balance of payments statistics - imfsg

9781513568430.pdf©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution
Balance of Payments statistics yearBook Volume 67 2016 Prepared by the IMF Statistics Department Louis Marc Ducharme, Director, Statistics Department
For information related to this publication, please: fax the Statistics Department at (202) 623-6460, or write Statistics Department
International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. 20431
or refer to the IMF Data Help page at http://datahelp.imf.org for further assistance For copyright inquiries, please fax the Editorial Division at (202) 623-6579. For purchases only, please contact Publication Services (see information below).
Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund
Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (BOPSY) contains two sections: World and Regional Tables, and Country Tables. The first section presents 21 world and regional tables for major components of the balance of payments, net International Investment Position (IIP), and total financial assets and total liabilities for the IIP. The second section provides detailed tables on balance of payments statistics for 192 economies and IIP data for 152 economies.
Address orders to: International Monetary Fund Attention: Publication Services P.O. Box 92780 Washington, D.C. 20090 U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.imf.org
ISSN 0252-3035 ISBN 978-1-51359-402-6
YEARBOOK 2016
I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F U N D
©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution
Selection of Statistical Publications International Financial Statistics (IFS) Acknowledged as a standard source of statistics on all aspects of international and domestic finance, IFS publishes, for most countries of the world, current data on exchange rates, international liquidity, international banking, money and banking, interest rates, prices, production, international transactions (including balance of payments and international investment position), government finance, and national accounts. Information is presented in tables for specific countries and in tables for area and world aggregates. IFS is published monthly and annually. Price: Subscription price is US$890 a year (US$578 to university faculty and students) for twelve monthly issues and the yearbook. Single copy price is US$114 for a monthly issue and US$180 for a yearbook issue.
Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (BOPSY) Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (BOPSY): Contains two sections; World and Regional Tables, and Country Tables. The first section presents 21 world and regional tables for major components of the balance of payments, net International Investment Position (IIP), and total financial assets and total liabilities for the IIP. The second section provides detailed tables on balance of payments statistics for 191 economies and IIP data for 150 economies. Price: US$161.
Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Quarterly issues of this publication provide, for 160 countries, tables with current data (or estimates) on the value of imports from and exports to their most important trading partners. In addition, similar summary tables for the world, industrial countries, and developing countries are included. The yearbook provides, for the most recent seven years, detailed trade data by country for approximately 184 countries, the world, and major areas. Price: Subscription price is US$260 a year (US$222 to university faculty and students) for the quarterly issues and the yearbook. Price for a quarterly issue only is US$43 and the yearbook only is US$115.
Government Finance Statistics Yearbook (GFSY) This annual publication provides detailed data on transactions in revenue, expense, net acquisition of assets and liabilities, other economic flows, and balances of assets and liabilities of general government and its subsectors. The data are compiled according to the framework of the 2001 Government Finance Statistics Manual, which provides for several summary measures of government fiscal performance. Price: US$107.
CD-ROM Subscriptions International Financial Statistics (IFS), Balance of Payments Statistics (BOPS), Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS), and Government Finance Statistics (GFS) are available on CD-ROM by annual subscription. The CD-ROMs incorporate a Windows-based browser facility, as well as a flat file of the database in scientific notation. Price of each subscription: US$250 a year for single-user PC license (US$125 for university faculty and students). Network and redistribution licenses are negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Please visit www.imfbookstore.org/onlineServicePricing.asp for information.
Subscription Packages Combined Subscription Package The combined subscription package includes all issues of IFS, DOTS, GFS, and BOPSY. Combined subscription price: US$1,418 a year (US$1,068 for university faculty and students). Expedited delivery available at additional cost; please inquire.
Combined Statistical Yearbook Subscription This subscription comprises BOPSY, IFSY, GFSY, and DOTSY at a combined rate of US$563. Because of different publication dates of the four yearbooks, it may take up to one year to service an order. Expedited delivery available at additional cost; please inquire.
IFS, BOPS, DOTS, GFS on the Internet IMF data are now available free through the internet at http://data.imf.org. This website is the gateway to access topical datasets which include IFS, BOP, DOT, GFS, CPIS (Coordinated Portfolio Investment), COFER (Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves), FSI (Finan- cial Soundness Indicators), and much more. The home page offers easy access to predefined data tables containing frequently requested concepts. Individual topical pages offer the facility to build personalized data queries and the ability to save and to download. To fully avail of the features the site has to offer, register for free by clicking on the “Register” icon on the top right corner of the IMF Data home page.
Address orders to Publication Services, International Monetary Fund, PO Box 92780, Washington, DC 20090, USA
Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.imfbookstore.org
Note: Prices include the cost of delivery by surface mail. Expedited delivery is available for an additional charge.
2016, International Monetary Fund: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook v
Official BPM6 Basis Availability ............... vii Introduction ............................................. ix Annexes .................................................. xv French Introduction .................................f-i French Annexes ...................................... f-vii Spanish Introduction ............................... s-i Spanish Annexes ................................... s-vii
World and Regional Tables A-1 Summary of International Transactions .................................. 3 A-2 Current Account Balances ............. 4 A-3 Capital Account Balances .............. 7 A-4 Financial Account Balances ......... 10 A-5 Net Errors and Omissions ........... 13 B-1 Goods .......................................... 16 B-2 Services ........................................ 19 B-3 Primary Income ........................... 22 B-4 Secondary Income ....................... 25 B-5 Capital Account ........................... 28 B-6 Financial Account: Direct Investment ................................... 31 B-7 Financial Account: Portfolio Investment ................................... 34 B-8 Financial Account: Financial Deri- vatives (other than reserves) and
Employee Stock Options (ESOs) 37 B-9 Financial Account: Other Investment ................................... 40 B-10 Financial Account: Reserve Assets43 C-1 Global Discrepancies in Balance of Payments Statistics ...................... 46 D-1 Exports of Goods and Services as a
Percentage of GDP ...................... 47 D-2 Imports of Goods and Services as a
Percentage of GDP ...................... 50 D-3 Current Account as a Percentage of GDP ........................................ 53 E-1 Net International Investment Position ........................................ 56 E-2 International Investment Position: Assets and Liabilities ................... 59
Country Tables Afghanistan, Islamic Rep. of (includes IIP) . 64 Albania (includes IIP) ................................ 70 Algeria ..................................................... 76 Angola (includes IIP) ................................. 80 Anguilla ................................................... 86 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 90 Argentina (includes IIP) ............................. 94 Armenia, Republic of (includes IIP) ........ 100 Aruba (includes IIP) ................................ 106 Australia (includes IIP) ............................ 112 Austria (includes IIP) ............................... 118 Azerbaijan, Republic of (includes IIP) ..... 124 Bahamas, The ........................................ 130 Bahrain, Kingdom of (includes IIP) ......... 134
Bangladesh (includes IIP) ........................ 140 Barbados (includes IIP) ............................ 146 Belarus (includes IIP) ............................... 152 Belgium (includes IIP) .............................. 158 Belize ..................................................... 164 Benin (includes IIP) .................................. 168 Bermuda (includes IIP) ............................ 174 Bhutan (includes IIP) ............................... 180 Bolivia (includes IIP) ................................ 186 Bosnia and Herzegovina (includes IIP) .... 192 Botswana (includes IIP) ........................... 198 Brazil (includes IIP) .................................. 204 Brunei Darussalam ................................ 210 Bulgaria (includes IIP) .............................. 214 Burkina Faso (includes IIP) ...................... 220 Burundi (includes IIP) .............................. 226 Cabo Verde (includes IIP) ........................ 232 Cambodia (includes IIP) .......................... 238 Cameroon .............................................. 244 Canada (includes IIP) ............................... 248 Chile (includes IIP) .................................. 254 China, P.R.: Mainland (includes IIP) ....... 260 China, P.R.: Hong Kong (includes IIP) .... 266 China, P.R.: Macao ................................ 272 Colombia (includes IIP) ........................... 276 Comoros ................................................ 282 Congo, Democratic Republic of ........... 286 Congo, Republic of ............................... 290 Costa Rica (includes IIP) .......................... 294 Côte d'Ivoire (includes IIP) ...................... 300 Croatia (includes IIP) ............................... 306 Curaçao ................................................. 312 Curaçao and Sint Maarten ..................... 316 Cyprus (includes IIP) ............................... 320 Czech Republic (includes IIP) ................. 326 Denmark (includes IIP) ............................ 332 Djibouti (includes IIP) ............................. 338 Dominica ............................................... 344 Dominican Republic (includes IIP) .......... 348 Eastern Caribbean Currency Union ...... 354 Ecuador (includes IIP) .............................. 358 Egypt (includes IIP) ................................. 364 El Salvador (includes IIP) ......................... 370 Estonia (includes IIP) ............................... 376 Ethiopia ................................................. 382 Euro Area (includes IIP) ........................... 386 Faroe Islands .......................................... 392 Fiji (includes IIP) ...................................... 396 Finland (includes IIP) ............................... 402 France (includes IIP) ................................ 408 French Polynesia .................................... 414 Gambia, The .......................................... 418 Georgia (includes IIP) .............................. 422 Germany (includes IIP) ............................ 428 Ghana (includes IIP) ................................ 434 Greece (includes IIP) ................................ 440 Grenada ................................................. 446 Guatemala (includes IIP) ......................... 450 Guinea (includes IIP) ............................... 456 Guinea-Bissau (includes IIP) .................... 462 Guyana .................................................. 468 Haiti (includes IIP) ................................... 472 Honduras (includes IIP) ........................... 478
Hungary (includes IIP) ............................ 484 Iceland (includes IIP) ............................... 490 India (includes IIP) .................................. 496 Indonesia (includes IIP) ........................... 502 Iraq (includes IIP) .................................... 508 Ireland (includes IIP) ............................... 514 Israel (includes IIP) .................................. 520 Italy (includes IIP) ................................... 526 Jamaica (includes IIP) .............................. 532 Japan (includes IIP) ................................. 538 Jordan (includes IIP) ................................ 544 Kazakhstan (includes IIP) ........................ 550 Kenya .................................................... 556 Kiribati (includes IIP) .............................. 560 Korea, Republic of (includes IIP) ............ 566 Kosovo (includes IIP) .............................. 572 Kuwait (includes IIP) ............................... 578 Kyrgyz Republic (includes IIP) ............... 584 Lao People's Democratic Republic ....... 590 Latvia (includes IIP) ................................. 594 Lebanon ................................................ 600 Lesotho (includes IIP) ............................. 604 Liberia ................................................... 610 Libya ..................................................... 614 Lithuania (includes IIP) ........................... 618 Luxembourg (includes IIP) ...................... 624 Macedonia, FYR (includes IIP) ............... 630 Madagascar ........................................... 636 Malawi (includes IIP) .............................. 640 Malaysia (includes IIP) ............................ 646 Maldives (includes IIP) ........................... 652 Mali (includes IIP) ................................... 658 Malta (includes IIP) ................................. 664 Marshall Islands, Rep. of (includes IIP) .. 670 Mauritania ............................................. 676 Mauritius (includes IIP) ........................... 680 Mexico (includes IIP) .............................. 686 Micronesia, Fed. States of (includes IIP) . 692 Moldova (includes IIP) ............................ 698 Mongolia (includes IIP) ........................... 704 Montenegro .......................................... 710 Montserrat ............................................ 714 Morocco (includes IIP) ............................ 718 Mozambique (includes IIP) .................... 724 Myanmar (includes IIP) .......................... 730 Namibia (includes IIP) ............................ 736 Nepal (includes IIP) ................................. 742 Netherlands (includes IIP) ....................... 748 Netherlands Antilles ............................. 754 New Caledonia ..................................... 758 New Zealand (includes IIP) .................... 762 Nicaragua (includes IIP) .......................... 768 Niger (includes IIP) ................................. 774 Nigeria (includes IIP) ............................... 780 Norway (includes IIP) ............................. 786 Oman .................................................... 792 Pakistan (includes IIP) ............................. 796 Palau (includes IIP) .................................. 802 Panama (includes IIP) .............................. 808 Papua New Guinea ............................... 814 Paraguay (includes IIP) ............................ 818 Peru (includes IIP) ................................... 824 Philippines (includes IIP) ......................... 830
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
Underline
“Country” in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers the euro area, the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, and some nonsovereign territorial entities, for which statistical data are provided internationally on a separate basis.
vi 2016, International Monetary Fund: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
Poland (includes IIP) .............................. 836 Portugal (includes IIP) ............................ 842 Qatar ................................................... 848 Romania (includes IIP) ........................... 852 Russian Federation (includes IIP) .......... 858 Rwanda (includes IIP) ............................ 864 St. Kitts and Nevis ............................... 870 St. Lucia ............................................... 874 St. Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 878 Samoa .................................................. 882 São Tomé and Príncipe (includes IIP) .... 886 Saudi Arabia (includes IIP) ..................... 892 Senegal (includes IIP) ............................. 898 Serbia, Republic of (includes IIP) ........... 904 Seychelles (includes IIP) ........................ 910
South Africa (includes IIP) ..................... 952 South Sudan, Republic of .................... 958 Spain (includes IIP) ................................ 962 Sri Lanka (includes IIP) .......................... 968 Sudan (includes IIP) ............................... 974 Suriname (includes IIP) .......................... 980 Swaziland (includes IIP) ......................... 986 Sweden (includes IIP) ............................ 992 Switzerland (includes IIP) ...................... 998 Syrian Arab Republic (includes IIP) ..... 1004 Tajikistan (includes IIP) ........................ 1010 Tanzania (includes IIP) ........................ 1016 Thailand (includes IIP) ......................... 1022 Timor-Leste, Dem.Rep. of (includes IIP) . 1028 Togo (includes IIP) ............................... 1034
Ukraine (includes IIP) ........................... 1076 United Kingdom (includes IIP) ............ 1082 United States (includes IIP) .................. 1088 Uruguay (includes IIP) ......................... 1094 Vanuatu (includes IIP) .......................... 1100 Venezuela, RepÃºblica Bolivariana de
(includes IIP) .................................. 1106 Vietnam ............................................. 1112 West Bank and Gaza (includes IIP) ...... 1116 Yemen, Republic of ........................... 1122 Zambia (includes IIP) ........................... 1126 Zimbabwe ......................................... 1132
Underline
Underline
Underline
512 Afghanistan, I.R. of Q22008 914 Albania Q12013 2008 612 Algeria 2010 614 Angola 2009 2009 911 Armenia, Republic of Q11993 Q11997 193 Australia Q11995 Q11989 122 Austria Q12006 Q12006 912 Azerbaijan, Republic of Q12013 513 Bangladesh Q12005 Q12005 316 Barbados 2011 2010 913 Belarus Q12000 Q11999 124 Belgium Q12008 Q12008 339 Belize Q12011 638 Benin 2011 2011 319 Bermuda Q12006 Q12013 514 Bhutan Q12006 Q12007 963 Bosnia and Herzegovina Q12007 2005 223 Brazil Q12010 Q12001 516 Brunei Darussalam Q12010 918 Bulgaria Q12010 Q12010 748 Burkina Faso Q12011 Q12011 618 Burundi 2005 2005 624 Cabo Verde Q12012 Q12012 156 Canada Q11981 Q11981 228 Chile Q12009 Q12009 924 China, P.R.: Mainland Q12005 Q12011 532 China, P.R.: Hong Kong Q11998 Q12000 546 China, P.R.: Macao 2002 233 Colombia Q12000 Q12000 238 Costa Rica Q12000 Q12000 662 Côte d’Ivoire 2011 2011 960 Croatia Q12000 Q12001 354 Curaçao Q42010 2011 355 Curaçao & Sint Maarten Q42010 2011 423 Cyprus Q12008 Q12008 935 Czech Republic Q12008 Q12008 128 Denmark Q12013 Q12013 243 Dominican Republic Q12010 Q12009 253 El Salvador Q11976 Q11996 939 Estonia Q12009 Q12009 163 Euro Area2 Q12008 Q12008
Country BOP BPM6 IIP BPM6 Code Name basis start date basis start date
819 Fiji Q12005 Q12005 172 Finland Q12005 Q12005 132 France Q11999 Q11999 915 Georgia Q12000 Q12000 134 Germany Q11991 Q12008 652 Ghana Q12011 2010 174 Greece Q12009 Q12008 258 Guatemala Q12008 Q12013 654 Guinea-Bissau 2007 2007 944 Hungary Q11995 Q11995 176 Iceland Q11995 Q11995 534 India Q12009 Q12006 536 Indonesia Q12010 Q12013 433 Iraq Q12013 2012 178 Ireland Q12014 Q12012 436 Israel Q12015 Q12015 136 Italy Q12008 Q12008 343 Jamaica Q12011 Q12009 158 Japan Q11996 1996 439 Jordan Q12010 Q42010 916 Kazakhstan Q12000 Q12000 826 Kiribati Q12006 Q12007 542 Korea, Republic of Q11980 Q11994 967 Kosovo, Republic of Q12013 Q12013 443 Kuwait 2009 2009 917 Kyrgyz Republic Q12010 Q12014 941 Latvia Q12000 Q12000 666 Lesotho Q12005 668 Liberia Q12014 946 Lithuania Q12004 Q12004 137 Luxembourg Q12002 Q12002 962 Macedonia, FYR Q11998 Q12003 676 Malawi 2003 2002 548 Malaysia Q12010 Q12005 556 Maldives 2011 678 Mali 2005 2005 181 Malta Q12004 Q12008 867 Marshall Islands 2005 2010 684 Mauritius Q12013 868 Micronesia, Fed. Sts of 2009 2009 921 Moldova Q12009
Availability of Official1 BPM6 Basis Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Data
1 Official BPM6-basis availability reflects an economy’s own reported BPM6-basis data included in this publication. Data for earlier periods for these economies and for economies not yet providing official BPM6-basis estimates are IMF converted BPM5-basis estimates. The splice point between official BPM6-basis estimates and IMF converted BPM5-basis estimates is marked at the series level on economy specific tables with the “†” symbol.
2 Money market funds are included in the “Deposit taking corporations, except the central bank” sector instead of under “other sectors” (other financial corporations). Official BPM6 basis data reflect the fixed composition concept of the Euro Area while data for the earlier periods reflect the changing composition concept.
For any country specific deviation from standards, consult available metadata at http://data.imf.org/BOP.
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook vii
943 Montenegro Q12013 686 Morocco Q12014 Q12013 688 Mozambique Q11996 2006 518 Myanmar Q12013 Q12013 558 Nepal Q12012 138 Netherlands Q12004 Q22003 196 New Zealand Q12000 Q12000 278 Nicaragua Q12005 Q12005 692 Niger 2011 2011 142 Norway Q12012 Q12012 564 Pakistan Q12005 Q12014 565 Palau 2005 2005 283 Panama Q12015 Q12015 566 Philippines Q12005 Q12011 964 Poland Q12004 Q12004 182 Portugal Q11999 Q11999 968 Romania Q12005 Q12005 922 Russian Federation Q12000 Q12004 714 Rwanda 2013 2013 862 Samoa Q12005 716 São Tomé and Príncipe Q11997 Q42013 456 Saudi Arabia Q12005 2007 722 Senegal 2005 2005 942 Serbia, Republic of Q12007 Q42013 718 Seychelles Q12007 Q42012 576 Singapore Q11995 Q12001 352 Sint Maarten Q42010 2011
936 Slovak Republic Q12004 Q12004 961 Slovenia Q12008 Q12008 813 Solomon Islands Q12006 Q12006 199 South Africa Q12002 1998 733 South Sudan, Rep. of 2014 184 Spain Q11999 Q11999 524 Sri Lanka Q12012 Q12011 732 Sudan Q12010 2005 144 Sweden Q12011 Q12008 146 Switzerland Q11999 Q11999 923 Tajikistan Q12010 Q12010 738 Tanzania Q12010 578 Thailand Q12005 Q12005 537 Timor-Leste, Dem.Rep.of Q12015 Q12015 742 Togo 2011 2011 866 Tonga Q12011 Q12010 186 Turkey Q12005 1996 869 Tuvalu 2001 2001 746 Uganda Q12001 Q11999 926 Ukraine Q12005 Q12010 112 United Kingdom Q11999 Q11999 111 United States Q11999 Q11976 846 Vanuatu Q12010 Q12010 299 Venezuela, Rep. Bol. Q12005 Q12005 582 Vietnam Q12013 487 West Bank and Gaza 2000 Q42013 754 Zambia Q12005 2006 698 Zimbabwe 2009
Availability of Official1 BPM6 Basis Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Data
1 Official BPM6-basis availability reflects an economy’s own reported BPM6-basis data included in this publication. Data for earlier periods for these economies and for economies not yet providing official BPM6-basis estimates are IMF converted BPM5-basis estimates. The splice point between official BPM6-basis estimates and IMF converted BPM5-basis estimates is marked at the series level on economy specific tables with the “†” symbol.
For any country specific deviation from standards, consult available metadata at http://data.imf.org/BOP.
viii 2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook ix
only in electronic format and are available through the on- line database accessible at data.imf.org2 and on CD-ROM.
As noted, the release of the Yearbook on the basis of BPM63 was endorsed by the IMF’s Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics. The BPM6 provides updated international standards covering the methodologies for compiling, and the presentation of, balance of payments and IIP statistics. It incorporates clarifications and improvements reflect- ing significant developments and expansion in globalized international trade arrangements and financial markets that had been identified since the release of the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) in 1993. Moreover, the linkages to and consistency with other macroeconomic statistics are maintained and enhanced through the parallel update of the OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct In- vestment and the System of National Accounts.
Appendix 8 of the BPM6 and the BPM6 Conversion Ma- trix (Appendix 1 of the BPM6 Compilation Guide) describe the conceptual and presentational changes from BPM5 in de- tail, including the change of names of accounts (e.g., current transfers in BPM5 is renamed secondary income in BPM6), the arrangement of data in the accounts (e.g., direct investment data are presented on a directional principle basis under BPM5, whereas they are presented on a asset/liability basis in the standard components of BPM6), and the values shown for accounts (e.g., goods that were temporarily sent abroad for processing without any ownership change were included in gross imports and exports under BPM5, whereas only the processing fee is included under BPM6).
For many decades, the IMF has published data on a basis that is consistent across countries and across time periods. Such data consistency is required to perform cross-country data comparisons, track growth rates acrosstime, and produce regional or global data aggregates. The challenge
2 See: http://data.imf.org/ 3 Volume 1 of the Yearbook, published in 1949, was based on the first edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual, issued in 1948; Volumes 2-12 were compiled pursuant to the second edition of the Manual, issued in 1950; Volumes 13-23 were based on the third edition of the Manual, issued in 1961; and Volumes 2429 were associated with that edition as well as the Balance of Payments Manual: Supplement to Third Edition, issued in 1973. Volumes 30-45 followed the guidance of the fourth edition of the Manual, published in 1977. Volumes 46-62 were presented in accordance with the standard components of the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5). However, the standard components changed with the publication of Financial Derivatives, a Supplement to the Fifth Edition (1993) of the Balance of Payments Manual, published in 2000 and amended in 2002. As noted, Vol- ume 63 and subsequent volumes were presented on the basis of BPM6.
Table of Contents
3. Country Tables
Annex I. Analytic Presentation of Balance of Payments
Annex II. Standard Presentation of Balance of Payments
Annex III. Standard Components of the International
Investment Position
Annex V. Conceptual Framework of the Balance of
Payments and International Investment Position
Annex VI. Classification and Standard Components of
the Balance of Payments and International Invest-
ment Position
1. Overview
Volume 67 of the Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (BOPSY), published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), contains balance of payments and international investment position (IIP) data in accordance with the sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6)1. Data are presented for 2008 forward. The IMF is grateful for countries’ cooperation in providing comprehensive, timely, and regular data to the Fund for re-dissemination. These data support the IMF’s Statistics Department (STA) in its efforts to respond to the analytical and policy needs of the IMF, member countries, and the international community.
The Yearbook contains two sections, World and Re- gional Tables, which presents 21 World and Regional Ta- bles for major components of the balance of payments and IIP accounts, and Country Tables, which presents annual balance of payments and IIP data of individual countries, jurisdictions, and other reporting entities. Balance of Pay- ments and IIP metadata (previously included as Methodol- ogies, Compilation Practices, and Data Sources) are published
1 BPM6 was published in 2009. See: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ bop/2007/bopman6.htm.
the IMF webpage at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ bop/2007/bopman6.htm.
The methodologies, compiling practices, and data sources available through data.imf.org and CD-ROM are based on information provided to the IMF by reporting countries. The descriptions are intended to enhance user understanding of the coverage, as well as the limitations, of individual country data. At the same time, they are useful in informing compilers of data sources and practices used by their counterparts in other countries.
is that, as with the adoption of earlier versions of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual, countries are adopt- ing BPM6 at different times. However, data conversion work undertaken by IMF staff, in close consultation with IMF member countries, has made possible the presentation in the BPM6 format of data for economies that have not yet implemented BPM6. To assist users in understanding the impact of conversion to BPM6, as well as in understanding major methodological changes from BPM5 to BPM6, a set of frequently asked questions is posted on
Box 1. Selected Main Rules Used for the Generic Conversion of BPM5 Data to BPM6
• The balances on the Current account, Capital account and Financial account, Reserve assets, and Net errors and omissions were not changed.
• “Merchanting” was reclassified from Services to Goods.
• “Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others” (“Goods for processing” in BPM5) was reclassified from Goods to Services. The gross values of goods that physically moved across borders for processing but for which there was no change in ownership are excluded from goods trade.
• “Repairs on goods” was reclassified from goods to services (called “Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.” in BPM6).
• “Goods procured in ports by carriers” was included in “General merchandise on a balance of payments basis.”
• “Communication services” and “Computer and information services” from BPM5 were reclassified to “Tele- communications, computer, and information services” in BPM6.
• “Postal and courier services” was included in “Transport.”
• “Migrants transfers” was eliminated from the capital account (according to BPM6, a change of ownership is no longer imputed).
• “Reverse investment” in “Direct investment” was reclassified according to the asset/liability presentational basis.
• In general, the data for “Monetary authorities” in BPM5 were mapped to “Central bank.” In some instances, the data were mapped (in full or in part) to “General government” or other institutional units in consultation with countries.
• The use of signs in the balance of payments presentations was changed as follows: (i) in current and capital accounts, both credits and debits, were registered with positive signs; (ii) in financial account, increases in assets and increases in liabilities were registered with positive signs, and decreases in assets and decreases in liabilities with negative signs.
• For the IMF dissemination of data, consistent with long-time IMF practices, data provided by the Finance Department of the IMF on SDR holdings, SDR allocations, and Reserve position in the IMF were substituted for reported data, if different.
2. World and Regional Tables
This section presents aggregated country data. Bal- ance of payments data are shown for major balance of payments components, and IIP data are shown for (i) the Net IIP and (ii) Total Assets and Total Liabilities. Data for countries, country groups, and the world are provided. Changes in the composition of some groupings for regional aggregates are introduced in this Vol-
ume largely corresponding to the regional groupings in the October 2016 issue of the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (WEO). BOPSY has a wider coverage of economies than WEO because some economies not included in the WEO dataset report external sector data to STA. Data reported by countries are shown in the Country Tables of the Yearbook (see next section). The World and Regional tables include, in addition to reported data, data derived in a few instances indirectly from published sources.
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook xi
where data are missing, either as credits if WEO shows a net credit balance or as debits if a net debit balance is shown in WEO; (iii) if the gap is after a reported observation then the WEO net value is used for each year; also the latest reported debits and credits are carried forward. However, to ensure that gross debits and credits are consistent with the net values shown, a positive adjustment is made to the carry forward credit when the net WEO value shows a higher net credit, or to the carry forward debit when the net WEO value shows a higher net debit. To estimate the capital account, the WEO gross flows are used, if available. If not, the net WEO capital value is inserted directly, to credits if WEO shows a net credit and to debits if WEO shows a net debit. In a few cases, countries reported to IFS only “net” capital account data. In such cases, the net value is allocated to credits (if positive) or debits (if negative). With regard to financial account transactions, when there are gaps, the WEO data are used. For the estimation of financial derivatives, WEO gross flows are now used, as available. If the WEO gross flows are not available, but WEO net flows are available, WEO net value is inserted to the liabilities side with an opposite sign.
In some cases, where balance of payments data are not available for one or more years in the time series, to ensure consistency, no IIP estimates are used, even in cases where available in EWN. A small number of economies are not included in the published tables because no data are available from STA or from the Research De- partment (WEO) for the entire period. Estimates for missing data, which are included in regional and world totals, are not shown for the individual countries concerned.
“Country” as used in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers the Euro Area, the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU), the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CE- MAC), the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), and some non-sovereign territorial entities for which statistical data are provided internationally on a separate basis.
All tables of aggregates appearing in the World and Re- gional Tables section are shown in the table of contents of this publication. Table A-1 provides a summary of international trans-actions, showing world totals of the major components of the balance of payments. Tables A-2 through A-5 present balances by country for the current, capital, and financial accounts, as well as the errors and omissions. Tables B-1 through B-10 present major components of the balance of payments accounts. Each of these tables includes a break- down by regional group and by country.
Table C-1 presents “global discrepancies” in balance of payments statistics by major components. Global discrepancies shown in the table refer to the discrepancies between the sum of the debit and credit entries for the current and capital accounts, and between the sum of net acquisition of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities for the
In the World and Regional Tables, missing data are estimated for countries by IMF staff to the extent possible. The estimation procedure is based largely on the use of the new WEO database in BPM6 format complemented by the recently created Common Surveillance Database (CSD). The BPM6-based WEO provides expanded data coverage for some series (e.g., gross flows are included on an optional basis for primary income, secondary income, and capital account, as well as for the total assets and liabilities in the IIP, and facilitates an improved basis for estimation procedures used in BOPSY. However, data published in BOPSY may differ from balance of payments data published in the WEO main- ly due to timing and estimation methodology differences
For the IIP, the estimates for nonreporting economies are now primarily based on the WEO, complemented by the IMF Research Department’s External Wealth of Nations (EWN) database that includes data for over 200 economies. Data from EWN are in the public domain and are used ex- tensively by IMF staff for multilateral surveillance and for research. They are updated and validated on a continuing basis.
External assets and liabilities in EWN are estimated from a variety of sources. Typically, official IIP data are used for countries that report such estimates. For countries and years for which IIP data are not reported, the data are estimated using alternative sources. These include, for example: (i) Bank for International Settlements (BIS) reported data and partner-country BIS data (for foreign assets), (ii) Interna- tional Financial Statistics (IFS) data on deposit-taking corporations’ and other financial corporations’ foreign assets, (iii) IFS data for official reserves, (iv) Joint External Debt Hub, the World Bank’s Global Development Finance, and the WEO databases for external debt liabilities, (v) cumula- tive financial flows (adjusted for valuation changes) are taken from STA published data as well as WEO (when STA data are not available), (vi) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) data on foreign direct investment (FDI), (vii) Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey data for portfolio investment, and (viii) partner-country data from national sources for both FDI and portfolio equity assets and liabilities.
The following outlines the methodology used to gap-fill balance of payments data where country data are missing. For goods and services transactions, where data gaps exist in years prior to or after the latest year of reporting to STA, estimates are made by applying the growth rates derived from the WEO for the missing year(s) to the latest reported annual data (debits and credits). In cases where there are gaps for the entire period, WEO data are inserted directly.
To estimate primary income, secondary income, and the capital account, WEO data series are used primarily, with CSD data as a second alternative. The estimation procedure for primary and secondary income consists of the following: (i) if available, WEO gross flows, or alternatively, CSD’s, are used; (ii) if not, and the gap is in the leading year(s) of the series, then WEO net value is inserted for the leading year(s)
xii 2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
lated items). The standard presentation of the balance of payments (Table 2) and of the IIP (Table 3) shows data displayed in the standard components described in the BPM6. Data on so-called Fund Accounts—for example, transactions in Spe- cial Drawing Rights (SDRs) or involving the IMF’s General Resources Account—are obtained from IMF sources.
Tables 1, 2, and 3 present reported data for the years 2008–2015 for each country. Unless otherwise indicated, the tables present figures for calendar years.
Balance of Payments: Analytic Presentation
In the analytic presentation, shown in Table 1, balance of payments components are classified into five major data categories (groups A through E) that the IMF regards as useful for analyzing balance of payments developments uniformly. In addition, certain transactions are reclassified from that shown in the standard components. The selected groups, however, should not be considered to reflect the IMF’s recommendations about the analytic approach appro- priate for every country. Other analytic presentations could be arrayed by regrouping the standard components in other ways to take into account the special circumstances of a specific country or to serve particular analytical requirements.
The figures shown in the analytic and standard presentations differ for balances of the current account, the capital account, and the financial account for some countries. This is because, in the analytic presentation, certain transactions under these accounts are reclassified as “reserves and related items.” The reclassified transactions are grouped under reserve assets, credits and loans from the IMF, and exceptional financing. Exceptional financing refers to transactions undertaken by the authorities to finance balance of payments needs, including such items as external borrowing, accumulation and payment of arrears, and debt forgiveness. Exceptional financing excludes reserve assets, and credit and loans from the IMF. (See also Annex I.)
Balance of Payments: Standard Presentation
The standard components of balance of payments, shown in the standard presentation in Table 2, are summa- rized under goods and services, primary income, and secondary income in the current account, and also under the main standard components in the capital account. Under the financial account, components are classified by functional category (i.e., direct investment; portfolio investment; financial derivatives (other than reserves) and employee stock options (ESOs); other investment; and reserve assets), by type of financial instrument (equity, debt, and other), separately for net acquisitions of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities. Most of these financial account categories are further classified by domestic sector (central bank; deposit taking corporations, except the central bank; general government; and other sectors (with the latter containing “of which: other financial corporations”). (See also Annex II.)
financial account of corresponding components reported by countries and estimated by IMF staff. For example, the global discrepancy shown for the trade balance represents the difference between the global aggregate of trade surpluses for goods and that of trade deficits for goods. In principle, under balance of payments conventions, global aggregates for exports should equal global aggregates for imports, and global trade surpluses should mirror global trade deficits, with the global trade balance equal to zero. In general, the same principle applies to other balance of payments components shown in Table C-1.
For a variety of reasons, however, countries may not cor- rectly record some transactions, or they classify corresponding transactions differently. Under these circumstances, errors and omissions in the national data and asymmetries (discrepancies) in the global statistics arise. Also, some coverage gaps exist at the global level, such as financial flows for some small offshore centers that do not report balance of payments data to the IMF. Figures presented in Table C-1 reflect such net global asymmetries for the different balances. The net errors and omissions shown in the table represent the sum of the global discrepancy figures for the current, capital, and financial accounts.
Within the current account, a negative global balance indicates a net excess of recorded debits, which may reflect an under-recording of credits, an overstatement of debits, or both. A positive global balance in the financial account suggests an overstatement of financial account outflows (increases in financial assets and decreases in liabilities) or an understatement of recorded inflows (decreases in financial assets and increases in liabilities).
The memorandum items of Table C-1 show the global discrepancies of certain major components of the balance of payments as a proportion of the sum of credits and debits of the category.
Tables D-1, D-2, and D-3 present exports and imports of goods and services and the current account balance, as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), information that is of general interest to data users.
Table E-1 presents the Net IIP while E-2 shows Total Assets and Total Liabilities.
3. Country Tables
The country tables section presents the data pages al- phabetically. “Country” in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers some non-sovereign territorial entities for which statistical data are provided internationally on a separate basis.
For each country, balance of payments data are presented in both analytic and standard presentations. Balance of payments components in the analytic presentation (Table 1) are arrayed to highlight the financing items (reserves and re-
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook xiii
is all maturities, and “N” is not applicable. Readers may refer to Annex IV for details of the coding scheme.
Sign convention
In both the analytic and standard presentations (Tables 1 and 2), transactions data are shown as gross credit or gross debit entries in the current and capital accounts, and as net acquisition of financial assets or net incurrence of liabilities (to reflect net changes in assets or net changes in liabilities) in the financial account. In the current and capital accounts, both credit and debit entries are positive (but without a plus sign). In the financial account, increases in assets and increases in liabilities are shown as positive amounts (without a plus sign) and decreases in assets and decreases in liabilities are shown as negative amounts. The current and capital account balances are obtained as credits minus debits, and the financial account balance is calculated as net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities. A positive sign for the financial account balance indicates a net increase in financial assets, and/or a net decrease in liabilities, while a negative sign indicates a net increase in liabilities and/or a net decrease in financial assets.
Negative signs
The conversion rule for the reclassification of “Man- ufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others” (“Goods for processing” in BPM5) from the goods to the services account may have generated negative values for these services for some economies in a given period. This is the case when the value of imports exceeds the value of exports in the processing economy, or when the value of exports exceeds the value of imports in the partner economy.
Nil, Unavailable Entries, or Confidential Data
In the Yearbook tables, dots (....) indicate that data are either not available, zero or insignificant, or confidential. In cases where data for one or more given subcomponent(s) cannot be revealed due to confidentiality reasons, the nondisclosed value(s) will be either (i) added to a generic subcomponent (such as “other”) within the relevant data component; or (ii) omitted without adjusting a generic subcomponent. In either instance, the reported total remains unchanged; therefore, in case (ii), the total would be not equal to the sum of the components.
Rounding of Figures
Most data in the tables are expressed in units of one million. The unit is chosen to present the figures conve- niently. Because of the calculation routines used, rounding differences may occur between an aggregate and the sum of its components.
Currency Conversion
The balance of payments and IIP data reported to the Fund are expressed in national currencies, in U.S. dollars, or
International Investment Position
IIP data, as shown in Table 3, are arrayed in accordance with the standard components of the IIP as set forth in the BPM6. (See also Annex III.)
IIP data reflect a country’s external financial assets and liabilities at a specific point in time. The classification of the IIP components is consistent with that of the financial account of the balance of payments. This consistency is necessary for a comprehensive analysis of relationships between them. The financial transactions of the balance of payments and other flows (revaluations and other changes in volume) show the contribution to changes between the opening and closing positions of the financial assets and liabilities recorded in the IIP. In other words, financial assets and liabilities gain or lose value and appear or disappear due to balance of payments transactions, other volume changes, and/or revaluation.
The net IIP is derived by taking the difference between the value of external financial assets and liabilities.
External debt is not a separate component of the IIP but can be derived by summing the liability positions other than (1) financial derivatives (other than reserves) and ESOs, (2) equity and investment fund shares, and (3) other equity. These three liabilities are not debt instruments according to international statistical standards.
Data Codes
Tables 1, 2, and 3 show codes for each data category and component. The codes are designed for the standard components of balance of payments and IIP data as defined in the BPM6.
There are nine digits/characters for each code shown in the Yearbook. The first two positions designate the account, with the first number indicating the main account, with“1” assigned to the Current Account, “2” to the Capital Account, “3” to the Financial Account, and “8” to the IIP. The second character indicates the sub account which the concept refers to, for example: “1A” Goods, “1B” Services, “1C” Primary Income, “1D” Secondary Income, “3A” Direct Investment, “8A” IIP: Direct Investment. The next four digits are used to classify balance of payments and IIP components. For example, the current account is coded 10999, the capital account, 20999, and the financial account, 30999.
The sixth digit/character of the codes shown in the Yearbook denotes special features about specific data components. In this position “S” indicates substitution of Fund accounts and “F” indicates the exclusion of exceptional financing. The seventh digit indicates the accounting unit where “C” is credit, “D” is debit, “B” is balance, “A” is net acquisition of financial assets, “L” is net incurrence of liabilities and “N” is net. The eighth digit represents the economic sectors. The ninth digit represents maturity (on an original maturity basis) where “S” is short-term, “L” is long-term, “A”
xiv 2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
in another currency. To facilitate comparisons among countries, all balance of payments and IIP statements published in the Yearbook and in the BOPS CD-ROM are expressed in U.S. dollars. In addition, all countries’ reported data on transactions and positions with the Fund and transactions and positions in SDRs are replaced with data obtained from the Fund records, which are kept in SDRs. This information is, in turn, converted to U.S. dollars.
For countries that do not report in U.S. dollars, balance of payments data are converted using the country conversion rates shown at the bottom of Table 1 of the country pages. These rates are normally the average exchange rates for a country for the relevant year taken from the Interna- tional Financial Statistics (IFS). For example, the IFS pages for the Euro Area contain line “rf,” giving average rates for euros per U.S. dollar. Conversions of transactions data from SDRs into U.S. dollars are made at the rates shown in line “sb” of the IFS pages for the United States. For countries reporting quarterly data in national currencies, annual U.S. dollar totals are obtained by aggregating the quarterly U.S. dollar figures.
For countries that do not report IIP data in U.S. dollars, data are converted using the country conversion rates shown at the bottom of Table 3 of the country pages. These rates are normally the end-of-period exchange rates for a
country (line “ae”) for the relevant year taken from IFS. More information on the exchange rates used may be found in the introduction to IFS, Section 1, or on the IFS CD-ROM in the file entitled INT.rtf.
4. CD-ROM and Internet Versions
Statistics published in the Yearbook are also available on CD-ROM and through data.imf.org. In this electronic version, time series may be slightly larger than that appearing in the printed version of the Yearbook, as also may be the number of periods for which data observations of time series are given. Also, quarterly data reported by countries are available, and updates and revisions of the data are included as they become available. Inquiries about the CD-ROM and data.imf.org should be addressed to:
Publication Services
Annex I. Analytic Presentation of Balance of Payments
Data Codes
Goods, credit (exports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A9999CXN Goods, debit (imports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A9999DXN Balance on goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A9999BXN Services, credit (exports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B9999CXN Services, debit (imports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B9999DXN Balance on goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Z9999BXN Primary income: credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1C9999CXA Primary income: debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1C9999DXA
Balance on goods, services, and primary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Y9999BXN
Secondary income: credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D999FCAA Secondary income: debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D9999DAA
B. CAPITAL ACCOUNT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20999FBAA
Balance on current and capital account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129999BAN
C. FINANCIAL ACCOUNT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30999FNAA
Direct investment: assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A9999AAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA000AAA
Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AB000AAA Direct investment: liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A999FLAA
Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA00FLAA Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AB00FLAA
Portfolio investment: assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B9999AAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000AAA
Debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000AAA Portfolio investment: liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B999FLAA
Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA00FLAA Debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB00FLAA
Financial derivatives and employee stock options (ESOs): net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3C9999NAA Financial derivatives and ESOs: assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3C9999AAA Financial derivatives and ESOs: liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3C9999LAA Other investment: assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D9999AAA
Other equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DA000AAA Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000AAA
Other investment: liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D999FLAA Other equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DA00FLAA Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ00FLAA Current + capital - financial account balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Y999FNAA
D. NET ERRORS AND OMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40999SNAA
E. RESERVES AND RELATED ITEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Z999SNAA
Reserve assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3E999SAAA Credit and loans from the IMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DC0ZSLAA Exceptional financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4099E0LAN
Conversion rates: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RFZFB
1Excludes components that have been classified in the categories of Group E .
xvi 2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
Data Codes CURRENT ACCOUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109999BXN GOODS AND SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Z9999BXN
Total credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Z9999CXN Total debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Z9999DXN GOODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A9999BXN
Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A9999CXN General merchandise: export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1AA000CXN Net exports of goods under merchanting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1AB000BXN Nonmonetary gold: export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1AC000CXN
Debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A9999DXN General merchandise: import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1AA000DXN Nonmonetary gold: import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1AC000DXN
SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B9999BXN Total credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B9999CXN Total debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B9999DXN Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BA000CXN Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BA000DXN Maintenance and repair services n.i.e., credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BB000CXN Maintenance and repair services n.i.e., debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BB000DXN Transport, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC000CXN
Passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC00ZCXN Freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC00YCXN Other (including postal and courier) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC00WCXN
Transport, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC000DXN Passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC00ZDXN Freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC00YDXN Other (including postal and courier) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BC00WDXN
Travel, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BD000CXN Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BD100CXN
Personal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BD130CXN Travel, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BD000DXN
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BD100DXN Personal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BD130DXN
Other services, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B999ZCXN Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BE000CXN Insurance and pension services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BF000CXN Financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BG000CXN Charges for the use of intellectual property n .i .e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BH000CXN Telecommunications, computer, and information services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BJ000CXN Other business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BK000CXN Personal, cultural, and recreational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BL000CXN Government goods and services n .i .e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BM000CXN
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook xvii
Data Codes Other services, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B999ZDXN
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BE000DXN Insurance and pension services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BF000DXN Financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BG000DXN Charges for the use of intellectual property n .i .e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BH000DXN Telecommunications, computer, and information services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BJ000DXN Other business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BK000DXN Personal, cultural, and recreational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BL000DXN Government goods and services n .i .e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1BM000DXN
PRIMARY INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1C9999BXA Total credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1C9999CXA Total debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1C9999DXA Compensation of employees, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CA000CXA Compensation of employees, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CA000DXA Investment income, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB000CXA
Direct investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB100CXA Income on equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB110CXA Dividends and withdrawls from income of quasi-corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB111CXA Reinvested earnings (direct investor in direct investment enterprises) . . . . . . . . 1CB112CXA Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB120CXA
Portfolio investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB200CXA Investment income on equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB210CXA Dividends on equity excluding investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB211CXA Investment income attributable to investment fund shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB212CXA Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB220CXA
Other investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB300CXA Withdrawals from income of quasi-corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB310CXA Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB320CXA Investment income attributable to policyholders in insurance, pension schemes and standardized guarantee schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB330CXA
Income on reserve assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB400CXA Income on equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB410CXA
Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB420CXA Investment income, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB000DXA
Direct investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB100DXA Income on equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB110DXA Dividends and withdrawls from income of quasi-corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB111DXA Reinvested earnings (direct investor in direct investment enterprises) . . . . . . . . 1CB112DXA
Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB120DXA Portfolio investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB200DXA
Investment income on equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB210DXA Dividends on equity excluding investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB211DXA Income attributable to investment fund shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB212DXA
xviii 2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
Data Codes Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB220DXA Other investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB300DXA
Withdrawals from income of quasi-corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB310DXA Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB320DXA Investment income attributable to policyholders in insurance, pension schemes and standardized guarantee schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CB330DXA
Other primary income, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CC000CXA Other primary income, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CC000DXA
SECONDARY INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D9999BAA Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D9999CAA
General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D9999CGA Financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations, households, and NPISHs . . . . . 1D9999COA
Personal transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1DF000COA Other current transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1DG000COA
Debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D9999DAA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1D9999DGA Financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations, households, and NPISHs . . . . . 1D9999DOA
Personal transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1DF000DOA Other current transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1DG000DOA
CAPITAL ACCOUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209999BAA Gross disposals of nonproduced nonfinancial assets, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A000CAA Gross acquisitions of nonproduced nonfinancial assets, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A000DAA Capital transfers, credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A100CAA
General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A100CGA Debt forgiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A110CGA Other capital transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A120CGA
Financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations, households, and NPISHs . . . . . . . 20A100COA Capital transfers, debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A100DAA
General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A100DGA Debt forgiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A110DGA Other capital transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A120DGA
Financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations, households, and NPISHs . . . . . . . 20A100DOA
FINANCIAL ACCOUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30999SNAA DIRECT INVESTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A9999NAA
Net acquisition of financial assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A9999AAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA000AAA
Equity other than reinvestment of earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA100AAA Direct investor in direct investment enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA110AAA Direct investment enterprises in direct investor (reverse investment) . . . . . . . . . 3AA120AAA Between fellow enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA130AAA Reinvested earnings (direct investor in direct investment enterprises) . . . . . . . . . . 3AA200AAA
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook xix
Data Codes
Net incurrence of liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A9999LAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA000LAA
Equity other than reinvestment of earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA100LAA Direct investor in direct investment enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA110LAA Direct investment enterprises in direct investor (reverse investment) . . . . . . . . 3AA120LAA Between fellow enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AA130LAA
Reinvested earnings (direct investor in direct investment enterprises) . . . . . . . . . . 3AA200LAA Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AB000LAA
Direct investor in direct investment enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AB100LAA Direct investment enterprises in direct investor (reverse investment) . . . . . . . . . . 3AB200LAA Between fellow enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3AB300LAA
PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B9999NAA Net acquisition of financial assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B9999AAA
Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000AAA Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000ACA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000ADA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000AGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000AOA of which: Other financial corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000AFA
Debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000AAA Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000ACA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000ADA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000AGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000AOA of which: Other financial corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000AFA
Net incurrence of liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B9999LAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000LAA
Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000LCA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000LDA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000LGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000LOA of which: Other financial corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BA000LFA
Debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000LAA Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000LCA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000LDA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000LGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000LOA of which: Other financial corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3BB000LFA
xx 2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
Data Codes FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES (OTHER THAN RESERVES) and EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS . . . . . . . . 3C9999NAA
Net acquisition of financial assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3C9999AAA Net incurrence of liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3C9999LAA
OTHER INVESTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D999SNAA Net acquisition of financial assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D9999AAA
Other equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DA000AAA Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000AAA
Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000ACA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000ADA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000AGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000AOA of which: Other financial corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DZ000AFA
Net incurrence of liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D999SLAA Other equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DA000LAA Special drawing rights (allocations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DG00SLAA Other debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DY00SLAA
Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DY00SLCA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DY000LDA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DY00SLGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DY000LOA of which: Other financial corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3DY000LFA
RESERVE ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3E999SAAA Monetary gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3EA000AAA Special drawing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3EB00SAAA Reserve position in the IMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3EC00SAAA Other reserve assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3ED000AAA
NET ERRORS AND OMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40999SNAA
2016, International Monetary Fund : Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook xxi
Data Codes
ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80999SAAA Direct investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A9999AAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AA000AAA Direct investor in direct investment enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AA100AAA Direct investment enterprises in direct investor (reverse investment) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AA200AAA Between fellow enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AA300AAA Debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AB000AAA Direct investor in direct investment enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AB100AAA Direct investment enterprises in direct investor (reverse investment) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AB200AAA Between fellow enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AB300AAA Portfolio investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8B9999AAA Equity and investment fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8BA000AAA Central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8BA000ACA Deposit-taking corporations, except the central bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8BA000ADA General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8BA000AGA Other sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

balance of payments statistics - imfsg

Documents