balloon demo scientific method - cbc …king/chem101_au10/ch 1... · balloon demo scientific method...
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Chapter 1 1 Science
An organized body of knowledge obtained by observation and experiment. balloon demo Scientific Method
A general process by which science evolves. Qualitative: no numbers descriptive color smell taste Quantitative: numbers weight volume temperature time
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Chapter 1.1 Chemistry: The Study of Matter Chemistry characteristics
composition transformations matter Matter has mass occupies space Mass quantity of matter Weight mass & gravity
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Chapter 1.2 Physical States of Matter 4
Solid definite shape and definite volume Liquid indefinite shape and definite volume Gas indefinite shape and indefinite volume ”______________”
Figure 1.1 in text
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States of matter depend on temperature, pressure, strength of intermolecular forces
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Chapter 1.3 Properties of Matter
Physical Properties can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance
• color, odor, physical state • • •
Chemical Properties describe the way a substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance
• Sodium reacts with water but silver does not • Ether is highly ____________
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7 Chapter 1.4 Changes in Matter
Physical Changes - changes in physical appearance but no changes in chemical composition
• Melting • •
Chemical Changes/Reactions - changes in chemical composition and structure
• Rusting of iron objects • Burning of __________ demo
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A Chemical Equation is used to represent a chemical reaction Reactants → Products Ethanol + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS Matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
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9 Chapter 1.5 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Fig 1.6
A Pure Substance • has definite and constant __________ • cannot be separated by ____________ means • has the same properties under the same conditions
Example:
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Mixtures 10
• Two or more substances each retains its own identity
• Composition can vary
• Properties can vary with ___________
• Can be separated by __________ means Homogeneous Mixture - __________ • One visible phase
• Uniform ___________ throughout
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Heterogeneous Mixture • Two or more visible phases • Different properties in different phases
Fig 1.5b potassium dichromate and iron filings
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12 Chapter 1.6 Elements and Compounds
water → hydrogen + oxygen
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13 Chapter 1.7 Discovery and Abundance of the Elements 88 naturally occurring elements demo of samples 29 elements synthesized
Figure 1.10
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14 Chapter 1.8 Names and Chemical Symbols of the Elements
Only the first letters of chemical symbols are capitalized! Co Element CO 2 elements in a compound Nickel Magnesium Sodium Potassium
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16 Chapter 1.9 Atoms and Molecules Atom = the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element.
Figure 1.12
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Molecule = two or more atoms bonded together. Homoatomic
Fig 1.13
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Heteroatomic – two or more kinds of atoms are present. From Figure 1.1 diatomic _________ ___________
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19 Chapter 1.10 Chemical Formulas H2O _______ C9H8O4 Aspirin Al2(SO4)3 2 Al
3 SO4 groups = ___ S + ___ O