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TRANSCRIPT
Conductivity (k- Value) I e,S,.A;=J'~jil'
O~J wl~o~WIlJA ~L....a O~J J)b. (~j O~J ~ ~lbll J\.lll})o)yJI Jt:Ul}J~
(' /wl)1 O~~ (Ylt:9:iJo~WI~ ~ o~IJ ~j1..a4.J~Jjj ~WA u~ ~ ~Lw:
.(W/m degC) ~j1..a4.J~
Resistivity (11k) I ~JtpJ' ~",\Ll'
/ ~j1..a4.J~('o~~ (Ylt:9:iJ(Thermal Conductivity) ~)yJI ~jill yfo ~.(m degC /W) wlJ
Conductance (Q~ o)yJI w4-.J~J.) u~ l.a~ ~I lJA ~L....a O~J J)b. o)yJI Jh:i J~
.(W/m2degC) ~j1..a4.J~2('/ wl)1 o~~ (Yl~Jo~IJ 4.J~.:Ir b",
Resistance (B)_---.;,/--'-~_ft".:.... '_' ....:~;;::;J...;::,J;...."_" _~.....;",:..lL_" o.l_'
wlJ /~j1..a4.J~2('o~~ (Ylt:9:iJ~)yJI .u~l.a.u.aJ~~ ~I ~Lw: y~ ~b
.(m2 degC / W )
Transmittance (U-Value)
(WI I _.II~ 'I I.:.1.l11I _.1\ ~. ) - ... - II ~I ~ I .- II~ t:iJI w J.~.~ .J ~ -'<i'"' • '-5"'. ~ ~ -'<i'"' • (JA ~.. ...J ...Y""'" J . y->
.(W/m2 degC) ~j1..a4.J~2('/ wl)1 o~~ (Ylt:9:iJ
Heat I 0.;'-.rJ'~uu ..c w6.. ,,":' i, Io~WIwt.1J· 4.5. . ~ .. 1:.-: 4.i\.1J1J~\' \(' :..... JJtt-> • yo ~ ~ J ..y::....?- '-:r ~ UA ~
.(J) ~ j.a~J (Joules) J~I o~~ (.)IltAiJ tl..;ill ~ Jii'''';
CAL = 4186.80 J BTH = 1055.06 J
~ecific Heat I ~~, 0.;'-.rJ'~/ J~I o~~ (.)IltAiJ o~IJ 4.J~J).~o~WI4J:iSo~J~) 4...oj)u1o)yJl ~
.(J/m3 degC) ~~ 4.J~3~ / J~I o~~ ~\ (.)IltAiJ (J/kg degC) ~~ 4.J~
Latent Heat
0.a) 4.t~ ~J o.l.a4-0.a 4..JJ6.. ~ l..a~ o~WI0.a4J:iSO~J ~~ ~I o)yJl ~
.(J/kg) ~/J~I o~~ (.)IltAiJ o~WIo)...?-4.J~~ ~ wJ~ ~j~ ~J 4.t~
ThermaICap~ac~i~ty~~/_~~~.;~'.;~,_l'_O~,;_~_'~) 4...oj)u1o)yJl ~\ ~ W~J 41 ~~I o)yJl ~ o~WI4J:iSyy.Q ~\..j ~
. (J/ degC) ~~ 4.J~/ J~\ O~y. (.)IltAiJ o~IJ ~~ 4.J~~I o)...?-4.J~
Rate of Heat Flow
w~l..a J\ (I/s) ¥c; / J~I o~~ (.)IltAiJ ~j O~J J~ o)yJl o- ~ JtlllJ ~
(Watt) wl)1 o~~
Appendix 5.1Conductivity and resistivity of some materials
conductivityk .
W/mdegC
resistivityl/k
mdegC/W
Asbestos: loosesprayed
Asbestos cement sheet: lightaveragedense
0·0340·0460·2160·3600·5760·576Asphalt
Brickwork commons: lightaveragedense
in lightweight bricksin engineering bricks
0·8061 ·2101-4700·3741-150
Concrete: ordinary, denseclinker aggregateexpanded clay aggregatefoamed slag aggregate
1-4400·4030·3450·245
I
Cork slab: naturalregranulated, baked
Eel grass blanketGlass-wool: quilt
blanket
0·0430·0390·0430·0340·042
Mineral wool: feltrigid slab
Onozote (expanded ebonite)
0·0370·0490·029
Plasterboard, gypsumPlastering: gypsum
vermiculite
0·1590-4610·201
PlywoodPolystyrene foam slabRendering, sand-cement
0·1380·0330·532
Stone: granitelimestonesandstone
2·9201·5301·295
StrawboardTimber: softwood
hardwood
0·0930·1380·160
Wood chipboardWood fibre softboardWood wool slab: light
dense
0·1080·0650·0820·115
Metals: leadcast-ironsteelbronzezincaluminiumcoppersilver
34505864
110220350407
AirWater
0·0260·580
38-451·72
29-4021·75
4·632·781·741·74
1·240·830·682'680·87
0·692·482·904·08
23·2025·6023·2029·4023·80
27·0020-4034·50
6·332·174·98
7·2530·30
1·88
0·340·650·77
10·757·256·25
9·2615·3812·20
8·70
0·02940·02000·01720·01560·00910·00450·00290·0024
285
Appendix 5.2Surface conductances and resistances *
surfaceconductance resistance
f 1IfW/m2degC m2degC/W
8·12 0·1239-48 0·1056·70 0·1499·48 0·105
7·78 0·12810·00 0·10013·18 0·076
10·00 0·10013·18 0·07618·90 0·053
13·18 0·07618·90 0·05331·50 0·032
13·18 0·07618·90 0·05381·20 0·012
14·20 0·07022·70 0·04456·70 0·018
Internal surfaces (fi):
WallsFloor, ceiling, heat flow upFloor, ceiling, heat flow downUnderside of roof
External surfaces (to):Walls, South facing: sheltered
normalsevere exposure
Walls, West, Southwest, Southeast facing shelterednormalsevere exposure
Walls, Northwest facing: shelterednormalsevere exposure
Walls, North, Northeast. East. facing: shelterednormalsevere exposure
Roofs: shelterednormalsevere exposure
Appendix 5.3Surface conductance as a function of wind speed
80UOJCD-0
N
E 60~enoc(g-o::J 40-0C0oCDo(g't::J 20CJ)
I vV'V I7V- I/
V VV V
/ 1/
I/~ V1./ V
./ V ~ ~
)/ ~~ V e- f:..?V1.---- ~ V
!/ t;;Vi.", VV VV ~ .....y VV
V ~~ E;V ~v~ v I
~~ ~ V
L,./
~V
Stucco
Brick, rendered
Concrete
Smooth plasterWood (pine)Glass,white paint
oo 126 8 10 14 m/s2 4
• See note at end of Para 3.1.12 on Page 72.
Appendix 5.4Transmittance (V-value) of some constructions (in W/m2degC)
287
Type of construction
WallsBrick: solid, unplastered 114 mm
plastered both sides 114 mmsolid, unplastered 228 mmplastered both sides 228 mm
Concrete, ordinary, dense: 152 mm203 mm
Stone, medium, porous: 305 mm457 mm
Brick, 280 mm cavity, fletton outer skin, commons inner, inside plasteredBrick with insulating boards, plastered:
25 mm corkboard13 mm fibre board50 mm wood wool slab
Brick but 16 mm vermiculite plaster on inside
Brick but rigid boards on battens on inside:13 mm asbestos board13 mm fibreboard50 mm strawboard, plastered
Brick but inner skin lightweight concrete blocks:100 mm aerated concrete blocks100 mm clinker concrete blocks
<Concrete block, cavity, 250 mm(100 +50 +100). outside rendered, insideplastered:
aerated concrete blocksclinker concrete blocks
Hollow concrete block, 228 rnrn. single skin, outside rendered, inside plastered:aerated con-crete blocksclinker concrete blocks
Corrugated asbestos cement sheets on steel frame+ 13 mm fibreboard+50 mm straw or wood wool slab+ 76 mm aerated concrete blocks
Roofs, pitchedCorrugated asbestos cement sheets
+ 13 mm timber boarding+50 mm straw or wood wool slab+25 mm quilt on 13 mm boarding
Corrugated iron sheets or tiles on battens+plaster ceiling
Tiles or slates on boarding and felt with plaster ceiling
Aluminium deck, 13 mm fibreboard with two layers bituminous feltAluminium deck, 50 mm straw or wood wool slab
Roofs, flatReinforced concrete slab, 100 mm, screed 63-12 rnm. 3 layers bituminous feltAs above - with insulation on the screed:
25 mm cork50 mm straw or wood wool slabtwo 12 mm fibre boards
As above - but lightweight screed (in lieu of normal):
3-643-242-672-44
3-583-18
2-842-27
1 -70
0-85_1-190-85
1-47
1-190-950-74
1-131 -30
1-191-08
1-701 -59
6-532-041-192-10 r=-:
7-952-161-250-85
8-523-18
1-70
2-161-25
3-35
1-081-131-25
288Type of construction
127 mm to 76 mm aerated concrete127 mm to 76 mm foamed slag concrete
1·361-47
Timber boarding, 25 mm on 178 mm joists with 3 layers bituminousfelt, plaster ceiling
As above - with insulating slabs on boarding:25 mm cork13 mm fibre board50 mm straw or wood wool slab
1·82
0·851·250·91
FloorsConcrete on ground or hardcore fill
+grano, terrazzo or tile finish+wood.block finish
Timber board on joists, underiloor space ventilated on one side+parquet, Iino or rubber finish
1·131-130·851·701-42
Timber board on joists, underiloor space ventilated on more sides+parquet, lino or rubber finish+25 mm fibreboard under boarding+25 mm corkboard under boarding+25 mm corkboard under joists+50 mm straw board under joists+double sided aluminium foil, draped
2·271·981·080·950·790·851-42
Windows· .Exposure South, sheltered: single glazing
double glazing, 6 mm spacedouble glazing 20 mm space
3·972·672·32
South normal. West, Southwest, Southeast sheltered:single glazing 4-48double glazing, 6 mm space 2·90double glazing, 20 mm space 2·50
South severe, West, Southwest, Southeast, normal or Northwest, North,Northeast, East sheltered:
single glazing 5·00double glazing, 6 mm space 3·06double glazing, 20 mm space 2·67
West, Southwest, Southeast severe, Northwest, North, Northeast, East normal:single glazing 5·67double glazing, 6 mm space 3·29double glazing, 20 mm space 2·84
Exposure Northwest severe: single glazingdouble glazing, 6 mm spacedouble glazing, 20 mm space
6·473·583·00
Exposure North severe: single glazingdouble glazing, 6 mm spacedouble glazing, 20 mm space
7·383·803·18
* Window U-values are based on data in Appendix 5.2.See note in Para 3.1.12 on Page 72.
Appendix 5.5Conductance and resistance of cavities
conductance resistancecavity Rc 1/Rc
W/m2degC m2degC/W
Vertical: 3 mm wide 14-50 0-0696 mm wide 8-74 0-114
13 mm wide 7-04 0-14220 mm wide 6-63 0-15125 mm wide 6-52 0-15338 mm wide 6-52 0-153
Horizontal 76 mm: heat flow up 7A8 0-133heat flow down 5-32 0-188
Values normally used in UK for:50 mm cavity 5-67 0-17650 mm cavity, with aluminium foil 2-84 0-352
Appendix 5.6Absorbance and emittance of surfaces
surfaceabsorbance a and e
for solar 10 to 40radiation 'C
0-85-0-98 0-90-0'980·65-0·80 0·85-0·950'50-0-70 0·85-0·95
0·30-0·50 0·40-0·60Transparent 0·90-0·950·30-0·50 OAO-O-60
0·40-0·65 0·20-0·300·30-0·50 0·02-0·050·10-0·40 0·02-0·04
Black, non-metallicRed brick, stone, tileYellow and buff brick, stone
Cream brick, tile, plasterWindow glassBright aluminium, gilt, bronze
Dull brass, aluminium, galvanised steelPolished brass, copperPolished aluminium, chromium
289
o
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on
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r Id~l~1 IVVood woo ~~~~~~Concrete
Cavity
Brick
OUT (To)
Surface
Plaster
Wood wool
Concrete
Cavity
Brick
Surface
!I ! I
t Hi
uoo('.J
uoo
• •
~uCJ)Q)u~
I N
Er0-o6II
EE. .<l)-coo(f)
Appendix 5.2Surface conductances and resistances *
Roofs: shelterednormalsevere exposure
conductance resistancef 1 If
W/m2degC m2degC/W
8·12 0·1239·48 0·105670 0·1499·48 0105
7·78 0·12810·00 0·10013·18 0·076
1000 0·10013·18 0·07618·90 0·053
13·18 0·07618·90 0·05331·50 0·032
13·18 0·07618·90 0·05381·20 0·012
1420 0·07022·70 0·04456·70 0·018
surface
Internal surfaces (fJ:.WallsFloor, ceiling, heat flow upFloor, ceiling, heat flow downUnderside of roof
External surfaces (fo):Walls, South facing: sheltered
normalsevere exposure
Walls, West, Southwest. Southeast facing shelterednormalsevere exposure
Walls, Northwest facing: shelterednormalsevere exposure
Walls, North, Northeast, East. facing: shelterednormalsevere exposure
Appendix 5.3Surface conductance as a function of wind speed
80UC>Q)"0
N
E 60~CDoc('(I•..o::l 40"0c0oQ)c~::l 20(f)
I VijII
-1 V V1/ V/Vj-VVVv
/ ! 1/I
V~
V l-:::'/ /' ~
/V r;Vv I t:/ e>V~./
,..,.'v ......./
VV
~V "VvI V
~,/ V ~...
~~
v_ .....V V V I
~ ~-::::~ .~V I I
~~ f:5V
v r I~ I~V
I
Stucco
Brick, rendered
Concrete
Smooth plasterWood (pine)Glass,white paint
oo 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 rn/s
• See note at end of Para 3.1.12 on Page 72.
Appendix 5.4 287Transmittance (V-value) of some constructions (in W/m2degC)
Type of construction
WallsBrick: solid. unplastered 114 mm
plastered both sides 114 mmsolid. unplastered 228 mmplastered both sides 228 mm
3·643·242·672·44
3·583·18
2·842·27
1·70
0·851·190·85
1·47r"-,
1·190·950·74
1·131·30
Concrete. ordinary. dense: 152 mm203 mm
Stone. medium. porous: 305 mm457 mm
Brick. 280 mm cavity. fletton outer skin. commons inner. inside plasteredBrick with insulating boards. plastered:
25 mm corkboard13 mm fibreboard50 mm wood wool slab
Brick but 16 mm vermiculite plaster on inside
Brick but rigid boards on battens on inside:13 mm asbestos board13 mm fibreboard50 mm strawboard. plastered
Brick but inner skin lightweight concrete blocks:100 mm aerated concrete blocks100 mm clinker concrete blocks
Concrete block. cavity. 250 mm (100 + 50 + 100). outside rendered. insideplastered:
aerated concrete blocks 1·19clinker concrete blocks 1·08
Hollow concrete block. 228 mm. single skin. outside rendered. inside plastered:aerated concrete blocks 1·70clinker concrete blocks 1 ·59
Corrugated asbestos cement sheets on steel frame 6·53+ 13 mm fibreboard 2·04+ 50 mm straw or wood wool slab 1·19+ 76 mm aerated concrete blocks 2·10
Roofs. pitchedCorrugated asbestos cement sheets 7·95
+ 13 rum-timber boarding 2·16+ 50 mm straw or wood wool slab 1·25+25 mm quilt on 13 mm boarding 0·85
Corrugated iron sheets or tiles on battens 8·52+plaster ceiling 3·18
Tiles or slates on boarding and felt with plaster ceiling 1·70
Aluminium deck. 13 mm fibreboard with two layers bituminous felt 2·16Aluminium deck. 50 mm straw or wood wool slab 1·25
Roofs. flatReinforced concrete slab. 100 mm. screed 63-12 mm. 3 layers bituminous felt 3·35As above - with insulation on the screed:
25 mm cork 1 ·0850 mm straw or wood wool slab 1·13two 12 mm fibreboards 1·25
As above - but lightweight screed (in lieu of normal):
Type of construction
127 mm to 76 mm aerated concrete127 mm to 76 mm foamed slag concrete
1·361·47
Timber boarding. 25 mm on 178 mm joists with 3 layers bituminousfelt. plaster ceiling
As above - with insulating slabs on boarding:25 mm cork13 mm fibreboard50 mm straw or wood wool slab
1·82
0851 ·250·91
FloorsConcrete on ground or hardcore fill
+grano. terrazzo or tile finish+wood block finish
Timber board on joists. underfloor space ventilated on one side+parquet, lino or rubber finish
1·131·130851·701·42
Timber board on joists. underfloor space ventilated on mo... sides+parquet. lino or rubber finish+25 mm fibreboard under boarding+25 mm corkboard under boarding+25 mm corkboard under joists+50 mm strawboard under joists+double sided aluminium foil. draped
2·27',981·080·950·790·851·42
windows"Exposure South. sheltered: single glazing
double glazing. 6 mm spacedouble glazing 20 mm space
3·972·672·32
South normal. West. Southwest. Southeast sheltered:single glazingdouble glazing. 6 mm spacedouble glazing. 20 mm space
4·482·902'50
South severe. West. Southwest, Southeast, normal or Northwest. North.Northeast. East sheltered:
single glazingdouble glazing. 6 mm spacedouble glazing. 20 mm space
5·00,3·06
2·67
West. Southwest. Southeast severe. Northwest. North. Northeast, East normal:single glazingdouble glazing. 6 mm spacedouble glazing. 20 mm space
5·673·292·84
Exposure Northwest severe: single glazingdouble glazing. 6 mm spacedouble glazing. 20 mm space
6·473·583·00
Exposure North severe: single glazingdouble glazing. 6 mm spacedouble glazing. 20 mm space
7·383·803·18
• Window U -values are based on data in Appendix 5.2. See note in Para 3.1.12 on Page 72.
Appendix 5.5 289Conductance and resistance of cavities
conductance resistancecavity Rc liRe
W/m2degC m2degC/W
Vertical: 3 mm wide 14·50 0·0696 mm wide 8·74 0·114
13 mm wide 7·04 0·14220 mm wide 6·63 0·15125 mm wide 6·52 0·15338 mm wide 6·52 0·153
Horizontal 76 mm: heat flow up 7·48 0·133heat flow down 5·32 0·188
Values normally used in UK for:50 mm cavity 5·67 0·17650 mm cavity, with aluminium foil 2·84 0·352
Appendix 5.6Absorbance and emittance of surfaces
absorbance a and esurface for solar 10 to 40
radiation ·C
Black. non-metallic 0·85-0·98 0·90-0·98Red brick. stone. tile 0·65-0·80 0·85-0·95Yellow and buff brick. stone 0·50-0·70 0·85-0·95 ..Cream brick. tile. plaster 0·30-0·50 0·40-0·60Window glass Transparent 0·90-0·95Bright aluminium. gilt. bronze 0·30-0·50 0·40-0·60
~Dull brass. aluminium. galvanised steel 0·40-0·65 0·20-0·30Polished brass. copper 0·30-0·50 0·02-0·05Polished aluminium. chromium 0·10-0-40 0·02-0·04
conductivity resistivityk 1/k
W/mdegC mdegC/W
Asbestos: loose 0·034 29-40sprayed 0·046 21'75
Asbestos cement sheet: light 0·216 4·63average 0·360 2·78dense 0·576 1·74
Asphalt 0·576 1·74
Brickwork commons: light 0·806 1·24average 1·210 0·83dense 1-470 0·68
in lightweight bricks 0·374 2·68in engineering bricks 1·150 0·87
Concrete: ordinary, dense 1·440 0·69clinker aggregate 0·403 2-48expanded clay aggregate 0·345 2·90foamed slag aggregate 0·245 4·08
Cork slab: natural 0·043 23·20regranulated, baked 0·039 25·60
Eel grass blanket 0·043 23·20Glass-wool: quilt 0·034 29-40
blanket 0·042 23·80 .r---..
Mineral wool: felt 0·037 27·00rigid slab 0·049 20·40
Onozote (expanded ebonite) 0·029 34'50
Plasterboard, gypsum 0·159 6·33Plastering: gypsum 0-461 2·17
vermiculite 0·201 4·98
Plywood 0·138 7·25Polystyrene foam slab 0·033 30·30Rendering, sand-cement 0·532 1·88
Stone: granite 2·920 0·34limestone 1·530 0·65sandstone 1·295 0·77
Strawboard 0·093 10·75Timber: softwood 0·138 7·25
hardwood 0·160 6·25
Wood chipboard 0·108 9·26Wood fibre softboard 0·065 15·38Wood wool slab: light 0·082 12·20
dense 0·115 8·70
Metals: lead 34 0·0294cast-iron 50 0·0200steel 58 0·0172bronze 64 0·0156zinc 110 0·0091aluminium 220 0·0045copper 350 0·0029silver 407 0·0024
Air 0·026 38·45vvater 0·580 1·72
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Fig 49Determining thedesirable time-lag
¢ = 14 h
..J--1/ ..•.-.
I Sol-air <,I excess ' •.•~~~~----------i---------~~==~~~-----------+---.., 0 I
2 ~;~ 0 ! }-----~------~--~~--------~----~------~~--~---+~8. E I 12.00 15.00 24.00 TimeE 0*«> ..,f-
Max. heating at 8.30 hours - heat required at 22.30 hours.Optimum 1>= 14 h -(12 h acceptable). If this is not possible.useless than 4 h with no day-use rooms on the east side.
East wall
¢= min.6 h
ro
~ !+l~ 0 ~ ~ ~ __~~~ ~ ~ ~~~ __~ __~--J
!E 12.00 15_00~ 8 t::---------~'--------- . :::!oo-...l:::--
f-
Max. heating at 16.30 hours - heat required: 22.30 to 6.00 hours.~=minimum 6h but 90r 10h is preferable.
West wall
~ = 9·5h min.;,
Max. heating at 13.00 hours - heat required: 22.30 to 6.00 hours.~-minimum 9·Sh.but 12 or 13h is preferable.
Roof
.... ;~" .;.'
Fig 52Transmittance ofglasses
Fig 53Heat transfer throughglass
1.0
O.SQ>o
0.6c'":::E 0.4'"c'".= 0.2
Ir-- r-, -- -. -.....•.•
Gold coated
Nickel coated
o250 400 600 SOO 1500 3000 5000 nm wavelength
10
i i I ! , :,
/...........-
~ I:I [ !I ' i_! I I
I '. I N' I J~I. "-- " I- ." L/ I1 , r-,
1 \:
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, I /,
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rJ :1 , ':.,.,>< -- ,\•. :1 ...- -'- '- <,- ---
08
'"g 06'":::E'"c~e- 0·4
0·2
o250300 400 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 5000600
nm wavelenghOrdinary ----'Antisun' - - - - - - -'Calorex' - - - ---Nickel 0---0coatedGold _coated
• •visible
ReflectedReradiatedExcluded
7%25%32%
9%S%
17%
TransmittedReradiatedGain
ReflectedReradiatedExcluded
75%8%
83%
Transmitted 43%Reradiated 25%Ga~n__". 68""
6mm plate glass 6mm heat absorbing glass
'- ...- :~'. ,-:." .' . :~--":
3000
2800
2600
2400
i 2200
::2000d'..
I
f '800
:J
ii -eoo
Z
~,.00
i5 '200
~a: 1000C
~ 800
600
.00
200
! I.... '".' '".'.' '. I.' " ...'. ".. "...' ". I,.' "...... -, i- -~ 'X I V 1--
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, /1.
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i-•••••• .~ !I ,.,." I I "'-. I II --- I I
~ ....••.•.....-.l.I
I -r-lI IoDee Oct
Fig. IV-6b: Comparison of window orientations.
Note: This graph represents clear-day solar radiation values, on thesurfaces indicated, for 400NL
'j:: .",;':",~". .~.:'
, '-~' .
Fig.IV-9b: Splaying the wall will increase heat gain in winter.
ID / 1 /L- /.3 /~ I _L 1,// I
CL ~ ,E 6.00 12.00 / 18.00<1> / /.- Y, //" /,'---"
)
84 Fig 41Time-lag anddecrement factor
Time: lag (tp)
lVr---
T maxo
Time:
)
---1-<,./ "<,
Tjlmax -, -,,
Tj nla~Decrement factor: p = Tomqx
9-
..Q)
E~
//
//
//II
cC\JQ)
~
><C\J
E
oh-
><C\J
E
..Q)
8~CO
<,<, -,
o "o "N \r- \,
II
~~-------8Jnl8Jadwa 1
>< ><C\J coE E.- 0h. h-
II:::t
10-
o+-'Uco
~+-'CQ)
ECDlo-
U<l.>o
lOO ---_,_------r-----.------,
0-75
~L-
0+-'UCD
'+-+-' 0-50cQ)
EQ)L-
UQ)
0
0-25
OL- L- ~ J_ ~
o 0-15 0-30 0-45 0-60
Thickness: m
20~------~---------,----------.--------,
9-
0) 10t------+-----J'-CD
// "/ .:
/ .:/ ",,",-5r------~~~"---~-----+-----~
IQ)
Ef=
O~-- ~ _L ~ ~o 0-15 0-30 0-45 0-60
Thickness: m
10 85tor andunction U-value :W/m2 degCe and
2·5
8 2·01-5
lOL 6 0·5..---S-
CJ)CDI
Q)
E 4 t-f-
O~--~---~L----L-----L-----L-----~--~(=0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70X 103
0·35~----~----~----~----~----~----~---.
i): value= 2·5O·30~:----+---+----+---+---+---r-----j
0'25~---4--~-+-----+-----+-----+------r----~
~ot) O' 2 0 ~---i---~~----..:'l~'--------;I----I----I-------ICD
'+-+-'CQ)
~ 0·151------4--------l-~_c__l--~~k___--f___-_____,f___--__;~UQ)
o0·10f---------t------t
0·05f------+--·---+------+~~-+-----_r----~--~
OL----J-----J----~----~----~----~----~;'=0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70:103
~90
Appendix 6Time-lag I¢ - hours) and decrement factor (Ji) of some constructions
thickness, mm 50 100 150 200 300¢:h Ji ¢:h Ji ¢:h Ji ¢:h Ji ¢:h Ji
Concrete 1-3 0-67 3-0 0-45 4-4 0-30 6-1 0-20 9-2 0-09Stabilised earth 2-4 0-48 4-0 0-34 5-2 0-24 8-1 0-12Timber 2-5 0-48 5-4 0-23 8-3 0-11Mineral wool 2-5 0-48 5-3 0-22
¢:h JiWalls: Cavity wall, two skins of 100 mm dense concrete blocks, both
faces with 15 mm cement render 10-0 0-073Same,but with hollow concrete blocks 10-8 0-056Cavity wall, two skins of 100 mm hollow terra cotta blocks, both r>.faces with 15 mm cement render 8-7 0-100
Roofs: 100 mm reinforced concrete slab, bituminous asbestos feltfinish, with 40 mm glass wool insulation under the slab 3-0 0-450Same, but insulation on top of the concrete slab 11 -8 0-046240 mm hollow pot slab, underside rendered, 60 mm screed,bituminous asbestos felt membrane, 30 mm concrete pavingslabs on 20 mm bedding 12-0 0-045