B. H. Roberts BookStirs ControversyBy Ron Bitton

"When one begins to tinker with apeople’s belief in their everlastingsalvation and even though servingas only a messenger or editor, oneshould be prepared to risk burningat the stake. It doesn’t appear pos-sible to discuss B. H. Roberts andhis study in a non-adversarialmanner."

These less-than-hopeful wordsby Professor Brigham D. Madsenwere addressed to a capacitycrowd in Provo’s city hall. Spon-sored by the Algie Ballif Society,the joint presentation on March 22by Professor Madsen and ProfessorSterling M. McMurrin was intendedto defend their reputations in yetanother dispute over revisionistMormon history.

The current controversy hasbeen nearly a half century in themaking and focuses on B. H.Roberts, one of the most importantfigures in twentieth-centuryMormonism. Roberts used hisconsiderable intellect and gift forpowerful oratory to defend his faithand to give it respectability in theeyes of hostile critics. His manybooks included such importantworks as The Seventy’s Coursein Theology, the Comprehen-sive History of the Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-daySaints, and New Witness forGod. In the 1920s he served withdistinction as president of theEastern States Mission, and heremained a prominent and widelyrespected figure in the Church’sFirst Council of Seventy until hisdeath in 1933.

Late in 1921, an investigator ofMormonism wrote to the First Presi-

dency to ask for answers to severalquestions he had about the Book ofMorrnon’s historicall accuracy. TheChurch presidency turned toRoberts, whose massive New Wit-ness for God had ’won widerecognition as an informed, schol-arly defense of the book’s divinity.Although Roberts provided reason-able answers to the investigator’squestions, he himself was notentirely satisfied that he hadresolved the difficullties. Robertswent on to write a more detailed,141-page analysis entitled "Book ofMormon Difficulties: A Study,"which he presented to PresidentHeber J. Grant and other GeneralAuthorities in January 1922.Roberts was disappointed by thestudy’s reception, and the docu-ment remained unpublished formore than sixty years.

Rumors about the Roberts studycontinued to circulate, however.The existence of a study by a prom-inent General Authority that questi-oned the Book of Mormon’s histori-cal accuracy and diivine originswas intriguing to Mormons, non..Mormons, and anti-Mormons. In1980 an incomplete copy of thestudy was published by Jerald andSandra Tanner under the title"Roberts’s Manuscript Revealed,"but the complete work remainedunavailable until members of theRoberts family donated copies tothe University of Utah and gavepermission to publish them. Theuniversity invited ProfessorBrigham D. Madsen~ to edit the docu-ment and asked Professor SterlingM. McMurrin to provide a biographi-cal essay on Roberts. The finishedproduct was published in 1985 by

the University ,of Illinois Press,which had pubilished other impor-tant works on Mormonism, includ-ing Jan Shipps’s Mormonism:The Story of a New ReligiousTradition and Richard Bushman’sJoseph Smith and the Begin-nings of Mormonism. Roberts’spaper was published with anotherof his papers entitled "A Book ofMormon Study" and some asso-ciated documents and correspon-dence under the title Studies ofthe Book of Mormon.

Although only a few reviews ofthe book have appeared so far, ingeneral the historical communitywelcomed the publication of docu-ments that were important toRoberts’s own iintellectual devel-opment and that served as an earlyrecognition of the increasing diffi-culty of reconciling the historicalclaims of the Book of Mormon witharcheologists’ picture of Pre.-columbian America. However, reac-tion from other quarters was swiftand negative.

The first local review of the bookappeared on December 15, 1985, inthe Deseret News. In a highly criti..cal article entitled, "New B. H.Roberts Book Lacks Insight of HisTestimony," BYU Professor John W..Welch spent less space examiningthe contents of the book than hedid upbraiding the editors for vari-ous shortcomings in the presenta-tion of the doctJments. In addition,he claimed that the editors impliedthat these strongly critical studiesrepresented Roberts’s final evalua-tion of the Book of Mormon. Welchasserted that ~ioberts’s testimonyof the Book of Mormon’s divinityremained unshaken to the day hedied and that t’he studies were onlywritten as a sort of "devil’s advo-cate" presentation of questionsthat missionaries might encounter.

Other criticisms followed. TheFoundation for Ancient Researchand Mormon Studies (FARMS),which is headed by ProfessorWelch, released several papersintended to show that B. H. Roberts,

36 SUNSTONE

never lost faith in the Book ofMormon. In "B. H. Roberts, HisFinal Decade: Statements about theBook of Mormon," BYU ProfessorTruman G. Madsen presented a col-lection of favorable public state-ments that Roberts had made aboutthe Book of Mormon after he hadset aside "Book of Mormon Difficul-ties." Professor Welch wrote areport called "Fiinding Answers toB. H. Roberts’s Ouestions and ’AnUnparallel.’" The first part of thisreport offered answers tor thequestions Roberts had raised in"Book of Mormon Difficulties." Inthe second part Welch turned to "ABook of Mormon Study." In thispaper Roberts considered the dis-turbing possibility that JosephSmith had based much of the Bookof Mormon on Ethan Smith’s book,Views of the Hebrews.

In this study, Roberts was asblunt and forthright about his res-ervations as he was in his pub-lished writings when he describedthe strengths of Mormonism. Afterlisting the various similaritiesbetween Ethan Smith’s book andthe Book of Mormon, he asked:"Did Ethan Smith’s Views of theHebrews furnish structural mate-rial for the Book of Mormon? It hasbeen pointed out in these pagesthat there are many things in theformer book that might well havesuggested many things in theother. Not a few’ things merely, oneor two, or a half-dozen, but many;and it is this fact of many things ofsimilarity and the cumulative forceof them that makes them soserious a menace to JosephSmith’s story of the Book of"Mormon’s origin."

Later in the study, Roberts exam-ined the various .stories of dissen-ters and Anti-Christs in the Book ofMormon. He concluded, "They areall of one breed and brand; sonearly alike that one mind is theauthor of them, and that a youngand undeveloped, but piouslyinclined mind. The evidence I sor-rowfully submit, points to Joseph

Smith as their creator. It is difficultto believe that they are the productof history, that they come upon thescene separated by long periods oftime, and among a race which wasthe ancestoral [sic] race of the redman of America."

Welch’s paper presented tworesponses to the Ethan Smiththeory. First he claimed that theresemblances between the twobooks were far too vague and gen-eral to support the notion thatJoseph Smith copied the earlierbook. Neither B. H. Roberts nor anyother informed questioner, Welchinsisted, could take the theoryseriously. However, an uninformedinvestigator might find the ideaplausible, and so Roberts consid-ered the theory in his role of devil’sadvocate. The seventy’s rather criti-cal language, claimed Welch, wasonly a rhetorical device to facilitatethe role.

But the most serious chargesappeared in a 1986 report called"Did B. H. Roberts Lose Faith in theBook of Mormon?" Here ProfessorWelch and Truman Madsen made avariety of charges. BrighamMadsen and Sterling McMurrin,they claimed, incorrectly impliedthat Roberts’s studies representeda settled position instead of aperiod of transition in his feelingsabout the Book of Mormon. Theyclaimed the editors’ chronologysuggested that Roberts was stillworking on the reports as late asthe mid-1920s, when he actually setthem aside in 1922. They criticizedBrigham Madsen’s editing for giv-ing the reports the look of finishedstudies when they were actuallyonly rough drafts. Most seriously,the report suggested that McMurrinand Madsen had overstated theimportance of the studies and thedepth of Roberts’s reservationsbecause they themselves had weakor nonexistent testimonies and hadslanted the material to fit their own"hidden agendas."

Before the FARMS reportappeared, Brigham Madsen and

Sterling McMurrin had kept a lowprofile in the affair. Neither had ~received any financial compensa-tion for their work on the book, andthey had already turned down aninformal proposal from the B. H.Roberts Society to give an eveninglecture on their work with theRoberts material. However, thestrongly ad horninem nature ofProfessor Welch’s charges led themto believe that they had to makesome public defense of their work.McMurrin and Madsen thereforewent back to the B. H. RobertsSociety and suggested that theyappear on a program in whichWelch and Truman Madsen weregiven equal time to present theirviews. This time, however, it wasthe two BYU professors’ turn todecline the invitation. Thereafter,McMurrin and Brigham Madsenappeared on March 22 before theAlgie Ballif Society.

1 ne two protesors made a spir-ited defense of their work. BrighamMadsen characterized the FARMSreport as "a lO0-page attack on thecredibility of the editors of theRoberts book" and said that Welchwas "apparently attempting to dis-credit Roberts by discrediting hiseditor." Madsen went on to explainin detail his editorial procedure, todefend his claim that Roberts wasstill working on the report as lateas 1927, and to defend his objectiv-ity as an editor. He largely ignoredthe more ad hominem charges.The real question, he said, waswhether Roberts had in factwavered in his commitment to theBook of Mormon: did he believe itwas a divinely inspired historicalrecord or Joseph Smith’s personalcreation? Madsen argued that therecord clearly shows that Robertsbelieved the latter. "That is thecharge by B. H. Roberts againstJoseph Smith," he said, "whichProfessor Welch has ducked by thediversion of attempting to discreditthe editor of the Roberts manu-scripts." Madsen alluded to an arti-cle by Professor Welch in theMarch 1986 Ensign entitled "B. H.

SUNSTONE 37

Roberts: Seeker after Truth" andsaid that "Welch tries to prove thatRoberts did not mean what he saidin his ’A Book of Mormon Study’when the record is crystal clearthat Roberts did, indeed, meanwhat he said: ’The evidence I sor-rowfully submit, points to JosephSmith as their creator.’"

Professor McMurrin’s presenta-tion was, if anything, even moreforceful. Describing the FARMSreport as "an attack not only onour competence but also on ourhonesty and integrity of purpose,"he went on to describe what hesaw as a fundamental methodologi-cal difference between the B. H.Roberts editors and the professorsat FARMS. He and BrighamMadsen, he said, had been primar-ily concerned with makingRoberts’s manuscript available and

letting the seventy speak for him-self. The question of what he reallybelieved about the Book of Mormonor, for that matter, what the editorsreally believed abo,ut it simply didnot seem relevant. By contrast, Iqesaid, "Madsen and Welch seem tofeel that if such a book were to bepublished, it should in some waybe designed as an argument sup-porting the authenticity of the Bookof Mormon." McMurrin chargedthat Welch and a colleague hadmade serious overtures to the Uni-versity of Illinois Press not to pub-lish the book; failing that, Welchfelt they should incllude a rejoinderin which he rebutted Roberts’sarguments. "Strange behavior,"commented McMur~rin, "for univer-sity research scholars allegedlydedicated to the pursuit of knowl-edge and truth."

Although McMurrin’s tone wasoccasionally light--he decribed onepassage in Truman Madsen’s por-tion of the FARMS report as "adelightful mixt~ure of truth, error,and invective".-he concluded bysaying that "to become involved inthis discussion has proved to be agenuine embarrassment for me. Iam opposed constitutionally and inprinciple to arguing about matterspertaining to religion, and thiswhole affair has made me feelrather unclean."

B. H. Roberts’s own true feelingsabout the Book: of Mormon maynever be known, but one thing iscertain: the publication of his manu.-scripts has already proved to be animportant chapter in the continuingdebate over the origins of Mormon-ism’s keystone scripture.

Man Forced to ResignOver Translation Issue/n the 1963 book, Our Book ofMormon, Sidney B. Sperry exam-ined "the problem of the Sermon onthe Mount." In his statement of the"problem," Sperry asked why cer-tain passages from 3 Nephi in theBook of Mormon are almost identi-cal to the beatitudes from Matthew5 in the King James Version of theNew Testament. Moreover, Sperryobserved, Joseph Smith’s transla-tion of the Nephite text "lack[s] theconfirmation of practically allancient Greek manuscripts of theNew Testament."

Thus the question is raised: "DidJoseph Smith translate the Book ofMormon directly from the goldplates, or did he, as Sperry sug-gested, use the KJV when he cameto a ’familiar scripture?’"

This is a crucial point in light ofthe Book of Mormon assertion thatthe Nephites transcribed the"Sermon on the Mount" in "thosesame words which Jesus hadspoken--nothing varying from thewords which Jesus had spoken" (3Ne. 19:8). Why wouldn’t JosephSmith translate the literal words ofChrist, rather than copy the KingJames bible?

This issue was recently reexam-ined by Stan Larsen while workingfor the LDS church’s scripturaltranslation department. In his

paper, "The Sermon on the Mount:What Its Textual TransformationDiscloses Concerning the Histo-ricity of the Book of Mormon,"Larsen collates what he believes tobe the most correct reading ofthe Sermon on the Mount asderived from manuscripts, monas-tic documents, and papyri. Whenhe compared the readings to cer-tain passages in 3 Nephi, he foundJoseph Smith’s translation includeserrors which do not: appear hero,rethe 1769 edition of the King JamesVersion. "The Book of Mormon textof the Sermon on the Mount," saysLarsen, "is not a genuine transla-tion from an ancient language, butrather is Joseph Srnith’s nineteenthcentury targumic [paraphrase]expansion of the English KJV text."Indeed, concludes Larsen, "JosephSmith plagiarized from the KJVwhen dictating the Biblical quota-tions in the Book of Mormon."Therefore, "the Book of Mormoncannot be considered a ’literal’translation."

The word plagiarism is strong,admits Larsen, but he insists theevidence presented in his papersupports the fact Joseph Smithcopied Bible passages withoutproper attribution. Furthermore,while Larsen recognizes severalauthors have reached a similarconclusion, he claims to be the first

to point out Joseph Smith did notcorrect textual errors which hadcrept into the King James Versionover two hundred years ago.

It was this candid criticism ofJoseph Smith’s translation processwhich eventually cost him his jobwith the LDS clnurch. He was forcedto resign after superiors in thetranslation and personnel manage-ment departments obtained copiesof Larsen’s manuscript.

Just how did Church officialsobtain copies of the paper?Larsen believes it began with thePrimary president in his ward. Shehad asked his ii~ermission to, give acopy of the paper to the wardbishop. The bishop turned a copyover to the stake president whothen turned a copy over to stakehigh councilor Jim Jewell, whoworks in the translation depart-ment. "One way or the other it wen1:through perso~nel and on to Corre-lation," says Larsen. "All I know isno one came to me personally."

On September 18, Larsen wassuspended untiil two decisionscould be made about the situation.According to Larsen, one decisioninvolved the correlation depart-ment’s evaluation of his article.Says Larsen, ’"]hey were supposedto decide whetlher the paper is doc-trinally correct and whether it’sright for a member of the Church tobe publishing it." Second, Larsen’secclesiastical leaders were 1:odecide if he was worthy to hold atemple recomrnend--a standardrequirement for Churchemployment.

38 SUNSTONE

Yet, Larsen explains, there hasbeen no movement on either deci-sion. He was simply given thechoice either to be fired or to resignwith severence pay. He chose thelatter.

Larsen maintains he was told hisdismissal was based solely on thecontents of his paper. "They said itwas ’derogato~ry,’ and it brought abad light to the Church," saysLarsen.

To those who have observedseveral recent talks by GeneralAuthorities on the topic of dissent

and criticism within the Church,Larsen’s account may come as nosuprise. On August 16, ApostleDallin H. Oaks stated, "The fact thatsomething is true is not justifica-tion for communicating it. By thesame token, some things that aretrue are not edifying or appropriateto communicate." In General Con-ference in October, First Presidencysecond counselor Gordon B.Hinckley declared that critics of theChurch will not remain on theChurch’s payroll. "We are not underobligation to spend tithing funds toprovide facilities and resources to

"The Dance"’.xit Stage Left

Can a black actor portray a stereo-typical Mormon? Apparently not atthe Promised Valley Playhouse inSalt Lake City.

"The Dance," a musical by CarolLynn Pearson and J. A. C. Redfordwas scheduled’for PVP’s "LDSTheatre Festival" June 27 throughJuly 13. Thomas W. Parker, PVP’sgeneral manager had seen an ear-lier production by Michael Flynn ofOrem and "felt it was one of thefinest pieces of LDS dramatic writ-ing available." Says Parker, "Afterconsiderable negotiation, Flynnagreed to present that same pro-duction at the PVP, and based onhis verbal assurance of his satis-faction with tile written contract,we advertised the festival."

But Parker believes the focus ofthe play was dramatically alteredwhen Flynn cast a black actor toplay a lead character opposite awhite actress, "The racial element

changed the play," maintainsParker. "1 believe our audienceswould have viewed it as a ratherstrange piece of experimental thea-tre, and it would have hurt subse-quent festival attendance."Moreover, "It was not the play Isaw in Orem, it was not the play weagreed to do."

The plot surrounds three stereo-typical Mormon couples attendinga church-sponsored dance. Flynninsists the script simply calls forsix actors and no race is specified.He describes one couple, Brad andJanet, as "not quite as developedas the others." Therefore, while hecontemplated casting a black cou-ple, he decided to hire a whiteactress to play opposite blackactor Dewayne Hambrick for"heightened interest" in the charac-ters. "It’s not very common in oursociety," says Flynn. Nevertheless,he says he was making an artistic,not a racial statement.

those who have demonstrated thatit is their objective to attack theChurch and undermine the mis-sion," Hinckley said.

More conciliatory is thisresponse by LDS public communi-cations managing director RichardP. Lindsey: "It is known that theprophet translated some thingsfrom ancient record, rewordedsome biblical phrases and receivedsome scripture by revelation."

Larsen’s paper has been submit-ted for publication to the Journalof the Evangelical TheologicalSociety in San Diego.

Flynn hastens to point out therelationship between Janet andBrad is platonic. Janet does, how-ever, refer to a previous romancewith Brad’s elder brother. Appar-ently PVP management found thisobjectionable and insisted Flynnremove the mixed race romanticaspect or cut the charactersaltogether.

Playwrites Pearson and Redfordcould not agree on modifications inthe script. "The bottom line is,"says Redford, "PVP couldn’t handlea black in this play. I’d rather can-cel the show than kick outDewayne."

Parker did just that and replacedthe show with an extended run ofJames Arrington’s "Farley FamilyReunion." Besides, Parker alledges,"1 don’t believe Flynn’s productionwas well enough rehearsed to openon time." To this, Flynn retorts,"Never, never was it an issue of notbeing ready. The only reason wasbecause of a biracial couple."

Flynn says he hopes to produce"The Dance" in Orem sometime inthe near future. This time he antici-pates no problems with havingHambrick in the cast.

Gallup Poll ShowsLDS Church A ttendanceA recent Gall~up poll has revealedthat 40 percent of the nation’schurchgoers attend services regu-larly. Mormons, however, exceedthe national average showing 53percent actively attending Church.

Furthermore, compared toBaptists, Southern Baptists,Methodists, Lutherans,Presbyterians, and Episopalians,

Latter-day Saints are the highestattenders of all.

Attendance figures were basedon a five-week study conducted inmore that 300 locations nationwide.A total of 7,747 adults participatedby answering the question, "Didyou, yourself, happen to attendChurch or synagogue in the lastseven days?"

The survey also asked, "Do youhappen to be a member of a churchor synagogue?" Again the LDSchurch came out above thenational averge showing thatamong the Mormons contacted, 87percent knew the unit to which theybelonged. Southern Baptists fol-lowed with 81 percent, while 80percent of the Catholics claimed alocal parish, 76 percent of theLutherans, 73 percent of theEpiscopalians, and 72 percent ofthe Presbyterians listed member-ship in a local congregation. 0nly58 percent of the Jews listed asynagogue.

SUNSTONE 3g

"Sounds Like Utah"The newest wave in Utah broad-casting is LDS-oriented radiostations.

Within the past few months, twocentral Utah stations haveswitched to a new, experimentalstyle directed to the LDS listener.

In Salt Lake City, KUTR AM 860plays songs from the LDS musi-cals, "Saturday’s Warrior," "MyTurn On Earth," and "It’s a Mira-cle," and Primary favorites like "1Am a Child of God." The MormonTabernacle Choir also receivesheavy play. Intermixed with LDStunes are "light hits" by such non-LDS artists as Barry Manilow, theCarpenters, and others whose lyr-ics and tempo meet a standard ofwholesomeness. Moreover, the sta-tion bans commercial advertisingfor alcohol, bars, tobacco, andcasinos. The target audience:"Active LDS adults, 25 plus."

While not intending to promotedoctrine or religion per se, themanagement of KUTR wants "tohold up a mirror to the Mormonpopulation and reflect back, viamusic, to the positive things of theLDS lifestyle."

Similarly, KX¥C AM 1400 in Orembroadcasts "music and informationfor the Church of Jesus Christ of

Latter-day Saints lifestyle." Stationmanager Robert Morey explainsthat contrary to "sister station"KUTR,, his station plays only reli-gious or "inspirational" music.KXYC’s style is "more conserva-tive," says Morey. "KUTR playsromantic songs. We want platonicsongs." The somewhat more strictadvertising policy forbids promot-ing the aforementioned taboos aswell as caffinated beverages, R- orX-rated movies, feminine hygieneproducts, birth control productsand attacks on the Mormon or anyother ,church.

The experimental formats of bothstations are in an embryonic state.KUTR showed on the Birch ratingsfor August and September with a .3percent of the Salt Lake area lis-teners. In addition, KUTR was listedsixth on a list compiled by theOuantum Report for the Provo-Oremarea of listeners over 25, Mondaythrough Saturday, 6 A.M. to mid-night from April to J~L~ne 1985. Whilenot an overwhelming slice of themarket, the station’s promotiondepartment emphasizes "KUTR’sadvertisers will capitalize on greatearly curiosity," and the audience"will come from Utah’s loyal, atten-tive and responsive people."Moreover, "KUTR’s early advertis..

ers will be in on the ground floor ofsomething new and exciting."Meanwhile, Morey is confident thatwhile KX¥C has relatively few lis-teners, the station’s popularity isgrowing. "We’ve adopted a ’waitand see’ attitude.

Neither station has officialendorsement from the LDS churchalthough Morey says he discussedthe venture with Public Communi-cations in Salt I.ake City. "We arewaiting for clearance in someareas and when we get it we willhave more LDS programmingavailable," including GeneralConference broadcasts, BYU Fif-teen Stake Firesides, devotionals,and even football games.

Without official collaborationwith Brigham Young University,KXYC has initiated a letter writingcampaign to show support for theJerusalem Center which is cur-rently facing opposition from ultra-Orthodox Jews who fear Mormonproselyting efforts in Israel.

Both stations emphasize theiruniqueness and their role in fillinga perceived need. Because theirgeographical broadcasting areasdo not overlap, the two stationsdon’t see each other as competi-tors. Perhaps each can learn fromthe others’ failures and successes.Meanwhile, KUTR and KXYC feeltheir new formats are long overdueand in time will prove to be appre-ciated, not to mention lucrative.

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40 SUNSTONE

Assaulting anArchivesIN THE FREUD ARCHIVESBY JANET MALCOLMALFRED A. KNOPF, 1984, $11.95, 165 PP.Reviewed by Jonathan Butler

j anet Malcolm provides an art-ful narative on the SigmundFreud Archives and their

guardian, K. R. Eissler, a brilliant,venerable psychoanalyst andscholar of psychoanalysis, whofunctions as an arch-apologist forFreud. Her sto~ry’s hero (of sorts) isJeffrey Masson, a brash youngscholar, who t,urned from Sanskritto the study of psychoanalysis. Inprodigiously short order, he pene-trated the inner sanctum of theFreud Archives as its projectsdirector, only to apostatize as anembittered and belligerent anti-Freudian. At the finest level ofinterpretive jo,rnalism, Malcolmcovered the story in a celebratedseries in the The New Yorker,which has now been compiled intothis fascinating book. Malcolm’stale may hold special interest forMormons, who have archives,apologists, and apostates of theirown.

The story unfolds as Massonabandoned a tenured professorshipin Sanskrit at the University ofToronto for a meteoric rise as apsychoanalyst and a scholar in thefield. After presenting several pre-cocious scholarly papers on psy-choanalysis, Masson was ap-pointed by Eissler to be projectsdirector for the archives, givingMasson access to Freud letters anddocuments still unavailable to thepublic from the period when Freudformulated his basic theories.

Between 1895 and 1897 Freudheld to the "seduction theory,"which proposed that hysteria, acommon nineteenth-century dis-order, had its root cause in sexualabuse in infancy or earliest child-hood. It is generally accepted thatFreud’s conclusion that this theorywas wrong prompted his momen-tous discovery of the cornerstoneof psychoanalytic theory: infantilesexuality and the Oedipus complex.Rather than accounting for hysteria

with the grisly events of an outerworld in which children are mo-lested, Freud turned to an innerworld of the unconscious.

After Masson became Eissler’sprotege, he identified himself asone of a new generation of criticswho believed that "Freud had itright the first time." The seductiontheory had been correct, andFreud’s rejection of it was not ablessing for psychoanalysis butsomething of a curse.

Masson’s quarrel with psycho-analysis and its prophet-founderinvolves the unedifying case ofEmma Eckstein, a young womanwhom Freud cited among his hys-teria patients. Freud referred her tohis friend Wilhelm Fliess, an ear,nose, and throat surgeon, whooperated on her nose in an effort torelieve various neurotic and gyne-cological symptoms. After theoperation she had severe nasalbleeding which lasted until anothersurgeon removed "at least half ameter of gauze" which Fliess hadinadvertently left in her nose.Instead of chastising his friend forbungling the operation, Freud per-suaded himself that Emma’s bleed-ing was caused by her hysteria.According to Masson, Freud haddismissed the effects of an actualsurgical assault as products of anuerotic imagination. This ledFreud to the belief that tales ofassault told by hysterical patientswere fantasies. "Freud abandonedthe seduction theory because hecouldn’t face the truth about whatFliess had done to Emma," saysMasson. "He needed to believe thatFliess was innocent and Emma wasguilty. So he developed the theorythat all patients lie--they are madesick by their fantasies and not byanything real that has happened tothem. (P. 50.)

Not only does Masson reject thisas fallacious, but he indicts it as

dishonest. He finds Freud to beself-deceptive, devious, and manip-ulative in his cover-up in theEckstein case and in his persistentdenial of the reality of his patient’slives. And as a result, Massonbelieves, all psychoanalysts "feellike such frauds." Argues Masson,"They do analysis because it’sgood business, but in their inner-most souls they feel utterly fraudu-lent." (P. 51.)

Following a presentation of theseviews in a public lecture at Yale,Masson was dismissed from hispost. He subsequently published ananti-Freudian polemic entitled TheAssault on Truth: Freud’s Sup-pression of the Seduction The-ory (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux,1984).

His earlier prestige notwithstand-ing, Assault on Truth has comeunder sharp criticism. Reviewersfault Masson for a heavy-handedinability to distinguish among fact,inference, and conjecture and for aliteral-minded incapacity to discernbetween memories that are realand fantasies that are imaginary.Masson adds only a few details tothe Eckstein case that had notalready been uncovered but lardshis interpretation of it with specu-

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lations that do not inspire confi-dence in him as a scholar.Moreover, he fails to deal with thepsycl~ologically significnat rela-tionship that can occur betweenfact and fantasy. These shortcom-ings may fix Masson’s brief careerin psychoanalysis as less thanmeteoric.

But Masson’s relative merits as ascholar occupy Malcolm only inpart. What interests Malcolm is themore personal aspects of a conflictbetween the defenders of the faithand its debunkers, a conflict thatshouh:l also interest Mormonintellectuals.

Consider, for example, the factthat the Freud Archives are closed.Freud scholars have begged Eisslerfor easier access, but he hasrefused. He explains that prospec-tive donors and interviewees mightotherwise hesitate to hand overdelicate material to the archives.Future generations, he feels, will bein a better position to be objectiveabout Freud than are contempo-raries. When confronted with thecharge that this policy discrim-inates, against present-dayscholars, Eissler reports that it is afar greater injustice that they mightpublish whatever they want aboutFreud when he cannot defend hirn-self o¢ prove he is being maligned.As one scholar puts it, "All thisarises out of the Freud establish-ment’s selective employment ofhistorical material towards perpet-uating and enhancing the Freudmyth."

Establishments prompt come-outers; myth-makers bait icono-clasts. As Masson crows: "Theyare alraid I will destroy psycho-analysis--and they are right to beafrai(~!. I have discovered that Freudwasn’t honest .... When my bookcomes out there is not a patient inpsychoanalysis who will not go tohis analyst with the book in handand say, ’Why didn’t you tell methis? What the hell is going on? Iwant an explanation. This man istelling me that there is somethingprofoondly wrong at the core ofpsychoanalysis.’" (P. 14.) Massongoes on to say, "They sensed that lcould single-handedly bring downthe whole business--and, let’s faceit, there’s a lot of money in thatbusiness." (P. 35.)

In spite of charges of childishgrandstanding, Masson believesthe psychoanalysts loved his workas long as he avoided history. "Butthe closer I got to the person ofFreud," recalls Masson, "and thecloser I got to the real history ofwhat had gone on, the more my so-called friends retreated from me,and I realized that it wasn’t me butthe evidence I was turning up" (p.43). Eissler concedes Masson’spoint that "psychoanalysis is ster-ile" but says, "What I’m so enragedabout is that Masson should blameFreud for it." (P. 64.)

It is difficult not to see Masson’sdismissal as a result of his ownpersonality. Why, for example, didMasson open his mouth when, if hehad kept quiet llor just six moremonths, he was assured of takingover Eissler’s position as secretaryof the archives and could have thensaid anything he wanted withimpunity? The element o! self-destruction seems obvious. Hisbest friend describes him as "aconnoisseur of rejection. He hasfew friends. He falls out with every-one eventually. He goes throughpeople. If he had wanted, he couldbe in Anna Freud’s house now. Hegets depressed and bored whenthings are going smoothly. Heneeds chaos and trouble andexcitement." (P. 156.)

Masson’s naivete about thedegree of destroction his revela-tions would wreak on psycho-analysis and his inability to recog-nize any sort oii "second naivete"by which analysts or patients couldbenefit from a field in spite of theshortcomings of its founder standout clearly in Malcolm’s narrative.The fact, too, that the trouble in theFreud archives involved the per-sonal psychology, even psycho-pathology, of both protagonist andantagonist also becomes painfullyclear. As a result, Malcolm pro-vides a "regional" study that illu-minates other regions. Analogies tothe Freud Archives and the natureof this assault on them abound.

JONA THAN BUTLER teacheshistory at Loma LindaUniversity.

4t SUNSTONE

Sounding Brass orTinkling Cymbal?

THE HEAVENS RESOUNDBY MILTON V. BACKMAN, JR.DESERET BOOK COMPANY, 1983. 479 PP., $13.95.Reviewed by Grant Underwood

Ta_OSe who have come tossociate careful, conserva-

I tive scholarship with MiltonBackman will be pleased with hislatest book. The first of the nowdisbanded sixteen-volume sesqui-centennial history of the Church toappear in print, HeavensResound represents the mostcomprehensiw,= treatment yet of theLatter-day Saints’ sojourn in Ohio.

All the familiar signposts arefirmly in place. Backman retells infascinating detail the story of theChurch’s birth and early growth inOhio, the revelations that shapedits development, the persecutions,Zion’s Camp, the temple and thepentecostal experiences therein,and the conflict and apostasy ofthe final years. He also breaks newground with a chapter that re-counts the less well-known expe-riences of the Kirtland Camp, andhis treatment of the Law of Conse-cration in its Kiirtland phase goeswell beyond earlier studies. Thegenerous lengtlh of the book--nearly four hundred pages of text--also allows him to dedicate separ-ate overview chapters toorganizational developmentswithin the Church, doctrinal devel-opments, and aspects of everydaylife in Kirtland. As a descriptivehistory of the LDS experience inKirtland, Heavens Resound willbe hard to surpass.

It is equally impressive in otherways. The tables, maps, and illus-trations alone make the book worthpurchasing. They represent the dis-tillation of more than a decade ofcareful research by Backman andothers at BYU. Although HeavensResound is not a "communitystudy" in the technical sense ofthat historiographical tradition, thebook is nonetheless sensitive todimensions of the Kirtland expe-rience not reported in earlierChurch histories and effectivelyuses some of the tools of quantita-

tive history in its reconstruction ofMormon life at Kirtland. Tablestreat the reader to a breakdown bystate of the birthplaces of theKirtland Saints, an annual compar-ison of the town’s LDS and non-LDSpopulations, an annual comparisonof the LDS/non-LDS tax assess-ments, a breakdown by year ofwhat percentage of the town offi-cials were LDS, and a chart tracingthe emigration patterns of KirtlandSaints.

These tabulations present a vari-ety of interesting facts. Forinstance, the LDS population inKirtland township did not surpassthat of a modern ward until 1835and probably never topped twothousand, or the size of a smallstake, even during the peak yearsof 1837-38. Furthermore, it wasonly during the period between thededication of the Kirtland templeand the exodus of the KirtlandCamp that the Saints actually out-numbered the non-LDS residents ofthe town, and only in 1837 couldthey count more civic officialsamong their number than outsideof it. Finally, the Saints neverowned more than a fourth as muchland as the Gentiles, even whenthey outnumbered them. Thanks tothe maps, we are also able tolocate all of the LDS branches inOhio during the 1830s, trace JosephSmith’s various travels during thatperiod, plot the expansion of LDSproperty holdings in Kirtland, andeven find the principal transporta-tion arteries that the early Saintswould have utilized. The book istruly a fount of information.

And yet, despite its impressivebreadth and depth, or perhapsbecause of it, Heavens Resoundhas its weaknesses. Backman isclearly more concerned with de-scription and narration than withanalysis and interpretation. Special-ists will also have their quibbles.Those who have kept abreast of

developments in the field of doctri-nal history will wonder, for exam-ple, why Backman retains the olderview that Kirtland Saints under-stood God the Father to have amaterial body, when James Allen,Thomas Alexander, and othershave persuasively demonstratedthat they certainly regarded God asa personage of spirit. Backmanalso is more optimistic than otherrecent students about the degree towhich Joseph Smith’s doctrinalinnovations were actually assimi-lated by the newly convertedSaints. Other readers will be sur-prised to find that the insightfulanalyses Marvin Hill and RonaldEsplin recently gave of the deeperreasons for the Kirtland apostasyare conspicuously absent.

Nonetheless, readers should notmistake Backman’s conservativemanner for apologetic insularity.He calls the shots as he sees them,but almost always after havingexhaustively examined the subject.By any measure, the book deservescareful reading by anyone whowishes to learn more about theMormon experience in Kirtland.

GRANT UNDERWOOD is Director ofthe LDS Institute of Religion adjacentto California State University, LosAngeles.

SUNSTONE 43

GRANDIN BOOK ANNOUNCES

Kirtland Elders’Quorum Record

Never Before Published!For over a century" this little-used record has been in the custody of

the Reorganized Chu/ch. A very important source-not consulted when theLDS church history was compiled-is now available due to the efforts oftwo meticulous scholars: Lyndon W. Cook and Milton F. Backman, Jr.

s Follow the elders as theyparticipate in the first templeordinances in the KirtlandTemple.

¯ Review the instructionsgiven to the first elders’quorum; some by the ProphetJoseph Smith which are notrecorded elsewhere.

¯ Watch the quorummature into the governingpriesthood body in Kirtland.

This exciting historical document is available by direct mail for$7.95, a considerable savings over the regular retail price!

Grandin Book Company P.().Box 1471. Provo, Utah 84603

~Please ~end m~" __ copies of Kirthmd Elders’ Quorum Record (regularly $9.95 plu~lax) for only $7.95 each. (including tax, postage and handling, a sa~ings of over $2.50).

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AWARDSI985D. K. BROWNMEMORI.ALFICTIONCONTEST

SUNSTONE’s annual fiction contest is sponsored inbehalf of the memory of Donald Kenm’tk Brown, a nation-ally respected law enforcement officer and locally admiredreligious leader with a great love for literature. Prize moneyprovided by the Brown family, goes to the followingparticipants:

FIRST PLACE $500

Sunswath Levi Peterson

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You are invited to,an evening honoring

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April 30, 1986

Westin Hotel UtahLafayette Ballroom7:00 - 10:00 P.M.

]oin with us in remembering the pastthrough a historical slide extravaganza and through

Peggy’s memories of her life as l~drs. Sunstone.Then help us pass the torch to new Sunstone officers and

honor those who make Sunstone what it is.

RS VP: For reservations, phone 35 5- 5 92 6.

44 SUNSTONE

SOLSTICEBY JOYCE CAROL OA TESE. P. DUTTON, 1985, $15.95, 243PP.Reviewed by Karen Lynn

In the three novels that precededSolstice (Bellefleur, ABloodsmoor Romance, and TheMysteries of Winterthurn), JoyceCarol Oates invoked a world justbeyond the fringes of nineteenth-century respectability. Her fictionalnarrators went on at great length,savoring every, detail of spiritual-ism, gothic crime, and diabolicalmotive.

But Solstice, is a novel of acompletely different kind. It is farshorter and more direct, set inpresent-day rural Pennsylvania. Itsonly link with the three earlier nov-els is the continuing message thatunder the innocent outer layers ofday-to-day living lurks a poten-tially destructive dynamism overwhich we have no control.

Monica Jensen, just freed from adisastrous marriage, believes thather new job on the faculty of aprivate boys’ school promises thekind of quiet, p~atterned life she hasbeen looking for. Sheila Trask, alocal painter with a reputationamong the New York galleries,meets Monica at a faculty recep-tion. Sheila is older and less con-formist, but since the death of herhusband, her painting has lan-guished. Like Monica, she wishesto use the present as a bridge to adifferent, more satisfying future.

Sheila offers Monica friendshipand counsel in her life. Monica,though not an artist herself,becomes the catalyst for Shelia’srestored artistic vigor.

So far, we rejoice. After all, therenowned Joyce~ Carol Oates hasdone what too few writers havedone: centered a novel on anintense, supportive, productivefemale friendship.

But friendship grows into obses-sion. The relationship turns rui-nous, especially for Monica. AsMonica becomes caretaker of thedetails of Sheila’s life, she resentsSheila’s irrespon, sibility. Sheila, inturn, resents the younger womanas a constant reminder of "themirror-ghoul," the reflection that

foretells age and self-alienation.Sheila insists on a strange mas-querade: as "Sherrill Ann" and"Mary Beth," the two women cruisethe local bars and bowling alleys,flirting with men as a form of dan-gerous recreation. The gesturesand symbols that have been sonatural, beneficial, and welcome--phone calls, gifts, concern overeach other’s health--become partof a dark shroud of possessivenessand, it seems, romantic jealousyand expectation.

A reader new to Joyce CarolOates will find this a quick andengrossing novel. And any Oatesadmirer will certainly want to knowthe direction her multifarious tal-ents have taken lately.

SKETCHBOOK: A MEMOIR OF THE1930S AND THE NORTHWESTSCHOOLBY WILLIAM CUMMINGUNI VERSI TY OF WASHING TONPRESS, 1984, $16. 95, 288 PP.Reviewed by Andrea Brisben

Soggy Seattle is an unlikelynursery of the arts, yet its inhabit-ants admire the city’s spectacularsetting on rare sunny days with analmost Japanese intensity. It hoststhe hemisphere’s only Wagner fes-tival, and its museums have exten-sive collections of the area’ssuperb Native American art andalso of the paintings of the modernNorthwest School which are theprincipal subject of this memoir byWilliam Cumming.

Those who follow the enthusi-asms of the New York art worldmay remember that the NorthwestSchool was very big nearly fortyyears ago some time between thefall of Social Realism and the riseof Abstract Expression. Those whosensibly ignore critical ephemeramay know that Seattle painters ofthe 1940s and later like Mark]obey, Morris 6raves, and KennethCallahan did very good work of akind which did not derive directlyfrom Paris or New York and whichmade original use of influences asdiverse as Oriental calligraphy andMexican frescos.

William Cumming, youngestmember of this amorphous group

and one who missed much of itsheyday through a combination of illhealth and political blacklisting,tells much about its origins and thesocial conditions of that time.Since he recovered from tuberculo-sis and the consequences of hisonetime Stalinism in the late 1950s,Cumming has had a notable careeras a painter and teacher, but heregards the heady days of WPA artprojects when he and his friendswere discovering their distinctivestyles as the most important in hislife.

The book is badly organized,badly written, and full of irritatingomissions, but it is neverthelessfascinating. Cumming is an expertwitness to a unique period, frankabout his own lapses and evenmore frank about those of others.Those who want to find out moreabout the lively artists andBohemians of Seattle will enjoy it.

THE GHOSTWAYBY TONY HILLERHARPER AND ROW, 213 PP.Reviewed by Peter Wiley

In a recent Newsweek featureon mystery writers, Tony Hiller-man, described as a regional wri-ter, merited less than a sentence.Hillerman, it wasn’t noted, wasalso the winner in 1974 of the pres-tigious Edgar Award for the bestmystery writer of the year for hisDance Hall of the Dead, whichbrought Lieutenant Jim Leaphornof the Navajo Tribal Police to theZuni Reservation in New Mexico tosolve a double murder.

Easterners who write about theEast are not regional writers.Westerners who write about theWest, and specifically inHillerman’s case the Indian countryof the Hopis, Navajos, and Zunis,are. Hillerman’s books in fact aremore than mere mysteries. Theyare subtle discourses on Navajoreligion and on the perilous sus-pension between the world of thewhite man and the Indian expe-rienced by all modern Indians. Inthis manner, Hillerman’s books gobeyond mere entertainment,becoming an innovative form ofanthropology.

SUNSTONE 45

In his latest book, The Ghost-way, we find Leaphorn gingerlyinfringing on FBI territory to solvethe murders of an un-NavajoNavajo and old Navajo grand-father. Leaphorn’s efforts take himto Los Angeles and involve him inan extended meditation on Navajobeliefs about death, death rituals,and ghosts and on the impact ofurban living on displaced Navajos.

On another level, as in earlierbooks, Leaphorn is also mullingover his own future. He has appliedto the FBI with the encouragementof his white girlfriend and nowmust resolve the question of hiscareer. Should he remain amonghis own people and pursue hisquest to become a Navajo shamanor should he head out into thewhite world which has brought somany problems to his homeland?

Reading one Hillerman mysterycan be addictive. One trip to theworld of Four Corners is neverquite enough.

THE POLITICAL PRESIDENCYB Y BARBARA KELLERMANOXFORD UNI VERSl TY PRESS,1984, $22.50, 256 PP.Reviewed by Brad Hainsworth

This excellent book is very muchin the genre of Richard Newstadt’s1960 classic, Presidential Power,and is a useful contribution to theliterature of the Presidency. Specifi-cally, the author deals with theproblem of presidential politicalleadership, a factor that in Americais difficult at best to understandand at times impossible.

The book is divided into twoparts. Part one deals with theoreti-cal questions; part two deals withthe practice of presidential politicalleadership. The leadership qualitiesof our last six presidents areexamined.

The author argues with scholar-ship and conviction that our moreeffective presidents, those whoaccomplished to a reasonabledegree that which they set out toattain, were confronted with thenecessity of successfully achievingfour essential tasks: assembling acompetent and committed team;directing that team in the de-velopment and implementation of

desired public policy; creating afavorable national climate; andinfluer~cing the nation’s politicalelite in a two-way relationship ofinfluer~ce.

Those recent presidents whohave been most successful wereLyndon Johnson and RonaldReagan (the quintes:~ential exam-ple). Both, possessed of outgoing,responsive personaliities, havebeen u~niquely skillful in politicallyforging majorities and building coa-litions where none existed. Theauthor discusses in some detail thebudget cuts achieved by PresidentReagan early in his presidency. Themost recent example, of course,was his ability to secure a con-gressional consensus on the MXmissile. He is likely to achieve thesame success in issues relating toCentral America, where no consen-sus presently appears to exist.

Because political leadership inAmerica is difficult at best, "politi-cal presidents will under any cir-cumstances have an~ inestimableadva~tage: the capacity for over-coming in others the resistance tofollowership."

LOSING GROUNDBY CHARLES MURRA YBASIC BOOKS, 1984,$23.95, 323 PP.Reviewed by Peter Wild

In many ways, ours is a curioussociety. We claim that everyone isequal, while insisting that eachperson is special. We moon aboutpeople starving overseas, thenencourage our farmers to grow lessfood. At the same time that weboast about our splendid naturalscenery, we applau,rl the paving ofthe earth as a sign of progress.Whe~ someone focuses the harshlight of analysis on this tangle ofdearly held yet sometimes shiftingsets of double standards, oftenthey melt away. Then we see thedisturbing realities behind them.

This Charles Murray doesaccording to his own lights with hisstudy of poverty in the UnitedStates during the decades between1950 and 1980. He begins with thearresting observation that thirtyyears ago poverty hardly existed in

the nation. Or rather, because poorpeople did not garner the headline-grabbing attention they do today,for many purposes they might justas well not have been there.

That is a striki~ng enough com-ment in itself on the caprices ofpublic perception. The stingercomes in Murray’s developingthesis, though, when he turns hisbeam on the progress we’ve madein healing this recently discoveredsocial wound. Back in 1968 whenLyndon Johnsop~’s "War onPoverty" was in full swing, theproportion of American poor stoodat thirteen percent. Today, the fig-ure remains the same. The politi-cians and other social architects,maintains Murray, not only havefailed in dealing with the problem,they’ve wasted billions of dollarswhile hoodwinking themselves andus in the process.

To go back to my opening sent-ences, Murray places much of thefault for such blunders on~ publicattitudes. In the tumult of the1960s, poverty no longer ,carried astigma: the system, not the indi-vidual, took the blame. Guilt-ridden, middle-class taxpayershurled money at social problems.

The reader who detects that thissounds pretty much like the pres-ent administration’s standard anal-ysis of our sociological thrashingsis correct. Yet Murray, apparentlyno heartless ogre, begs us to putaside political ideologies and facethe facts as he presents them. Upto now, he argues, we’ve been"kidding" ourselves, and in theprocess we’ve perpetuated povertyby rewarding failure.

Are we, then, to let the poorstarve in the streets? That’s thetough question: How to be botheffective and humane? Murray’sfairly brief section on solutionsglides into sloganeering. But up tothen he has made a case that achange is in order. In the past, theflood of money has done more tosalve our consciences than to helpthe poor. And that, he concludes, isits own brand of discrimination.

46 SUNSTONE

A:nnouncing the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of theMormon History Association

May 1-4, 1986, Westin Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City44 Sessions ¯ 152 Participants

Including:

PANEL ¯ The Document Diggers and Their DiscoveriesDISCUSSIONS ¯ Mormons and the Ghost Dance

¯ Dissident RLDS¯ Home Medicine among Nineteenth-century Mormons¯ Writing History Well

PAPERS ¯ Assessment of Recent LDS Scholarship on Folk Magic¯ Mormon Women--Other Women: Paradoxes and Challenges¯ Three Episodes in the History of Utah Furniture

MUSIC ¯ A Musical Day in the Life of a Nineteenth-century Latter-day Saint¯ Old and New LDS and RLDS Hymns (including congregational singing)¯ Sunday morning program in the Assembly Hall with music arranged by

Scott and Susan Kenney

GUIDEDTOURS

¯ LDS Museum of Church History and Art¯ Historic Churches and Meeting Houses in Salt Lake City¯ Deseret Village - Pioneer Trails State Park¯ Pioneer Trails entering the Salt Lake Valley

For registration information, contact:Jessie L. Embry, secretary-treasurer, M HA

P.O. Box 7010 ¯ Provo, Utah 84602

CLASSIFIED AO$ are 35¢ a word, paid in advance, witha ten-word minimum. For a schedule of regular adrates and further information, write to Sunstonemagazine, 59 West 100 South, Salt Lake City, UT84101, or call (801) 355-5926.

MORMON MISCELLANEOUS REPRINTS now avail-able. 1. "Spaulding Manuscript Theory Then andNow" by Lester Bush; 2. "The Writing of JosephSmith’s History" by Dean Jessee; 3. "The EarlyAccounts of Joseph Smith’s First Vision" by DeanJessee; 4. "How to Study the Bible" by J. R.Dummelow; 5. "The Translators to the Reader" bytranslators of the KJV. To order, send $1.50 each plus50¢ postage to Mormon Miscellaneous, 8865 South1300 East, Sandy, UT 84092.

SKETCHING WITH A TECHNICAL PEN by Merle H.Graffam 32 pages of pen and ink illustrations withnotes on technique. $5.00 postpaid. GRAFFAMGRAPHICS, P.O. Box 2234, Palm Desert, CA 92261.

EXTENSIVE MORMON LIBRARY--Standard, fundamen-talist, and anti-Mormon collection. Five-page index.P.O. Box 187, Montrose, CA 91020.

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LDSF: MORMON SCIENCE FICTION, $4.95; Animals andthe Gospel, $2.00. Scott Smith, 2455 Calle Roble,Thousand Oaks, CA 91360.

MORMON MISCELLANEOUS NOTECARDS, an expandingcollection of notes, comments, and references tocover the entire history of Mormondom, standardworks, noncanonical writings, gleanings from earlyChristian writers and recent biblical scholars. Serieswill include contributions from the files of manyMormon scholars and researchers on topics of his-tory, doctrine, polemics, statistics, current events,Mormon, non-Mormon, anti-Mormon--in short, allsubjects from any source (both published and un-published) in any way related to Mormonism. Note-cards will be published in sets of 100 4x6 cards at$6.00 per set. 800-1200 notecards will be publishedper year. First two sets now available. To order, send$6.00 to Mormon Miscellaneous, 1433 East 9175South, Sandy, UT 84092.

"SELECTED MANIFESTATIONS"--AII Temple DedicatoryPrayers and nearly All Church Revelations not in theD&C in ONE BOOK!! Call (415) 339-9674 or send SASE:Sister Reay, c/o 4770 Lincoln Avenue, Oakland, CA94602.

COMMUNITY SERVICES COUNCIL. Our effort is to helplow income, elderly, & handicapped people live inde-pendently. Retired craftsmen-painters, plumbers,carpenters, etc.--or anyone else interested. A rood-est wage is negotiable. Call Lowell Bennion or TedKeefer at 486-2136.212 West 1300 So., SLC, UT 84115.

USED/BARE LDS BOOKS for sale. FREE UPDATED LIST.We buy & sell. Book Connection, P.O. Box 1, Provo,Utah 84603.

THE JOHN TAYLOR PAPERS give his inside story of thehalf century of war between the Saints and the out-side world. The last pioneer tells it like it was.Volume I, The Apostle, $11.95. Volume II, The Presi-dent, $13.95. Plus $,1 for each. Samuel W. Taylor,1954 Stockbridge Ave., Redwood City, CA 94061.

SALT LAKE SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS MINUTE BOOK. 80pages, illustrated. $5.00 postpaid. GRAFFAMGRAPHICS, P.O. Box 2234, Palm Desert, CA 92261.

THE BOOK VAULT, Crossroads Plaza, 50 South Main,SLC, UT 84144. ([801] 364-8051.) A unique generalbookstore, we offer discounted best sellers and awide range of good books--including Women’s andWestern Americana. We welcome special orders andboast of our quarterly newsletter.

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PRIVATE COLLECTION.- 19th Century Mormon Prints,Books and Post Cards as well as large standardMormon library--for sale. Call Robert Christian (215)349-8059, or write, 406 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA19104.

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LDS PROFESSIONAL MAN, 49, 6’4", 240 Ibs., B.A., M.A.~inveterate reader with eclectic interests seeks a tallattractive, sensitive, affectionate, good-figuredprofessional female 30-40. Someone who cravesmeaningful dialogue and communication, as I do.Prefer never married, but will respond to all. Pleasesend photo, phone, will return. (Southern Californiaarea.) Reply to Box S-031.

VAVAVAVOOM! Young at 40. Great lady, single parentseeks sophisticated male 30-45 for good times, excit-ing travel, and warm talks. Must be emotionallymature. ~hould like kids but must like me. Prefershare my interest in the arts. (Salt Lake area.) Replyto Box S-022.

MALE, 45, divorced, Ph.D. Mostly normal, sometimescrazy, but always caring. Looking for an open andhonest, independent, professional woman who hasalmost worked through the guilt maze. Willing togive lots of space. Smotherino not wanted. I get to dohalf of the cooking and you most of the driving.Southern Utah camping, fishing in Idaho and nopolyester part of any deal. (Salt Lake, Provo,Otlden area.) Reply to Box S-011.

MALE ASCETIC, 31, 5’3", who is willing to relinquishhis vows of celibacy for the rioht SpirituallyMaturated Maiden. I am a former Green Beret whohas found peace in Prayer, Scholarship, and the Loveof Truth. Resume, Polygraph, & Photo upon request.(Southern California area.) Reply to Box S-046.

SUNSTONE 47

1985SUNSTONE THEOLOGICAL

SYMPOSIUM

AUGUST 21-24, 1985Westin Hotel Utah

Salt Lake City

ACCOUNT NUMBER85319

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Plenary Session: The Search for Buried Treasure in Mormon History(this session presented on 2 cassettes- $13.00)Keeping Others in Debt: Intolerance Inside MormonismFasting and Food, Not Weapons: A Mormon Response to ConflictThe Worst Job in the Church: A Humorous Look at Church Athletics"It’s Not True, But It’s Accurate": Personal Experience Versus Historical ReportingPlenary Session: Mormonism as a World Movement"Go Ye Into all the World": To Convert or to Serve?The Platinum Questions: What Do You Know Al:)ou’; Physics’ New Superforce? Shouldn’t You KnowMore?/Mormon CosmologyDale Morgan and Mormon HistoryScriptural Horror and the Divine Will/Divine Commands and MoralityTheologies of Social Change: The Personaliam of the Mormons and the Catholic Workers/WhateverHappened to Welfare?The Faith-Works Relationship for Joseph Smith in Paul’s Roman LetterRevelation and the Reasonable Man: When Does a Brighl Light Blind?The 8ook of Abraham: Toward a Comprehensive TheoryMormonism and the Process of GraceThe Truth 24 Times a Second? Structural Analys s o1 Man’s Search for Happiness, The FirstVision, and the Restoration of the PriesthoodWhen Mormons Talk to God in Public: Questions About the Liturgy of Prayers with an AudiencePerceptions of Life and Religion: Comedy, Tragedy, Irony or RomanceMormonism as a "Cult": The Limits of Lexical PolemicsAlcohol, Sex and Grooming at Brigham Young Ur~iversity, 1875-1985Legal Sanctions on Immoral Behavior: Some Practical Observations on Legislating MoralityODes God Intervene in our Lives?The Social Legal and Economic Costs of Religious Paternalism and Female DependencyCultures in Conflict Within MormonismMedical Ethics: The Life IssuesWhat It Means to be a ProphetPlenary Session: Pillars of my Faith(this session presented on 2 cassettes- $13.00)Mormon Theatre in the 80’s: Exit Stage LeftConfounding the Wise with the Arm of Flesh: External Evidence and Mormon ScripturesCorrecting Misconceptions about Women in the Mormon ChurchThe Beautiful and the Darned: A Meditation on Pop Music and MoralityBalanc=ng Career and Family: Trends for the FutureChanged Faces: Official LDS Positions on Polygamy, 1890-1980Sex and the Divine ImageDrinking Deep of the the Pierian Spring: Personal Reactions to the Conflicts of Faith and StudySocial Science and Mormonism: Current Theorelical and Empirical DirectionsWhy Do Violins Have Wings? The Connection Between Marc Chagall’s Art and Philosophy/WilliamBlake and the Poet-ChristianA Pseudepigraphical Approach to the Book of MormonFranchising the Faith: The Evolution of the Ward as a CommunityWar Against the Gods (Excerpts from a Novel in Progress)Was the Book of Mormon Buried with King Follett?Nephi, Seer of Modern Times: The Home Literature and Novels or Nephz AndersonAfter Sonia: New Directions for Women and the ChurchThe New Psychobiology and Moral ResponsibilityWho Speaks for God? Religious Thinkers Examine the Question of AuthorityScreening and [~scu~ of Living the Principle: A New Documentary on Nineteenth-Century PolygamyPlenary Session: Mormon Megatrends(this session presented on 2 cassettes- $13.00)Leaning Toward Infallibility: Models of Mormon Authority

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The Swearing EldersUnderstandinq How We Come to Understand: A Look at the Holy{Jnarlty, Perfection, and MormonismMormon Artists Playing It Safe: The Lure of Bland PassionPerfection: An Analysis, Critique, and AlternativeGlossolalia: A Spiritual Gift Lost From the LDS ChurchIs It Always Sinful To Wage War?Are Yo~J What You Read? The Implied Reader in Church and Quasi..Church PublicationsGetting in the Last Word: The Book of Job as a Grief RitualOn The Validity and Import of the Joseph Smith Money-Digging Letters/The Seer, The Key, and theTreasu~’eThe Obedience DilemmaThe Conflict Between Science and Religion: Reflections of a Geologist/Mormonism and CreationismOf Gods, Men and Devils: Eternal Progression and the Second Death in the Theology of BrighamYoung/The Origins of Man’s ,(;pirit in Early Mormon ThoughtThe International Church: Challenges and 0ilemmasFilms, Teens, and Morality: An LDS Look at the Movie Rating SystemDo You Teach the Orthodox Religion? Implications of the Liberal AgendaWhen Temple Marriage Fails: Ruminations of a Divorce AttorneyPlenary’ Session: The Forgotten Brothers of JesusSex and the Single MormonMedical Ethics: Questions for our TimeThe Development of RLDS TheologySouth Africa, Apartheid, and MormonismBeyoncl Orthodoxy: Joseph Smith’s Amplified Doctrine of GraceThe Book of Mormon as the Word of God: Foundations of a Theology of Scripture

__.85319-1299 C,,3MPLETE SET 1985 StJNSTONE CASSETTES - $428.50(Includes 10 FREE cassettes and 7 custom storage albumsi)

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