bamun xii handbook
DESCRIPTION
Rules of procedure BAMUN XIITRANSCRIPT
BAMUN XII BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS
MARYMOUNT SCHOOL
HANDBOOK
1
3 WELCOME TO BARRANQUILLA
5 WELCOME FROM THE
SECRETARY GENERAL
7 CONFERENCE SCHECULE
8 COMMITTEE INFORMATION
10 THE 6 C’s OF ORATORY 12 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
13 RULES OF PROCEDURE 15 MODUS OPERANDI
20 PARLAMENTARY PROCEDURES
22 RESOLUTION WRITTING
INDEX
2
28 PERSONAL ADMINISTRATIVO
29 REGLAMENTO
31 MODUS OPERANDI
36 PROCEDIMIENTOS
PARLAMENTARIOS
40 GUIDE TO BARRANQUILLA
3
WELCOME TO BARRANQUILLA!
MARYMOUNT SCHOOL and our Model United Nations students and sponsors welcome you to
Barranquilla.
It is our hope that this, our Twelfth Model United Nations Conference in Barranquilla, will be
the best and most enjoyable MUN experience you have ever had.
To achieve this aim, it is imperative that each delegate is aware of, and observes the official protocol
of the Model United Nations.
• The guiding principle of Model United Nations’ protocol is mutual respect.
• The standard of conduct is that of an international diplomat.
• Thoughtfulness for others is the insignia of each member.
CODE OF CONDUCT
Positive language and a soft tone of voice are used to communicate in public places.
Committee work is at the heart of the MUN conference; good manners and seriousness of
purpose characterize the conduct of each delegate during committee discussions.
During breakfast and lunch, which take place in the dining room, table etiquette is
observed. Informal snacks are enjoyed in the designated areas only. Please use
wastebaskets for trash.
All delegates MUST FOLLOW the MUN dress code. Young men MUST wear at every
moment suits and ties; young ladies may wear knee-length skirts, slacks, full-length blouses,
suits, or knee-length dresses. Appropriate accessories complete the outfits. Young ladies
MAY NOT wear mini-skirts, short-length blouses, mini-dresses, or jeans.
Expulsion from the conference and a letter to the delegate’s school may be the
consequence of the following:
• Smoking or drinking at any time in any place
• Willful property damage
• Leaving the conference site without authorized permission
4
• Conduct not fitting a delegate
• Signs of a hangover
• Strong discussion and/or fights
• Any kind of plagiarism
The BAMUN XII Staff establishes that every delegate, member of press, logistics, and security is
subject, with no exceptions, to follow BAMUN XII´S CODE OF CONDUCT at all times. The
BAMUN XII Staff is determined to use designated penalty mechanisms in response to improper
behaviors. These include suspension of the committee for a period of time, expulsion from
BAMUN XII, expulsion from BAMUN, a letter to the delegate’s school, etc.
“Dest iny is not a matter o f chance ; i t i s a matter o f choice .
I t i s not a thing to be waited for ; i t i s a thing to be achieved.”
W il l iam Jennings
Br yan
5
Welcome from the Secretary General
On behalf of the entire Marymount Family, I would like to welcome you all to BAMUN XII. There are moments when we find ourselves starring at a blank canvas; it is up to us to decide what color comes next. The choices we make in those moments can define the rest of our days. And, of course when faced with the unknown, most of us prefer to turn around and leave it untouched. Most people prefer to stand and observe unseen, rather than to be the artists of the righteous and it is through these expressions that we set our future. When you shape that blank canvas with your emotions, dreams, and goals you are able to get a glimpse of what that future will be like. You find something just beyond the pain of going it alone, and just beyond the bravery and courage it takes to paint that change, something beyond the quiet persistence of a dream. Each of us gets the chance to express ourselves, to make our different opinions count. It is through what we see and through our unique brushstrokes that we are able to paint a worldwide future. If we settle on what is already in front of us and don’t work for progress, peace, and prosperity what really is our role on earth? We must speak up for what we believe in and make those changes that need to be made, because being a leader is not just about demanding from others; instead, being a leader is about being heard, showing and acting by example, and reaching those people around you. It's only when you're tested that you discover who you truly are, and it is then that you discover who you can be. Go ahead and decide what color you want your future to be and what you want from it, because the person you want to be does exist, somewhere on the other side of hard work, faith and belief, beyond the heartache and fear of what lies ahead.
6
Life is short, and opportunities are rare. We have to be vigilant in protecting them, not only the opportunities to succeed, but also the opportunities to laugh, to see the enchantment in the world and to live, because life doesn’t owe us anything. As a matter of fact, I think that we owe something to the world. Our biggest regrets are not for the things we have done but for the things we haven’t done and said that might have made a difference for someone. So truly I believe that our choices matter, that one life can make a change, and that it is our obligation here on Earth to make those changes for our society. As young citizens, we are always looking up to leaders, to learn from them, to behave like them; they are embodiments of those goals we want to achieve. Growing up I have looked up to different people, how they have made a change. We as future leaders must work for this radiance, to make this world one of brotherhood, to show that together we are tomorrow’s change. Once again welcome to BAMUN XII and, more than sitting in a room for four days debating about what could be done, let’s get to solutions that can be executed, because it is not who we are in this world, it is instead what we can bring to it. Years ago a seed was implanted in me, a love for this model was left in my heart; and today I can say that it truly has changed my life, and I hope I can pass that on to others. It gives you a certain will, it makes you want to make a change, want to be a better person, and work hard to make that seed sprout into something marvelous. So go ahead, take out your colored pencils, paints, and brush; set aims and goals, and take advantage of opportunities. But most importantly know that together we can make it happen, so start now and PAINT YOUR FUTURE! PAULETTE YIDI CURE Secretary General BAMUN XII
7
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS SCHEDULE
Friday, November 2, 2012 Activity Place
8:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. INSCRIPTIONS Hotel Dann
Carlton
6:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. OPENING BAMUN XII Marymount School
CEREMONY Auditorium
RECEPTION Student Center
*Pr ess Room: Hote l Dann Carl ton Room
*Curf ew: 12:30 a.m.
Saturday, November 3 and Sunday, November 4, 2012 Hotel Dann Carlton
8:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. COMMITTEE WORK
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. Coffee Break
10:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. COMMITTEE WORK
12: 00 p.m. – 1: 00 p.m. Lunch Time
1: 00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. COMMITTEE WORK
* Pr ess Room: Hote l Dann Carl ton Room
* Curf ew: 12:30 a.m.
Monday, November 5, 2012
8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. GENERAL ASSEMBLY Hotel Dann Carlton
Room: Lluvia de Oro
12:00 p.m. – 1:20 p.m. Lunch Time
1:30 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. CLOSING CEREMONY Hotel Dann Carlton
Room: Lluvia de Oro
*Pr ess Room: Hote l Dann Carl ton Room
8
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS COMMITTEE INFORMATION
A. General Assembly
1. First Committee : DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY
Presidents: Juan Pablo Espinosa Maria Alicia Movilla
Topics: - Institution of Post-Conflict Arms and Troops Control.
- Protection of Civilians during Warfare
2. Third Committee : SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN
COMMITTEE
Presidents: Jaime Amin Mario Serrano Topics: - Legitimacy of Revolutionary Movements in the
Context of Sovereignty - Displacement of Palestinian Refugees and their Right to Return
3. Four th Committee : SPECIAL POLITICAL AND
DECOLONIZATION COMMITTEE
Presidents: Roxana Restrepo Carolina Mercado Topics: - Combatting Human Trafficking.
- Advancing Women and Indigenous peoples n Government and Politics.
3. Sixth Committee : LEGAL COMMITTEE
Presidentes: Andres Donado Wadid Chahin
Temas: - Reformas al Consejo de Seguridad - Ejecuciones Extra Judiciales
9
B. Economic and Social Council
Presidents: Vanessa Jadad Camilo Espinosa
Topics: - Workers’ Rights and the Situation in Spain - QCPR Process
C. Security Council
Presidents: Daniel Dada Carol Saade Eduardo Enamorado Topic: -North Korean Space Program and its Threat to
International Security -Conflict in the Kuril Islands
D. OEA - Organización de Estados Americanos
Presidentes: Marianna Caballero Daniella Alvarez
Temas: -Repercuciones de la Sociedad Civil -Disputa por Territorios Insulares y Fronteras Maritimas
10
THE SIX “C’s” OF ORATORY
1 CONFIDENT: Confidence is portrayed by being as knowledgeable as possible on
your subject and conveying this knowledge through the power of your voice and eyes.
As a Model U.N. Secretary General, President or Delegate, you are the authority and
representative of your respective country. Research well and speak as if you know you
are undoubtedly right. As the speaker, you must have confidence in yourself; otherwise
the audience will have little confidence in you.
2 CLEAR: A speaker can do many things beforehand to assist him/her in speaking
clearly. Write an outline of the topics that are going to be said, and follow it when
speaking. Always speak slowly. This will allow the audience to hear everything that is
said. Know your terminology well beforehand to avoid fumbling with words. Try to
enunciate words properly, considering the diversity of the audience. English might not
be their first language.
3 CONCISE: A good public speaker presents his/her points in a clean and clear-cut
fashion. Unnecessary words and information should not be used to fill in the speech.
The speech should be brief and to the point, say what you have to say and if you are a
delegate, open the floor to questions. Do not ramble on about the topic in order to
appear knowledgeable.
4 CONSTRUCT: An effective public speech needs to be constructed properly. Start
with a solid foundation that brings together all of your ideas, present your points, and
then connect them by reviewing what was said. There should be an introduction, a
body, and a conclusion. It is a known fact that three is a magic number. Say it once, say
it and review it, then say it again. This method will help the audience to remember what
was said.
5 "CON PASIÓN": It is always important to speak from the heart--with passion--
hence the Spanish term "con pasión". Always maintain eye contact with the audience.
11
In doing so the audience will feel connected to you and your speech. This is what you
want. You want to grab and to hold the audience's attention.
6 CRITIQUE: It is better to critique than to criticize. Critiquing is constructive and
allows for people to grow and improve. Criticizing brings peoples' motivation and
confidence down. A critique should be accepted positively, since it is a tool that is used
to strengthen one's public speaking.
These six "C's" are necessary and should be included in the research, writing, and delivery
of the speech. It is also important to consider engaging the audience when forming and
delivering a speech.
Mr. Anthony Hogan, Model UN Inter nat ional
Taken fr om:
htt p://students. j c c c .net/un/publ i csp.htm
12
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Secretary General
Oversees the coordination of the various groups (press, floor secretaries, and committees)
involved in the conference activity, and works directly with the MUN members. He or she
also conducts the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. He or she should be actively involved
in lobbying meditation efforts, and as such should be familiar with all official resolutions.
The Secretary General monitors the work of the resolution co-ordination team consisting
of the presidents of the General Assembly. Questions about parliamentary procedure,
resolution format, and order of the agenda should be addressed to him or her.
Director General
Assists the Secretary General in the coordination of the works directly with the MUN staff
members (Logistics, Press and Security).. He or she should be actively involved in all
logistic development of the event. He or she chairs all staff and assist Secretary General in
Opening and Closing Ceremony.
President
Assists the Secretary General in the coordination and direction of the various groups
involved in the conference activity, including contact with the head floor secretaries. He or
she chairs one of the committees, and assists the Secretary General in the Opening and
Closing Ceremonies.
Members of the Press Corps
The main responsibility of the members of the press corps is to keep all participants
informed. To this end, they must issue a daily bulletin with updated information of
conference events.
President Assistants
They maintain an orderly and timely communication between the various segments of the
conference by carrying written messages between delegations, and from the delegations to
the Chair. They control the entrance and exits in the debate hall, and carry out other
assignments appointed by the Chair.
13
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS RULES OF PROCEDURE
SCOPE
The rules included in this guide are applicable to all committees of BAMUN XII. Each rule is self-reliant unless modified by the Secretariat, in which case, the modification will be deemed adopted from before the session begins. No other rules of procedure apply. If a situation arises which has not been addressed by the Rules of Procedure, the Committee Chair will be the final authority on which rule to apply.
LANGUAGE
English will be the official and working language of the conference. If a delegate wishes to present a document written in a language other than English, the delegate will have to provide a translation to the committee staff that will then distribute the translated version to the rest of the committee. The only exception will be in the LEGAL and Organization of American States committees which language will be Spanish
REPRESENTATION
A member of the Committee is a representative who is officially registered with the Conference. Each member will be represented by one delegate and will have one vote on each Committee.
PARTICIPATION OF NON-MEMBERS
Representatives of Accredited Observers will have the same rights as those of full members, except that they may not sign or vote on draft resolutions or amendments. These representatives reserve the right to vote only on procedural matters but not substantive matters. A representative of an organization that is not a member of the United Nations or an Accredited Observer may address a Committee at any time.
STATEMENTS BY THE SECRETARIAT
The Secretary-General or a member of the Secretariat designated by him/her may at any time reserve the right to make either written or oral statements to the Committee.
GENERAL POWERS OF THE COMMITTEE STAFF
The Committee Staff consists of the Committee Chair and three or four Assistant Chairs. Each Committee session will be announced open and closed by the Committee Chair who may also propose the adoption of any procedural motion to which there is no significant objection. The Chair, subject to these rules, will have complete control of the proceedings at any meeting. The Chair will direct the flow of debate, grant the right to speak, ask questions, announce decisions,
14
rule on points of order, and ensure and enforce the adherence to these rules. If necessary and given no objections, the Committee Chair may choose to suspend the rules in order to clarify a certain substantive or procedural issue. Committee staff members may also advise delegations on the possible course of debate. In the exercise of these functions, the Committee staff will be at all times subject to these rules and responsible to the Secretary-General.
QUORUM
Quorum denotes the minimum number of delegates who need to be present in order to open debate. Quorum is met, and the Chair declares a Committee open to proceed debate when at least two thirds of the members of the Committee are present. A quorum will be assumed to be present unless specifically challenged and shown to be absent. A roll call is never required to determine the presence of a quorum. In order to vote on any substantive motion, the Committee must establish the presence of a simple majority of members.
COURTESY
Every delegate will be courteous and respectful to the Committee staff and to other delegates. The Chair will immediately call to order any delegate who does not abide by with this rule. Any delegate who feels that he or she is not being treated respectfully is encouraged to report the incident to the Chair of the committee who will then follow the appropriate protocol.
ELECTRONIC AIDS
Delegates are not permitted to use any type of electronic device with the exception of laptops, in the committee room when the committee has been convened. All electronic use must occur outside of the committee room unless otherwise specified by the Chair.
DELEGATE CONDUCT
Delegates are warned that BAMUN XII has a zero-tolerance policy concerning slandering, disparaging, or any other actions that are inflammatory to other delegates. Neither speeches nor debates with other delegates may contain such remarks. Those delegates who believe that their countries’ policies merit such conduct are advised to consult the chair before taking any action.
CHAIR INTERVENTION - WARNINGS: A delegation may receive a warning for arriving late to a session, for breaking one of the BAMUN XII rules, or for not cooperating with the direction of the Chair. If a delegation receives three and five warnings, the delegation will be escorted from the debate hall by the Administrative Staff for the length of time prescribed by the Chair. When a delegation reaches a seventh warning, the delegate will have to leave the Conference for the time remaining.
15
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED MODUS OPERANDI
ROLL CALL
The chair must call every delegation to be present to determine whether there is quorum or not. As the chair calls each delegation the delegates should raise their placards and answer, “PRESENT” or “PRESENT AND VOTING” (Any delegation that participates as an observer in any commission can not answer present and voting).
MINUTE OF SILENCE
The Minute of silence is dedicated to commemorate the creation of the United Nations as a source of peace keeping and international coalition. All delegates should stand up and keep silence; any delegate who disturbs the minute of silence in any type of way will be warned.
AGENDA
The agenda should be opened on the first day of committee work with the motion: “motion to open the agenda”. At the end of each day the agenda should be suspended with the motion: “motion to suspend the agenda”, and on the last day of the conference the agenda is finally closed through a “motion to close agenda”.
OPENING SPEECHES
A space is opened for delegates to read their respective opening speeches in which they should state their countries position on both topics. Delegates will be called in alphabetical order and they will be given one minute and a half to read their speech (The time 313consideration). Opening speeches are mandatory.
Note: In the case of the Security Council 2 speeches are required, one for each topic.
SESSION
After reading opening speeches the chair will entertain a “Motion to Open Session”. This motion should be done as follows: “Motion to Open Session with topic (A or B, saying the complete name of the topic.). The session is suspended through a “Motion to suspend the session” each time the delegates leave the committee to take a recess. The session is closed through a “Motion to close the session” only when the chosen topic has been debated and the working papers have been voted.
Note: In the case of the Security Council the session is opened before reading opening speeches since there is one speech per topic.
16
FORMAL DEBATE (SPEAKER’S LIST)
After starting the session protocol indicates a formal debate must be initiated. This gives delegates the opportunity to expand their position regarding the topic at hand. The Formal Debate or Speakers List is initiated through a motion to open a speakers’ list including the time per delegate and the number of points of information that can be made to the delegates. Ex) Motion to open a speakers’ list, one minute and a half per speaker and 2 points of information. The chair will entertain this motion and will modify the time per speaker and the points of information if necessary. The motion will be voted on immediately and requires a simple majority to pass.
A delegate will be placed on this list by raising his or her placard while seated, or by sending a note to the Chair.
A delegate will be called upon to address the Committee when the name of his or her country appears next on the Speakers’ List. No delegate may address a session without first having obtained recognition from the Chair.
The speakers’ list is always open and can only be suspended through a motion to suspend the speakers’ list. To renew the speakers’ list a “Motion to renew the speakers’ list” must be realized.
Note: In the Security Council the Speakers’ List is opened after reading the opening statements.
MODERATED CAUCUS (INFORMAL DEBATE)
The purpose of the Moderated Caucus is to facilitate substantive debate at critical junctures in the discussion. The Committee will temporarily depart from the Speaker’s List through a “Motion to suspend the speakers list” and start a moderated caucus through a “Motion to start with an moderated caucus”. From this moment on the Chair will call on delegates to speak on their discretion. When making the motion, the delegate must state a time limit for the caucus. The motion will be voted on immediately and requires a simple majority to pass. The Chair may consider this motion out of order. Motions to extend debate require a simple majority to pass.
UN-MODERATED CAUCUS (LOBBYING)
An un-moderate caucus is used specifically to start writing and discussing resolutions. A time limit must be specified. Unless the Chair considers it out of order, this motion shall proceed to an immediate vote, requiring a simple majority to pass. During an un-moderate caucus, formal rules are suspended, and members may discuss issues informally.
17
WORKING PAPERS
A working paper is a vehicle for the discussion and formulation of a resolution. A working paper is not formally introduced to the Committee and is not put to the vote. Working papers must be approved by the Chair, and must have at least two thirds of the assembly as signatories. Working papers are one step below being a resolution, and many are often combined into one.
RESOLUTIONS The goal of the Committee is the drafting and debate of resolutions. A resolution shall not be introduced to a Committee until it has been typed, authorized by the Chair, and displayed. To introduce a resolution, a motion must be made. At this time, no substantive comments are in order, but the Chair may allow the delegate introducing the resolution to correct any typographical errors in the displayed copy of the resolution. Afterwards, the delegates introducing the resolution may open themselves to a maximum of three points of information concerning substantive matters, and once these have been answered, the resolution might be open for formal or informal debate depending on the Chair’s consideration. In case there is debate a new Speakers’ List shall be opened by way of a motion, with time in favor and against. A resolution must have a minimum of two sponsors. Sponsors are those members who present the resolution to the Chair. A resolution must also have a minimum number of signatories, such that the total of sponsors and signatories together equals or exceeds two thirds of the members of the committee. Signatories are members who consent to the introduction of the resolution; signatories have no further rights or obligations. Any delegate(s) wishing to be added to the list of sponsors must have the approval of all existing sponsors. Upon receipt of such an approval, the Chair shall announce the addition of the new sponsor(s) to the resolution. Sponsors of a resolution may not vote against their resolution. However, they may withdraw their sponsorship before the commencement of voting on that resolution. If all the sponsors of a resolution withdraw their support, the Chair may solicit other delegates to sponsor it. If there are no sponsors, the resolution cannot be considered for debate and shall be considered rejected. There shall only be one resolution on the floor at a time. A resolution requires a simple majority vote for passage in Committees, and a two-thirds majority vote for passage in the General Assembly. A motion to table a resolution can only be made immediately after the resolution has been introduced to the committee. If the Chair decides to accept the motion, a debate will be opened with two speakers in favor and two speakers against the motion, which will then be put to vote and will only pass with a two-thirds majority.
18
AMENDMENTS An amendment shall not be introduced to a Committee until the Chair has approved it. A delegate may move to amend any resolution that has been introduced. There are two types of amendments:
Friendly Amendments. If an amendment to a resolution receives the approval of all the sponsors, the amendment is automatically incorporated into the resolution upon introduction to the Committee. It is not required for the signatories to approve of the amendment.
Unfriendly Amendments. An amendment that does not have the approval of all the sponsors is considered an unfriendly amendment. It requires the support of one quarter of the assembly to be voted upon.
An unfriendly amendment suspends debate on the resolution. If considered necessary the Chair shall recognize at least one speaker for and one speaker against the amendment. The speakers may yield or take questions. The Chair may apply a time limit. The amendment is then voted upon, unless a delegate moves to extend debate on the amendment.
Motions to extend debate on an amendment require a simple majority to pass. The motion to extend debate has the effect of the Chair recognizing two more speakers for and two more speakers against the amendment.
The Chair may limit the number of amendments to a resolution or may recommend that multiple delegates moving to amend a resolution caucus for the purposes of consolidation. The Chair may rule any amendment out of order if, in his or her opinion, it drastically alters the intent of the resolution. Amendments to amendments are not in order.
An amendment requires a simple majority vote for passage in Committees, and a two-thirds majority vote for passage in the General Assembly.
DIVISION OF THE QUESTION After debate closes on a resolution or amendment, a delegate may move that the operative clauses of the resolution or amendment be voted upon individually. The motion will immediately be voted upon and requires a simple majority to pass. If the motion passes, the clauses of the proposal shall be voted upon individually. No further vote is required on the clauses that pass. If all the operative clauses of a resolution are rejected, the resolution is considered rejected. VOTING Prior to the commencement of voting on substantive matters, all members shall take their seats and the doors to the room shall be closed. No one shall be permitted to enter or leave the room during the conduct of the vote. No points may interrupt the voting procedure, except points directly concerned with the conduct of the voting procedure (points of order).
19
Each country seated in a Committee shall have one vote with the exception of observer countries. Countries that abstain from voting shall not be considered in reckoning the totals needed to determine the results of the vote. For a resolution to pass in a Committee, a 50% + 1 majority vote is required. For a resolution to pass in the General Assembly, a two-thirds majority vote is required.
Issues resulting in a tie vote shall be considered defeated.
For resolutions to pass on the Security Council, the affirmative votes of nine members, including the concurring votes of the permanent members, are required. Except for votes on resolutions, votes shall be taken by placard count, unless otherwise successfully moved. Votes on resolutions shall be by roll call. In a roll call vote, the Chair shall read the name of each Member Country. The roll shall be called in ascending alphabetical order.
Each Delegate, when called upon, shall call out: “In Favor”, “In Favor with Reasons”, “Against”, “Against with Reasons”, “Abstain”, “Abstain with Reasons”, or “Pass”. Once the roll has been called, the Chair shall call the names of those countries that passed the first time. Those countries will have an opportunity to enter a vote. If a state passes twice, its vote shall be recorded as an abstention.
Delegates who, during attendance, answered “Present and Voting” may not abstain when voting for a resolution.
Once the votes have been taken, the Chair shall announce the outcome of the voting. Then, subject to the approval of the chair, delegates who voted “In Favor with Reasons”, “Against with Reasons”, or “Abstain with Reasons” have the right to explain their votes or abstentions. The chair will establish the time for each speaker.
RECONSIDERATION A motion to reconsider is in order when a resolution or amendment has been adopted or rejected, and must be made by a member who voted with the majority on the substantive proposal. A two-thirds majority of the members present and voting is required for reconsideration.
RECESS AND ADJOURNMENT At any time a delegate may move to recess a session. The delegate must state the time for the recess. The motion shall be put to an immediate two-thirds majority vote. If passed, the Committee is in recess until the time stated expires. A delegate may move to adjourn the meeting of a Committee. Such a motion is out of order before the lapse of three-quarters of the time allotted for the meeting of the Committee. This motion shall be put to an immediate vote, and if passed by a two-thirds majority, will end the meeting of the Committee for the remainder of the day. The Chair may consider a motion to recess or adjourn out of order.
20
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURES
1) PARLIAMENTARY POINTS
a. RIGHT OF REPLY: A delegate who feels that his or her personal or national integrity has been impugned by another delegate may request a right of reply. Disagreement with a speaker’s remarks does not justify a right of reply. To ask for a right of reply, the delegate must send a written note to the Chair explaining in what way his/her delegation was offended. The Chair may limit the time accorded to a right of reply. A right of reply to a right of reply is out of order. This point may not interrupt a speaker.
b. POINT OF ORDER: During discussion of any matter, a delegate may rise on a point of
order to complain of improper parliamentary procedure. The Chair in accordance with these rules shall immediately decide a point of order. The Chair may, without subject to appeal, rule out of order those points which, in his or her judgment, are dilatory or improper. This point may interrupt a speaker.
c. POINT OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE: A delegate may rise on a point of personal privilege to address a concern over the environment of the Committee. Acceptable concerns include the ability to hear the speaker, the temperature of the room, etc. The Chair may, without subject to appeal, rule out of order those points which, in his or her judgment, are dilatory or improper. This point may interrupt a speaker.
2) YIELDS: After a delegate has finished speaking during a Speakers’ List, the delegate must yield in one of the following ways:
a. YIELD TO THE CHAIR: This ends a delegate’s speech and has the effect of proceeding to the next speaker on the Speakers’ List.
b. YIELD TO ANOTHER DELEGATE: The delegate may yield any remaining speaking time
to the representative of another country. The yielded-to delegate may speak for the time remaining, but may not yield to another delegate.
c. OPEN TO POINTS OF INFORMATION: The speaker may open to relevant, substantive
questions from other delegates. Delegates wishing to ask questions shall raise their placards and be recognized by the chair.
3) CHALLENGE TO THE COMPETENCE
A delegate may request the Chair to allow a challenge to the competence towards another delegate, if that delegate has persistently misrepresented the foreign policy of his or her country to the point of grave distortion. This misrepresentation must have been in the form of speeches or votes on substantive matters; votes on procedural matters are not to be considered for this purpose. The Chair should immediately ask the Secretary General for approval. Once the challenge to the competence is approved, the Chair shall allow the delegate who challenges the competence to speak first. He or she must explain in what way the delegate misrepresented the foreign policy of his or her country. The delegate must have physical proof of what he or
21
she is saying. Then, the delegate to whom the competence was challenged has the opportunity to defend him/herself. After both delegates have spoken, the Chair must begin the voting by roll call. A simple majority is required for this motion to pass. If the motion to the delegate’s misrepresentation passes, then the delegate to whom the competence was challenged loses his or her voting privileges. However, if the motion does not pass, the delegate that challenged the competence will lose his or her voting privileges in the committee. In the General Assembly, the whole delegation will lose its vote.
4) POINTS AND MOTIONS
ITEM SECOND REQUIRED
INTERRUPT SPEAKER
VOTE REQUIRED
POINT OF ORDER NO YES CHAIR
POINT OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE NO YES CHAIR
POINT OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY NO NO CHAIR
RIGHT OF REPLY NO NO CHAIR
POINT OF INFORMATION NO NO CHAIR
MOTION TO ADJOURN YES NO 2/3
MOTION TO RECESS YES NO 2/3
MOTION FOR A MODERATED CAUCUS YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY
MOTION FOR A UN-MODERATED CAUCUS YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY
MOTION TO SUSPEND SPEAKERS’ LIST YES NO 2/3
MOTION TO RENEW SPEAKERS’ LIST YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY
MOTION TO TABLE YES NO 2/3
MOTION TO CLOSE DEBATE YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY
MOTION TO RECONSIDER YES NO 2/3
MOTION TO DEVIDE THE QUESTION YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY
RESOLUTION YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY (2/3 GA)
AMENDMENT YES NO SIMPLE MAJORITY
22
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTION WRITING
SAMPLE RESOLUTION
Always keep in mind the following format when typing a resolution: Committee: Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural
Topic: Religious Intolerance
Resolution 3.1.1
Sponsoring Countries: Belgium, China, Israel, Germany, Norway, United Kingdom, United States Signatory Countries: Annex 1 The General Assembly,
Conscious that every individual has freedom of thoughts and believes, including religion,
Deeply concerned about the current situation of religious intolerance in almost every country in the world,
Seeking for the creation of an environment of tolerance and acceptance in which a culture of nonviolence can be nurtured,
Resolves,
1. Affirms that the following conditions are not being imposed to nations,
instead, they will have the option to adopt it or not;
2. Designates the creation of a multifunctional educational organization that will be composed by delegates from the countries that will represent the different religions practiced, registered in each country’s government (the delegation will be represented by the main representatives of the government and education);
3. Decides that the organization will take the following actions:
a) Promote the education that facilitates by its different means (massive
communication means, conferences, methods, and new subjects for schools and universities) religious tolerance for the citizens of the world.
b) Encourages the head of families to create a sense of religious acceptance in their children.
23
PREAMBULATORY PHRASES
ACKNOWLEDGING ENCOURAGED BY NOTING FURTHER
AFFIRMING ENDORSING NOTHING WITH APPROVAL
ANXIOUS CONCERN EXPRESSING APPRECIATION NOTHING WITH DEEP
APPRECIATING EXPRESSING DEEP
APPRECIATION
NOTHING WITH REGRET
AWARE EXPECTING NOTHING WITH
SATISFACTION
BEARING IN MIND FULFILLING OBSERVING
COGNIZANT FULLY BEARING IN MIND RECALLING
CONCERNED GRIEVED BY RECOGNIZING
CONFIDENT GUIDED BY REFERRING
CONSCIOUS HAVING ADOPTED REGRETTING
CONSIDERING HAVING APPROVED REITERATING
CONTEMPLATING HAVING CONSIDERED SEEKING
CONVINCED HAVING DECIDED STRESSING
DECLARING HAVING EXAMINED FURTHER TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
DEEPLY DISTURBED HAVING RECEIVED TAKING NOTE
DESIRING HAVING REGARD FOR WELCOMING
DEPLORING APPREHENSION HAVING REVIEWED VIEWING WITH
DETERMINED KEEPING IN MIND
EMPHASIZING MINDFUL OF
24
OPERATIVE PHRASES
ACCEPTS DESIGNATES NOTES WITH APPRECIATION
ADOPTS EMPHASIZES NOTES WITH APPROVAL
AFFIRMS ENCOURAGES NOTES WITH INTEREST
APPEALS ENDORSES NOTES WITH SATISFACTION
APPRECIATES EXPRESSES ITS
APPRECIATION
REAFFIRMS
APPROVES EXPRESSES ITS CONVICTION RECOGNIZES
AUTHORIZES EXPRESSES ITS REGRET RECOMMENDS
CALLS UPON EXPRESSES ITS SYMPATHY REGRETS
COMMENDS EXPRESSES ITS THANKS REITERATES
CONCURS EXPRESSES THE BELIEF RENEWS ITS APPEAL
CONDEMNS EXPRESSES THE HOPE REPEATS
CONFIRMS FURTHER INVITES SUGGESTS
CONGRATULATES FURTHER PROCLAIMS SUPPORTS
CONSIDERS FURTHER REMINDS TAKES NOTE OF
DECIDES FURTHER RECOMMENDS TRANSMITS
DECLARES FURTHER RESOLVES URGES
DEPLORES INSTRUCTS DIRECTS
25
BARRANQUILLA MODEL UNITED NATIONS GLOSARY ABSTENTION: abstaining from a vote means to withdraw from voting on a resolution instead of giving a “yes” or “no” answer. AMENDMENTS: are made to resolutions. Friendly amendments require the support of the sponsors in order for changes to be made. Unfriendly amendments do not have the approval of all the sponsors, and require the support of one quarter of the assembly and a majority vote. ARAB LEAGUE: a body independent of the UN comprised of Arab states in Africa and the Middle East. Some of its procedural rules differ (i.e. A resolution is non-binding to those who vote against it). BATNA (BEST ALTERNATIVE TO A NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT): what if your preferred solution cannot be accomplished or agreed upon by the committee? Each delegate should have a BATNA on each issue that will be debated in order to promote compromise and co-operation. BLOC: a group of countries that form a logical combination because of geographical, economic, or cultural considerations (African bloc, Arab League). DIVIDING THE QUESTION: Once in voting procedure, a motion to divide the question means splitting operative clauses to be voted on separately. This is useful if you agree with one part of a resolution but not the whole thing. EU (EUROPEAN UNION): an economic and political union created under the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, it comprises most of Western Europe and Germany, and is poised for future expansion into Central and Eastern Europe. Most customs regulations in Europe have now been abolished and a single currency is now in place, the Euro. As a political unit it has formidable power vis-à-vis the United States. FOREIGN AID: money given by one country to another for humanitarian or developmental purposes. It plays a key role in shaping foreign policy. FOREIGN POLICY: the attitudes and interests of a country towards external issues. Foreign policy can be influenced by a variety of factors, i.e. military strength, trading partners, history, and domestic government. FORMAL DEBATE: the committee follows a speaker’s list. Speakers are given a strict time limit within which to make their point. They must also formally yield the floor to questions, the Chair, or another delegate. Rules regarding motions, voting, and “right of reply” are enforceable only in formal consideration. G8 (GROUP OF EIGHT): a body comprised of eight of the world’s most powerful nations: Canada, the U.S., U.K., France, Italy, Japan, Germany, and Russia. INFORMAL DEBATE OR MODERATED CAUCUS: can be entered into by a simple motion and majority vote. The Chair recognizes delegates wishing to speak, but there are no yields, time
26
limits, or opportunities to directly question one another. However, it offers the chance to proceed quicker through various issues that arise during debate. ICJ (INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE): the ICJ is a body designed to resolve legal and territorial disputes between countries. LOBBYING: refers to informal caucusing between small groups of delegates. One may wish to lobby another delegate for support on a resolution or policy option. MOTIONS: Motions must be made to open, close, postpone, or adjourn debate, to set the agenda, table the topic, enact right of reply, and caucus. NATO (NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION): security organization created in 1949 by Western Powers to provide a collective force against the Soviet Union. In the post-Cold War era it has taken on new responsibilities in peacekeeping and enforcement of international law (Bosnia, Kosovo). NGO’S (NON-GOVERNMENTAL CORPORATIONS): are organizations or associations that are not associated with a specific country or international political organization. Their aims can be broad (World Vision International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace) or quite specific (Doctors Without Borders) in their activities and goals. The United Nations has a history of working closely with NGO’s on issues, especially relating to humanitarian projects. NON-MEMBERS: delegates who sit in a committee and are allowed to speak but don’t have voting privileges. OAS (ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES): an international political organization comprised of North and South American countries. OPERATIVE CLAUSES: are written in resolutions following the preamble. These numbered clauses set out actual solutions and initiatives for the committee to undertake. PLACARD: is your key prop at all times. Just be sure not to replace it with your own creation, or to wave it hysterically while someone else is speaking. POINTS: can be raised in formal or informal debate. There are two points that can interrupt a speech:
PERSONAL PRIVILEGE: if there’s too much noise, heat/cold, etc… ORDER: this point can be raised if a rule has been violated. PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY: a question on the rules and procedure of debate. INFORMATION: questions made by delegates to a speaker during the Speaker’s List.
POSITION PAPER: a written statement by a delegate on a particular agenda topic, outlining one’s foreign policy, proposed solutions and alternatives. PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES: these clauses go at the beginning of a resolution, and act to introduce the issue (concerns, previous UN actions, etc..). They are not numbered.
27
RIGHT OF REPLY: This can be asked for if a delegate feels another delegate has insulted and/or slandered his/her country or him/her personally. It is easily the most over-attempted and misused motion in MUN debating. ROLL CALL: a motion made in voting procedure to individually call out each country’s name for their vote. A delegate can vote in favor, against, abstain, or pass. A country that passes will be asked again at the end of the list. SECURITY COUNCIL: the most powerful body within the UN, it is comprised of fifteen members, five of whom are permanent (see Veto Powers). It is responsible for the UN’s peace and security policy, dealing with conflict through peacekeeping, sanctions, and other measures. SIGNATORIES: Signatories are members who consent to the introduction of the resolution; they have no further rights or obligations. SPEAKER’S LIST: In formal debate the chair follows the speaker’s list to recognize delegates. Your country’s name cannot be on it more than once at a time. SPONSOR: Sponsors are those members who present the resolution to the Chair. UN (UNITED NATIONS): The international organization that was created in 1945 from the legacy of World War II to promote and protect international peace and security, co-operation, and human rights worldwide. Its legitimacy comes from the UN Charter, with its major bodies including the Security Council, the General Assembly, and the various committees that comprise the Economic and Social Council. UN-MODERATED CAUCUS: a forum where the rules of debate are suspended and delegates are able to gather in groups and freely discuss with and write to one another. Usually some of a committee’s most productive work is accomplished during caucuses. VETO POWERS: the five permanent members of the Security Council (U.S., U.K., France, Russia and China) have the right to single-handedly veto a resolution by voting no. WORKING PAPER: Although working paper is the preferred formal term, sometimes it is referred to as an “idea paper”. It is drawn up in the form of a resolution, but its status as a “working paper” allows for easily made amendments that do not require the support of the entire committee, only the sponsors themselves. Working papers are one step below being a resolution, and many are often combined into one. Their overall purpose is to set out specific solutions or policy stances on an issue that can be debated within the committee. YIELD: In formal debate the delegate must yield his/her time in one of three ways:
4 TO THE CHAIR: once the speech is over the Chair takes the floor and moves on with the Speaker’s List.
5 TO QUESTIONS: delegates can ask questions to the speaker for his/her remaining time.
6 TO ANOTHER DELEGATE: another speaker uses up the remaining time to give a speech, but cannot yield to another delegate.
28
PERSONAL ADMINISTRATIVO
SECRETARIO GENERAL
Supervisa la coordinación de los distintos grupos (prensa, asistentes de presidencia, y
comités) que participan en la actividad congresual, y trabaja directamente con los miembros
del modelo. Él o ella también lleva a cabo las ceremonias de apertura y clausura. Él o ella
deben participar activamente en los esfuerzos de cabildeo de meditación, y como tal, debe
estar familiarizado con todas las resoluciones oficiales. El Secretario General supervisa el
trabajo de la resolución equipo de coordinación integrado por los presidentes de la
Asamblea General. Las preguntas sobre el procedimiento parlamentario, formato,
resolución y orden de la agenda deben ser dirigidos a él o ella.
DIRECTOR GENERAL
Asiste al Secretario General en la coordinación de las obras directamente con los miembros
del personal del modelo (logística, prensa y seguridad) .. Él o ella deben participar
activamente en todo el desarrollo logístico del evento. Él o ella preside todo el personal y
ayuda al Secretario General en la apertura y clausura del evento
PRESIDENTE
Asiste al Secretario General en la coordinación y dirección de los distintos grupos que
participan en la actividad de la conferencia, incluyendo el contacto con los asistentes a la
presidencia. Él o ella preside una de las comisiones, y asiste al Secretario General en las
Ceremonias de Apertura y Clausura.
LOS MIEMBROS DEL CUERPO DE PRENSA
La principal responsabilidad de los miembros de la prensa es mantener informados a todos
los participantes. Para este fin, deben emitir un boletín diario con información actualizada
de eventos de la conferencia.
ASISTENTES A LA PRESIDENCIA
Mantienen una comunicación ordenada y oportuna entre los diversos segmentos de la
conferencia al llevar mensajes escritos entre las delegaciones y de las delegaciones a la
Presidencia. Ellos controlan las entradas y salidas en el salón de debate, y llevan a cabo
otras tareas designadas por el Presidente.
29
BARRANQUILLA MODELO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS REGLAMENTO
ALCANCE Las normas incluidas en esta guía son aplicables a todos los comités de BAMUN XII. Cada regla es autosuficiente a menos que sea modificado por la Secretaría, en cuyo caso, la modificación se considerará aprobada antes de que comience la sesión. No hay otras reglas de procedimiento aplicables. Si surge una situación que no ha sido abordado por el Reglamento de Procedimiento, el Presidente del Comité será la autoridad final sobre qué norma aplicar. IDIOMA Inglés será el idioma oficial y de trabajo de la conferencia. Si un delegado desea presentar un documento escrito en un idioma distinto del Inglés, el delegado deberá presentar una traducción al personal del comité que luego distribuirá la versión traducida al resto de la comisión. La única excepción será en la Comisión Jurídica y la Organización de los Estados Americanos cuyo idioma será el español REPRESENTACIÓN Un miembro del Comité es un representante que está oficialmente registrada en la Conferencia. Cada miembro estará representado por un delegado y tendrá un voto en cada Comité. PARTICIPACIÓN DE NO MIEMBROS Los representantes de los observadores acreditados tendrán los mismos derechos que los de los miembros, con la excepción de que no puede firmar o votar sobre los proyectos de resolución o enmiendas. Estos representantes se reservan el derecho a voto sólo en las cuestiones de procedimiento, pero no las cuestiones de fondo. Un representante de una organización que no sea miembro de las Naciones Unidas o de un observador acreditado podrá dirigir una Comisión en cualquier momento. DECLARACIONES DE LA SECRETARIA El Secretario General, o un miembro de la Secretaría designado por él / ella puede, en cualquier momento reserva el derecho de hacer declaraciones orales o escritas al Comité. PODERES GENERALES DEL PERSONAL DEL COMITÉ El Comité está integrado por personal de la Mesa Directiva del Comité y tres o cuatro sillas Assistant. Cada sesión del Comité dará inicio y se clausurara por orden del Presidente del Comité. El Presidente, con sujeción al presente reglamento, tendrá el control completo de los procedimientos en cualquier reunión. El Presidente dirigirá el flujo del debate, concederá el derecho a hablar y hacer preguntas, proclamará las decisiones, resolverá las cuestiones de orden y garantizará el cumplimiento de estas normas. Si es necesario y teniendo en cuenta objeciones, el Presidente del Comité podrá optar por suspender las reglas con el fin de aclarar un tema determinado sustantivo o procesal. Los miembros del personal del comité también podrán asesorar las delegaciones sobre el posible curso del
30
debate. En el ejercicio de estas funciones, el personal de la Comisión estará en todo momento sujeto a estas reglas y seran responsables ante el Secretario General. QUORUM Quórum denota el número mínimo de delegados que deben estar presentes a fin de abrir debate. En el momento que se cumple el quórum el presidente declara una sesión pública del Comité para continuar el debate al menos dos tercios de los miembros del Comité están presentes. Un llamado a lista no es necesario para determinar la presencia de un quórum. Para poder votar en cualquier moción, el Comité debe establecer la presencia de la mayoría simple de sus miembros. CORTESÍA Cada delegado será cortés y respetuoso con el personal del Comité y con los otros delegados. El Presidente llamará inmediatamente al orden a cualquier delegado que no cumpla con esta regla. Todo delegado que sienta que él o ella no está siendo tratada respetuosamente se le anima a reportar el incidente a la presidenta de la comisión, que luego seguirá el protocolo apropiado. AYUDA ELECTRONICA A los delegados no se les permite usar cualquier tipo de dispositivo electrónico, con la excepción de los ordenadores portátiles, en la sala del comité cuando el comité se ha reunido. Todo uso electrónico debe ocurrir fuera de la sala del comité a menos que se especifique lo contrario por el Presidente. CONDUCTA DEL DELEGADO A los delegados se les advierte que BAMUN XII tiene una política de tolerancia cero sobre difamación, despectivo, o cualquier otra acción que sea inflamatoria para otros delegados. Ni los discursos ni debates con otros delegados pueden contener tales comentarios. Aquellos delegados que creen que las políticas de sus países merecer tal conducta se aconseja consultar la silla antes de tomar cualquier acción. AMONESTACIONES: Una delegación puede recibir una advertencia por llegar tarde a una sesión, por romper una de las reglas de BAMUN XII, o por no cooperar con la dirección de la Presidencia. Si una delegación recibe tres o cinco amonestaciones, la delegación será llevada fuera del Salón debate por el período de tiempo recetado por el Presidente. Cuando una delegación alcanza una séptima amonestación el delegado tendrá que salir de la Conferencia por el tiempo restante.
31
BARRANQUILLA MODELO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS MODUS
OPERANDI
LLAMADO A LISTA El presidente debe llamar a todas las delegaciones que están presentes para determinar si hay quórum o no. A medida que el presidente llama a cada delegación, los delegados deberán elevar sus plaquetas y responder "presente" o "presente y votando" (Cualquier delegación que participa como observadora en cualquier comisión no puede responder presente y votando). MINUTO DE SILENCIO El Minuto de silencio es dedicado a conmemorar la creación de las Naciones Unidas como una fuente de mantenimiento de la paz y coalición internacional. Todos los delegados deben ponerse de pie y guardar silencio, cualquier delegado que perturbe el minuto de silencio en cualquier tipo de forma será amonestado AGENDA La agenda se debe abrir el primer día de trabajo del comité a través de la moción: "moción para abrir la agenda". Al final de cada día de la agenda debe suspenderse con la moción: "moción para suspender la agenda", y en el último día de la conferencia, la agenda se cierra definitivamente a través de una "moción para cerrar la agenda". DISCURSOS DE APERTURA Un espacio se abre para que los delegados lean sus respectivos discursos de apertura en la que se deberá indicar la posición de sus países frente ambos temas. Los delegados serán llamados por orden alfabético y se les dará un minuto y medio para leer su discurso (Este tiempo puede ser modificado a consideración de la mesa). Discursos de apertura son obligatorios. Nota: En el caso de las del Consejo de Seguridad se requieren dos discursos, uno para cada tema. SESIÓN Después de leer los discursos de apertura el presidente entretiene a una "Moción para abrir sesión". Esta moción se debe hacer de la siguiente manera: "Moción para abrir la sesión con el tema (A o B, diciendo el nombre completo del tema.). La sesión se suspende a través de una "moción para suspender la sesión" cada vez que los delegados salen de la comisión para tomar un receso. La sesión se cierra a través de una "moción para cerrar la sesión" sólo cuando el tema elegido ha sido objeto de debate y los papeles de trabajo se han votado. Nota: En el caso del Consejo de Seguridad de la sesión se abre antes de leer los discursos de apertura ya que hay un discurso por tema.
32
DEBATE FORMAL (LISTA DE ORADORES) Después de iniciar la sesión, el protocolo indica que un debate formal debe ser iniciado. Esto proporciona a los delegados la oportunidad de ampliar su posición respecto al tema en cuestión. El debate formal o la lista de oradores se inicia a través de una moción para abrir una lista de oradores incluyendo el tiempo por delegado y el número de puntos de información que se pueden hacer a los delegados. Ex) Moción para abrir una lista de oradores, un minuto y medio por los altavoces y 2 puntos de información. El presidente entretendra esta moción y se modificará el tiempo por orador y los puntos de información si es necesario. La moción se someterá a votación inmediatamente y requiere una mayoría simple para ser aprobada. Un delegado será llamados a dirigirse al Comité cuando el nombre de su país aparesca en la lista de oradores. Ningún delegado podrá hacer una intervención sin haber obtenido el reconocimiento por parte de la Presidencia. La lista de oradores está siempre abierta y sólo puede ser suspendida a través de una moción para suspender la lista de oradores. Nota: En el Consejo de Seguridad de la lista de oradores se abre después de leer las declaraciones de apertura. DEBATE INFORMAL (DEBATE POR PLAQUETAS) El propósito del debate informal es facilitar el debate de fondo en momentos críticos en la discusión. El Comité temporalmente saldrá de la lista de oradores a través de una "moción de suspender la lista de oradores" y empezar un debate informal a través de una "Moción para comenzar con un debate informal". A partir de este momento el Presidente llamará a los delegados a hablar en su discreción. Al realizar el movimiento, el delegado debe indicar un plazo para el debate. La moción se someterá a votación inmediatamente y requiere una mayoría simple para aprobar. El Presidente puede considerar esta moción fuera de orden. Mociones para ampliar el tiempo de debate requiere una mayoría simple para ser aprobada. TIEMPO DE LOBBYING El tiempo de lobbying se utiliza específicamente para empezar a escribir y discutir resoluciones. Un límite de tiempo debe ser especificado. A menos que el Presidente lo considere fuera de lugar, esta moción procederá a una votación inmediata, lo que requiere una mayoría simple para aprobar. Durante el tiempo de lobbying las reglas formales son suspendidas, y los miembros pueden discutir cuestiones de manera informal. PAPELES DE TRABAJO Un papel de trabajo es un vehículo para la discusión y formulación de una resolución. Un papel de trabajo no se presenta formalmente a la Comisión y no se somete a votación. Los papeles de trabajo deben ser aprobados por el Presidente, y debe tener por lo menos dos tercios de la asamblea como signatarios. Los papeles de trabajo son un paso por debajo de ser una resolución, y muchos están a menudo en una sola. RESOLUCIONES El objetivo de la Comisión es la elaboración y el debate de las resoluciones. Una resolución no se introducirán a una Comisión hasta que se haya escrito y autorizado por el Presidente.
33
Para introducir una resolución, una moción debe hacerse. En este momento, ningún comentario sustantivo está en orden, pero el Presidente puede permitir que el delegado dé la introducción de la resolución para corregir cualquier error tipográfico en la copia de muestra de la resolución. Luego, los delegados de la resolución puede abrirse a un máximo de tres puntos de información sobre cuestiones de fondo, y una vez que estos han sido contestados, la resolución podría estar abierto para el debate formal o informal en función de la consideración del Presidente. En caso de que haya debate una lista de oradores nueva será abierta por medio de una moción, dando tiempo a favor y en contra. Una resolución debe tener un mínimo de dos países redactantes. Los países redactantes son los miembros que presenten la resolución a la Presidencia. La resolución también debe tener un número mínimo de firmantes, de manera que el total de los redactantes y firmantes juntos es igual o superior a dos tercios de los miembros del comité. Los firmantes son miembros que den su consentimiento a la introducción de la resolución; los firmantes no tienen más derechos u obligaciones. Cualquier delegado que desee ser añadido a la lista de países redactantes debe tener la aprobación de todos los países redactantes ya existentes. Una vez recibida dicha aprobación, el Presidente anunciará la incorporación del nuevo país redactante de la resolución. Los países redactantes de una resolución no pueden votar en contra de su resolución. Sin embargo, pueden retirar su apoyo antes del comienzo de la votación de esa resolución. Si todos los redactantes de una resolución de retirar su apoyo, el Presidente podrá solicitar a otros delegados a apoyarlo. Si no hay patrocinadores, la resolución no puede ser considerada para el debate y se considerará rechazada. Una resolución requiere el voto de la mayoría simple para su aprobación en comisiones, y una mayoría de dos tercios para su aprobación en la Asamblea General. Una moción para entablar una resolución sólo puede hacerse inmediatamente después de la resolución se ha presentado a la comisión. Si el Presidente decide aceptar la moción, el debate se abrirá con dos oradores a favor y dos oradores en contra de la moción, que luego serán sometidas a votación y sólo pasará por una mayoría de dos tercios. ENMIENDAS Una enmienda no se presenta a un Comité hasta que el Presidente lo haya aprobado. Un delegado podrá pedir la modificación de la resolución que se ha introducido. Hay dos tipos de modificaciones: Enmiendas Amigables. Si una enmienda a una resolución recibe la aprobación de todos los patrocinadores, la enmienda se incorpora automáticamente a la resolución. No es obligatorio para los signatarios para aprobar la enmienda. Enmiendas No-Amigable. Una enmienda que no tenga la aprobación de todos los patrocinadores se considera una enmienda no-amigable.
34
Una enmienda no-amigable suspende el debate sobre la resolución. Si se considera necesario el Presidente deberá reconocer al menos un orador a favor y otro en contra de la enmienda. Los oradores pueden producir o responder preguntas. El Presidente podrá aplicar un límite de tiempo. La enmienda es entonces sometida a votación, a menos que un delegado haga una moción para extender el debate sobre la enmienda. Propuestas para ampliar el debate sobre la modificación requerirá una mayoría simple para aprobarse. La moción para extender el debate tiene el efecto de reconocer dos oradores mas a favor y dos oradores más en contra de la enmienda. El Presidente podrá limitar el número de enmiendas a una resolución. El Presidente podrá decidir cualquier modificación fuera de si, en su opinión, se altera drásticamente la intención de la resolución. Las enmiendas a enmiendas no están en orden. Una enmienda requiere el voto de la mayoría simple para su aprobación en comisiones, y una mayoría de dos tercios para su aprobación en la Asamblea General. VOTACIÓN POR CLAUSULAS Después que se cierra el debate de una resolución o enmienda, un delegado podrá proponer que las cláusulas operativas de la resolución sea sometida a votación por separado. La moción será inmediatamente sometida a votación y se requiere una mayoría simple para aprobarse. Si la moción es aprobada, las cláusulas de la propuesta serán sometidas a votación por separado. Si todas las cláusulas operativas de una resolución se rechazan, la resolución se considerará rechazada. VOTACIÓN Antes del comienzo de la votación sobre cuestiones de fondo, todos los miembros deberán tomar sus asientos y las puertas de la sala se cerrarán. A nadie se le permite entrar o salir de la sala durante el desarrollo de la votación. Ningún punto podrá interrumpir el procedimiento de votación, excepto los puntos directamente relacionados con el desarrollo del procedimiento de votación (cuestiones de orden). Cada país asentado en un Comité dispondrá de un voto, con excepción de los países observadores. Los países que se abstengan de votar no se considerarán en el cómputo de los totales necesarios para determinar los resultados de la votación. Para una resolución para aprobar en un Comité, un 50% + 1 voto mayoritario es necesario. Para una resolución para aprobar en la Asamblea General, una mayoría de dos tercios es necesaria. Cuestiones resultantes en un empate en la votación se considerará vencido. Las resoluciones para aprobar en el Consejo de Seguridad, el voto afirmativo de nueve miembros, incluso los votos afirmativos de todos los miembros permanentes, son obligatorios. A excepción de las votaciones sobre resoluciones, los votos se emitirán por plaquetas. El voto de las resoluciones se tomarán por votación nominal. En una votación nominal, el Presidente dará lectura a los nombres de cada País Miembro. La votación nominal se efectuará en orden alfabético ascendente.
35
Cada delegado, cuando se solicite, deberá gritar: "A favor", "A favor con razones", "En Contra", "En Contra con razones", "Abstención", "Abstención con razones", o "Paso". Una vez que se haga el llamado, el Presidente concederá la palabra a los nombres de los países que han pasado la primera vez. Los países tendrán la oportunidad de entrar a una votación. Si un Estado pasa dos veces, su voto será registrado como una abstención. Los delegados que, durante la asistencia, respondieron "presente y votando" no podrán abstenerse en la votación de una resolución. Una vez que los votos han sido tomados, el Presidente anunciará el resultado de la votación. A continuación, con sujeción a la aprobación de la mesa, los delegados que votaron "A favor con razones", "En Contra con razones", o "Abstención con razones" tiene derecho a explicar su voto o su abstención. El presidente fijará el tiempo para cada orador. RECONSIDERACIÓN Una moción de reconsideración está en orden cuando una resolución o enmienda haya sido aprobada o rechazada, y deben ser realizadas por un miembro que votó con la mayoría sobre la propuesta sustantiva. Una mayoría de dos tercios de los miembros presentes y votantes se requiere para su reconsideración. RECREO Y CLAUSURA En cualquier momento, un delegado podrá pedir un receso de una sesión. El delegado debe indicar la hora del receso. La propuesta se someterá a votación de inmediato mayoría de dos tercios. Si se aprueba, el Comité está en receso hasta la hora indicada expire. Un delegado podrá pedir suspender la reunión de un comité. Este tipo de moción está fuera de orden antes de que el lapso de tres cuartas partes del tiempo asignado para la reunión del Comité. Esta propuesta se someterá a votación de inmediato, y si es aprobada por una mayoría de dos tercios, pondrá fin a la reunión del Comité para el resto del día. El Presidente podrá considerar una moción para aplazar el recreo o fuera de orden.
36
BARRANQUILLA MODELO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS
PROCEDIMIENTOS PARLAMENTARIOS
1) PUNTOS PARLAMENTARIOS a. DERECHO A RÉPLICA: Un delegado que siente que su integridad personal o nacional haya sido impugnada por otro delegado, puede solicitar un derecho de réplica. El desacuerdo con los comentarios del orador no justifica el derecho de réplica. Para solicitar un derecho de réplica, el delegado debe enviar una nota por escrito a la Presidencia explicando claramente de qué manera su delegación se sintió ofendida. El Presidente podrá limitar el tiempo concedido a un derecho de respuesta. El derecho a réplica sobre un derecho a réplica está fuera de orden. Este punto no puede interrumpir al orador. b. PUNTO DE ORDEN: Durante la discusión de cualquier asunto, todo delegado podrá plantear una cuestión de orden para quejarse del procedimiento parlamentario incorrecto. El Presidente, de conformidad con el presente reglamento, se pronunciará inmediatamente a través de una cuestión de orden. El presidente podrá, sin sujeción a apelación, considerar fuera de orden los puntos que, en su criterio, son dilatorios o inadecuados. Este punto puede interrumpir al orador. c. PUNTO DE PRIVILEGIO PERSONAL: Cualquier delegado podrá plantear una cuestión de privilegio personal para hacer frente a la preocupación por el medio ambiente de la Comisión. Preocupaciones aceptables incluyen la capacidad de escuchar al orador, la temperatura de la habitación, etc. El presidente podrá, sin ser objeto de recurso, considerar fuera de orden los puntos que, en su criterio, son dilatorios o inadecuados. Este punto puede interrumpir al orador. 2) CEDER EL TIEMPO Después de un delegado haya terminado de hablar durante una lista de oradores, el delegado debe ceder el tiempo restante en una de las siguientes maneras: a. CEDER EL TIEMPO A LA MESA: Esto termina el discurso de un delegado y tiene el efecto de proceder al siguiente orador en la lista de oradores. b. CEDER EL TIEMPO AL SIGUIENTE DELEGADO: el delegado puede producir en cualquier momento habla restante al representante del siguiente país en la lista de oradores. El siguiente delegado puede hablar por el tiempo restante, pero no puede ceder a otro delegado. c. ABRIR LOS PUNTOS DE INFORMACIÓN: El orador se puede abrir a preguntas relevantes y sustantivas de otros delegados. Los delegados que deseen hacer preguntas podrán elevar sus pancartas y ser reconocidos por el presidente. 3) RETO A LA COMPETENCIA Un delegado puede pedir al Presidente una impugnación de la competencia a otro delegado, si dicho delegado no ha cesado de tergiversar la política exterior de su país hasta el punto de distorsión grave. Esta tergiversación debe haber sido en forma de discursos o
37
votos sobre asuntos de fondo; votos en cuestiones de orden no deben ser considerados para este propósito. El Presidente inmediatamente debe convocar al Secretario General para su aprobación. Una vez que el reto a la competencia es aprobado, el Presidente deberá permitir que el delegado que cuestiona la competencia hable primero. Él o ella debe explicar de qué manera el delegado tergiverso la política exterior de su país. El delegado debe tener la prueba física de lo que él o ella está diciendo. A continuación, el delegado al que se impugnó la competencia tiene la oportunidad de defenderse. Después de que ambos delegados han hablado, el Presidente debe comenzar la votación nominal. La mayoría simple se requiere para que pase el reto. Si el reto a la competencia del delegado pasa, entonces el delegado al que la competencia fue cuestionada pierde sus privilegios de voto. Sin embargo, si la moción no pasa, el delegado que desafió a la competencia perderá sus privilegios de voto en el comité. En la Asamblea General, la delegación entera perderá su voto.
4) POINTS AND MOTIONS
Punto o Moción Requiere Secundar
Interrumpir Orador
Votos Requeridos
Punto de Orden No Si Mesa
Punto de Privilegio Personal No Si Mesa
Punto de Información a la Mesa No No Mesa
Derecho de Réplica No No Mesa
Punto de Información al Orador Si No Mesa
Moción para Suspender la Sesión Si No 2/3
Moción para tener un Receso Si No 2/3
Moción para tener un Debate Informal
Si No Mayoría
Moción para tener un Debate Formal Si No Mayoría
Moción para Cerrar la Lista de Oradores
Si No 2/3
Moción para Acortar el Tiempo del Debate
Si Si Mayoría
Moción para Reconsiderar Si No 2/3
Moción para Votar por Cláusulas Si No Mayoría
Resolución Si No Mayoría;2/3 (GA)
Enmienda Si No Mayoría
38
FRASES PREAMBULATORIAS
Además lamentando Convencidos Observando con aprecio
Además recordando Creyendo plenamente Plenamente alarmados
Advirtiendo además Creyendo que Plenamente conscientes
Advirtiendo con preocupación
Dándonos cuenta que Profundamente arrepentido
Advirtiendo con pesar Declarando Profundamente conscientes
Advirtiendo con satisfacción
Deseando Profundamente convencido
Afirmando Enfatizando Reafirmando
Alarmados por Esperando Reconociendo
Buscando Expresando su aprecio Recordando
Conscientes de Expresando su satisfacción Refiriéndose
Considerando Guiados por Teniendo en mente
Contemplando que Habiendo examinado Tomando en cuenta
Habiendo adoptado Habiendo oído
Habiendo considerado Habiendo recibido
Habiendo estudiado Observando
39
FRASES OPERATIVAS
Acepta Confirma Lamenta
Además invita Considera Llama la atención
Además proclama Declara Nota
Además recomienda Designa Proclama
Además recuerda Exhorta Reafirma
Además resuelve Expresa su reconocimiento Recomienda
Afirma Expresa su deseo Recuerda
Alienta Felicita Respalda
Apoya Finalmente condena Solamente afirma
Aprueba Ha resuelto Toma en cuenta
Autoriza Hace hincapié Transmite
Condena Hace un llamado a
Confía Incita
40
GUIDE TO BARRANQUILLA
RESTAURANTS
FAST FOOD, DELIS ETC McDonalds Calle 80 No. 51B – 10 3861111 Café de la Casa Carrera 51B No. 79 – 118 3688777 La Madrileña Calle. 79 No. 51-72 3587899 Danny Rockers Carrera 51B No. 82 – 226 3785666 El Corral Gourmet Carrera 51B No. 79 – 80 018000114722 El Corral Carrera 53 No. 98 L-7 018000114722 ARAB Árabe Internacional Calle 93 No. 47 – 73 3782803 Árabe Gourmet Carrera 49C No. 76 – 181 3605930 Al Arabi C.C. Buenavista II P-4 L-416-A 3735353 ITALIAN La Piazzetta Carrera 64B No 84-131 3554584 Nonna Rosa Carrera 53 No 79 – 221 3574986 Nena Lela Carrera 49C No 75 – 47 3586776 La Pizzeria Carrera 51B 82 – 100 L-11 3786155 Fiordi Pizza Carrera 51 76 – 19 3049999 Tratoria La Madonna Carrera 54 No. 75 – 119 3692353 INTERNATIONAL Crepes & Waffles Carrera 51 No. 76-47 3605123 Varadero Carrera 51B No. 79 – 97 L-1 3786519 Restaurante Dijon Carrera 54 No. 68 – 196 P-1 3585070 Buffalo Grill Parrilla Carrera 51B No. 79 – 97 L-3 3783364 Restaurante El Celler Carrera 54 No. 75 - 119 3692353 CHINESE . El Gran Chef Carrera 51 No 76 – 50 3581519 Jardines de Confucio Carrera 54 No 75 – 44 3680805 JAPANESE Sake Wok & Sushi Bar Calle 80 No. 53 – 18 L-6 3736264 Subarashi Sushi Bar Carrera 53 No. 76 – 263 L-7-8 368339 MEXICAN Wepa Carrera 52 No. 79 – 320 3450027 Cactus Carrera 53 No 76 – 239 P-2 L-222 3602250 BAKERIES Nancy Cabrera Pasteleria Carrera 53 No. 82 – 16 3781369 Pasteleria La Ganache Carrera 52 No. 76 – 188 L3 3044236 SHOPPING CENTERS: C.C. Buenavista Carrera 53 No. 98 Esq. C.C. Buenavista 2 Calle 93 No. 47 – 73 Villa Country Calle 78 No. 53 – 90 Palmas Mall Carrera 51B No. 84
41