Hands-On LabWindows Azure and PHP Lab version: 2.0.0

Last updated: 5/7/2023

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CONTENTS

OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................. 3

EXERCISE 1: USING FASTCGI TO HOST PHP APPLICATIONS ON IIS 7.0 ..........................................7Task 1 – Enabling FastCGI Support in IIS 7.0........................................................................................8

Task 2 – Installing and Configuring PHP...............................................................................................9

Task 3 – Creating a Simple PHP Application.......................................................................................11

EXERCISE 2: USING WINDOWS AZURE TO HOST PHP APPLICATIONS...........................................18Task 1 – Updating the Web.roleconfig File........................................................................................18

Task 2 – Configuring Handlers for FastCGI.........................................................................................19

Task 3 – Creating a Service Definition File.........................................................................................20

Task 4 – Copying your PHP Interpreter into the PHP Project.............................................................20

Task 5 – Preparing your Service for Deployment...............................................................................21

Task 6 – Deploying your Service to the Azure Development Fabric...................................................23

Verification........................................................................................................................................25

EXERCISE 3: CREATING PHP APPLICATIONS WITH VISUAL STUDIO..............................................27Task 1 – Creating the Visual Studio Project........................................................................................27

Task 2 – Updating the Web.roleconfig File........................................................................................32

Task 3 – Configuring Handlers for FastCGI.........................................................................................32

Task 4 – Copying your PHP Interpreter into the PHP Project.............................................................33

Verification........................................................................................................................................34

SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................ 36

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Overview

FastCGI provides a high-performance alternative to the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), a standard way of interfacing external applications with Web servers that has been supported as part of the IIS feature-set since the very first release.

CGI programs are executables launched by the web server for each request in order to process the request and generate dynamic responses that are sent back to the client. As many of these frameworks do not support multi-threaded execution, CGI enables them to execute reliably on IIS through executing one request per process. Unfortunately, this can provide poor performance due to the high cost of starting and shutting down a process for each request.

FastCGI overcomes this performance penalty by re-using CGI processes to service subsequent requests, while continuing to ensure single request concurrency. For further information on how FastCGI works, visit the FastCGI Web Site and review the FastCGI Specification.

The IIS FastCGI component enables popular application frameworks like PHP to be hosted on the IIS web server in a high-performance and reliable way. As Windows Azure uses IIS 7.0 at the heart of the web role, it also supports the FastCGI component.

In this lab, you will examine the basic process of installing and configuring PHP on IIS 7.0 with FastCGI and discover the symmetry for developers wishing to host PHP applications in the cloud with Windows Azure.

Objectives

In this hands-on lab, you will learn how to:

Enable FastCGI support in IIS 7.0

Use FastCGI to host PHP applications on IIS 7.0

Use Windows Azure to host PHP applications

Prerequisites

The following is required to complete this hands-on lab:

PHP (non thread-safe version recommended)

Note: This lab was built using PHP version 5.3.2. Other versions were not tested.

IIS 7.0 (with ASP.NET, WCF HTTP Activation)

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Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0

Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (required for Exercise 3)

Windows Azure Software Development Kit

Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio 1.2 (June 2010) (required for Exercise 3)

A user account with administrative privileges is required to complete this lab.

Setup

For convenience, much of the code used in this hands-on lab is available as Visual Studio code snippets. To check the prerequisites of the lab and install the code snippets:

1. Open a Windows Explorer window and browse to the lab’s Source\Setup folder.

2. Double-click the Dependencies.dep file in this folder to launch the Dependency Checker tool and install any missing prerequisites and the Visual Studio code snippets.

3. If the User Account Control dialog is shown, confirm the action to proceed.

Note: This process may require elevation. The .dep extension is associated with the Dependency Checker tool during its installation. For additional information about the setup procedure and how to install the Dependency Checker tool, refer to the Setup.docx document in the Assets folder of the training kit.

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Using the Code Snippets

With code snippets, you have all the code you need at your fingertips. The lab document will tell you exactly when you can use them, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 1Using Visual Studio code snippets to insert code into your project

To add a code snippet using the keyboard (C# only)

1. Place the cursor where you would like to insert the code.

2. Start typing the snippet name (without spaces or hyphens).

3. Watch as IntelliSense displays matching snippets' names.

4. Select the correct snippet (or keep typing until the entire snippet's name is selected).

5. Press the Tab key twice to insert the snippet at the cursor location.

Figure 2Start typing the snippet name

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Figure 3Press Tab to select the highlighted snippet

Figure 4Press Tab again and the snippet will expand

To add a code snippet using the mouse (C#, Visual Basic and XML)

1. Right-click where you want to insert the code snippet.

2. Select Insert Snippet followed by My Code Snippets.

3. Pick the relevant snippet from the list, by clicking on it.

Figure 5Right-click where you want to insert the code snippet and select Insert Snippet

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Figure 6Pick the relevant snippet from the list, by clicking on it

Exercises

This hands-on lab includes the following exercises:

1. Using FastCGI to Host PHP Applications on IIS 7.0

2. Using Windows Azure to Host PHP Applications

3. Creating PHP Applications with Visual Studio

Estimated time to complete this lab: 45 minutes.

Note: When you first start Visual Studio, you must select one of the predefined settings collections. Every predefined collection is designed to match a particular development style and determines window layouts, editor behavior, IntelliSense code snippets, and dialog box options. The procedures in this lab describe the actions necessary to accomplish a given task in Visual Studio when using the General Development Settings collection. If you choose a different settings collection for your development environment, there may be differences in these procedures that you need to take into account.

Exercise 1: Using FastCGI to Host PHP Applications on IIS 7.0

Note: Exercise 1 - Using FastCGI to host PHP applications on IIS 7.0 - is an optional exercise. If you have configured PHP with FastCGI before, then you may already understand these concepts. It is provided as part of this lab for your convenience.

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In this exercise, you enable FastCGI support in IIS 7.0 and use FastCGI to host a simple PHP application on IIS 7.0. The PHP application displays information about the current state of PHP, which includes components such as PHP compilation options and extensions, the PHP version, the PHP environment, OS version information, paths, etc…

Task 1 – Enabling FastCGI Support in IIS 7.0

In this task, you enable the FastCGI module in IIS 7.0.

1. Add the CGI role Service.

If your Operating System is Windows Server 2008, add the CGI role service by using Server Manager -> Roles ->Web Server-> Add Role Services.

Figure 7Add Role Services dialog showing the available services for the Web Server (IIS) role

If your operating system is Windows Vista or Windows 7, add the CGI feature by using Control Panel -> Programs -> Programs and Features -> Turn Windows features on or off. In the Windows Features dialog, choose Internet Information Services -> World Wide Web Services -> Application Development Features -> CGI.

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Figure 8Windows Features dialog window showing the available Windows Features

Note: If you are running Windows Vista SP1 or Windows Server 2008, please make sure you have the following hotfixes installed:

1. Hotfix to resolve an issue in which a PHP application dependent on the REQUEST_URI server variable fails in Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0

2. Hotfix to fix an issue with FastCGI module not working if you are using the HWC functionality of IIS 7.0 and the process that hosts the HWC is part of a Windows job object

Task 2 – Installing and Configuring PHP

In this task, you install PHP and configure it using FastCGI.

It is recommended to use a non thread-safe build of PHP with IIS 7.0 FastCGI. A non thread-safe build of PHP provides significant performance gains over the standard build by not doing any thread-safety checks. These are not necessary as FastCGI provides a single threaded execution environment.

1. Download the latest non thread-safe zip package with binaries of PHP from http://www.php.net/downloads.php.

2. Unpack the zip package to C:\PHP.

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3. Rename the file php.ini-development to php.ini.

Note: Depending on the PHP distribution, you might find php.ini-recommended instead.

4. Open the php.ini file in a text editor.

5. Locate the extension_dir setting, uncomment the line if necessary, and change its value to "./ext".

6. Locate the cgi.force_redirect setting, remove the comment and set the value to 0.

Note: cgi.force_redirect is set to 0 for IIS and to 1 if you are using Apache or iPlanet web servers.

7. Locate the cgi.fix_pathinfo setting and uncomment it. Leave the value as 1.

Note: cgi.fix_pathinfo provides full PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI. Previously, the behavior of PHP was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME and to ignore PATH_INFO. For more information on PATH_INFO, see the CGI specs. Setting this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec.

8. Locate the fastcgi.impersonate setting, uncomment it and leave the value as 1.

Note: FastCGI under IIS supports the ability to impersonate security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to define the security context used to execute the request.

9. Locate the date.timezone setting, uncomment it and set the value to your time zone.

Note: Use a valid time zone identifier that matches the time zone of your system. For example,

date.timezone = " Antarctica/South_Pole"

For a list of supported time zones, see http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php.

10. Save and close the file.

11. At the command prompt, change the current directory to the C:\PHP folder, and then execute the following command to test if the PHP installation is successful.

Command Prompt

C:\PHP>php -info

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Note: If you installed PHP correctly and all its dependencies are available in the machine, then this command will output the current PHP configuration information.

Task 3 – Creating a Simple PHP Application

In this task, you host a sample PHP application on IIS 7.0 using FastCGI and use the Appcmd.exe command-line tool to manage your PHP website.

Appcmd exposes all key server management functionality through a set of intuitive management objects that can be manipulated from the command line or from scripts.

1. Open index.php inside Ex01 - FastCgiOnIIS7\begin\myphpapp in the Source folder of the lab. Use Notepad or your favorite text editor and change the content of index.php to the following.

PHP

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Note: phpinfo() is commonly used to check configuration settings and available predefined variables on a given system.

2. Open an elevated (Run as administrator) command prompt window.

3. At the command prompt, use Appcmd to create a virtual directory for your PHP application located under the Default Web Site.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" add app /site.name:"Default Web Site" /path:"/myphpapp" /physicalPath:"C:\WindowsAzurePlatformKit\Labs\WindowsAzurePHPVS2010\Source\Ex01 - FastCgiOnIIS7\begin\myphpapp"

Note: The physicalPath parameter points to a location within the Source folder of the lab. You may need to adjust this path if you installed the lab material to a different location.

If the virtual directory already exists under Default Web Site, use the following command to delete the virtual directory before executing the command above.

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" delete app "Default Web Site/myphpapp"

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Figure 9Creating a virtual directory in IIS for the PHP application

4. Use Appcmd to clear any existing FastCGI settings before updating the applicationHost.config file with your new settings.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" clear config -section:fastCGI

Figure 10Clearing existing FastCGI settings

5. Now, update the applicationHost.config file with the recommended FastCGI settings. Make sure that FastCGI always recycles the php-cgi.exe processes before the native PHP recycling kicks in, by setting the instanceMaxRequests attribute.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" set config -section:fastCgi /+"[fullPath='C:\PHP\php-cgi.exe',arguments='',maxInstances='4',idleTimeout='300',activityTimeout='30',requestTimeout='90',instanceMaxRequests='10000',protocol='NamedPipe',flushNamedPipe='False']" /commit:apphost

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Figure 11Configuring FastCGI for PHP

6. Also, add the PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS environment variable and set its value to 10000, which is equal to the value chosen for instanceMaxRequests in the command above.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" set config -section:fastCgi /+[fullPath='C:\PHP\php-cgi.exe'].environmentVariables.[name='PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS',value='10000']

Note: By setting instanceMaxRequests to be smaller or equal to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS, you ensure that the native PHP process recycling logic will never kick in. If you do not configure these settings, then the following default settings are used: instanceMaxRequests = 200, PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS = 500 (on most PHP builds).

The fullPath attribute in the Appcmd refers to the PHP interpreter that can be found in your PHP installation directory.

Figure 12Configuring the PHP environment

7. Check the applied FastCGI settings using Appcmd to list the relevant configuration section.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" list config /section:fastCGI

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8. If you applied the settings correctly, the output should be similar to that shown in the figure below, which displays the settings applied in the FastCGI section using an XML format.

Figure 13Verifying the applied FastCGI settings

9. Next, set the PHP handler for your PHP application.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" set config "Default Web Site/myphpapp" -section:system.webServer/handlers /+[name='PHP_via_FastCGI',path='*.php',verb='*',modules='FastCgiModule',scriptProcessor='C:\PHP\php-cgi.exe',resourceType='Unspecified']

Note: This step creates a Web.config file with the required settings in the application directory. If any handler mappings already exist for your PHP application, use the following command to clear them:

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" clear config "Default Web Site/myphpapp" -section:system.webServer/handlers

Figure 14Configuring the PHP handler for the application

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10. Set the default document for your PHP application to index.php. This is necessary because, by default, IIS 7.0 does not identify index.php as a default document.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" set config "Default Web Site/myphpapp" -section:defaultDocument /enabled:true /+files.[@start,value='index.php']

Note: This command updates the Web.config file created in the previous step. If a default document is already configured for your PHP application, use the following console command to clear it:

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" clear config "Default Web Site/myphpapp" -section:defaultDocument

Figure 15Configuring the default document

11. You can now list the default documents defined for your PHP application.

Command Prompt

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" list config "Default Web Site/myphpapp" /section:defaultDocument

12. If you configured the default document correctly, the output should be similar to the figure shown below that includes index.php among the list default documents configured for your application and Default Web Site.

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Figure 16Listing default documents configured for the PHP application

13. Open the Web.config file inside Ex01 - FastCgiOnIIS7\begin\myphpapp in the Source folder of the lab. Verify the PHP handler and default page configuration, which should match the settings shown below.

Web.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><configuration> <system.webServer> <handlers> <add name="PHP_via_FastCGI" path="*.php" verb="*" modules="FastCgiModule" scriptProcessor="C:\PHP\php-cgi.exe" resourceType="Unspecified" /> </handlers> <defaultDocument enabled="true"> <files> <add value="index.php" /> </files> </defaultDocument> </system.webServer></configuration>

Note: The Web.config file shows the PHP handler mapping applied to your PHP application.

14. Verify that you can now browse your PHP application by pointing your favorite Web browser to http://localhost/myphpapp. If you have configured your PHP application correctly, you should be able to see your current PHP configuration, as shown in the following figure.

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Figure 17Application output after connecting successfully to your IIS Web server

Note: If you are using the end solution to perform the verification, remember to configure the physical path of the myphpapp virtual directory to point to the directory of the end solution instead.

To configure the virtual directory, open an elevated (run as Administrator) command prompt. If myphpapp already exists under Default Web Site, use the following command to delete it.

"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" delete app "Default Web Site/myphpapp"

To create the virtual directory and point it to the end folder of the solution, use the following command.

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"%windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" add app /site.name:"Default Web Site" /path:"/myphpapp" /physicalPath:"C:\WindowsAzurePlatformKit\Labs\WindowsAzurePHP\Source\Ex01 - FastCgiOnIIS7\end\myphpapp"

Remember to adjust the physicalPath parameter if you installed the lab material to a different location.

Exercise 2: Using Windows Azure to Host PHP Applications

Windows Azure supports the IIS 7.0 FastCGI module. Using this module, developers may host web roles that call applications written in third-party languages such as PHP.

In this exercise, you host the sample PHP application you created in Exercise 1 on Windows Azure. You deploy your PHP application to the Development Fabric. The Development Fabric is provided in the Windows Azure SDK to simulate the Windows Azure environment in your local machine and allow you to run and test your service locally before deploying it to the cloud.

Task 1 – Updating the Web.roleconfig File

In this task, you update the Web.roleconfig file, which is used to configure IIS to run FastCGI in the Development Fabric and in the Windows Azure cloud. The Web.roleconfig file is a special file applicable only to Windows Azure that holds the same FastCGI settings that you find in the applicationHost.config file in a standalone IIS 7.0 role. The reason to hold these settings in a separate file as opposed to the applicationHost.config file is that Windows Azure does not expose the other system level settings in applicationHost.config for clients to change (e.g. Application Pools or Security Settings). The addition of this special file was necessary to separate the settings that could be changed on a system-wide basis.

1. Open the Web.roleconfig file located inside Ex02 - PHPonWindowsAzure\begin\myphpapp in the Source folder of the lab. Use Notepad or your favorite text editor and replace the contents of the file with the following configuration settings. You may need to create this text file if you continue from the completed solution in Exercise 1 instead of using the begin solution for Exercise 2.

(Code Snippet – Windows Azure PHP - Ex1 Step1-1 Web.roleconfig – XML)

XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><configuration> <system.webServer>

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<fastCgi> <application fullPath="%RoleRoot%\approot\php\php-cgi.exe" /> </fastCgi> </system.webServer></configuration>

Note: This configuration provides the absolute path to the PHP interpreter. To specify the absolute path, precede the interpreter file name with %RoleRoot%\approot, which returns the absolute path to the directory in which the role is running and approot, which corresponds to the root of your web role project; the same location as the project's Web.config file and the Web.roleconfig file.

This is similar to the way that the on-premises configuration of IIS 7.0 pointed to the local file system for the PHP interpreter in Exercise 1. The %RoleRoot% environment variable returns the absolute path to the directory in which the role is running, whether you host the application in the Windows Azure cloud or in the local Development Fabric.

Task 2 – Configuring Handlers for FastCGI

In this task, you update the PHP handler configuration to point to the PHP interpreter that you deploy with your application.

1. Open Web.config located inside Ex02 – PHPonWindowsAzure\begin\myphpapp in the Source folder of the lab.

2. In the system.webServer\handlers section, locate the entry for the handler named PHP_via_FastCGI and replace the current value of the scriptProcessor setting with "%RoleRoot%\approot\php\php-cgi.exe".

Figure 18Configuring the PHP handler for deployment to Azure

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Note: Previously, the handler specified a path to your local disk. In order to deploy your application to the Windows Azure environment, you update this value to be relative to the root directory in which the role executes. You will copy the PHP distribution to this directory shortly.

Task 3 – Creating a Service Definition File

In this task, you create a service definition file. The service definition file indicates the type of role implemented in your service, which may consist of any number of web roles or worker roles. For a web role, the service definition file specifies whether it exposes an HTTP endpoint or an HTTPS endpoint, or both.

1. Update the service definition file to define a Web role to host the PHP application built in Exercise 1. To do this, open ServiceDefinition.csdef inside Ex02 – PHPonWindowsAzure\begin in the Source folder of the lab and insert the following settings.

(Code Snippet – Windows Azure PHP- Ex1 Step3-1 ServiceDefinition.csdef – XML)

XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><ServiceDefinition name="myphpapp" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceDefinition"> <WebRole name="WebRole" enableNativeCodeExecution="true"> <InputEndpoints> <InputEndpoint name="HttpIn" protocol="http" port="80" /> </InputEndpoints> </WebRole></ServiceDefinition>

Note: Setting the enableNativeCodeExecution attribute to true for a role in your service definition file enables support for native code applications. Native code support is necessary for FastCGI processes to execute.

Task 4 – Copying your PHP Interpreter into the PHP Project

In this task, you include the binaries for the PHP interpreter in your project in order to use FastCGI to execute the application. For an interpreter to be supported in Windows Azure, it must be possible to deploy it using XCOPY.

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1. Open an elevated Windows Azure SDK command prompt. To do this, right-click the Windows Azure SDK Command Prompt shortcut in Start | All Programs | Windows Azure SDK v1.2 and select Run as administrator.

2. At the command prompt, change the current directory to the exercise folder.

Windows Azure SDK Command Prompt

cd "C:\WindowsAzurePlatformKit\Labs\WindowsAzurePHPVS2010\Source\Ex02 - PHPonWindowsAzure\begin"

3. Now, execute the following commands to create the Web role application folder where you will create your service package.

Windows Azure SDK Command Prompt

C:\...\Ex02 - PHPonWindowsAzure\begin>md myphpapp_WebRoleC:\...\Ex02 - PHPonWindowsAzure\begin>md myphpapp_WebRole\bin

4. Next, copy the PHP application and PHP assemblies to the web role folder.

Windows Azure SDK Command Prompt

C:\...\Ex02 - PHPonWindowsAzure\begin>robocopy myphpapp myphpapp_WebRole\bin /EC:\...\Ex02 - PHPonWindowsAzure\begin>robocopy C:\PHP myphpapp_WebRole\bin\php /E

Note: The location of the interpreter must correspond to the relative path and file name that you specified in the fullPath attribute of the application element in the webRole.config file. In this case, the value is relative to %RoleRoot%\approot, which corresponds to the root of the web role project.

Task 5 – Preparing your Service for Deployment

In this task, you use the cspack.exe command-line tool. This tool is included in the Windows Azure SDK to prepare your service for deployment to the local Development Fabric.

1. At the command prompt, execute cspack.exe to build the service package specifying the name of the service definition file and the type of role for the service.

Windows Azure SDK Command Prompt

cspack.exe "ServiceDefinition.csdef" /role:WebRole;"myphpapp_WebRole\bin" /copyOnly /generateConfigurationFile:"ServiceDefinition.csx\ServiceConfiguration.cscfg"

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Note: You must call cspack.exe with the /copyOnly option only if you want to prepare the service for local deployment.

/copyOnly

Creates a directory layout for the role binaries, which the development fabric can use to run the service locally.

/generateConfigurationFile

Generates a skeleton configuration file, ServiceConfiguration.cscfg, for your service that can be edited to specify the value of the settings and number of role instances in the service before deploying it.

2. Verify that the command to build the service package executed successfully. Open Windows Explorer and navigate to Ex02 – PHPonWindowsAzure\begin\ in the Source folder of the lab. You should see a new directory layout created in your lab folder as shown in the following figure.

Figure 19Windows Explorer showing the application directory layout created by CSPACK

3. For further verification that the command executed successfully, open ServiceConfiguration.cscfg, located inside Ex02 – PHPonWindowsAzure\begin\

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ServiceDefinition.csx in the Source folder of the lab and ensure that it contains the following settings.

(Code Snippet – Windows Azure PHP- Ex1 Step5-3 ServiceConfiguration.csfg – XML)

XML

<?xml version="1.0"?><ServiceConfiguration xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" serviceName="myphpapp" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration"> <Role name="WebRole"> <ConfigurationSettings /> <Instances count="1" /> </Role></ServiceConfiguration>

Note: The Instances element specifies the required number of role instances for the service to operate. By increasing the value of this attribute, you instruct the Development Fabric and the Windows Azure hosting environment (if deployed to the cloud) to run multiple instances of the Web role, which is generally recommended.

Task 6 – Deploying your Service to the Azure Development Fabric

In this task, you use the csrun.exe command-line tool to deploy your service to the local Development Fabric. This tool is included in the Windows Azure SDK.

1. At the Windows Azure command prompt, execute the csrun command to deploy your service to the development fabric specifying the location of the service package directory (ServiceDefinition.csx) and the service configuration file (ServiceConfiguration.cscfg).

Windows Azure SDK Command Prompt

csrun.exe "ServiceDefinition.csx" "ServiceDefinition.csx\ServiceConfiguration.cscfg" /launchBrowser

Note: The service directory and the service configuration file were created using the cspack command in the previous task. If you are running as a non-administrative user, you are prompted for administrator credentials when you perform this action.

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2. If the command executes successfully, the output should be similar to that shown in the figure below that displays your service deployment endpoint. When hosting your service in the Development Fabric for 32-bit systems, a message is also shown warning that Windows Azure hosted services run in a 64-bit environment.

Note: The deployment endpoint is typically http://127.0.0.1:81/. Each time you create a new deployment, the development fabric assigns the first available port at or above the port number specified in the service definition file.

Figure 20Command prompt showing the service deployment endpoint

3. If the deployment is successful, the above command will also launch your service using the default browser, as shown in the following figure.

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Figure 21Running application following the successful deployment to the Development Fabric

Verification

In this task, you verify that you deployed the PHP application to the Azure Development fabric successfully. You first point your browser at the deployment endpoint, and then check to see the service running in the development fabric.

1. Point your browser to the deployment endpoint http://127.0.0.1:81/.

2. Open the development fabric UI by right clicking its icon in the system tray and selecting Show Development Fabric UI.

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Figure 22Opening the development fabric UI

3. Notice the deployment for the myphpapp service and a single Web role instance associated with the service, as shown in the figure below.

Figure 23Development Fabric showing the deployed PHP Web role

4. To stop the running service deployment, right-click the deployment in the Development Fabric and select Remove.

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Figure 24Removing a service deployment in the Development Fabric

Exercise 3: Creating PHP Applications with Visual Studio

In this exercise, you use Microsoft Visual Studio and the Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio to create a PHP application and execute it in the local Development Fabric. To do this, you repeat essentially the same tasks that you performed in the previous exercise to appreciate how these are streamlined using the tools and templates included in Visual Studio.

Task 1 – Creating the Visual Studio Project

In this task, you create a new Cloud Service project in Visual Studio for building a web role that hosts a FastCGI application.

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1. Open Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 elevated as Administrator from Start | All Programs | Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 by right-clicking Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and choosing Run as administrator.

2. If the User Account Control dialog appears, click Continue.

3. From the File menu, choose New and then Project.

4. In the New Project dialog, expand the language of your preference (Visual C# or Visual Basic) in the Installed Templates list and select Cloud. Choose the Windows Azure Cloud Service template, set the Name of the project to myphpapp and the name of the solution to begin, change the location to Ex03 - PHPAppsWithVisualStudio in the Source folder of the lab, and ensure that Create directory for solution is checked. Click OK to create the project.

Note: The language chosen here (Visual C# or Visual Basic) is not relevant unless you decide to include non-PHP content in the project.

Figure 25Creating a new Windows Azure Cloud Service project

5. In the New Cloud Service Project dialog, inside the Roles panel, expand the tab for the language of your choice (Visual C# or Visual Basic), select CGI Web Role from the list of available roles and click the arrow (>) to add an instance of this role to the solution. Before closing the dialog, select the new role in the right panel, click the pencil icon and rename the role as PHP_WebRole. Click OK to create the cloud service solution.

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Figure 26Assigning roles to the cloud service project

6. Add a PHP script to the project. In Solution Explorer, right-click the PHP_WebRole project, point to Add and select New Item. In the Add New Item dialog, choose the General category and then the Text File template, set the name to index.php and click Add.

Figure 27

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Adding a PHP script to the project

7. Open index.php and insert the following content into the file.

PHP

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Note: phpinfo() is commonly used to check configuration settings and available predefined variables on a given system.

8. Configure a default document for the application. Open the Web.config file in the PHP_WebRole project, locate the system.webServer section and insert the following (highlighted) configuration fragment.

XML

<system.webServer> ... <modules ... /> <handlers> ... </handlers> <defaultDocument enabled="true"> <files> <add value="index.php" /> </files> </defaultDocument></system.webServer>

9. In Solution Explorer, review the structure of the created solution.

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Figure 28Solution Explorer showing the PHP cloud application

Note: The generated solution contains two separate projects. The first project, named myphpapp, holds the configuration for the web and worker roles that compose the cloud application. It includes the service definition file, ServiceDefinition.csdef, which contains metadata needed by the Windows Azure fabric to understand the requirements of your application, such as which roles are used, their trust level, the endpoints exposed by each role, the local storage requirements and the certificates used by the roles. The service definition also establishes configuration settings specific to the application. The service configuration file, ServiceConfiguration.cscfg, specifies the number of instances to run for each role and sets the value of configuration settings defined in the service definition file. This separation between service definition and configuration allows you to update the settings of a running application by uploading a new service configuration file.

The Roles node in the cloud service project enables you to configure what roles the service includes (Web, worker or both) as well as which projects to associate with these roles. Adding and configuring roles through the Roles node will update the ServiceDefinition.csdef and ServiceConfiguration.cscfg files.

The second project, named PHP_WebRole, is a Web Application project to host your PHP application. It contains a Web.config file containing configuration settings for the Web application and a Web.roleconfig file with FastCGI-specific settings.

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Task 2 – Updating the Web.roleconfig File

In this task, you update the Web.roleconfig file, which is used to configure IIS to run FastCGI in the Development Fabric and in the Windows Azure cloud.

1. Open the Web.roleconfig file in the PHP_WebRole project to configure the FastCGI application.

2. Locate the fastCGI section inside the system.webServer section and uncomment the application element it contains.

Note: For CGI Web Roles, Visual Studio includes this setting in its template. To complete the configuration, you need to uncomment the corresponding element and specify the path to the CGI application.

3. In the application element, change the value of the fullPath attribute to "%RoleRoot%\approot\php\php-cgi.exe" and set the arguments attribute to an empty string.

Figure 29Configuring the path to the FastCGI application

Note: The fullPath attribute points to the location of the CGI application binaries, in this case the PHP interpreter. The path is given relative to the root directory of the role when deployed in the Azure environment and is indicated by using the special environment variable %RoleRoot% and the approot directory that corresponds to the root of the web role project.

Task 3 – Configuring Handlers for FastCGIPage | 32

In this task, you configure the PHP handler to point to the PHP interpreter that you deploy with your application.

1. Open the Web.config file in the PHP_WebRole project to configure the handler for the PHP content.

2. Locate the handlers section inside system.webServer and uncomment the handler named FastCGI Handler.

3. Change the path attribute of the FastCGI Handler to the string "*.php" to indicate that this handler should process any request for documents with this extension.

4. Next, change the scriptProcessor attribute to the value "%RoleRoot%\approot\php\php-cgi.exe".

Figure 30Configuring the FASTCGI handler

Note: Visual Studio includes the necessary handler settings in the Web.config file it generates for CGI Web Role projects. To enable the handler, you need to uncomment the corresponding element in the configuration file, provide the location of the scriptProcessor and configure the path for PHP content.

Task 4 – Copying your PHP Interpreter into the PHP Project

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In this task, you copy the PHP interpreter into your project in order to include its binaries in the service package that you deploy to the Azure environment. For an interpreter to be supported in Windows Azure, it must be possible to deploy it using xcopy.

1. Using Windows Explorer, browse to the folder where you installed the PHP interpreter in Exercise 1. If you followed the lab instructions, it should be located in C:\PHP.

2. Ensure that the Visual Studio window is visible, then drag and drop the PHP folder from the Windows Explorer window onto the PHP_WebRole project node in Solution Explorer. This copies the contents of this folder into the project.

Figure 31Including the PHP interpreter in the Visual Studio solution

Verification

You are now ready to test the completed PHP application in the Development Fabric.

1. Press F5 to build and run the solution. Once the build completes and the application is deployed to the Development Fabric, the browser opens and shows the default document, which you defined in Task 1.

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Figure 32Viewing the PHP application in the browser

2. Open the development fabric UI by right clicking its icon in the system tray and selecting Show Development Fabric UI.

3. Notice the deployment for the myphpapp service and a single Web role instance associated with the service, as shown in the figure below.

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Figure 33Fast CGI role running in the Development Fabric

Summary

By completing this hands-on lab, you learnt how to enable FastCGI and host PHP applications on IIS 7.0 and Windows Azure. In addition, you saw how to use the Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio to create a cloud service project that can host PHP applications.

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