b. tech. m.tech. biotechnology (dual degree) semester ix
TRANSCRIPT
B. TECH. M.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY (DUAL DEGREE)
SEMESTER IX
S.
No.
UG/
PG
Subject
code
Subject Periods Evaluation Scheme Subject
Total Theory L T P CT TA Total ESE
1 PG MTBT
301
Bioinformatics, Genomics &
Proteomics
3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150
2
PG
MTBT
302
Elective One
MTBT302A:Immunotechnology
MTBT 302B: Animal
Biotechnology
MTBT 302C: Programming
Languages:Java & Perl
MTBT 302D: IPR, Bioethics &
Environmental Biotechnology
MTBT 302E: Medical
Biotechnology
MTBT 302F: Bioreactor
Engineering
MTBT 302G: Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology
MTBT 302 H: Biosensor Design
and Applications
3
1
0
30
20
50
100
150
3 PG MTBT Elective Two
303 MTBT 303A: Secondary
metabolism in plants &
microbes
MTBT 303B: Biostatistics &
Biomathematics
MTBT 303C: Food Technology
MTBT 303D: Plant Cell
Technology
MTBT303E:Nanobiotechnology
MTBT 303F: Research and
research Methodology in
Biotechnology
MTBT 303G: Bio-Business
MTBT 303H: Environmental
Engineering and Bio-Waste
Management
3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150
4 PG
MTBT
101
Biochemistry & Biophysical
techniques
3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150
5 PG MTBT
104
Cell and Molecular Biology
3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150
6 PG MTBT
203 Genetic Engineering 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150
7 PG MTBT
205
Fermentation Technology and
Genetic Engineering Lab 0 0 6 30 20 50 100 150
8 PG GP-901 General Proficiency 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 50
Total
21 7 0 210 140 400 700 1100
B. TECH. M.TECH
BIOTECHNOLOGY
(DUAL DEGREE)
SEMESTER – IX
BIOINFORMATICS, GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS
MTBT 301 L T P
3 1 0
Unit I
[8] Database Similarity Searches: BLAST, FASTA, PSI-BLAST
algorithms; Pair wise sequence alignment: NEEDLEMAN and Wunsch;
Smith Waterman algorithms; Multiple sequence alignments: CLUSTAL,
PRAS; Patterns, motifs and Profiles in sequences: Derivation and searching;
Derived Databases of patterns; Motifs and profiles: Parasite, Blocks, Prints-
S, Pam, etc.
Unit II
[8]
DNA sequencing: Sanger’s, Maxam Gilbert; Large scale genome sequencing
strategies: Shot gun sequencing, Clone contig approach, Chromosome
walking; Genome assembly and annotation; Brief overview of Human
Genome Project (HGP) and Rice Genome Project; Introduction to nucleic
acid sequence data banks, Genbank; EMBL nucleotide sequence data bank;
Gene networks; Basic principles of DNA microarray; Expressed sequence
tags (EST); Subtractive hybridization.
Unit III
[8]
Structural genomics (SG): Basic principles, approaches for target selection.
Functional genomics: application of sequence based and structure-based
approaches to assignment of gene functions, e.g. sequence comparison,
structure analysis (especially active sites, binding sites) and comparison,
pattern identification, etc.; Use of various derived databases in function
assignment.
Unit IV
[8]
Proteomics: an introduction; Study of transcriptome and proteome; Protein-
protein interactions: databases such as DIP, PPI server and tools for analysis
of protein protein interactions. Protein arrays: basic principles;
bioinformatics-based tools for analysis of proteomics data (Tools available
at ExPASy Proteomics server); databases (such as InterPro) and analysis
tools; Introduction to Protein Sequence Data Banks: Protein sequence data
banks: NBRF-PIR, SWISSPROT; Signal peptide data bank.
Unit V
[8]
Drug Designing, identification of disease genes, OMIM database, reference
genome sequence, integrated genomic maps, gene expression profiling;
identification of SNPs, SNPs databases (DbSNP); Metabolic pathways:
databases such as KEGG, EMP; Primer Designing; Homology Modeling;
Promoter and regulatory regions scanning; Splice site Prediction;
Phylogenetic analysis; Determination of Secondary & Tertiary of proteins.
Books Suggested:
1. O’Reilly, “Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills”.
2. Griffiths JF, “An Introduction to Generic Analysis”.
3. Hunter L, “Artificial Intelligence & Molecular Biology”.
4. Baxevanis AD, “Bioinformatics: A practical Guide to the analysis of
genes and proteins”.
5. Stephen A., David K, Womble D, “Introduction to Bioinformatics: A
Theoretical and Practical Approach”.
6. Brown TA, “Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis”.
ELECTIVES I
IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY MTBT 302A
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Drugs: Antimetabolites, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents; Cytokines: Cytokines regulating immune inflammation: interleukin-4, interleukin-20, interleukin-12; The interferons:Basic biology and therapeutic potential
Unit II [8] Antibodies and antibody based therapy: Production of Polyclonal antibodies with different types of antigens : antigen preparation and modification, adjuvant, dose and route of antigen administration, collection of sera, purification of antibodies; Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor, targeting the IL2 receptor with antibodies or chimeric toxins, monoclonal antibodies to CD3 Unit III [8] Hybridoma techniques and monoclonal antibody production - myeloma cell lines - fusion of myeloma cells with antibody producing B-cells-fusion methods - selection and screening methods for positive hybrids - cloning methods - production, purification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. Application of monoclonals in biomedical research, in clinical diagnosis and treatment; Production of human monoclonal antibodies and their applications. Unit IV [8] Immunotherapy for allergic diseases: Specific and nonspecific immunotherapy for Asthma and allergic diseases, insect stings etc.; Cellular therapy, Drug therapy in HIV: Tumor Immunology, AIDS and other Immunodeficiencies; Vaccine and peptide therapy, newer methods of vaccine preparation, sub-unit vaccines, immuno-diagnosis of infectious diseases Unit V [8] Transplantation: Renal, pancreas, cardiac, lung, liver, xenotransplantation. Immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases. Books Suggested:
1. Roitt IM, "Essential Immunology", Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, London.
2. Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK, "Immunology", Glower Medical Publishing, London.
3. "Immunology Today". 4. “Current topics in Microbiology & Immunology”.
5. Coleman, R.M, “Fundamental Immunology”.
6. Richard A, Goldsby TJ, Kuby KJ, Osborne BA, “Immunology”.
7. Parkham P, Parham P, “The Immune System”.
8. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Abbas AK, Pober JS, “Cellular & Molecular Immunology”.
9. Janeway CA., Paul T, Mark W, Mark S, “Immunobiology”
10. Austen K Frank, Burakoff SJ, Rosen Fred, Strom Terry B “Therapeutic Immunology”, Blackwell Science.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
MTBT 302B
(Revised)
L T P
3 1 0
Unit I [8]
Animal Biotechnology and its scope, Principles of sterile techniques and cell
propagation, Cell culture media: Physicochemical Properties, Balanced Salt
Solutions Chemically defined and Serum free media. Disadvantages of Serum,
Advantages of Serum-Free media. Culture Environment, Cell Adhesion, Cell
Proliferation, Differentiation. Types of culture system: monolayer culture,
Roller bottle, fermenter system, Suspension culture, static suspension culture
agar culture and agitated micro carrier suspension culture, hollow fiber systems,
Scaling up factors. Strategies of medium optimization, Organotypic cultures,
Animal Tissue Engineering, Bioartificial Organs of the Future and
Pharmacogenomics.
Unit II [8]
Primary Culture: Isolation of Tissue, isolation of cells from explants by
enzymatic disagregation, mechanical disagregation, EDTA treatment. Steps
involved in primary cell culture, organ culture. Nomenclature, Immortalization
of cell lines, Cell line designations, Routine maintenance. Permanent cell lines:
cell line characterization: Need for characterization, Morphology, Chromosome
Analysis, DNA Content, RNA and Protein, Enzyme Activity, Antigenic
Markers, Transformation, Immortalization, Aberrant Growth Control,
Tumorigenicity, Cell counting, Rates of Synthesis, Cell Proliferation, Plating
Efficiency, Labeling Index, Generation Time. Measurement of cell growth and
viability, cell synchronization, cell transformation, maintenance of cell culture
through sub-culturing and cloning, cryo-preservation, application of cell
cultures.Types of microbial contamination and Tests for detection of microbial
contamination: Source of contamination, Monitoring, Eradication of
Contamination, Cross-Contamination.
Unit III [8]
Mammalian cell lines: Mammalian cell expression system, gene transfer
techniques in Mammalian cells, Marker assisted selection,Genetic disorders,
Application of Animal cell lines, Stem cell culture: principles for identification,
purifications, assessment of proliferation heterogeneity, long-term maintenance
and characterization, Embryonic and adult stem cells and their applications.
Genetically modified stem cells in gene therapy, Markers for stem cell
identification, characterization of differentiated cell types, Applications of stem
cells. Live vaccines, killed vaccines, Subunit vaccines, Recombinant vaccines,
DNA vaccines. T cell cloning, Application of T cell cloning in vaccine
development.
Unit IV [8]
Transgenic Animals: Animal virus vectors; Shuttle vectors. Cloning in
mammalian cells, Integration of DNA into mammalian genome, Methods of
transformation: (Microinjection, Electroporation, Microprojectile
bombardment, Liposomal packaging), case study on mice, Transgenic fish;
Animal as bioreactors, problems after developing transgenic animals.
Applications of transgenic animals.
Oocyte culture: Artificial fertilization by means of micro insemination, PZD,
ICSI, SUZI, MESA, Super ovulation; Embryo Transfer, In vitro-fertilization;
Pregnancy diagnosis; Sexing of embryos; Embryo splitting; -Cryopreservation
of embryo, somatic cell nuclear transfer. Overview-livestock breed and their
productivity, artificial breeding-methods and hazards, Gene banking,
conservation and exchange in India.
Unit V [8]
Gene Therapy: Ex-vivo gene therapy, In vivo gene therapy, Viral gene delivery
system, Retrovirus vector system, Adenovirus vector system, Adeno-Associated
virus vector system, Non-viral gene delivery system, Prodrug activation
therapy, Nucleic acid therapeutic agents. Protein production by genetically
engineered mammalian cell lines, Manipulation of Growth hormone:
somatotropic hormone, Thyroid horomone; Probiotics as growth promoters,
Ideal characteristics probiotics, uses of probiotics.
Books Suggested:
1. Brown TA “Gene cloning: An introduction”
2. Old & Primrose “Principles of Gene Manipulation”
3. Debra Davis “Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns”
4. Anthony Atala, Robert P. Lanza “Methods of Tissue Engineering”
5. Nigel Jenkins “Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols”
6. Carl Pinkert “Transgenic Animal Technology: A Laboratory
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: Perl and JAVA MTBT 302C
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] JAVA: An introduction to JAVA programming, Object-oriented programming and JAVA. JAVA Basics. Working with objects, Arrays, Conditionals and Loops. Creating Classes and Applications in JAVA. More about methods, JAVA Applets Basics, Graphics, Fonts and Color, Simple Animation and Threads
Unit II [8] Advanced Animation, Images and Sound. Managing Simple Events and Interactivity. Creating User Interfaces with AWT. Windows, Networking and other Tidbits. Modifiers, Access Control and Class Design. Packages and Interfaces. Exception. Multithreading. Streams and I/O. Using Native Methods and Libraries. Under the Hood. Java Programming Tools. Working with Data Structures and Java. Image Filters.
Unit III [8] Perl: Introduction: What is PERL? Why use PERL in Bioinformatics? History of PERL, Availability, Support, Basic Concepts. Scalar Data: What Is Scalar Data?, Numbers, Strings, Scalar Operators, Scalar Variables, Scalar Operators and Functions. Arrays and List Data: What Is a List or Array? Literal Representation, Variables, Array Operators and Functions, Scalar and List Context; Control Structures: Statement Blocks. Hashes: What Is a Hash? Hash Variables, Literal Representation of a Hash, Hash Functions, Hash Slices; Basic I/O. Regular Expressions: Concepts About Regular Expressions, Simple Uses of Regular Expressions, Patterns, More on the Matching Operator, Substitutions, The split and join Functions. Subroutines: System and User Functions, The local Operator, Variable-length Parameter Lists, Notes on Lexical Variables. Unit IV [8] Miscellaneous Control Structures: Filehandles and File Tests: What Is a
Filehandle? Opening and Closing a Filehandle, Using Pathnames and Filenames, A Slight Diversion: die, Using Filehandles, The -x File Tests, The stat Function. Formats: What Is a Format? Defining a Format, Invoking a Format. Directory Access: Moving Around the Directory Tree, Globbing, Directory Handles, Opening and Closing a Directory Handle, Reading a Directory Handle. File and Directory Manipulation. Process Management: Using system and exec, Using Backquotes. Other Data Transformation: Finding a Substring, Extracting and Replacing a Substring. Formatting Data: Sorting, Transliteration System Information: Getting User and Machine Information, Packing and Unpacking Binary Data, Getting Network Information. Unit V [8] Database Manipulation: DBM Databases and DBM Hashes, Opening and Closing DBM Hashes, Fixed-Length Random-Access Databases, Variable-Length (Text) Databases, Win32 Database Interfaces. CGI Programming: The CGI.pm Module, Your CGI Program in Context, Simplest CGI Program, Passing Parameters via CGI, Perl and the Web. Object oriented perl: Introduction to modules, Creating Objects BIOPERL: Introduction, Installation procedures, Architecture, Uses of bioperl. Books Suggested:
1. James Tisdall; Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics (O’Reilly & Associates, 2001)
2. James Tisdall; Matering Perl for Bioinformatics (O’Reilly & Associates, 2003)
3. Rex A. Dawyer; Genomic Perl (Cambridge University Press).
IPR, BIOETHICS & ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY MTBT 302D
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] IPR & Bioethics: Why IPR is necessary, Various forms of IPR, TRIPS and IPR, IPR- National and International scenario, Issues related to IPR protection of software and database, IPR protection of life forms; Necessity of bioethics, Origin and Evolution of ethics into bioethics, Different paradigms of bioethics- National and International Unit II [8] Microbiological quality of food and water, Treatment of municipal waste; Degradation of pesticides and other toxic chemicals by micro-organisms; Thuringiensis toxin as a natural pesticide; Biological control of other insects swarming the agricultural fields; Enrichment of ores by micro-organisms; Biofertilizers, Nitrogen fixing micro-organisms enrich the soil with assimilable nitrogen. Unit III [8] Solid wastes-Sources, nature and characteristics, Quantities and qualities, Rates of generation and factors affecting them, Potential of diseases, nuisances and other problems due to solid wastes, Changing nature of solid wastes and its impact on solid waste management, Solid wastes management- Generation, on-site storage, collection, separation, processing and disposal On-site storage methods-containers, their type, size and location, Collection systems-Vehicles, routing, route balancing and transfer stations, Processing methods, recovery and reuse of materials and energy, Disposal methods such as sanitary landfill biological digestion etc.; Industrial and Hazardous solid waste management, Urban solid waste management and its modeling. Unit IV [8] Bioleaching; Bioremediation; Biodegradable plastics; Biofuels / Biodiesel; Vermitechnology. Unit V [8]
Pollution of air, water and soil and its control; Radiation hazards. Books Suggested:
1. "Waste water Engineering Treatment and Disposal and Reuse" by
Metcalf & Eddy. 2. "Water Pollution Management Hand Book" by Lepathak. 3. "Waste Water Management" by Arceivala. 4. "Environmental Biotechnology" by C. F. Forster and D. A. J. Wase. 5. "New Processes of Waste water treatment and recovery" by G. Mattock
(ED) Ellis Horwood. 6. "Biochemical Engineering fundamentals" 2nd ed. by J E Bailey and D F
Ollis , McGraw - Hill 7. "Environmental Biotechnology" by Jogdand.
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY MTBT 302E
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Clinical conditions and diagnosis; Clinical conditions of various syndromes associated with major organs - General, systemic and specific syndromes. Diagnosis of diseases Clinical diagnosis - pattern of disease, indication of disease for microbial etiology Laboratory diagnosis - haematology, biochemistry, microbiology, serology, radiology and other special methods. Microbial spoilage and preservation of pharmaceutical products. Spoilage - types - physical, chemical, nutritional factors and assessment of spoilage - Preservation - physical, chemical and antimicrobial means - Evaluation of microbial stability of formulations. Unit II [8] Prevention and treatment of human diseases Avoiding exposure to pathogen
Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents - drug resistance and antibiotic policy
Using body’s immune responses Alternative systems - Chinese, European and
Indian (Siddha, Ayurveda, Naturopathy, etc.) Epidemiology and control of
community infection Definitions – principles – spread - outbreaks of infection
– analysis - investigation and control of outbreak. Nosocomial infection
Factors that influence hospital infection, hospital pathogens, route of
transmission, investigation, prevention and control.
Unit III [8] Pathogen, pathogenesis, clinical condition, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, chemotherapy and prevention of the following diseases based on various portals of entry Via respiratory tract Viral - common cold, influenza, measles, mumps, chicken pox, infectious mononucleosis Bacterial - pneumonia, bronchitis, rheumatic fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, meningitis Fungal-histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis. Via gastrointestinal tract Viral - gastroenteritis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis Bacterial - botulism, food poisoning, gastro - enterocolitis, typhoid, cholera, appendicitis Fungal - food poisoning Algal - food poisoning Protozoan - Amoebic dysentery, giardiasis Via urinogenital tract Viral – AIDS Bacterial - urinary tract
infection, female genital tract infection Sexually transmitted diseases - gonorrhea, syphilis, non-gonococcal urethritis, genital warts, genital herpes, AIDS. Unit IV [8] Gene therapy; Chemotherapy and radiotherapy of tumors; Stem cell therapy: Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: Classification and manifestations Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: A plastic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: Myleo dysplastic, Myleo proliplastic; Clinical applications of Colony Stems; Clinical uses of ribozymes; Vaccination; Complications of Germs therapy Replacement Therapy and Marrow Transplantation. Immunological principles, Preservation and Clinical use of blood and blood components, hemapheresis procedures and varies to oxyplantation. Unit V [8] Electrical impedence cephalography; Biotelemetry; Biosignal analyzer, CT scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging assisting the heart and kidney; EEB; ECG; Biosystem modeling; Ultrasonography in diagnosis. Books Suggested: 1. Chaechter M. Medoff G. and Eisenstein BC. Mechanism of Microbial
Diseases, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 2. Collee, JG. Duguid J P., Fraser AG., Marimon BP. Mackie and Mc
Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology, 13th Edition. Churchill Livingstone.
3. David Greenwood, Richard CD, Slack, John Forrest Peutherer. Medical Microbiology. ELBS with Churchill Livingstone.
4. Hugo WB and Russell AD. Pharmaceutical Microbiology Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
5. Joan Stokes E, Ridgway GL and Wren MWD. Clinical Microbiology. Edward Arnold. A division of Hodder and Stoughton.
6. Ronald M. Atlas. Microbiology. Fundamentals and Applications. Maxwell Macmillan international editions
7. Topley & Wilsons, Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity, Bacterial Diseases, Edward Arnold, London.
BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING
MTBT 302F
L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I Introduction; General design information; Design considerations for maintaining sterility of process streams and process equipments; piping and instrumentation; materials of construction for bioprocess plants. Flow injection analysis for measurement of substrates, product and other metabolites; State and parameter estimation techniques for biochemical processes. [8] UNIT II Bioreactors for submerged liquid fermentation of microbial cells in: batch reactors - Calculation of batch time, Non-ideality; in semi-continuous reactors; in continuous reactors – PFTR, CSTR; and Combination of reactors. [8] UNIT III Design and analysis of Packed Bed Bioreactor, Airlift Bioreactor, Hollow Fiber
Bioreactor, Plant Cell Bioreactor, Mammalian Cell Bioreactor and bioreactors
for solid state fermentation. [8]
UNIT IV Residence Time Theory; Residence Time Models: Ideal Reactors and Reactor
Combinations, Hydrodynamic Models; Drawbacks of Classical RTD
measurements; Transient behavior in bioreactor. [8]
UNIT V Capital Cost Estimating: Components Of Capital Cost, Working Capital; Estimating Purchased Equipment Costs; Estimating Installed Costs. [8] Books Suggested:
1. Panda, Tapobrata. Bioreactors: Analysis and Design. Tata McGraw Hill,
2011.
2. Moser, Anton, Bioprocess Technology: Kinetics and Reactors. Springer
Verlag, 1988.
3. Bailey J.E. & Ollis, D.F. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd
ed., McGraw Hill, 1986
4. Lee, James M. Biochemical Engineering, PHI, USA.
5. Atkinson, Handbook of Bioreactors, Blanch, H.W. Clark, D.S.
Biochemical Engineering, Marcel Decker, 1999.
6. Max S. Peters and Klaus, D. Timmerhaus, Plant Design and Economics
for Chemical Engineers, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1991.
7. M. V. Joshi and V.V. Mahajani, Process Equipment Design, 3rd Edition,
Macmillan India Ltd., 2000.
8. Michael R. Ladisch, Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice and
Economics.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
MTBT 302G L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I
[8]
INTRODUCTION: Pharmaceutical industry & development of drugs ;
types of therapeutic agents and their uses; economics and regulatory aspects
.
UNIT II
[8]
DRUG ACTION, METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS:
Mechanism of drug action; physico-chemical principles of drug
metabolism;radioactivity; pharmacokinetics.
UNIT III
[8]
CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS: Chemotherapy for bacterial, fungal, viral
infections, drugs acting on protozoal infection,malarial infection and
helminth parasites. Cancer chemotherapy, Drug interactions.
UNIT IV
[8]
PRINCIPLES OF DRUG MANUFACTURE: Compressed tablets; dry
and wet granulation; slugging or direct compression; tablet presses; coating
of tablets; capsule preparation; oral liquids – vegetable drugs – topical
applications; preservation of drugs; analytical methods and other tests used
in drug manufacture; packaging techniques; quality management; GMP.
UNIT V
[8]
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS: Various categories of therapeutics like
vitamins, laxatives, analgesics, contraceptives,hormones and biologicals.
Books Suggested:
1. Gareth Thomas. Medicinal Chemistry. An introduction. John Wiley. 2000.
2. Katzung B.G. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Prentice Hall of Intl.
1995.
BIOSENSORS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
MTBT 302 H L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I [8]
Overview of biosensors, History, concepts and applications.
Bioinstrumentation and bio-electronic devices, Fundamental elements of
biosensor devices and designs. Molecular recognition: Enzymes, Antibodies
and DNA. Modification of bio-recognition molecules for selectivity and
sensitivity. Kinetics and thermodynamics of bio-recognition reactions.
Applications of Biosensor-based instruments to the bioprocess industry.
Target analysis, various recognition, signals, and device types.
UNIT II [8]
Considerations, calibration, dynamic Range, signal to noise, sensitivity,
selectivity, interference. Fundamentals of surfaces and interfaces,
Electrochemistry for biosensors, Principles of potentiometry and
potentiometric biosensors; amperometry and amperometric biosensors;
Voltammetry: principles and techniques; Bio-electrochemistry and direct
biosensors, Electrical and Electrochemical Impedance: Principles and
Applications. Conductimetric and Impedimetric Biosensors.
UNIT III [8]
Enzyme sensors, affinity sensors: antibodies, oligo-nucleotides, measuring
binding in affinity sensors, SPR, quartz crystal microbalance, FRET,
Membrane protein sensors: ion channels, receptors, whole cell sensors –
bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, non-biological and bio-
mimicry:molecularly imprinted polymers, non-biological organic molecules,
electro-chemiluminescence, pH sensors, artificial receptors.
UNIT IV [8]
Immobilization: adsorption, encapsulation - (hydro-gel, sol-gel glass, etc.),
covalent attachment, diffusion issues Optical Biosensor, Microlithography
for biosensors, FETS and Bio-FETS, MEMS and Bio-MEMS. Lab-on-a-
chip: TAS and m-TAS devices, Sensors based on Fiber Optic, Surface
Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors.
UNIT V [8]
Applications of biosensors in Agriculture, food safety, food processing: state
of the field, market potential, unique design criteria and needs. Biomedical
sensors: Microfabricated Sensors and the Commercial Development Of the
i-Stat Point-Of-Care system, Noninvasive Biosensors in Clinical Analysis.
Applications of Biosensor-based instruments; Blood chemistry sensors,
sensors for Genetic testing, Physical sensors. Applications of biosensors in
Bio-security, environmental : state of the field, market potential, unique
design criteria and needs, current sensors in use.
Books Suggested:
1. L.Canter “Environment Impact Assessment”, McGraw Hill.
2. E.P.Odum “Fundamentals of Ecology “V.B.Saunders and Co. 1974.
SECONDARY METABOLISM IN PLANTS AND MICROBES
MTBT 303A L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Introduction to primary & secondary metabolism: structure, biosynthesis and metabolism of important secondary products; Glycosides, isoprenoids, cardenolides, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids and antibiotics. Unit II [8] Important groups of secondary metabolic enzymes; Significance of secondary metabolism and products for the producer organism. Unit III [8] Regulation and expression of secondary metabolism; regulation of enzyme activity; regulation of enzyme amount; integration with differentiation and development; action of inducers; coordinated enzyme expression and sequential gene expression. Unit IV [8] Metabolic products produced by in vitro culturing of plant cells, selection of plant cells/tissues for the production of a specific product, Culture system in secondary plant product biosynthesis-batch continuous cultures and immobilized plant cells, Biotransformation of precursors by cell culturing. Unit V [8] Metabolic pathway engineering for production of secondary metabolites. Books Suggested: 1. Slater A, Scott NW, Fowler MR “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic
Manipulation of Plants”. 2. Mantell SH, Matthews JA, McKee RA, “Principles of Plant
Biotechnology: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Plants”. 3. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An Introduction”. 4. Old, Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”. 5. Buchanan, “Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology”.
BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOMATHEMATICS MTBT 303B
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Determinants; Evaluations of 3 x 3 determinants; Matrices; Types of matrices; Inversion of a matrix; Orthogonal matrix; Solution of simultaneous equations; biomatrix methods. Unit II [8] Probability; Definition; Probability of an event, Probability of independent and dependent events, conditional probability, Baye’s theorem. Unit III [8] Probability distribution, random variable, discrete probability distributions-Binomial, Poisson and Gaussian probability distribution and their application in biology. Unit IV [8] Non-parametric test, hypothesis testing, Z-test, student’s t-test, chi square test, F-test for equality of population variance. Unit V [8] Correlation analysis: Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation, regression analysis, multiple regression for biotechnological data, analysis of variance (ANOVA). Books Suggested: 1. D. Freedman, R.Pisani, R.Purves, J.M.Lachin, “Biostatistical method: the
assessment of relative risks” 2. P.S.S. Sunder Rao and J.Richard, “An introduction to Bilstatistics”,
Prentice Hall of India, N.Delhi 3. Pillai & Bagavathi, “Statistics-theory and practice”, S. Chand 4. H.K. Dass, “Engineering Mathematics”, S.Chand 5. H.C. Saxena, “Text book of Numerical Analysis”, S.Chand. 6. Martin Bland “An introduction to Medical Statistics”, Oxford Medical
Publ. 7. Alastair C, Wardlaw, “Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists”,
John Wiley. 8. Wavne W Daÿÿel, “Biostatistics, a foundation for aous ÿÿs in the Health
Science”, John Wiley.
FOOD TECHNOLOGY
MTBT 303C
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Food as substrate for Microorganisms; General principles underlying spoilage of foods and different methods of preservation of foods, Microbial food poisoning and infection; investigation of foodborne outbreaks, prevention and control.
Unit II [8] Microbiology and spoilage of meat and meat products, fish and poultry, fruits and vegetables, sugar and sugar products, canned foods, process of canning of foods. Unit III [8] Milk and milk products: Clean milk production, collection, cooling and transportation of milk, Therapeutic value and nutritive value of fermented milk products; Spoilage of milk and milk products; Milkborne diseases; antimicrobial systems in milk; sources of contamination of milk; Chemical and microbiological examination of milk; grading of milk; Starter lactic cultures; management and preparation of starter cultures; starter defects. Unit IV [8] Microbial flavors in Dairy and Food industry; Food adulteration and contamination of food with harmful microorganisms; food laws and standards; Indian and International food safety laws and standards; Quality and safety assurance in food and dairy industry; food and dairy arithmetic; standardization of products and costing; BIS Laboratory Services; BIS product certification and licensing quality systems; Certification by BIS. Unit V [8] Determining Microorganisms and their Products in Foods: Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods, Conventional; SPC, Membrane Filters, Microscope colony Counts, Agar Droplets, Dry Films, Most probable Numbers (MPN), Dye-reduction, Roll Tubes, Direct, Microscopic Count
(DMC), Microbiological Examination of surfaces, Air Sampling, Metabolically Injured Organisms Books Suggested: 1. Food Science. Fifth ed.Norman, Potter, CBS Publ. 2. Technology of Food preservation. Norman potter, CBS. 3. Milk and Milk Products, Clarence Henry Eckles TMH Publ. 4. Food Microbiology – Frazier 5. Food Microbiology – J.De and De 6 Food processing :Biotechnological Applications, S.S. Marwaha and
Arora, Asitech Publ. 7. Outlines of Dairy Technology – Sukumar De 8. Adams MR and Moss MO, Food Microbiology, The Royal Society of
Chemistry, Cambridge. 9. Andrews AT, Varley J, Biochemistry of milk products, Royal Society of
Chemistry. 10. Banwart GJ, Basic food microbiology, Chapman & Hall, New York. 11. Frazier WC and Westhoff DC. Food microbiology, TATA McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi. 12. Hobbs BC and Roberts D, Food poisoning and food hygiene, Edward
Arnold (A division of Hodder and Stoughton), London. 13. May JM, Modern food microbiology, CBS Publishers and distributors,
New Delhi. 14. Robinson RK, The microbiology of milk. Elsevier Applied Science,
London. 15. Robinson RK, Dairy Microbiology, Elsevier Applied Science, London.
PLANT CELL TECHNOLOGY MTBT 303D
(Revised) L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8]
Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Different types of culture media;
Nutritional components of culture media; Regulation of cell differentiation;
Types of culture: callus, suspension, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis,
micropropagation.
Unit II [8]
Isolation, purification and culture of protoplasts; Protoplast fusion and somatic
hybridization; Selection systems for somatic hybrids / cybrids; Production of
haploid plants: anther, pollen culture and ovule culture; Polyploidy; Storage of
plant genetic resources; Induction of mutation; Somaclonal variation;
Production of disease free plants (meristem culture).
Unit III [8]
Production of secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures; batch and
continuous cultures. Biotransformation using plant cell cultures; Bioreactor
system and models for mass cultivation of plant cells, hairy root culture.
Unit IV [8]
Genetic transformation methods for production of transgenic plants:
Microprojectile bombardment, microinjection and electroporation. Detailed
mechanism of Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation; Applications of
transgenic plants; Reporter genes; Selectable markers. Genetic engineering-
Safety, social, moral and ethical considerations.
Unit V [8]
Molecular Markers: RFLP maps, RAPD maps, STS, microsatellites, SCAR
(sequence characterized amplified regions), SSCP (single strand conformational
polymorphism), AFLP, ESTs, QTL, map based cloning, molecular marker
assisted selection.
Books Suggested:
1. Chawla HS, “Plant Biotechnology: A Practical Approach”.
2. Slater A, Scott NW, Fowler MR “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic
Manipulation of Plants”.
3. Dixon RA, Gonzales RA, “Plant Cell Culture: A Practical Approach”.
4. Mantell SH, Matthews JA, McKee RA, “Principles of Plant Biotechnology:
An Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Plants”.
5. Stafford A, Warren G, “Plant Cell and Tissue Culture (Biotechnology
Series)”.
6. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An Introduction”.
7. Old, Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”.
8. Bhojwani SS, Razdan, “Plant Tissue Culture”.
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
MTBT 303E
L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I
[8]
NANOSCALES: What is meant by Nanoscale – Nanoscale Processes –
Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials in the Nanoscales -
Nanoscale Measurements.
UNIT II
[8]
PROPERTIES AND MEASUREMENTS OF NANOMATERIALS:
Optical Prperties – Absorption and Fluroscence – Microscopy measurements
– SEM –TEM - AFM and STM. Confocal and TIRF Imaging.
UNIT III
[8]
NANOBIOLOGY: Properties of DNA and motor proteins – Measuremnts
of Conductivity of DNA nanowires and angular properties of motor --
Lessons from Nature on making nanodevices.
UNIT IV
[8]
BIOCONJUGATION OF NANOMATERIALS TO BIOLOGICAL
MOLECULES: Reactive Groups on biomolecules ( DNA & Proteins ) -
Conjugation to nanoparticles (ZnS- Fe3O4) - Uses of Bioconjugated
Nanoparticles.
UNIT V
[8]
NANO DRUG DELIVERY: Various Drug Delivery Systems – aerosol -
Inhalants - Injectibles – Properties of Nanocarriers – Efficiency of the
Systems.
Books Suggested:
1. Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives,
Christof M. Niemeyer (Editor), Chad A. Mirkin (Editor) , Wiley-VCH; 1
edition , 2004.
2. NanoBioTechnology: BioInspired Devices and Materials of the Future
by Oded Shoseyov and Ilan Levy, Humana Press; 1 edition 2007.
3. NanoBiotechnology Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology) by
Sandra J Rosenthal and David W. Wright , Humana Press; 1 edition ,
2005.
RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY
MTBT 303F L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I
[8]
RESEARCH AND ITS METHODOLOGIES (WITH EXAMPLES):
Objectives of research, research process – observation, analysis, inference,
hypothesis, axiom, theory, experimentation, types of research (basic,
applied, qualitative, quantitative, analytical etc). Features of translational
research, the concept of laboratory to market (bench to public) and Industrial
R&D.
UNIT II
[8]
RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY – AN OVERVIEW: Biological
systems and their characteristics that influence the type and outcome of
research, Exploratory and product-oriented research in various fields of
biotechnology (health, agri, food, industrial etc) – types of expertise and
facilities required. Interdisciplinary nature of biotech research, sources of
literature for biotech research
UNIT III
[8]
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH: BASIC CONCEPTS IN DESIGN
AND METHODOLOGY
Precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity; variables, biochemical
measurements, types of measurements, enzymes and enzymatic analysis,
antibodies and immunoassays, instrumental methods, bioinformatics and
computation, experimental planning – general guidelines
UNIT IV
[8]
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: Importance and scientific methodology in
recording results, importance of negative results, different ways of
recording, industrial requirement, artifacts versus true results, types of
analysis (analytical, objective, subjective) and cross verification, correlation
with published results, discussion, outcome as new idea, hypothesis,
concept, theory, model etc.
UNIT V
[8]
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATION: Different types of
scientific and technical publications in the area of biotechnology, and their
specifications, Ways to protect intellectual property – Patents, technical
writing skills, definition and importance of impact factor and citation index -
assignment in technical writing.
Books Suggested:
1. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology Geoffrey R. Marczyk,
David DeMatteo, David Festinger, 2005 John Wiley & Sons Publishers, Inc
2. Biochemical Calculations: How to Solve Mathematical Problems in
General Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, Irwin H. Segel, 1976 John Wiley &
Sons Publishers, Inc
3. Guide to Publishing a Scientific paper, Ann M. Korner, 2004, Bioscript
Press.
BIO-BUSINESS
MTBT 303G L T P
3 1 0
Unit I
[8]
Overview of the Biotechnology Industry: Birth of Biotechnology Industry,
Major Sectors in Biotechnology Industry, trends and key issues faced by the
Biotechnology and Devices Industry, Case study of Top Biotech Companies
in India and abroad.
Unit II
[8]
Product Development: Industrial R&D and product development. Product
development and project management. Transition from R&D to business
units. Management of radical innovation technologies vs. stage gate
approach in product development. Discussion on regulatory issues and
clinical trial process. FDA basics. PMA, 510K, IND, NDA. Case Discussion
Unit III
[8]
Intellectual Property: Business Models and R&D: Intellectual property in
biotech, definitions. Managing and working with inter-company partnerships
and alliances. Product development for commercial partners, Transitioning
an idea. Patent laws.
Unit IV
[8]
Bioethics and Legal Issues: Bioethics and current legal issues. Ethics of
new technology. Bioethics and current legal issues. Marketing and public
perceptions in product development.
Unit V
[8]
Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial business. New venture creation,
technology transfer and business planning. Financing biotech businesses and
project finance. How to make the case for a project budget. SBIR, corporate
partners. Case discussion on entrepreneurship issues.
Books Suggested:
1. Eric Grace, “Biotechnology unzipped: Promises and realities”, Wash
DC: Joseph Henry Press, 1997.
2. Arthur Kornberg, Sausalito C A, “The golden helix”, University
Science Books, 1995.
3. Richard Oliver, “The coming biotech age: The business of
biomaterials”, NY: McGraw Hill, 2000.
4. Ruth Ellen Bulger et al., “The ethical dimensions of the biological
sciences”, NY: Cambridge University Press. 1993.
5. David F. Betsch, “Principles of Biotechnology”.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOWASTE
MANAGEMENT
MTBT 303H
L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I
[8]
Source of air, water and solid wastes, Ecosystem, Ecosystem Management,
Renewable resources, Role of biotechnology in environmental protection,
Control and management of biological processes.
UNIT II
[8]
Micrometeorology and dispersion of pollutants in environment. Fate of
pollutants. Bioreactors; Rural biotechnology; Biocompositing, Biofertilizers;
Vermiculture; Organic farming; Biomineralization; Biofuels; Bioethanol and
Biohydrogen; Energy management and safety.
UNIT III
[8]
Centrifugal collectors, electrostatics precipitator, bag filter and wet
scrubbers. Design and efficiencies. Combustion generated pollution, vehicle
emission control. Case studies.
UNIT IV
[8]
Water quality modeling for streams, Characterization of effluents, effluent
standards, Measurement of Pollution, Pollution control, remediation and
management, Waste water collection; control and management; waste water
treatment, sewagw treatment through chemical, microbial and biotech
techniques, Treatment of waste water from dairy, tannery, sugar and
antibiotic industries. Treatment and disposal. Waste recovery system.
UNIT V
[8]
Primary methods; setting, pH control, chemical treatment. Secondary
methods; Biological treatment, Tertiary treatments; like ozonization,
disinfection, etc, Gene and Environment, Environmentral genomics,
Bioprospecting, Metabolic pathways for biodegradation of hydrocarbon
compound and other organic pollutants, Microbial interaction with; metals
and radionuclides, mechanism, nitrate and phosphate removal.
Books Suggested:
1. L.Canter “Environment Impact Assessment”, McGraw Hill.
2. E.P.Odum “Fundamentals of Ecology “V.B.Saunders and Co. 1974.
3. W.J.Weber “Physics-Chemical Process for water quality control, Wiley-
international Ed.
4. L.L.Gaccio water and water population Handbook Marcel Dekkar, New
York
BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES
MTBT 101 L T P
3 1 0
Unit I
[8]
Structures and functions of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
nucleic acids, vitamins and hormones.
Unit II
[8]
Centrifugation: types of rotors; principles and applications of differential,
zonal, density gradient and ultra centrifugation.
Unit III
[8]
Electrophoresis: principles and applications of moving boundary and zone
electrophoresis including gel electrophoresis (PAGE, starch, agarose and
Pulse Field gel Electrophoresis), isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis;
Chromatography: Adsorption, partition, ion-exchange, reverse phase,
covalent, gel filtration, affinity, gas chromatography, HPLC and FPLC.
Unit IV
[8]
Photometry: Theory, instrumentation and applications of visible
photometry; Basic Principles of Spectroscopy: UV, visible, atomic
absorption, ESR, NMR, IR, mass and plasma emission spectroscopy.
Microscopy: Simple, compound, phase contrast, electron (transmission,
scanning) and confocal microscopy.
Unit V
[8]
Radiotracer technology, use of radioactive isotopes in biological system;
autoradiography, Geiger-Muller counter, Liquid scintillation counter; CD;
ORD; X-ray crystallography; Biosensors; Flow cytometer; Freeze drying;
Amino acid analyzer.
Books Suggested:
1. Wilson K, Walker J, Walker JM, “Principles and Techniques of
Practical Biochemistry”.
2. Sambrook J, Russell DW, Sambrook J, “Molecular Cloning: A
Laboratory Manual”.
3. William M, O’ Leary Robert, Dony Wu, “Practical Handbook of
Microbiology”.
4. Brown, TA, “Gene cloning: An introduction”.
5. Cantor CR, Schimmel PR, “Biophysical Chemistry”.
6. Lehninger A, “ Principles of Biochemistry”.
7. Voet & Voet, “Biochemistry”.
CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
MTBT 104 L T P
3 1 0
Unit I
[8]
DNA replication: Initiation, elongation and termination; Roles of DNA
Polymerase I, II, III, DNA ligase, DNA gyrase, Topoisomerases, Primase,
Helicase, HD protein; Okazaki fragments; RNA primers; Repair by DNA
polymerase I and DNA ligase; Eukaryotic replication; Regulation of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication; Fidelity of replication.
Unit II
[8]
Transcription: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription: Initiation,
elongation and termination; DNA - dependent RNA polymerase (RNA
Pol in prokaryotes and RNA Pol I, II, III in eukaryotes): Physical
properties, subunit structure; Sigma cycle; Promoter; Enhancer and other
regulatory elements; Transcription factors; RNA - dependent DNA
polymerase; Reverse transcription; Post- transcriptional /
Cotranscriptional processing: Maturation of rRNA, mRNA, tRNA; 5`
capping; RNA splicing; Alternative splicing; RNA editing; Poly A tail
formation; Regulation of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Unit III
[8]
Genetic code: Evidence for a triplet code; Properties of the code
sequential; Ubiquitous (almost); Degenerate; Wobble hypothesis,
Nonsense codons; Sense codons; Translation: Activation of amino acids;
Charging of tRNA; Adapter role of tRNA; Amino acyl tRNA synthetase;
Initiation, elongation and termination of translation in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes; A, P and E sites of ribosomes; Roles of initiation, elongation
and release factors; Ribosome recycling; Post - translational processing;
Protein targeting: targeting of secretory proteins - targeting to
endoplasmic membrane, golgi complex, lysosomes and plasma
membrane; Concept of operon: lac and trp operons.
Unit IV
[8]
Mutation: Spontaneous, induced; Chemical and physical mutagens; Non
sense mutation; Missense mutation; Frame shift mutation; Suppressor
mutation; Different methods of DNA repair and SOS response;
Transposition.
Unit V
[8]
Cell division; Cell cycle and role of cyclin dependent kinases in its
regulation; Cell - cell interaction; Apoptosis and factors governing
apoptosis; Basics of signal transduction: G protein and phospholipids
signaling, cyclic nucleotides, role of calcium in signaling, protein kinases
as primary elements in signaling.
Books Suggested:
1. Lewin, “Genes”.
2. Freifelder DM, “Molecular Biology”.
3. Brown T A, “Genomes”.
4. Watson J D, “Molecular Biology of the Gene”.
5. Twyman R M, “Advanced Molecular Biology”.
6. Brown T A, “Gene cloning: An introduction”.
7. Old & Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”.
8. Primrose S B, “Molecular Biotechnology”.
9. Cibelli J B, Robert P, Keith L, Michael C, West D, “Principles of
Clonning”.
10. Voet & Voet, “Biochemistry
11. Stryer L, “Biochemistry”.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
MTBT 203 L T P
3 1 0
Unit I
[8]
Restriction endonucleases: Types of restriction enzymes, Nomenclature,
Isoschizomers, Neoschizomers, Heterohypekomers, DNA digestion,
Restriction mapping; Other enzymes used in Genetic Engineering: Alkaline
phosphatase, DNA ligase, Reverse transcriptase, DNA Polymerase,
Polynucleotide kinase, DNase, RNase, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase, Taq polymerase, Topoisomerase.
Unit II
[8]
vectors, Plant and animal viruses, Cosmids, Phagemids, Phasmids, Ti
plasmid based vectors; Stringent and relaxed plasmids; Cloning strategies
used with different vectors; Expression vectors; Linkers, Adaptors,
Homopolymer tailing.
Unit III
[8]
Transformation of host cells, chemical induction, in vitro packaging,
Agrobacterium mediated transformation, microprojectile bombardment,
electroporation, and microinjection; Genomic and cDNA library
construction; Subtractive hybridization.
Unit IV
[8]
Techniques in r-DNA Technology: DNA sequencing; PCR, Variants of
PCR, Cloning of PCR product, RACE, Real-Time PCR; Site-directed
mutagenesis; Antisense RNA technology; RNA interference; Cosuppression,
Molecular markers: RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, EST.
Unit V
[8]
Selectable markers, Reporter genes, Preparation of probes, Colony
hybridization, Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, Dot blots,
Western blotting, Immunological techniques; Public concerns related to
recombinant DNA technology; Safety guidelines of rDNA research.
Books Suggested:
1. Old RW, and Primrose SB,Principles of Gene Manipulation,
Blackwell Scientific Pub.
2. Lewin B, "Genes VIII".
3. Winnecker EL, "From Genes to Clones".
4. Freifelder DM, “Molecular Biology”.
5. Brown TA, “Genomes”.
6. Watson JD, “Molecular Biology of the Gene”.
7. Twyman RM, “Advanced Molecular Biology”.
8. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An introduction”.
9. Old & Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”.
10. Primrose SB, “Molecular Biotechnology”.
11. Cibelli JB, Robert P, Keith L, Michael C, West D, “Principles of
Cloning”.
12. Voet & Voet, “Biochemistry”.
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB
MTBT 205
L T P 0 0 6
1. Immobilization (calcium alginate/ polyacrylamide/ glutaraldehyde) of whole
cells and enzymes.
2. Organic acid/ alcohol/ enzyme production through fermentation, estimation of product, its separation and its purification
3. Design and scale-up of fermentation parameters 4. Isolation of plasmid/ phage and plant/ animal (genomic) DNA. 5. Agarose gel electrophoresis, visualization of DNA on gels and analysis of
isolated DNA. 6. Amplification of DNA (using PCR) and restriction digestion. 7. RAPD to study biodiversity. 8. Competent cell preparation, transformation, ligation and screening of
transformants. 9. Quantitative estimation, absorption spectra and Tm determination of DNA. 10. Blotting Techniques: Southern/ Northern/ Western Blot Techniques.