bacon’s rebellion ( 1676 - 1677)
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Bacon’s Rebellion ( 1676 - 1677). Nathaniel Bacon represents former indentured servants. Governor William Berkeley of Jamestown. Bacon’s Rebellion ( 1676 - 1677). Nathaniel Bacon, representa a los antiguos sirvientes. Governor William Berkeley of Jamestown. BACON'S REBELLION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bacon’s Rebellion(1676 - 1677)
Nathaniel Bacon represents
former indentured servants.
GovernorWilliam
Berkeley of Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion(1676 - 1677)
Nathaniel Bacon,
representa a los antiguos
sirvientes.
GovernorWilliam
Berkeley of Jamestown
• Involved former indentured servants• Not accepted in
Jamestown• Disenfranchised and unable to receive their
land• Gov. Berkeley would not defend settlements
from Indian attacks
• Involucrados ex funcionarios contratados
• No se aceptan en Jamestown
• Disenfranchised y no puede recibir su tierra
•El gobernador Berkeley no defendería los asentamientos de
ataques de los indios
• Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for
rebels• Gov. Berkeley refused to meet their conditions and
erupts into a civil war.• Bacon dies, Gov.
Berkeley puts down rebellion and several
rebels are hung
Consequence of Bacon’s Rebellion Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants
with African slaves because it was seen as a better investment in the long term than indentured servitude.
• Nathaniel Bacon, actúa como representante de
los rebeldesEl gobernador Berkeley
negó a cumplir sus condiciones y estalla en
una guerra civil.Tocino muere, el
gobernador Berkeley pone la rebelión y varios
rebeldes se cuelgan
Consequence of Bacon’s Rebellion . Los dueños de plantaciones reemplazados gradualmente
sirvientes con los esclavos africanos, ya que fue visto como una mejor inversión a largo plazo que la servidumbre
By Coach Ketcham
8
In most of the French colonies, the tendency was for the settlers to merge their culture with the Indians. In this drawing, white settlers and Indians relaxed together at Vincennes, a French
settlement established in the 1720s in what would be later known as the state of Indiana.
Life in the French Colonies
9
En la mayor parte de las colonias francesas, la tendencia era que los colonos para combinar su cultura con los indios. En este dibujo, los colonos blancos y los indios se relajaron junto al Vincennes, una colonia francesa establecida en la década de 1720, en lo que sería más tarde conocido como el estado de
Indiana.
Life in the French Colonies
10
New France was more than double the size of British Colonies, yet much less
populated British more interested in bringing settlers
in from the mother country, French more interested in making Native Americans French citizens. They tended to treat Indians as equals and intermarried.
French more interested in exploiting new lands economically
French tended to develop stronger alliances with Indians
Differences between French and British colonies
11
Nueva Francia fue más del doble del tamaño de las colonias británicas, sin embargo, mucho menos poblada
Británica más interesados en traer colonos de la metrópoli francesa, más interesados en la toma de los nativos americanos a los ciudadanos franceses. Ellos tienden a tratar a los indios como iguales y se casaron.
Francés más interesados en la explotación de nuevas tierras económicamente
Francés tiende a desarrollar alianzas más fuertes con los indios
Differences between French and British colonies
12
Disputed land claims in Western Pennsylvania in 1754 brought two of the greatest world
powers to a conflict that spread in both the New World and in Europe.
The French and Indian War 1754-1763
13
Las reivindicaciones de tierras en disputa en el oeste de Pennsylvania en 1754 trajo dos de
las mayores potencias del mundo a un conflicto que se extendió tanto en el Nuevo
Mundo y en Europa.
The French and Indian War 1754-1763
• Great Britain and the Iroquois
Alliance - a formal agreement by two or more nations to act together in a cause
French and Indian War: Alliances
• France, Spain (1762),
Algonquins, and Hurons
versus
• Great Britain and the Iroquois
Alliance - un acuerdo formal entre dos o más naciones a actuar juntos en una causa
French and Indian War: Alliances
• France, Spain (1762),
Algonquins, and Hurons
versus
• Conflicting claims over vast territories
• Control over St. Lawrence,Great Lakes, Mississippiand Gulf waterways.
• Religious differences – French Catholics vs. British and Protestants
• Control over lucrativebeaver trade
• Grand Banks fishing rights• Seething tension from prior wars
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• Afirmaciones contradictorias? Más vastos territorios-El control sobre St. Lawrence,? Grandes Lagos, el Mississippi? Y cursos de agua del Golfo.-Las diferencias religiosas -? Católicos franceses contra británicos y protestantes?-El control de la lucrativa? Comercio castor-Grandes Bancos derechos de pesca-Tensión hirviente de las guerras anteriores
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Territorial Claims
• French explorers sent to make claims
• French expeditionssent to remove English settlers and build forts
• Forts becamekey focal pointsduring the conflict
Territorial Claims
• Exploradores francés? Enviado a hacer afirmaciones-Expediciones francesas? Enviados para eliminar? Colonos ingleses y construir fortalezas?-Fuertes se convirtieron? Puntos focales clave? Durante el conflicto
Native American Involvement
• Did not form large alliances• Fought amongst themselves• American colonists great
threat• Treaty conflicts• French allies: Algonquin,
Lenape, Wyandot, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee
• British ally: Iroquois Confederacy
Native American Involvement
• No formar grandes alianzasLuchado entre ellos-Colonos americanos genial
• Amenazaconflictos Tratado-Aliados franceses: Algonquin, Lenape, Wyandot, Ojibwa, Ottawa, ShawneeBritánico aliado: Confederación Iroquois
Commercial Interests: Beavers
• Beaver pelts sold in Europe at 20 timesNew World cost
• Large tradingcompanies madefortunes
• French and English tried unsuccessfully to control the trade
• English trade goods preferred by Native Americans
Commercial Interests: Beavers
• Pieles de castor venden en? Europa en 20 veces? Nuevo coste Mundial
• Las grandes empresas comerciales? Fortunas hechas?• Francés e Inglés? Intentaron sin éxito? Para controlar el
comercio• Productos de comercio inglés? Preferidos por los nativos
americanos?
Commercial Interests: Fishing
• Grand Banks one of best fishing spots • Located off the coast
of Newfoundland near New France
• Fished since thearrival of the Portuguese in the 15th Century
Commercial Interests: Fishing
• Grand Banks, uno de los mejores lugares de pesca-Situado frente a la costa De Terranova Cerca de Nueva Francia-Pesca desde el Llegada del Portuguesa en? El siglo 15
Tensions from Past Wars
Year North American War European War Result
1689 – 1697King William's War1st Intercolonial War (in Quebec)
War of the Grand AllianceWar of the League of Augsburg
Treaty of Ryswick (1697)
1702 – 1713Queen Anne's War2nd Intercolonial War
War of the Spanish Succession (1701 – 1714)
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
1744 – 1748King George's War3rd Intercolonial War
War of the Austrian SuccessionWar of Jenkins' Ear (1740 – 1748)
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
1754 – 1763French and Indian War4th Intercolonial War
Seven Years' War (1756 – 1763)
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Tensions from Past Wars
Year North American War European War Result
1689 – 1697King William's War1st Intercolonial War (in Quebec)
War of the Grand AllianceWar of the League of Augsburg
Treaty of Ryswick (1697)
1702 – 1713Queen Anne's War2nd Intercolonial War
War of the Spanish Succession (1701 – 1714)
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
1744 – 1748King George's War3rd Intercolonial War
War of the Austrian SuccessionWar of Jenkins' Ear (1740 – 1748)
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
1754 – 1763French and Indian War4th Intercolonial War
Seven Years' War (1756 – 1763)
Treaty of Paris (1763)
What was Life Like in 1750?• Life expectancy: 30 in South, 40 in North
– Cholera, Small Pox, Yellow Fever, and Malaria killed thousands(mostly children)
• 500,000 slaves worked on plantations in the South
• Medical treatmentnon-existent,primitive
What was Life Like in 1750?• Esperanza de vida: 30 en el sur, 40 en el norte
de-El cólera, la viruela, la fiebre amarilla y la malaria Miles de muertos (La mayoría niños)-500.000 esclavos trabajaron en Plantaciones en el Sur-El tratamiento médico Inexistente, Primitiva
The Combatants: Regulars
• Cavalry and cannon often attached to regular regiments
• British - best regular army • Lead by career
officers • Beat militia on
open battlefields• Britain fielded
20,000 regulars, France around6,000
• Temporary soldierswho formed a reserve
• Normally used in a defensive roll inside their home territories
• Drafted, paid, and under command of states
• 35,000 participated• Officers elected or
politically appointed by states
The Combatants: Militias
GeorgeWashingtona British-trained Militia Officer
The Combatants: Irregulars
• Specialized in ambush and sniping • Independent, loyal only to their leaders • Tough fighters• Used as scouts• Roger’s Rangers and
Native Americans best examples
34
35
Duquesne (modern day Pittsburgh) was located at the
convergence of three major rivers, the Ohio, the Allegheny,
and the Monongahela. Long seen by both the French
and British as the key to the rich farmlands and settlement
opportunities in the Ohio River Valley, both France and England
laid claim to the area. When the British found that the
fort had been built, a young officer by the name of George Washington was dispatched to
warn the French to get out of the area.
Duquesne was claimed by the French and the British
36
George Washington, a 22 year old militia officer, was sent by the British to deliver the ultimatum to the
French. Washington constructed an outpost approximately 60 miles from Duquesne called “Fort
Necessity”
Fort Necessity
37
Attack at Jumonville Glen
"I fortunately escaped without any wound, for the right wing, where I stood, was exposed to
and received all the enemy's fire, and it was the part where the man was killed, and the rest wounded. I heard the bullets
whistle, and, believe me there is something charming in the
sound." --George Washington
The first skirmish between the French and Washington’s men took place not far from the fort. Washington and Indian allies attacked a French position at a location known as Jumonville Glen. Within a few minutes, 10 Frenchmen were killed and 21 wounded. A few days later the French retaliated against Washington’s position, and Washington surrendered Fort Necessity. Washington became embroiled in controversy because the surrender document written by an interpreter incorrectly deemed the French diplomats instead of combatants, making Washington a murderer.
The Battles continued…
• Battle of the Great Meadows – July 3, 1754 – Known as the Battle of Fort Necessity– Washington constructs a weak fort near
French Fort Duquesne– Tanaghrisson and his Native Americans
abandon Washington – Captain de Villiers leads 700 to defeat
Washington's 300 in a short siege
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The next year in 1755, British General Edward Braddock was ordered to attack the French stronghold at Fort Duquesne. Assigned as his aide was George Washington. Braddock and his 1500 men were confident they could take the fort, but they were ambushed outside the gates by French soldiers and their Native American allies. During the battle, Braddock and his staff were killed with the exception of Washington. The British defeat at Fort Duquesne was only the first of many losses suffered during the period of 1755-1756.
British attack on Fort Duquesne
40
The French were initially victorious over the British
military. However this changed dramatically when King George III
picked new leaders to run the British government.William Pitt, as prime
minister, put together a massive army of 50,000 men to fight the French,
but had to borrow a large amount of money to do so.
Prime Minister William Pitt
41
Battle of Quebec
Wolfe (British)
Montcalm (French)
The commanders
42
The battle was fought outside the city of Quebec on the “Plains of Abraham”
Wolfe had 4800 men under his command, Montcalm, 4000
Wolfe’s men scaled cliffs protecting the city and surprised Montcalm. Montcalm could have
evacuated the city, but elected instead to fight Wolfe’s men
British losses in the battle were 58 killed, 600 wounded
French losses were 644 men killed or wounded Both Wolfe and Montcalm were killed in the
battle Battle ended in a decisive British victory
The Battle of Quebec
43
The British victory caused the French to surrender
Benjamin West painted this portrait of the death of Wolfe
44
Ended the French and Indian War France ceded Canada and all land claims east of the Mississippi River to England France kept the island colony of Guadeloupe Spain received Louisiana and New Orleans from the French, Cuba was restored to Spain Spain temporarily ceded Florida to the British
Treaty of Paris 1763
45
France lost most of its overseas empire The size of British holdings in North America doubled with the acquisition of Canada and territory to the Mississippi River The British treasury went deep into debt to pay expenses for the war. Eventually they tried to pay for much of the expense of the war by taxing the Thirteen Colonies, which led to the American Revolution The French sought ways to maintain the “balance of power” in Europe by undermining Britain’s power whenever possible. This led them later to support the colonists in the American Revolution While the British saw their empire grow substantially, they also found that it became increasingly difficult to manage such a large territorial area Britain became the dominant world power at that time
Impact of the war
46
Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763-1766
Various Indian tribes, concerned with the number of British soldiers entering
the Ohio River valley region, united behind Ottawa Chief
Pontiac in an attempt to reclaim lands for Native
Americans.Indians were successful in
capturing eight British forts, but were weakened when British officers gave them
smallpox-infected blankets during peace negotiations.
They eventually entered into treaties with the British, and gave up control of the lands
they’d taken.
47
Faced with a difficult task of guarding an expansive
empire in the New World, King George III issued the
Proclamation of 1763, which restricted settlement to the east of a line drawn at the Appalachian Mountains.The Proclamation also
sought to stop the exploitative sale of Indian
land. The purpose of the
Proclamation was to forestall further frontier warfare after Pontiac’s
Rebellion.
Proclamation of 1763
Albany Plan of Union
• The Albany Plan of Union, proposed by Benjamin Franklin and Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson, called for colonial unity in the face of the coming war with France.
• None of the colonies approved the plan out of fear of losing power.
• The Albany Plan of Union called for a Grand Council with representatives from each colony.
• The Grand Council would:- make laws- raise taxes- defend the colonies
* The Albany Plan of Union set an example that would later be followed by such gatherings as the First and Second Continental Congress.
• The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763, ending the war.
• Spain gave up Florida to Britain.
French and Indian War: Effects
The Treaty of Paris
• Britain gained Canada and all of the French land east of the Mississippi River.
• Spain gained all of the French land west of the Mississippi River.
Prior to the French and Indian War After the French and Indian War
The Battles continued…
• Braddock's Campaign – Begins May 29, 1755– Braddock tries to capture Fort Duquesne – Benjamin Franklin provides
logistics help– George Washington acts as
Aide-de-Camp to Braddock– Thomas Gage participates
• Later Governor of Montreal and leader of British in 1776
The Battles Interlude: Musket
• Inefficient precursor to modern rifle • Bayonet equipped to repel cavalry
– Fired a heavy ¾ inch diameter lead ball only accurate at under 100 yards
– Muzzle loading limited its rate of fire to 2 to 3 shots per minute
– Cumbersome, heavy and unreliable, especially in rain
• Soldiers fired in unison at short range, usually 40 yards or less
Aftermath of War
• England now largestcolonial empire in the world
• The Colonists are independence minded under British rule
• North America most prosperous area on earth
• The French still continue to inhabit areas around Quebec and Montreal
Casualties and Cost of the War
• Britain raised taxes which led to Revolution in 1776
• Pensions paid to war widows and disabled until late 1880s
• War refugees frequently died from exposure
Albany Plan of Union
• The Albany Plan of Union, proposed by Benjamin Franklin and Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson, called for colonial unity in the face of the coming war with France.
• None of the colonies approved the plan out of fear of losing power.
• The Albany Plan of Union called for a Grand Council with representatives from each colony.
• The Grand Council would:- make laws- raise taxes- defend the colonies
* The Albany Plan of Union set an example that would later be followed by such gatherings as the First and Second Continental Congress.
The French and Indian
War
Cause Effect
England and France break off diplomatic
relations.
England goes into debt.
England wins the war.
England and France fight over ownership
of land in North America.
England forces colonists to pay
taxes.
France and Native Americans become
allies.
France gives up rights to land in North America.