Bangladesh Progress of Flood Reconstruction ProgrammesPresented byAhmadul HassanDivision Head, R & D and Training/Water Resources PlannerE-mail: ahassan@cegisbd.comCenter for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS)Dhaka, Bangladesh

Geographical ContextClimate: Pre-monsoon : March MayMonsoon: June SeptemberPos-monsoon: October - NovemberDry season: December FebruaryAverage Annual Rainfall: 2200-2500 mmAverage temperature : 25 35 oc (falls below 10 oc in winter)Topography: Largest delta in the world80% area is the floodplains of three major rivers (Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna)Hilly area is 12 % and terrace area is 8%Land elevation varies from 3 to 90 m MSLMore than 50% of the flood plain within 5 m MSL

Floods in BangladeshTypes :Flash flood: Rainfed floodRiver floodFlood due to storm surgesFlood Classification and Probability of Occurrence

Floods in BangladeshMore frequent extreme floodHigher economic loss

More macro and micro infrastructure damage

Loss198819982004No. of Livestock killed172,00026,5648,318Crops damage (m.ha)2.121.741.30Deaths2,3001,100747Rice prod. Loss (m MT)1.652.061.00No. of People affected45 million31 million36 millionRoads damaged (km)13,00015,92727,970Percent of land inundated606838No. of homes damaged/ destroyed7.2 million980,0004 millionTotal LossessTk. 82.6 billion(USD 1.4 billion)Tk 118 billion(USD 2 billion)Tk. 134 billion(USD 2.3 billion)

Flood MeasuresStructural Measures:- Three types: Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation- From 1960, about 684 numbers of large, medium and small flood control projects. - Protects 5.9 million ha out of 8 million ha flood vulnerable area- Total investment about US$ 4 billionGoal: Poverty reductionObjectives: Food security- more cereal productions, culture fisheries and reduce damagesSafety protect micro and macro investmentsNon- Structural Measures:- Flood zoning difficult to implement- Flood Insurance Currently initiated by NGOs and GOs- Early warning FFWC forecast with 3 days lead time and planning to increase upto 10 days lead time for more preparedness at all levelsImplementing AgencyMedium to large : BWDB, Ministry of Water ResourcesSmall: LGED, Ministry of Local GovernmentImplementing AgencyEarly Warning : FFWC/ BWDB

Flood 2004Figure: FFWC Model generated flood inundation map Causes- Flash flood (April): 70% excess rainfall in Northeastern region and 33% excess rainfall in Southeastern region. Sylhet, Sunamganj and Chittagang areas are affected- Flood due to storm surge (May 17-19): Chittagang coastal area is affected - River flood (July): Brahmaputra and Meghna basins received 30 %and 42% excess rainfall. River stage of Meghna at Chandpur remained 1.1 m high from danger level for 45 days. 38% area (39 districts) was very severely flooded.- Rainfed flooding (September 12 17): Unexpected torrential rain flooded 12 districts

Flood Damage in 2004Damages of Flood Control Structures

BWDBs Initial Assessment: 6.08 billion TakaBWDBs assessment by Consultants: 7.8 billion Taka (US$

InfrastructureTotal QuantityTotal ( Taka in billion)Embankment Full (km) Part (km)14723902.397Irrigation canal/ Drainage canal Full (km) Part (km) WCS (Nos) Full (km) Part (km)

219336

35400

0.248

0.615Project Work Full (km) Part (km)10 km, 2-spur & 1-T groyne35 km, 15-spur & 2-groyne4.416Others (Nos) ItemDifferent Items0.128Grand Total 7.803

Flood Reconstruction ProgrammesFlood Damage Category I Flood protection embankments/ road II Irrigation canals / Drainage channels III Structures ( Water regulators, sluice, irrigation inlets, etc. IV River training / town protection works V Others (Guard shed, pump house, etc.)Flood Damage Priority

PriorityCriteriaEmergency WorkDuring 2004-05Immediately needed to execute to stop further damages to infrastructure, countrys general economy and damages to public infrastructures. Do not require any modification of existing design or do not need any land acquisitionShort Term WorkDuring 2005-06Works of an emergency nature and economic priority.Work need to be carried over from 2004 05 yearWill require further investigation and designWill need land acquisitionDamage intensity comparatively less than that of emergency termMid Term WorkDuring 2006-07Works need to be carried over from 2005 06Will need land acquisitionDamage intensity comparatively less

Emergency Reconstruction Programmes for Flood 2004Total No. of Projects: 201ABD funded: 185GOB funded: 16

ADB financed project: Emergency Flood Damage Rehabilitation Project (component D)ABD and GOB provides 42. 8 m USDProject Duration: 3 yearsShort Term and Mid Term programmes are waiting for fund

Infrastructures FullPartEmbankments (km)1581517Irrigation canal/ Drainage channels (km)134100Water control structure (nos)29522Protective works (km)9.522

Non-structural MeasuresEarly Warning

Implementing Agency: FFWCCoverage: 60% of river floodplain (52 locations)Lead Time: 72 houresProduce: Flood buletine and warning messageDissemination media: website, fax, mobile

Plan: - Increase lead time upto 10 days- Extent coverage area upto village- Package EW more usefull and response oriented

ADB considering this project called Strengthening EWS in Bangladesh

Proposed EW Programmes

Benefit from Proposed EWS Programme Damage profile for HouseholdYearly benefit = Tk. 2,643 MillionDamage profile for AgricultureYearly benefit = Tk. 1,708 MillionDamage profile for InfrastructureYearly benefit = Tk. 662 Million

ConclusionProtective structure not well maintained due to lack of O & M fund. 2.5 % normally allocated but reality 1- 1.5 % really used for maintenance.Flood control embankments, if not maintained beyond 5-10 years, become vulnerable to extreme floodsBeneficiaries are not made responsible for maintaining and managing the structures. No well accepted Damage Assessment Procedure in placeEW messages are not fully utilized by infrastructure managersIn addition to maintaining existing flood control measures, EWS can be utilize to reduce damage as well as O & M cost

Increase O & M fund. Protective structure should be regularly maintained and regular inspection should carried out to ensure regular maintenanceSmall flood management project should be managed by the stakeholders.Medium and Large flood management projects should be managed by both BWDB and stakeholders. End-to-End EWS with sufficient lead time should be taken up by the government.Recommendations

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