B Aleksandrov

Odessa Branch Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

There are 142 terrestrial 53 freshwater and 43 marine ecoregions in the World The Black Sea is part of the Mediterranean ecoregion

Progressive methodological approach of forming of protected areas was realized in practical nature protection conception Pan European Ecological Network with special task on forming of marine ecological network of Europe (European Coastal Marina Ecological Network) in 1999

Example of marine corridor of the Pan European ecological network in south-east Europe

The total protected area of the Black Sea amounts to 68 263 км2 but it differs in area in each country The largest number of MPAs of different status is concentrated in Ukraine which has a maximum length of coastline ndash 1 628 km or 37 and 55 750 km2 or 57 of the total Black Sea shelf area

Review of ecological networks and corridors is one of the technical guidance manual for protected area systems

Bennett G amp Mulongoy KJ Review of experience with ecological networks corridors and buffer zones- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity- Montreal 2006- Technical Series No 23- 100pp

Guiding principles for the Establishmentof Marine Protected Areas in the Black Sea (approve CBD AG in 2008)

The aim of this study is to work out the methodology of a quantitative approach determining the biological value of marine aquatic areas (lagoons bays etc) for forming ecological corridors and determination of order of creation of new or expansions of existent МPАs (on example of marine waterbodies of Ukraine)

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

There are 142 terrestrial 53 freshwater and 43 marine ecoregions in the World The Black Sea is part of the Mediterranean ecoregion

Progressive methodological approach of forming of protected areas was realized in practical nature protection conception Pan European Ecological Network with special task on forming of marine ecological network of Europe (European Coastal Marina Ecological Network) in 1999

Example of marine corridor of the Pan European ecological network in south-east Europe

The total protected area of the Black Sea amounts to 68 263 км2 but it differs in area in each country The largest number of MPAs of different status is concentrated in Ukraine which has a maximum length of coastline ndash 1 628 km or 37 and 55 750 km2 or 57 of the total Black Sea shelf area

Review of ecological networks and corridors is one of the technical guidance manual for protected area systems

Bennett G amp Mulongoy KJ Review of experience with ecological networks corridors and buffer zones- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity- Montreal 2006- Technical Series No 23- 100pp

Guiding principles for the Establishmentof Marine Protected Areas in the Black Sea (approve CBD AG in 2008)

The aim of this study is to work out the methodology of a quantitative approach determining the biological value of marine aquatic areas (lagoons bays etc) for forming ecological corridors and determination of order of creation of new or expansions of existent МPАs (on example of marine waterbodies of Ukraine)

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Example of marine corridor of the Pan European ecological network in south-east Europe

The total protected area of the Black Sea amounts to 68 263 км2 but it differs in area in each country The largest number of MPAs of different status is concentrated in Ukraine which has a maximum length of coastline ndash 1 628 km or 37 and 55 750 km2 or 57 of the total Black Sea shelf area

Review of ecological networks and corridors is one of the technical guidance manual for protected area systems

Bennett G amp Mulongoy KJ Review of experience with ecological networks corridors and buffer zones- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity- Montreal 2006- Technical Series No 23- 100pp

Guiding principles for the Establishmentof Marine Protected Areas in the Black Sea (approve CBD AG in 2008)

The aim of this study is to work out the methodology of a quantitative approach determining the biological value of marine aquatic areas (lagoons bays etc) for forming ecological corridors and determination of order of creation of new or expansions of existent МPАs (on example of marine waterbodies of Ukraine)

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

The total protected area of the Black Sea amounts to 68 263 км2 but it differs in area in each country The largest number of MPAs of different status is concentrated in Ukraine which has a maximum length of coastline ndash 1 628 km or 37 and 55 750 km2 or 57 of the total Black Sea shelf area

Review of ecological networks and corridors is one of the technical guidance manual for protected area systems

Bennett G amp Mulongoy KJ Review of experience with ecological networks corridors and buffer zones- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity- Montreal 2006- Technical Series No 23- 100pp

Guiding principles for the Establishmentof Marine Protected Areas in the Black Sea (approve CBD AG in 2008)

The aim of this study is to work out the methodology of a quantitative approach determining the biological value of marine aquatic areas (lagoons bays etc) for forming ecological corridors and determination of order of creation of new or expansions of existent МPАs (on example of marine waterbodies of Ukraine)

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Review of ecological networks and corridors is one of the technical guidance manual for protected area systems

Bennett G amp Mulongoy KJ Review of experience with ecological networks corridors and buffer zones- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity- Montreal 2006- Technical Series No 23- 100pp

Guiding principles for the Establishmentof Marine Protected Areas in the Black Sea (approve CBD AG in 2008)

The aim of this study is to work out the methodology of a quantitative approach determining the biological value of marine aquatic areas (lagoons bays etc) for forming ecological corridors and determination of order of creation of new or expansions of existent МPАs (on example of marine waterbodies of Ukraine)

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

The aim of this study is to work out the methodology of a quantitative approach determining the biological value of marine aquatic areas (lagoons bays etc) for forming ecological corridors and determination of order of creation of new or expansions of existent МPАs (on example of marine waterbodies of Ukraine)

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Peculiarities of aquatic ecosystems

1 Concentration of life in coastal and shelf area to the depth of solar penetration

2 Definite advantage in selection of the protected areas according to benthic biocenoses as those bound with the landscape (in contrast to pelagic one)

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

TitleThere were singled out 34 different aquatic objects in Ukrainian part of the Black Sea coast

13 ndash Bays13 ndash limans (estuaries) 2 ndash lagoons 2 ndash lakes 1 ndash Delta (Danube) 1 ndash Island (Zmeiny) 1 ndash open shelf area 1 ndash strait (Kerch)

KRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytesKBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Key characteristics of aquatic objects

Кƒ = (Ki min a)05 ( K1a1 K2

a2 hellip Knan)12n

Кƒ - integrated index of biological significance of aquatic objectК1 К2 Кn ndash measure of key characteristics in each aquatic object а1 а2 аn ndash weight coefficient of each key characteristics n ndash number of key characteristics

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

bullPhysical and chemical features (distribution of nutrient)bullBiological features (phytoplankton and zooplankton communities macro-algae and invertebrate bottom fauna status of species)bullOther features (chemicals sediments contamination hotspots health issues etc) bullHabitat types (structure and substrata composition of the seabed) 5 ecotones - separate analyses

KBB ndash total number of benthic biocoenosesKAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impactKRDB ndash total number of Red Data Book speciesKMZB ndash total number of macrozoobentic speciesKPB ndash ratio between plankton and benthos biomassKPP ndash primary production of phytoplanktonKEAM ndash ecological activity of macrophytes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Annex III Table 1)

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

KAI ndash integrated estimation of anthropogenic impact

Zaitsev Yu Littoral concentration of life in the Black Sea area and coastal management requirements Journal of the Black SeaMediterranean Environment- 2006- Vol 12- P 113-128

Generalized matrix of expert assessments of ecological processes in the Black Sea Coastal Zone

27 ndash stress factors 15 types of effect

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

V Urban sewage 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Rain waters 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

VI Addition of sand 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Coast protection

constructions4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 3 4 3

VII Dams 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Reservoirs 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4

VIII

Resort development 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4Resort sewage 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2Recreational

activities4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IX

Nature conservation 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 7 7 7Environmental

control4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Artificial reefs 4 3 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 7 6 6 6 6 7

X

Environmental education

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

Field trips 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7Books posters

films6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7

helliphellip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

There are 10 kinds of anthropogenic impacts with different influence on biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems (positive or negative)

Negative Positive

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Average significance of the index of aquatic ecosystem changes under the influence of different types of anthropogenic impacts

Types Antropogenic impacts Signifi-cance

IFishing 2800Miming 2533Industrial wastes 1600

IIPesticides 1867Soil erosion 2333Agricultural runoff 1600

III Residual foods 3133Genetic degeneration 3933

IVPorts development 2200Deepening Dumping 2533Ballast waters and exotic species 3857Shipwrecks 3067

V Urban sewage 1867Rain waters 2467

VI Addition of sand 3200Coast protection constructions 3200

VII Dams 3533Reservoirs 3533

VIIIResort development 3133Resort sewage 2467Recreational activities 3600

IXNature conservation 6067Environmental control 6067Artificial reefs 5800

XEnvironmental education 6067Field trips 6067Books posters films 6067

Types of impact I Industry II Agriculture III Pisciculture IV Sea transport V Municipal economy VI Coast protection VII Hydro-power Engineering VIII Tourism Resorts IX Nature Conservation X Environmental Education and Environmental Ethics

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Distribution of anthropogenic impact factors in Ukrainian coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Values of КРР (primary productions) was determined by oxygen and radiocarbon methods or

chlorophyll laquoаraquo content were estimated in the same units (mg О2middotl-1middotd-1) according to the formula КРР=

1 - lg[85 (85 - Kaverage)]

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

Index of ecological activity of macrophytes (КEAМ) was determining as average of specific surface

of the first three dominant species (Minicheva 1998 Minicheva et al 2003) on a formula КEAМ= 10 middot

SWaverage

where - SWaverage - arithmetical mean to the specific surface (S is area of surface and W is biomass

of aquatic plants) of three dominant species of macrophytobenthos in each water body

Numeral value КPB was determined for water column by above square meter of bottom surface

taking into account the middle depth of water body on a formula КPB = 1 - lg (1000 Kaverage) 5

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body

All characteristics of biological diversity of the investigated water bodies (KMZB KBB and KRDB

were determined on formula Кi = Kaverage Kmax

where Kaverage - the value of the characteristic of a given water body Kmax - the maximum possible

value in a given ecotone

Identification of quantities characteristics of aquatic water bodies

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Characteristics RDB EAМ BB MZB PB РР AI

RDB 024 051 048 -009 -003 031

EAМ 024 043 037 -022 -018 040

Weight coefficients

of characteristics (ai) a= 09 a= 07 a= 09 a= 09 a= 06 a= 05 a= 08

Matrix of cross-correlation connection of the chosen initial biological parameters (characteristics) of aquatic ecosystems for determination of their weight coefficients (ai)

Significant coefficients of cross-correlation connection at 5 confidence level (k= 32) mark in bold

Denotation RDB - number of Red Data Book species EAМ - index of ecological activity of macrophytes BB - number of benthic biocenoses MZB - total number of macrozoobenthos species PB - ratio of total plankton and benthos biomass РР - gross primary products of phytoplankton AI ndash integrated antropogenic impact

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

TitleAccording EU Habitat Directive ldquoNATURA-2000rdquo (1992) and special activity of Secretariat of the BS Commission in the Black Sea have been singled out

Coastal margin ecotones

1Sedimentary shores2Rocky shores3Coastal brackishsaline lagoons4Estuaries and deltas5Wetlands and salt marshes

Pelagic habitats (water column)

1Neritic2Open sea

Benthic habitats (37 biocenosis)

1Supralittoral rock (2)2Supralittoral sand (1)3Mediolittoral rock (2)4Mediolittoral sand and muddy sands (2)5Sublittoral rockother hard substrata (9)6Sublittoral sediments (21)

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Wetlands and saltmarshesRocky shores

Sedimentary shores

Estuaries and deltas

Coastal brackishsaline lagoons

Coastal margin ecotones

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Biotope (habitat)

Average depth

m

BiocenosesAverage

number of macrozo-obenthos species

Average

number indmiddotm-2

Average biomass

gmiddotm-2

Hard substrates (stones rocks etc)

3 Mytilus galloprovincialis Balanus improvises

55 44889 13489

Sandy sediments (sand mud clay) 9

Donacilla cornea Nana neritea Lentidium mediterraneum Chamelea gallina

42 917 70

Sandy-mud sediments 23

Mya arenaria Mytilaster lineatus Neanthes succinea Gouldia minima Upogebia pusilla

43 1476 50

Muddy sediments46

Melinna palmate Abra nitida Spisula subtrunca-ta M galloprovincialis Nephtys hombergii Modiolus phaseolinus

44 1039 37

Comparative characteristics of benthic biotopes in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

All analyzable characteristics are interact and the value of Кƒ is combine

(integrate) all of them for every concrete aquatic object Selection of methods of determination of characteristics (Ki) and their weight (аi) came true taking

into account a necessary condition 0 lt Ki le 1 and 0 lt ai le 1

Scale of biological value of aquatic objects

1000 - 0800 Very high0799 - 0600 High0599 - 0400 Medium0399 - 0200 Low0199 - 0000 Very low

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Determination of integral index of biological value (Кƒ) and status of protection aquatic areas of coastal ecotones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in national waters of Ukraine

Salty lagoons ecotone19 Tendrovskiy inlet 0723 + 1 598418 Yegorlykskiy inlet 0712 + 1 2 96465 Tuzla group limans 0202 + 1 2 890

Limans and deltas ecotone17 Dnieper-and-Bug liman 0466 + 1 248516 Berezanskiy liman 0440 00029 Utlyukskiy liman 0436 1 2 4617 Dniester liman 0411 + 1 2 30551 Danube delta mouth 0398 + 1 9550

30 Molochniy liman 0383 + 1 848014 Grigorevskiy liman 0169 00011 Khadjibeiskiy liman 0163 00015 Tiligulskiy liman 0142 + 1 3 100009 Sukhoy liman 0105 0006 Shabolatskiy liman 0098 000

13 Dofinovskiy liman 0070 000Wetlands and salt marshes ecotone

28 Eastern Sivash 0452 + 1 35854 Sasyk lake 0380 + 1 1619

27 Central Sivash 0118 + 2 625012 Kuyalnitskiy liman 0059 000

Water body Кƒ Ramsarsite

Protected area

Status

Water body

Sediments (sand mud clay) ecotone20 Karkinitskiy inlet 0679 + 1 2 151721 Donuzlav lake 0498 000

33 Belosarayskiy inlet 0458 + 1 10000

32 Berdianskiy inlet 0454 + 1 80031 Obitochnaya let 0422 + 1 51234 Taganrogskiy inlet 0406 000

2 Zhebrianskaya bay 0370 000

8 Zernovrsquos phyllophora field 0331 2 10000

10 Odessa bay 0324 000

Rocky coast ecotone23 Sevastopol bays 0638 2 3 4902

3 Zmiinyi island (slopes) 0610 2 050

24 Karadag coast 0570 + 1 2 49222 Kalamytskiy inlet 0474 3 035

25 Feodosiya inlet 0459 000

26 Kerch Strait 0227 1 2 3 182

Status of protection area 1 - international 2 - national 3 - local

Thank you for attention

Thank you for attention