balancing the act
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Engaging all stakeholders in Ecotourism DevelopmentTRANSCRIPT
Balancing The Act: The Role Of Actors In Ecotourism Development
Besa Vormatu-DzelumadzekpoAmedzofe Afrika
18 Dr. Amilcar Cabral RoadAirport Residential Area
Accra, Ghana
2003
- A Strategic View
AmedzofeAfrika
• Overview Of Global Tourism Trends
• Philosophy And Approach
• The Challenge: Self-Limiting Views
• Business Development: The “Road Map” To Sustainability
• Creating A Sustainable Eco-Industry
• The Mesomagor Case Study
Table Of Contents
Overview Of Global Tourism
2003 Estimates: • Generates US$4,544.2 Billion In Global Economic
Context• Directly And Indirectly Responsible For 195 Million Jobs
(1 In Every 13.2 Jobs)• Capital Investment Of US$686 Billion (9.6% Of Total
Investments Worldwide)
2013 Estimates: Annual Real Growth Rate Of 4.6%• Will Generate US$8,939.7 Billion In Global Economic
Context• Directly And Indirectly Responsible For 247.2 Million
Jobs (1 In Every 11.9 Jobs)• Capital Investment Of US$1,308.6 Billion (10.1% Of
Total Investments Worldwide)
Tourism: The World’s Largest Industry*
*Figures: World Travel And Tourism Council (WTTC), 2003
Philosophy And Approach
Guiding Principles
Ecotourism
Balance And Sensitivity In Resource Exploitation
Balance And Sensitivity In Resource Exploitation
Integrity Of Ecosystem And Culture
Integrity Of Ecosystem And Culture
Uniqueness And Authenticity Of Experience
Uniqueness And Authenticity Of Experience
Active Community Participation
Active Community Participation
Socio-Economic Opportunities
Socio-Economic Opportunities
• Must Be Self-Evident And Reinforce Each Other At Destination
Development-Based Model Of Ecotourism
The Challenge: Self-Limiting Views
• Subject To The Vagaries Of Donor And Philanthropy Support
View of Practitioners
Conservation ViewConservation View Development ViewDevelopment View
EcotourismEcotourism
•As A Tool For Conservation In Fulfillment Of Ideals•As A Tool For Conservation In Fulfillment Of Ideals
•As A Tool For Development In Fulfillment Of International Conventions
•As A Tool For Development In Fulfillment Of International Conventions
The Project Cycle
• Interventions Repeated Again And Again
ConceptionConception
ImplementationImplementationDeteriorationDeterioration
Business Development:The “Road Map” To Sustainability
• The Business View Adds The Dimension Of Sustainability And Independence Free From The Vagaries Of Donor/Philanthropy Support
The Strategic Partnership NexusConservation View• Tool For ConservationConservation View• Tool For Conservation
Development View• Tool For DevelopmentDevelopment View• Tool For Development
EcotourismEcotourism
Business View•Must Subscribe To Principles Of Conservation•Has To Generate Social And Economic Benefits•Needs To Offer Appropriate Investment Returns•Must Ensure Sustainability Of Projects
Business View•Must Subscribe To Principles Of Conservation•Has To Generate Social And Economic Benefits•Needs To Offer Appropriate Investment Returns•Must Ensure Sustainability Of Projects
• Commitment To Providing This Value
Ecotourist Consumer View Is Based On Obtaining Value Along This Chain…
Conceptualization Of Ecotourism ExperienceConceptualization Of Ecotourism Experience
Marketing Marketing
Fulfillment Of Expectations•Experiences•Guiding & Interpretation
Fulfillment Of Expectations•Experiences•Guiding & Interpretation
After-Care•Continued Post-Ecotour Communication•New Experiences & Services
After-Care•Continued Post-Ecotour Communication•New Experiences & Services
Creating A Sustainable Eco-Industry
Necessary But Not SufficientNecessary But Not Sufficient
• Inclusion Of Private Sector Completes Matrix
Strategic View
Government•Policy & Legislation •Infrastructure
Government•Policy & Legislation •Infrastructure
NGOs/Donors•Tool-Oriented Perspectives•Funds
NGOs/Donors•Tool-Oriented Perspectives•Funds
+Progressive Private Sector Agenda•Investments•Long Range Thinking•Beneficial Exploitation
Progressive Private Sector Agenda•Investments•Long Range Thinking•Beneficial Exploitation
• Government/NGO/Donor Action– Infrastructure (Motorable Roads, Electricity,
Telecommunication Facilities, Social Amenities)
– Product Development (Attractions, Facilities, Activities, And Services)
– Market To Generate Initial Ecotourist Traffic
• Government And Industry Regulation– Good Eco-Practices– Operational And Market-Wise Incentives
• Create Appropriate-Return Investment Opportunities
Prerequisites For Private Sector Investment: Govt./NGO/Donor Role
Private Sector Role
CreativityCreativity Investible ResourcesInvestible Resources
Market For SubstitutesMarket For Substitutes
Market For ComplementsMarket For Complements
InnovationInnovation
Re-inventionRe-invention
Business ToolsBusiness Tools
• Create Sustainable Growth Business Models In Every Life-Cycle Stage, From Start-Up To Maturity
Monitoring And Evaluation System: A Responsibility Of All Actors
M&E SystemM&E System
VisitorsVisitors SpeciesSpeciesHabitatHabitat
ProductProductCommunityCommunity
EconomicEconomic
InfrastructureInfrastructure
ManagementManagement
ExperienceExperience
Case Study
Ecotourism Resources
•RainforestFlora, fauna, river system, climate
•PeopleCultureLifestyleBamboo Orchestra
The Product
Mesomagor
The Elephant and the Baku Tree
• Tree Platform• Baku Tree• Elephant Viewing• Hiking to view
monkeys, cocoa farms, palm oil production, palm wine tapping, palm oil extraction, distilling gin, etc.
Rainforest
• Kukyekukyeku Bamboo Orchestra.
Bamboo Orchestra
Sustainability
Reception Manager
Attractions/Services:•Bamboo Orchestra performance•Tree Platform•Home-stay•Walking Tours•Guiding and interpretation•Story-telling•Hiking•Food; women’s group•Drumming & dancing•Cooking traditional dishes
Visitor
Ecotourism Committee
Operations
Bamboo Orchestra
Women’s Group
Tour Guides
Wildlife Division
Traditional Authority
Unit Committee
Mesomagor Ecotourism Committee
Management
• Members of orchestra• Women in women’s group.• Tour guides• Reception manager• Wildlife division staff• Food sellers• Home keepers• Craft sellers
Direct Indirect
Community Fund• % from groups• Entrance fees• Donations
Development Projects• clinic• school• water
Benefits sharing
• In Conclusion, I Believe It Is In The Interest Of Governments, Donors And NGOs To Create The Space And Provide Incentives For The Private Sector To Become Partners In Natural Resource Conservation To Use Ecotourism As A Sustainable Development Tool
Conclusion