

K6 c bt u bng s ra i bi Nx686 , n c i tn sau khi AMD mua li NextGen . NextGen tham gia th trng CPU bng b vi x l theo Socket ca h nhng AMD thay i thit k va vi khe cm chun Socket 7 . K6 l b vi x l tng thch vi MMX c pht hnh gia nm 1997 , mt vi tun sau khi c a ra th trng K6 vt ln trn c Cyrix 6x86MX v ngay lp tc c th trng chp nhn .

c sn xut da trn cngngh 350nm , x l 5 lp v K6 nh hn 20% so vi Pentium Pro v nhiu hn 3.3 triu transistor ( 8.8 triu so vi 5.5 triu transistor ) . K6 c b nh Cache L1 64KB bao gm 32KB cache lnh v 32KB cache Writeback . N nhiugp 4 ln so vi Pentium Pro v gp 2 ln so vi Pentium MMX v Pentium II.

K6 h tr cng ngh MMX ca Intel , bao gm 57 lnh mi x86 c thit k tng tc tnh ton i vi nhng chng trnh Multimedia . Cng nh Pentium Pro K6 c thit k da trn tp lnh RISC ( Reduced Instruction Set Computer ) . RISC86 ca AMD c vi cu trc Superscalar ( thc hin c nhng lnh mt cch lin tc bn trong b vi x l , v d mt lnh ang c thc hin th mt lnh khc ang c gii m , mt lnh khc na ang c phn tch chuyn ti nhng mch logic tng ng ) . K6 c thm nhng cng vic OOO , i tn thanh ghi ( Register Renaming ) , d on r nhnh ( branch prediction ) , thc hin nhng php tnh suy on (speculative )...

K6 c nhng phin bn 166MHz , 200MHz v 233MHz . Hiu nng tnh ton ca n tng ng vi Pentium Pro c cng tc xung nhp m c b nh cache L2 512KB .

N cng c c im chung vi CPU ca Cyric l nhng php tnh du phy ng km hn so vi CPU ca Intel ( Pentium Pro , Pentium II ) . Qu trnh xm nhp nhng sn phm K6 ca AMD t nm 1997 n trc nm 1998 v AMD pht trin cng ngh sn xut CPU da trn 250nm v pht trin K6 vi tc 266MHz v 300MHz.

b. AMD K6-2

B vi x l AMD K6-2 c 9.3 triu transistor c sn xut trn cng ngh 250nm , x l 5 lp . B vi x l c ng gi kiu CPGA (ceramic pin grid array) 321 chn .

K6-2 l s ci tin trong vi cu trc RISC86 , b nh Cache L1 84KB ( b nh Cache d liu 32KB Dual Port , b nh cache lnh 32KB , thm 20KB cache Predecode ) , ci tin Execution Unit lin quan n nhng php tnh du phy ng . Tc tnh ton lin quan n tp lnh MMX so vi CPU tng ng ca Intel th km hn mt cht . u nm 1999 b vi x l nhanh hn vi tc 450MHz .

Trong CPU K6-2 thuc th h sau c s dng cng ngh 3DNow! , 21 lnh mi nng cao so vi nhng lnh chun MMX tng cng tnh ton nhng ng dng 3D .

u nm 2001 K6-2 tc 550MHz c pht hnh c tc cao v l b vi x l cui cng cho dng khe cm Socket 7. Sau c thay th bng mt dng mi cho my tnh bn : b vi x l Duron

c. 3DNow!

Cng mt lc vi pht hnh phin bn K6-2 , vo thng 5 nm 1998 , AMD ly mt phn tng t nh cng ngh Katmai ca Intel m c pht hnh cho ti cui nm sau . Vo cui

thng 3 nm 1999 , AMD tch hp cng ngh 3DNow! vo K6-2 , lm tng hiu qu ca PC v bn c 14 triu n v trn ton th gii .

Bng vic ci tin b vi x l c kh nng tnh ton du phy ng mnh , cng ngh 3DNow! km theo lm tng hiu qu tnh ton ca CPU vi nhng php tnh ho v nhng chng trnh Multimedia .

Qu trnh x l ho s dng Pipeline c 04 tng bao gm :

Physics : CPU thc hin nhng tnh ton tp trung lin quan n du phy ng to nn nhng m phng ca th gii thc v nhng vt th bn trong n .

Geometry - hnh hc : n l s tnh ton nhng thuc tnh c bn ca mi im ca vt th trong khng gian 3 chiu . Nhng thuc tnh bao gm : to XYZ , gi tr mu RGB , hk s phn chiu ....

Setup : CPU bt u x l to nn nhng hnh nh 3D theo lut phi cnh . Nhng lnh bao gm lin quan n hnh dng , kch c , v tr ...

Rendering : cui cng , b phn tng tc ho cung cp hnh nh thc PC a ln mn hnh ,tnh ton tng pixel : mu sc , sng ti , v tr .

Mi mt lnh 3DNow! iu khin hai php ton lin quan n du phy ng v vi cu trc K6-2 cho php thc hin 02 lnh 3DNow! trong mt chu k xung nhp ng h nh vy tng cng n thc hin c 04 lnh lin quan n du phy ng trong mt chu k xung nhp ng h .

Trong thit k bn trong K6-2 c nhng thnh phn Multimedia tnh ton nhng lnh MMX , cng vi 3DNow! c hai kiu c th thc hin cng vic tnh ton mt cch lin tc .

Tt nhin trong Card ho c phn cng tng tc qu trnh tnh ton nhng i vi nhng php tnh lin quan n du phy ng cn phi tnh ton rt nng n . Trong cu trc ca Intel dng Pentium II v Celeron cng c nhng php tnh h tr n phn Trangle SetUp v AMD , Cyrix , IBM cn phi i sau .

Nhng lnh 3DNow! mi cng cn bng mt phn no ca nhng php ton du phy ng Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) tng hiu qu tnh ton hnh hc 3D v m ho MPEG.

ng dng rng ri ca cng ngh 3DNow! cho php Cyrix v IDT/Centaur s dg trong nhng b vi x l ca h .

d. AMD K6-III

Thng 2 nm 1999 , AMD thng bo bt u bn ra th trng b vi x l AMD K6-III 400MHz c tn m sn phm "Sharptooth" v c mu sn phm 450MHz OEM . Mt im nhn trong b vi x l mi ny l thit k "TriLevel Cache ".

Nhng my tnh truyn thng trc kia , CPU c 02 mc b nh Cache :

Cache mc 1 ( Level 1) thng thng nm bn trong Silicon ca CPU . Cache mc 2 ( Level 2) nmg trn Mainboard hoc l mt Module hoc nm trn bng

i lin vi CPU .

Trong thit k b nh cache c mt s quy tc nh : dung lng ln hn , kch thc nh hn , tc nhanh hn tng hiu qu tnh ton ca CPU m khng cn trc tip truy cp vo b nh chm ca h thng RAM ( tng Cache Hit ) .

Nhn ra tm quan trng ca b nh Cache , AMD gii thiu "TriLevel Cache" , thit k tng hiu qu tnh ton ca CPU da trn nn Super7 :

B nh cache L2 Write-back ( d liu c ghi vo Cache bng CPU m khng ghi vo b nh ca h thng RAM ) hot ng cng tc xung nhp bn trong ca CPU AMD K6-III v b sung cho b nh Cache L1 64KB m c chun ho trong tt c b vi x l ca AMD .

Thit k b nh Cache bn trong c nhiu cng ( multiport ) , cho php c , ghi 64-bit vo b nh Cache L1 v L2 mt cch lin tc .

C 04 ng kt hp b nh Cache L2 cho php ti u vic qun l d liu v nng cao hiu qu Cache Hit.

FSB 100MHz , Mainboard Super7 c th thit k b nh Cache t 512KB m rng ti 2MB .

CPU AMD K6-III thit k Cache bn trong Multiport cho php c hai 64KB Cache L1 v 256KB Cache L2 thc hin lin tc c , ghi 64-bit trong mt chu k ng h xung nhp . Multiport c kh nng cho php d liu x l nhanh hn v hiu qu hn thit k Non-port . Nhn AMD K6-III c th truy cp c hai cache L1 v L2 lin tc lm cho hiu qu hot ng CPU nng cao .

AMD tuyn b vi cu hnh Cache mc 3 , Level3, K6-III c kch thc Cache so vi Pentium III ca Intel l 435% . AMD K6-III xut hin trong mt thi gian ngn , trong vi thng sau AMD a ra b vi x l thnh cng vang di l Athlon.

e. AMD Athlon

AMD Athlon c gii thiu ma h nm 1997 , n l sn phm tiu biu ca AMD . N l nim kiu hnh ca AMD i vi sn phm u tin thuc th h th 7 ca b vi x l . Cu trc ca nhn Athlon bao gm nhng thnh phn tt nht c k tha trong Pentium II/III v K6-III , ngoi ra trong n cn c nhng cng ngh mnh hn CPU ca Intel vo thi im .

T Athlon c xut pht t ting Hy lp c c ngha l " chin li phm " hoc " ca tr chi" v Athlon l b vi x l m AMD tm kim tr thnh i th tht s trong mng th trng yu cu my tnh c sc tnh ton mnh hoc cho nhng ngi chi Game.

B vi x l c kch thc 102mm2 , gn 22 triu transistor , n c mt s thnh phn nh sau :

Multiple Decoder : phn gii m (Decoder) c 03 ng dch nhng lnh x86 thnh MacroOPs c di c nh nng cao hiu qu x l lnh . Thay th vic thc hin nhng lnh x86 c di lnh khc nhau t 1 byte ti 15 byte , Athlon x l nhng MacroOps c di c nh .

Instruction Control Unit (ICU) - iu khin lnh : nhng lnh MacroOPs c gii m c gi n Instruction Control Unit (ICU) vi tc 03 MacroOP mt chu k xung nhp ng h . ICU c th tip nhn 72 MacroOPs , ROB (reorder buffer) qun l vic thc hin lnh v nhng lnh c thc hin ca tt c MacroOPs thc hin vic i tn thanh ghi (register renaming) cho nhng php ton . ICU gi nhng MacroOPs ti nhng Execution Unit ph hp tnh ton .

Execution Pipeline : Athlon bao gm c 18 u vo thc hin nhng MacroOPs lin quan n nhng php tnh s nguyn v nhng a ch b nh , c 36 u vo thc hin nhng MacroOPs lin quan n nhng php tnh du phy ng (FPU), MMX , 3DNow!. Nhng Scheduler gi nhng lnh MacroOPs ti 09 Execution Pipeline ( 03 cho tnh ton lin quan n s nguyn , 03 tnh ton lin quan n a ch , v 03 nhng php tnh lin quan n MMX , 3DNow! v nhng tnh ton du phy ng x87 ) .

Superscalar FPU : nhng b vi x l trc ca AMD khi tnh ton v du phy ng so vi Intel th km hn . S yu km ny c gii quyt tho ng bn trong Athlon , n c c im ci tin thc hin kiu OOO ( Out Of Order ) n nhng Execution Unit (FMUL, FADD, v FSTORE) . c im Superscalar cho php CPU c kh nng thc hin nhiu hn mt lnh trong mt chu k xung nhp ng h , Athlon gii thiu cng ngh u tin cho h thng FPU . CPU s y d liu v nhng lnh vo mt ng

ng o ( Virtual pipe ) v nhng on trong ng ng ny c x l cng vic thc hin lin tc , y ca ng ng c kh nng gi 4 d liu 32-bit . Kt qu nu mt php tnh du phy ng cho mt chu k xung nhp ng h th tc xung nhp 600MHz tng ng vi 2.4 Gflops ( Gflops : Gigaflops - 1 t lnh du phy ng / giy ) .

Branch Prediction : CPU Athlon d on nhng kh nng r nhnh ng trong chng trnh phn mm ( nh nhng lnh : Jump , Call , Return ) lm gim thi gian tr trong nhng lnh r nhnh .

System Bus : h thng Bus Athlon u tin chy vi tc xung nhp l 200MHz cho x86 . Da trn giao thc ca Digital c tn l Alpha EV6 vi FSB c th t c 400MHz hoc cao hn , khng nh kiu Bus chia x SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing) c thit k bn trong Pentium III .

Cache Architecture - cu trc Cache : thit k cu trc b nh cache ca Athlon l mt bc tin quan trng . Cache L1 c 128KB ( gp 4 ln so vi Pentium III ) v b nh Cache L2 tc cao c ng d liu 64-bit h tr 512KB ti 8MB .

Enhanced 3DNow! - 3DNow! m rng : trong Pentium III ca Intel c Streaming SIMD Extensions , trong Athlon nhng tp lnh 3DNow! cng c b sung v nng cp . Thm 24 lnh mi vo 21 lnh gc ca 3DNow! trong : 19 lnh ci tin lin quan n nhng php ton MMX v ng dng truyn d liu ca Internet , 05 lnh m rng cho DSP (Digital Signal Processor) Modem , ADLS , Dolby Digital v ng dng MP3 .

Thit k kiu Athlon u tin s dng Slot A , n tng thch vi Slot 1 nhng giao din chn cm khc nhau c ngha l Athlon khng lm vic vi Mainboard Slot 1 . Slot A da trn Bus 200MHz v giao thc Alpha EV6 . N c cung cp Chipset tng ng AMD-750 .

u tin ln lt ra i Athlon vi tc 500,550,600 v 650MHz chng c sn xut da trn cng ngh 250nm . Cui nm 1999 AMD tng tc CPU ti 750MHz , , K75 , c nhn l b vi x l u tin s dg cng ngh sn xut 180nm , 06 lp . N tr thnh CPU nhanh nht trong kiu x86 trong thi k , cui cng Intel p tr bng pht hinh phin bn Pentium III 800MHz .

u nm 2000 , AMD ly li v tr dn u trong cuc ua v tc vi CPU c tc 800 v 850MHz trong khi Intel ang gp tr ngi vi tc 1GHz .

Trn thc t mt vi b vi x l c pht hnh da trn nhn K75 bng vic tng tc xung nhp ng h , nhng c mt tht bi nh l gim tc xung nhp ng h ca b nh Cache L2 m khng bao gi vt qua c tc 350MHz . Cu trc ny gp gii hn nh th cho n khi ThunderBird xut hin

II. Dell vostro 3555

Thit k bn ngoi n gin nhng kh hp dn. B mt bn trong c mu en m. Bn phm v touchpad u c ng vin bc bao quanh tng tnh phong cch cho sn phm. Khung mn hnh, hai cnh bn v mt na ca mt di c lm bng nhm.Nhn chung, cht lng thit k ca my kh tt, chng ti khng nhn thy bt k li no trong thit k. Mn hnh c th ng vo m ra d dng. Dell Vostro 3555 c trng lng ( bao gm c pin 6 cell ) khong 2.47 kg. Adapter ngun c trng lng 390gram. Kch thc ca my la 35x375x260mm, ch mng nht l 30.4mm.

Dell Vostro 3555 vi cng ngh AMD Vision l mt s b sung cho dng Vostro hin c.

My tnh xch tay ny s dng CPU AMD A8-3500M c mt chip ha tch hp. Vi x l

quad core c mc xung l 1.5Ghz v khi kch hot Turbo Mode c th tng mc xung v ci

thin hiu nng ng k. Vostro 3555 c mt mn hnh chng chi 15.6 inch chy phn

gii 1366x768 pixels. Phin bn th nghim ca chng ti cng c 6GB RAM, a cng 2.5

inch dung lng 750GB v a DVD. Dell tch hp mt Webcam FullHD trong sn

phm ny. B nh RAM c ci t bi 2 modole khc nhau 4GB ca Samsung v 2GB

ca Micron.Dell Vostro 3555 gi khong 499 Euro bao gm c thu.Thit kThit k ca

model ny gn ging nh ngi tin nhim trn nn tng Intel ca n : Vostro 3550. S khc

bit chnh gia hai model ny l mu sc, thay v mu , Dell chn kt hp mu bc kim

vi mu ng dnh cho Vostro 3555.

Thit k bn ngoi n gin nhng kh hp dn. B mt bn trong c mu en m. Bn

phm v touchpad u c ng vin bc bao quanh tng tnh phong cch cho sn phm.

Khung mn hnh, hai cnh bn v mt na ca mt di c lm bng nhm.Nhn chung,

cht lng thit k ca my kh tt, chng ti khng nhn thy bt k li no trong thit k.

Mn hnh c th ng vo m ra d dng. Dell Vostro 3555 c trng lng ( bao gm c pin

6 cell ) khong 2.47 kg. Adapter ngun c trng lng 390gram. Kch thc ca my la

35x375x260mm, ch mng nht l 30.4mm.

1. Kt ni Model th nghim ca chng ti c cc cng c t hai cnh bn nh ngi tin nhim Vostro 3550. Tt c cc kt ni c nh v kh tt. Tng cng c 3 cng USB 3.0 c sn trn laptop ny. Mi bn ( mt sau, bn phi, bn tri) c mt cng USB 2.0 .My tnh xch tay ny cng c mt khe cm ExpressCard 34mm, mt ghi a DVD,

hai jack cm m thanh, mt cho tai nghe, mt cho micro pha bn phi. bn tri c mt u c th nh, mt cng eSATA/USB2.0 v mt cng HDMI. Mt sau ca my bao gm cng LAN RJ45 v VGA .c nh v kh tt nn ngi dng c th s dng bt k cng no m khng cn phi quan tm n cc cng cn li . Mt trc ca my khng c cng kt ni v n cng thit giao din cng docking pha di.Ngi dng c th s dng cng RJ45 mt sau ( Gigabit-LAN) cho kt ni Internet c dy hoc WLAN module ( 802.11b/g/n) lt web khng dy. Laptop cng c Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR. ng bun l modem 3G-/UMTS khng c ci t.

Pha trc khng c cng kt ni

Cnh tri: USB 3.0, HDMI, eSATA/USB

1. Bo mt

Vostro 3555 cung cp cc tnh nng bo mt bao gm mt my qut du vn tay cho php s dng cng ngh sinh hc ng nhp my tnh. My qut du vn tay cng c th c dng

vi phn mm DigitalPersona cho cc log-in, chng hn nh email client. Phn mm bo v virus c cung cp t Dell bao gm McAfee Security Center v Trend Micro Worry-Free Business Security Service vi 15 thng min ph. Ngoi ra Dell cng c Absolute Data Protect c ci sn. Sau khi ng k laptop c th c tm thy nu b mt.

2. Ph kin

Cc phn mm i km bao gm DVD driver , sch hng dn s dng my tnh v b adapter ngun. a DVD bao gm c h iu hnh Windows 7 Professional 64 bit ( SP1) , phn mm Worry-Free t Trend Micro v trnh iu khin, cng nh cc ng dng cn thit nh Microsoft Office 2010 phin bn Starter..

3. Bn phm

Bn phm ca Vostro 3550 ging ht vi model ang c th nghim ca chng ti v n cng c n nn backlit. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi s dng c th thy r rng cc k t trn phm ngay c trong bng ti.

Bn phm vi backlight

4. Touchpad

Touchpad c din tch ln vi b mt mu en c t pha trc ca bn phm. Touchpad h tr cm ng a im v cch hot ng tng t nh Vostro 3550.Touchpad c hai phm tng t nh nt bn phi v bn tri ca chut. Ngi dng c th d dng v hiu ha touchpad bng t hp phm Fn + F3. Ngi dng c th nhn bit touchpad c bt hay tt bng popup trn mn hnh hoc n LED .

5. Webcam

Webcam HD c phn gii 2MP c t nh ca my, trn mn hnh 15.6 inch , n c th chp nh hoc quay video,

6. Mn hnh

Model th nghim ca chng ti c mn hnh rng 15.6 inch, phn gii 1366x768 pixel vi t l cc cnh l 16:9. Mn hnh c kh nng chng chi, ngha l n khng gy nhiu nhiu. Mn hnh hoc TV ngoi c th c kt ni qua cng VGA mt sau hoc DMI bn cnh tri. ha tch hp ca CPU l AMD Radeon HD 6620Gchu trch nhim v mng ha. Tht khng may l GPU ny thit VRAM ( b nh video ) v nh vy phi s dng n cc module b nh chnh . sng ca mn hnh dao ng gia 164-180 cd/m2 ( trung bnh l 170.8 cd/m2) . chiu sng ca mn hnh l 91%. Nhng chi tit ny cho thy panel ca 3555 ti hn so vi Vostro 3550.Kt qu o tng phn khi mn hnh c sng ti a l 189:1 v gi tr mu en l 0.87 cd/m2. C th nhn thy rng pha trn u v cc gc cnh sng hn khi mn hnh hin th mu en. u ny c th nh hng n xem video trong ti.

Mn hnh hin th ngoi tri cung cp hnh nh chp nhn c trong iu kin nh sng chiu trc tip. Ni dung trn mn hnh 15.6 inch r rng v d c , video c mu sc khng c sc nt lm. sng gim ng k , nhng iu ny khng lm nh hng nhiu n vic soan th hay lm cng vin vn phng .

Cc gc nhn n nh ca mn hnh rt hn ch. Ni dung trn mn hnh c hin th vi mu sc trung thc v tng phn tt min l ngi dng ang ngi ngay trc mn hnh. Tuy nhin, ngay sau khi thay i v tr ,hnh nh s b o ngc mu.

Khi mn hnh c chuyn sang mt gc 45 hay -45 , ni dung trn mn hnh khng cn nhn thy c na. Hnh nh ni dung qu sng hoc b o mu, lm chng ta khng th quan st bt c th g trn mn hnh mt cch chnh xc.

7. Hiu nng

Dell Vostro 3555 s dng mt CPU QuadCore t AMD . A8-3500M vi AMD Vision chy mc xung 1.5 Ghz c sn xut vi cng ngh dy chuyn 32nm c 1000 triu bng bn dn trn din tch 218 mm2 v c Cache L2 4MB. APU (Accelerated Processing Unit) c th lm vic trn bn lung mt lc v c tnh nng Turbo Core 2.0 ( tng ng cng ngh Turbo Boost ca Intel ) . Khi ch Turbo ny c kch hot, mc xung ca CPU tng ln 2.4Ghz.iu ny c ngha l cc li tng ng ca APU c th c p xung d dng min l c iu kin tn nhit.

Vostro 3555 t 3085 im trong Cinebench R10 (Single Rendering - 64 bit) , ngang bng vi Core i3 2357M 1.3 GHZ v Athlon II P340 @ 2.2 GHz . ch Multi Rendering test (64 bit) , model ny t 6852 im. S im ny ngang bng vi hiu nng ca b x l AMD Phenom II X4 P960. My cng t 1.88 im trong Cinebench R11.5 benchmark .

Laptop ny t 5030 im trong PCMark Vantage. im s ny khng phi l t bi n c th so snh ngang nga vi Intel Core 2 Duo P7550 hoc AMD Phenom II X4 P960. Trong PCMark7 , n t 1634 im.Nu so snh trc tip vi ngi anh em Vostro 3550, r rng l 3555 thua km hn kh nhiu. Trung bnh, Dell Vostro 3555 c s im thp hn 56% so vi ngi tin nhim Vostro 3550 trong Cinebench R10 . Tuy nhin, iu ny c l l do Core i7 2620M (@2.7 GHz) trong Vostro 3550 c sc mnh khng hn nhiu. Ngay c trong PCMark ( -35%) v PCMark7 (-20.6%) V3555 cng c nhiu thua thit.

Model th nghim ca chng ti s dng chip ha tch hp sn trong APU cho nhu cu v ha ca n. GPU tch hp l AMD Radeon HD 6620G vi kh nng h tr DirectX11 c cho l cng cp vi Radeon HD 5650 - mt card ha tm trung. Ngoi ra, chip ha ca AMD c nh gi mnh hn nhiu so vi HD 3000 ca Intel tch hp trong vi x l Core I Sandy Brigde.Trong Futuremark benchmarks, hiu sut ha v 3D ca AMD Radeon HD 6620G nm mc d kin : 15023 im (3D Mark 2001SE), 10589 im (3D Mark 03), v 7033 im (3D Mark 05). Cc my tnh xch tay ca Dell thc hin c bit tt i vi th nghim 3D Mark 06 vi 4053 im. Cui cng, chun ha mi nht ca FutureMark, 3Dmark 11 ghi c 809 im.

Khi so snh hiu nng ha ca 2 model ( 3055 v 3555 ) , chng ti nhn thy rng 3555 c ha yu hn. Vostro 3550 s dng Radeon HD 6630M trong khi 3555 s dng Radeon HD 6620G. Cc kt qu benmark cho thy Vostro 3555 km hn khong 31% so vi Vostro 3550. Tuy vy, AMD Radeon HD 6620G li mnh hn khong 13.6% so vi ha tch hp HD Graphics 3000.

8. Stress Test

Nhit ca 4 li CPU A8-3500 hu nh khng tng trong th nghim Stress Test ca chng ti. ( s dng prime95 v Furmark) . Xung ca vi x l dao ng nh trong phm vi 1.5Ghz, tnh nng Turbo Mode hu nh khng c s dng. Trong 90 pht th nghim th mc xung chun (1.5Ghz) hu nh c gi nguyn trong ton b thi gian .

9. Hiu sut cng

Dell Vostro 3555 s dng mt a 2.5 inch ca Seagate lu tr d liu. a cng ny thuc model ST9750420AS c tc 7200rpm v dung lng 750GB. a cng thuc dng Momentus v c cng Serial-ATA vi b m 16MB. Tc trung bnh l 91.9MB/s o c bng HD Tune Pro. Nhng gi tr ny c xc nhn qua hai chng trnh test l Crystal Disk Mark v AS SSD. AS SSD l cng c dnh cho a SSD nhng n cng hot ng tt vi cc a khc.

10. Hiu sut Games

ha tch hp ca A8-3500M l AMD Radeon HD 6620G thc hin tt cc th nghim v games. Trong Dirt3, "Trackmania Nation Forever" v "Fifa 11" , card tch hp ca AMD c th cung cp n 170fps phn gii 800x600. Vi phn gii 1024x , hiu sut gim xung : Dirt 3 l 36fps ( vn c th chi ) . FIFA 11 v TMN c th chy c vi tt c cc phn gii. Mafia 2 c th chy 35fps vi phn gii 800x600. Mt so snh nh : HD 3000 ca Intel ch c th chy Mafia 2 9fps vi phn gii 800x600. xem cc games chy trn card ha ca AMD nh th no, hy nhn vo bng hiu sut ca chng ti .

11. Ting n

Mc d Vostro 3555 khng chy GPU c hiu sut cao ( A8-3500M) nhng qut lm mt ca my lun lun chy ngay c khi nhn ri. Khi nhn ri, n o c ca my l 33.3dB. Khi

trnh chiu DVD gy ra ting n 35.9dB ( khong cch gia my v thit b o l 15cm) . Ngay c khi full load th laptop cng ch t 35.9dB v n. cng hot ng kh m i cho d tc quay l 7200rpm. n gim i nhiu so vi ngi tin nhim 3550.

12. Nhit

Nhit hot ng ca my kh thp trong th nghim ca chng ti. Vostro 3555 thc hin tt vn nhit nh vo CPU tit kim nng lng (AMD A-Series A8-3500M) . My hot ng kh mt m ngay c khi phn cng full load vi 40.6 C.. Cc my tnh khc thng t 50 C trong iu kin tng t. B mt pha trc bn phm v touchpad lun mt m vi nhit ti a l 30.6 C.Khi my tnh trng thi nhn ri hoc s dng cho cng vic vn phng n gin hay lt web th nhit trn b mt l 29.5 C v mt di l 33 C.

13. Pin

Lng tiu th in nng ca Vostro 3555 trong ch standby nm mc 0.9W. Thit b o ca chng ti cho thy lng in tiu th trong khi tt l 1W. Khi nhn ri, in nng tiu th l 9.1 n 13.3 W. Tiu th in nng cao nht c th vi iu kin full load, sng ti a, khng c sc v bt WLAN l 55W.Pin ca Vostro 3555 c 6cell ging nh Vostro 3550.Pin Lithium-Ion c thi lng s dng l 1 gi 23 pht ( thi gian ti thiu ) trong ln u tin ca Classic Test t BatteryEater. Trong Readers Test ( sng mn hnh ti thiu, tit kim nng lng c bt ) , thi lng pin l 5 gi 48 pht. Ngi dng c th lt web qua wifi lin tc trong 2 gi 52 pht hoc trnh chiu DVD trong 1 gi 50 pht. Sc li pin mt khong 137 pht.

C mt iu th v l mc d h thng tiu th t in nng hn v c thi lng pin lu hn khi nhn ri, nhng Vostro 3550 trn nn tng Intel li c thi gian lt web qua WIFI hoc trnh chiu DVD lu hn. C v nh Model 3555 khng th tip tc t ho vi kh nng tit kim in nng ca mnh.

Kt lun

Vostro 3555 c mn hnh 15.6 inch HD , c backlit v phn gii gc l 1366x768. Mn hnh chng chi gip ngi dng c th tp trung hn vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin nhc im ca n l gc nhn hp v ngoi tri mu sc khng trung thc lm. Bn trong, vi x l quadcore AMD A8-3500M chy vi ha tch hp Radeon HD 6620G), 6 GBs RAM (1x 4 GB + 1x 2 GB) v 750GB cng. Dell thng bo rng Vostro 3555 s c gi 499 Euro. Hin nay , cu hnh chng ti th nghim c sn ti ca hng trc tuyn ca Dell ( + gim gi ) cho 499 Euro.

Vostro 3555 c mn hnh 15.6 inch HD , c backlit v phn gii gc l 1366x768. Mn

hnh chng chi gip ngi dng c th tp trung hn vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin nhc

im ca n l gc nhn hp v ngoi tri mu sc khng trung thc lm. Bn trong, vi

x l quadcore AMD A8-3500M chy vi ha tch hp Radeon HD 6620G), 6 GBs RAM

(1x 4 GB + 1x 2 GB) v 750GB cng. Dell thng bo rng Vostro 3555 s c gi 499

Euro. Hin nay , cu hnh chng ti th nghim c sn ti ca hng trc tuyn ca

Dell ( + gim gi ) cho 499 Euro.

III. Cc ti liu c s dng trong bo co 1.

http://diendan.yeulaptop.com/danh-gia-dell-vostro-3555-suc-manh-amd-fusion-

258286.html

2.

http://www.notebookreview.com/default.asp?newsID=6155&review=amd+aseries+llan

o+apu+radeon+graphics