6

Ayurvedic review of literature

Garbhadhan Vidhi :-

mÉÑÂwÉxrÉÉlÉÑmÉWûiÉUåiÉxÉ: Îx§ÉrÉɶÉÉmÉëSÒ¹rÉÉåÌlÉzÉÉåÍhÉiÉaÉpÉÉïzÉrÉÉ rÉSÉ pÉuÉÌiÉ xÉÇxÉaÉï: UÚiÉÑMüÉsÉå ,rÉSÉ

cÉÉlÉrÉÉåxiÉjÉÉrÉÑ£åü xÉÇxÉaÉåï zÉÑ¢üzÉÉåÍhÉiÉxÉÇxÉaÉïqÉliÉaÉïpÉÉïzÉrÉaÉiÉÇ eÉÏuÉÉå AuÉ¢üÉqÉÌiÉ xÉiuÉxÉÇmÉërÉÉåaÉɨÉSÉ aÉpÉÉåï AÍpÉÌlÉuÉiÉïiÉå |

cÉ.zÉÉ.3/3

Charakacharya defines the ‘Garbha’ as a combination of shudha

shukra and shudha Artava in proper Rutukala along with life principle

‘Atma’, implanted within Garbhashaya .

Pregnancy occurs when a mature capacitated spermatozoa

fertilizes a mature liberated ovum inside healthy uterus during

Rutukala(ovulatory period).’Satva’ along with ‘Atma’ enters in this

fertilized ovum ,then it is called as ‘Garbha’.

The appropriate age for conception :

Male at the age of Twenty Five and female at the age of Sixteen

are fully mature, hence they should attempt for achievement of

conception.

mÉgcÉÌuÉÇvÉå iÉiÉÉå uÉwÉæï mÉÑqÉɳÉÉUÏ iÉÑ wÉÉåQûvÉå | xÉqÉiuÉÉaÉiÉuÉÏrÉÉæï iÉÉæ eÉÉlÉÏrÉÉiÉç MÑüvÉsÉÉå ÍpÉwÉMç || xÉÑ.xÉÔ35/13

According to Sushrutacharya if conception occurs below 16yrs age

the progeny may be short living or having some complications.Also

FlÉwÉÉåQûvÉuÉwÉÉïrÉÉqÉmÉëÉmiÉÈ mÉÇcÉÌuÉÇvÉÌiÉqÉç |rɱÉkɨÉå mÉÑqÉÉlÉç aÉpÉïÇ MÑüͤÉxjÉÈ xÉ ÌuÉmɱiÉå ||

eÉÉiÉÉå uÉÉ lÉ ÍcÉUÇ eÉÏuÉåieÉÏuÉå²É SÒoÉïsÉåÎlSìrÉÈ | iÉxqÉÉSirÉliÉoÉÉsÉÉrÉÉÇ aÉpÉÉïkÉÉlÉÇ lÉ MüÉUrÉåiÉç ||

AÌiÉuÉ×®ÉrÉÉÇ .............. aÉpÉÉïkÉÉlÉÇ lÉæuÉ MÑüuÉÏïiÉ | xÉÑ. vÉÉ. 10/54-56 8

7

Garbhasambhavasamagri :

rÉjÉÉå£åülÉ ÌuÉÍkÉlÉÉåmÉxÉÇxM×üiÉvÉUÏUrÉÉåÈ x§ÉÏmÉÑÂwÉrÉÉåÍqÉï´ÉÏpÉÉuÉqÉÉmɳÉrÉÉåÈ vÉÑ¢üÇ vÉÉåÍhÉiÉålÉ xÉWû xÉÇrÉÉåaÉ

xÉqÉåirÉÉurÉÉmɳÉqÉurÉÉmɳÉålÉ rÉÉålÉÉuÉlÉÑmÉWûiÉÉrÉÉqÉmÉëSÒ¹å aÉpÉÉïvÉrÉå aÉpÉïqÉÍpÉÌlÉuÉïiÉïrÉirÉåMüÉliÉålÉ |

rÉjÉÉ ÌlÉqÉïsÉå uÉÉxÉÍxÉ xÉÑmÉËUMüÎsmÉiÉå UgeÉlÉÇ xÉqÉÑÌSiÉaÉÑhÉqÉÑmÉÌlÉmÉÉiÉÉSåuÉ UÉaÉqÉÍpÉÌlÉuÉïiÉïrÉÌiÉ, iɲiÉç, rÉjÉÉ uÉÉ ¤ÉÏUÇ

SklÉÉÅÍpÉwÉÑiÉqÉÍpÉwÉuÉhÉÉ̲WûÉrÉ xuÉpÉÉuÉqÉÉmɱiÉå SÍkÉpÉÉuÉÇ, vÉÑ¢üÇ iɲiÉç || cÉ. vÉÉ. 8

When both male and female after observing the advocated

dietetic regimen and other mode of life perform coitus and ejaculated

unvitiated shukra, passing through healthy yoni, reaches healthy

garbhashaya and gets mixed with disease free shonita, then

conception is definite, in the same way as a white cloth definitely takes

up any dye, as milk mixed with curdling yeast changing original

character forms curd, similarly shukra also gets changed in the form of

garbha. Sushruta equating of

conception says that if ruta, bija, kshetra, ambu assemble together,

the conception will definitely occur.

kÉëÑuÉÇ cÉiÉÑhÉÉïÇ xÉÉ̳ÉkrÉÉiÉç aÉpÉïÈ xrÉÉiÉç ÌuÉÍkÉmÉÔuÉïMüqÉç |

GiÉѤÉå§ÉÉqoÉÑoÉÏeÉÉlÉÉÇ xÉÉqÉaÉërÉÉSXèMÑüUÉå rÉjÉÉ || xÉÑ. vÉÉ. 2/33

In process of reproduction there are certain factors which

are basic but essential whatever cycles are present in universe are

present in body also for the germination of seed to a healthy plant four

things are necessary.

Rutu – season, ksheta – field, Ambu – water, Beeja – seed.

Well prepared kshetra, healthy seed, favourable season, and

necessary nutritional supply is required for gerbhanirmiti.

Factores essential for Garbha Nirmiti :

1. Rutu – Ovulatory period (12-16th day of menstrual cycle)

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2. Kshetra – Uterus

3. Ambu – Nutritive Rasadhatu

4. Beeja – stree beeja & purushbeeja

For Garbh sthapana above four factors are essential..

9

Garbhaprakriti : This Prakriti is influenced by 4 factors when the

Garbha is in the womb of mother. These factors are

iÉ§É mÉëM×üirÉÉSÏlÉ pÉÉuÉÉlÉlÉÑurÉÉZrÉÉxrÉÉqÉÈ| iɱjÉÉ zÉÑ¢üzÉÉåhÉÏiÉmÉëM×üiÉÏ,

MüÉsÉaÉpÉÉïzÉrÉmÉëM×üiÉÏ,qÉÉiÉÑUÉWûÉUÌuÉWûÉUmÉëM×üiÉÏ,qÉWûÉpÉÑiÉÌuÉMüÉUmÉëM×üÌiÉÇcÉ aÉpÉïzÉUÏUqÉmɤÉiÉ|| cÉ.ÌuÉ. 8/95

1. Sukra Sonita Prakriti- can be considered under hereditary

factors.

2. Kala- Garbhasaya Prakriti- is the strength and state of the

genital organs.

3. Matru-ahara Vihara Prakriti- is the diet and behaviour followed

by pregnant woman

4. Mahabhoota Vikara Prakriti-is the derivative of Mahabhootas.

These four factors influence the Garbha from the time of

conception till labour. Along with the above mentioned factors

Panchamahabhootas, another six more factors have been

described by Acharyas Charaka.

SHADBHAWAS AND GARBHA NIRMITI :

Considering this fact the formation of garbha is said to be from

Shadbhawas, six components Matruja, Pitruja, Rasaja, Atmaja,

Satwaja and satmyaja bhawas.

ekr`r% fir`r% vkRer% lkRE;rks jlr% lRor bR;sH;ks

Hkfo;% leqfnrsH;ks xHkZ% lEHkofr AA p-la-’kk- 4&4

ufg ekrk u firk u vkRek r ekRE;a -----

--------xHkZ ;RoeoØkefr A p-la-’kk 3&4

None of these factors singularly are capable of forming the

embryo, it is formed only with combination of all these.

10

;kfu rq [kYoL; xHkZL; jltfu -----

------ izk.kkuqcU/k Lr`fIr % iqf’V#Rlkg’psfr ¼jltkfu½ AA

p-la-’kk- 3&12

Rasa plays an important role in the manifestation, growth of

garbha, continuity of the strength with satisfaction plumpness and

enthusiasm.

Hkkxknhuka [kyq xHkZdjkuka -----dq{kkS o`f/nekIuksfr A p-la-’kk- 4&27

Following factors are responsible for the proper development of

the garbha.

1) Excellence of ‘Shadbhawas’ .

2) Proper regimen by the mother during pregnancy as described in

the text i.e. ‘Garbhini Parichariya’.

3) Proper nourishment through ‘Upasneha’ (osmosis ) and

‘Upasweda’ (diffusion) respectively.

4) Proper time of conception ‘Rutukala’.

5) Natural tendencies.

6) Fulfillment of ‘Dauhruda’.

The mentioned Matrija, Pitrija and Atmaja bhavas

can not be changed as they come from the parents and

Poorvajanma Samskaras respectively. The other three bhavas

viz.Satmyaja, Rasaja and Satvajabhavas can be changed by

proper medication and proper Ahara and Vihara.

11

1) Satmyaja Bhava : Dalhana, in his commentary, stated Satmya

as a Sukha Bhava. Those are called as Satmya substances which

stabilize the health in a healthy person and which help in

alleviation of the disease or vitiated Doshas in an unhealthy

person. This Satmya depends upon many factors like Desa,

Kala, Jati, Ritu, Roga, Vyayama, Udaka etc. Satmya, in this

context, refers to the Ahara Rasa which is favourable to mother

and foetus. The Satmyaja food when taken by the mother

provides proper nutrition to herself and foetus. When the same

Ahara which is taken by the mother is not suitable to herself and

foetus will result in poor nutrition of the both. It may also lead

to improper organogenesis of foetus, disproportion in various

organs of foetus (Asymetrical IUGR), small for gestation age

babies, etc. In severe conditions, Garbha Srava and Garbha Pata

are also likely to occur. According to modern medicine, woman

who smokes or consumes alcohol have been identified to abort

spontaneously. This is an example of the effect of Asatmya

Ahara. The Satmya (Congenial) and Asatmya (non congenial)

substances will be described widely in all ayurvedic classics.

2)Rasaja Bhava: Rasa is that substance whi Rasa is that

substance which flows continuously and which is tasted by

tongue and felt by mind. In this context, Rasa refers to balanced

Ahara Rasa. The balanced Ahara Rasa which is taken by the

pregnant woman helps in formation of Sapta Dhatus in required

amount in the foetus. Rasa Dhatu of the mother performs three

functions. (1) MatruPushti (2) Garbha Pushti (3) Stana/Stanya

Pushti.. Hence, one of the contributions of Rasaja bhava can be

taken as Garbha Poshana. In chetna (alive) garbha, Vibhajana

(division), Pachana (metabolism), Kledana (moistening),

Samhana (solidification) and Vivardhana (increase in size) are

12

done by vayu, teja, jala, prithvi amd akash respectively.

13

3) Satvaja Bhava: Along with Rasa and Satmya, Satva is also an

essential factor for foetal growth and development. The Satva of

the foetus is moulded by 3 factors. They are

(1) Satva of Mata and Pita - Genetic derivatives.

(2) Garbhini Uparjita Karma - Gestation derivatives.

(3)Janmanantara Visesha Abhyasa -Environmental derivative

In these, the second factor i.e. Garbhini Uparjita Karma has very much

practical importance related to our context. In our classics preference

has been given to Saumanasya of Mana during antenatal period.

Acharyas have clearly stressed the "Saumanasya Bhava" of both the

counterparts. They have even stressed the negative results in the

foetus if followed otherwise. The activity of mother during gestation

period upto delivery will result in the same Manobhavas in the foetus

as well.

Dauhrida Avastha of Garbhini is a very essential Satvaja Bhava.

Acharyas have clearly specified that the suppression of desires of the

Dauhridini may influence the psychology of both mother and foetus.

Acharyas say that whatsoever the Dauhrida woman desires, it should

be fulfilled except the things likely to injure the foetus.

Sushruta has mentioned that non-fulfillment of desires produce,

Kubja (hump backed), Kama (crooked armed or legged), Jada (idiot),

Vamana (dwarf), Vikritaksha (dis shaped eyed) foetus. So, these all

clarify that the Satvaja Bhava is an essential factor for foetal health.

The above description concludes that Culmination of all the factors is

essential for the growth and development of Garbha.

GARBHA NIRMITI

Views of various Acharya’s about Garbha nirmiti :

’kqØ’kksf.kr thola;ksxs rq [kyq dqf{kxrs xHkZlaKk Hkifr AA p-’kk- 4&5

14

’kqØ’kksf.kr xHkkZ’k;LFkekRe izÑfr fodkj laewfPNZra xHkZR;qPprs A

,oa fDof/kzr% l ;nk ----- ‘’kfjjferh laKk ykHkrs A

xÉÑla-’kk 5&3

Charakacharya defines the Garbha as a combination of shudha

shukra, shudha Artava in proper Rutukala with life principle Atma,

implanted within Garbhashaya.

Sushrutacharya added association of prakruti and vikara for

Garbha, when grows and developed into body parts it is called as

shareer.

Panchabhautic involvement in garbha :

The embryo is product of akasha, vayu, agni, jala and prithvi,

etc. five mahabhutas and seat of chetna (atma), thus chetna is

sixth dhatu7. Vagbhata & Bhavaprakasha mentions the association

the Mahagunas (satwa, rajas and tamas) alongwith above

components of embryo, at other place the ojas is said to be essence

of garbha or essence part of first dhatu of garbha.

aÉpÉïxiÉÑ

ZÉsuÉliÉËU¤ÉuÉÉruÉÎalÉiÉÉårÉpÉÔÍqÉÌuÉMüÉU¶ÉåiÉlÉÉÍkɸÉlÉpÉÔiÉÈ | LuÉqÉlÉrÉÉ rÉÑ£ürÉÉ mÉgcÉqÉWûÉpÉÔiÉÌuÉMüÉUxÉqÉÑSÉrÉÉiqÉMüÉå

aÉpÉï¶ÉåiÉlÉÉÍkɸÉlÉpÉÔiÉÈ, xÉ ½xrÉ wɸÉå kÉÉiÉÑ£üÈ || cÉ. vÉÉ. 4/6

Ayurvedic classics explains that the human body is composed of

five mahabhutas. Source of These mahabhutas are said to be

mother, father , manasa and atma which is always associated with

satwa. Shonita and shurkra of mother and father respectively

greatly depend on the satmya ahara.

chtkydSeZgkHkwrS% lw{eS% lRokuqxS’pl% A

ekrq’pkgkjjltS% ØekRdqvkS foo/kZrs AA v-g-’kk- 1&2

15

All Mahabhutas helps fetus to grow in the Uterus.

GARBHA POSHANA :

Acharyas have given different views regarding nourishment of

fetus called Garbhaposhana.

O;ixifiiklkcqHkq{kLrq [kyq xHkZ% ijrU=o`fRr ekZr’ekfJO;----

------- orZ;R;UueZr% AA p-la-’kk- 6&23

Charaka says, the fetus does not feel hunger, thirst and is totally

dependent upon the mother in initial stage when its specific body part

though present are not completely existed, it gets, its subsistence by

attracting moisture and osmoses. Afterwards when body parts are

visualized a part of nourishment is obtained by Upasneha permeating

through pores of skin situated in hair roots of the body and part

through the passage of umbilical cord. Nutritive Rasadhatu reaches

to the Garbha ,this type of nourishment is called as

‘Romakupayanarupasneha’ development.

The fetus is attached to the Umbilical cord – Umbilical cord –

placenta and placenta to the mother’s heart. Mothers heart provides

Rasa to the placenta by running and oozing vessels.

rrks O;fDrHkonM~xizR;M~xLFkkML; ukH;ka ------

iDok’k;s Lodk;fXuuk iPpeku% izlknckgqY;k/nRokfniqf’Vdj%

lEi|rs A v-la-’kk-2 @92&33

According the Ashtang sangraha from the Umbilical cord the

rasa reaches pakwashaya (digestive system) of the fetus, there with

its own kayagni rasa gets metabolized and provides nourishment to it.

rasa carries pure nutrients, hence excretes are not formed.

16

fu'oklksPNkokllM{kksHkLoIuku~ xHkksZ f/kxPNkfr A

ekrqfuZ’oflrksPN~okl lM~lksHkLoizlEHkoku~ AA lq-la-’kk- 2&55

Sushruta expains that inspiration, expiration activity and

sleep of Fetus are dependent upon the mother.

ekrqLrq [kyq jlogk;ka ukM;ka ----- f=;Zxxrkuka /keuhukeqiLusgh

tho;fr AA lq-la-’kk- 3 &31

The fetal Umbilical cord is attached to the maternal

Rasavahanadi caring the essence of mother’s diet and fetus

grows by obtaining nourishment through Upasneha.

;nUuikua izk;s.k xfHkZ.kh L=h fuosors A

jlks fuoZrZrs rkgd f=/kk pkL;k% izorZrs AA dk-la- ysgk/;k;

ekr`iq’V;FkZ esdak’kks f}rh;ks xHkZiq’V;s A

r`rh;% Lruiq’V;FkZ] uk;kZ xHkZLrq iq.;fr AA dk-l- ysgk/;k;

During pregnancy 1st part of Ahar-rasa gives nourishment to

mother, 2nd part gives nourishment to fetus & 3rd part is used for

stanyapushti.

/keuhukeqiLrsgks tho;fr ;Fkk iw.kZlj% lfyyksiLusgrh

------ xHkZ dqY;so dsnkja ukMh izh.kkfr rfiZrk A bfr AA lq-la-’kk-9@31]mYgk.k Vhdk

The Garbha requires nourishment from the stage of fertilization.

When it is in the favorable condition it gets its nutrition by

‘Upasnehana nyaya’ (osmosis) . After development of the further

body parts, it gets nourishment from ‘Kedar kulya nyaya’ .

17

GARBHAVRIDDHI :

ra psrrkofLFkra ok;qfoZHktfr] rst ,ua ipfr] vki% Dysn;fUr] i`fFkoh lgfUr] vkdk’ka

foo/kZ;fr AA lq-la-’kk- 5&3

In Chetana Garbha Vibhajana, Pachana, Kledana,

Samhanana and vivardhana are done by Vayu ,Teja ,Jala,

Pruthvi and Akasha respectively.

Vayu and Agni Mahbhuta Plays an important role in the

garbhavriddhi .

xHkZL; [kyq jlfufeRrk p ek#rk/ekufufeRrk p

ifjo`f/nHkZofr ------ LrksrkaLFkfi ;Fkk rFkk A lq-la-’kk- 4&57&59

Sushrutacharya described garbhavriddhi as it is Rasanimitta ,

Marutadhman nimitta and Anala – Anil kruten.

psru;k gsrqHkwr;k ;kon~ ------- vkdk’ka foo/nZ;fr vfrykuy fonkfjr ---------

foo/kZ;fr AA lq-la-’kk 5&3 MYgu Vhdk

Kashyapacharya has mentioned that Vayu and Kala (time

period)are responsible for cell division and structural or functional

development of fetus.

Umbilicus is termed as agnisthana because the process of

nourishment and development takes the place in it. Anala – Anil are

important because Vayu blows the fire which in turn helps to make

essential changes in the subtle structures. Thus Vayu is able to divide

& redivide their structural and functional units. These srotas get large

& elongated and lumen gets increased in all the directions. So nutritive

Rasadhatu is circulated more and more in the body.

Thus Garbha gets nourished.

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DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS AS PER GESTATION

1) Embryo in First month

loZxq.koku xHkZRoekiUu% izFkes ekfl laewfPNZr%

loZ/kkrqdyq’khd`r% [ksVHkwrks HkoR;O;Drfoxzg% lnlnHkwrkMxko;o%AA p-la-’kk 4&9

r= izFkes ekfl dyya tk;rsAA lq-la-’kk 3&12

Charakacharya says that in the first month atma possessing all

the qualities, getting mixed up or vitiated by all the dhatus (bhutas)

attains the shape resembling the Sheshma (mucous character) in

which all the body parts though present are not conspicuous.

According to sushrutacharya in the first month embryo is in the

shape of ‘kalala’

2) Embryo in Second month

f}rh;s ekfl ?ku% laigkrs fi.M% is’;cqana okA

r= ?ku% iq#’k%] is’kh L=h] vcqZma uiqaldeAA p-la-’kk- 4&10

f}orh;s ’khrks‛ekfuySjfHkiziP;ekukuka ekHkwrkuk lM?kkrks

?ku% latk;rs ;fn fi.M%iqekuL=h psr~ is’kh]

uiqalad psncqZnfefrAA lq-la-’kk 3&18

In second month the embryo becomes a solid mass if this solid

mass has oval (pinda) shape the born child would be a male, if

elongated (peshi) the female & with rounded (arbuda) mass the

hermaphrodite

Sushrutacharya elaborated that these accumulated mahabhutas

get processed by the combined action of shleshma , pitta and vayu

and become solid

3) Embryo in Third month

19

r`rh;s ekfl losZfUnz;kf.k lofMxko;ok’p ;kSxi?kSukfHkfuoZrhuksA p-la-’kk- 4&11

r`rh;s gLriknf’kjlka i= fiMdk fuorZUrs··xfoHkkx’p

lq{eks HkofrAA lq-la-’kk 3&18

In third month all the indriyas and minor body parts becomes

apparent, five buds one for head & four for upper & lower extremities

develop.

4) Fetus in Fourth month

prqFksZ ekfl fLFkjRoeki?krs xHkZ%A p- la- ’kk- 4&20

prqFksZ lofMxizR;·xfoHkkx izR;dks Hkofr] xHkZgn;izO;fDr

HkkokPPksruk/kkrqjfHkO;Drks Hkofr% dLekrRRLFkkuRokrAA lq-la-’kka 3&18

Various body parts becomes more conspicuous & stability to the

fetus comes in this month. Manifestation of heart & consciousness

associated with heart have been added by Sushrutacharya.

5) Fetus in Fifth month

iapes ekfl xHkZL; ekal’kksf.krksip;ks HkoR;f/kdeU;sH;ks eklsH;%AA p- la- ’kk 4&21

In the opinion of charakacharya during this month accumulation

of flesh & blood is relatively more .Sushrutacharya opine that the

mana becomes more enlightened.

6) Fetus in Sixth month

20

’k’Bs ekfl xHkZL; cyo.kksZip;k HkoR;kf/kdeU;sH;ks eklsH;%AA lq-la-’kk 3&30

Charakacharya says in this month there is relatively more

accumulation of energy and complexion.

Sushrutacharya explains more enlightenment of Buddhi. As by

24 to 25th weeks sensory & motor organs attain some maturity and

skin becomes pink.

7) Fetus in Seventh month

lIres ekfl xHkZ% losZHkkoSjkI;k;rsA p-la-’kk 4%23

lIres lofMxizR;MxfoHkkx% izO;Drrj% AA lq-la- ’kk 3&30

In seventh month, all the features (muscle, blood, bone) etc. get

proper nourishment. All the major and minor body parts are more

conspicuous or are fully developed & whole body gets completely

associated with vata , pitta and kapha.

8) Fetus in eighth month

Status of ojas in Eight month and its effect

v’Ves ekfl xHkZ’p ekr`rks xHkZr’p ek jlgkfj.khfHk%

laokfguh e`gqe`gqjkst% ijlkjr vknnkrs xHkZL;klaiw.kZRokr~A

rLekRrnk xfHkZ.kh eqgqeqZeqZnk ;qDrk Hkofr eqgqeqZgq’p

Eykuk] rFkk xHkZ%] rLekrknk xHkZLFk tUe O;kifRreHn

oR;kstlksMuofLFkrRokr~A ra psZokFkZefHkleh{;k‛Vea

eklex.;feR;kp{krs dq’kyk%AA p-la- ’kk 4&24

v’VesMfLFkjhHkoR;kst% r= Jkkr’psUu thosfUujkstLokuS+_Zr Hkkx

RokPpAA lq- la- ’kk 3&30

21

Charakacharya say that due to immaturity of fetus the ojas

remains unstable, it moves from mother to fetus and form fetus to the

mother through Rasa carrying channels. Due to this transfer of ojas,

mother and fetus becomes happy or dull alternately (happiness when

ojas is present and dull when ojas has gone the other side) if delivery

takes place, the life becomes doubtful (at the time of delivery if ojas is

in the mother, the fetus will die, if it is in the fetus the life of mother

may be in danger). Wise physicians do not consider this month fit for

labour.

Sushrutacharya corroborating the instability of ojas has

mentioned that child born in this month dies due to absence of ojas

and influence of nairrutya portion.

Measures to prevent labour in eighth month

The pregnant woman should take daily bath, live a pious life and

should remain busy in worship of god. The oblation of meat & cooked

rice should be offered to propitiate the rakashas, because the death of

the child is due to rakshas as, which one said to be inflicted upon the

child by rudra.

9) Fetus in Ninth month

rfLeUusd fnolkfrdzkUrs·fi uoe ekla miknk; izlodkya

vk n’kekr eklkr~A p-’kk 4&25

In this month fetus is will developed with his all organs & ready

to come out of uterus.

22

Morphological Development of Foetus

23

GARBHINI PARICHARYA

In Ayurvedic texts, care of Antenatal period is described as

‘Garbhini Paricharya’.

^rL; ,op vuqi?kkrk;] ifjiw.kZRok; lq[kizlok; pA*

v-l-’kk-3banqVhdk

The three fold principle reveals three motives of antenatal care

Anupaghatay

It means atraumatic pregnancy.

Those factors should be avoided which can cause direct or indirect trauma.e.g.

1) To fall down 2) Injury with sharp substances etc.

Is called as a direct trauma & indirect trauma includes infections, diseases or the things which can hamper the physiology of the

pregnancy for example contraindicated drugs or improper diet etc. According to an Ayurvedic view 1st trimester of pregnancy

‘Garbha’ is in the form of ‘Asanjatsar’ it is semisolid i.e. ‘Dravrupa’. That’s why the diet needs to be of such a quality that can give density

to the Garbha. Madhur (sweet) Snigdha (unctuous) Bruhan, the diet of above mentioned properties is most useful in first trimester such as

milk, honey, curd etc. During 2nd trimester of pregnancy maximum growth &

proliferation takes place. Ayurveda has described three concepts of

vata, pitta & kapha Doshas. Vata helps to do division of the cells, Pitta helps for digestion & improvement of metabolism. Kapha gives

strength to elements of the body. All these functions are described as ‘Vibhajana’ of vata, ‘Parinamana’ of pitta &‘Brihana’ of kapha

respectively. The last trimester is important for growth, development &

maturity of different organs as there is an increased pressure of well- developed fetus upon the origins of vata dosha functions of bowel &

bladder needs to be maintained by giving vatanulomana chikitsa. The treatment which can improve quality of digestion must be provided

hence ‘manda & yavagu’ are advised.

gn;+a nzO;e/kqjizk;a---------A+++++++ p-’kk-

24

Vihar:

The Garbhopaghatakar bhavas which are mentioned in

samhita granthas should be avoided. Garbhopaghatakar bhavas includes all contraindicated majors during pregnancy mentioned by

Acharyas.

Paripurnatvay:

This indicates continuation of pregnancy till term and full

development of fetus without harming the maternal physiology. For continuation of pregnancy till full term with proper

fetal growth Masanumasik garbhini paricharya should be followed. Other Ayurvedic majors should be administered to avoid abortions,

IUGR, IUFD, fetal abnormalities and other pregnancy complications.

Maternal education, health promotion for weight gain & for fetal wellbeing can be done by advising the patient to take diet which

is rich in proteins like, ghee, milk, curd etc. To avoid preterm deliveries drugs like Masanumasik

kashaya can be advised. To reduce the pressure on rectum & bladder basti chikitsa

as a prophylactic major must be done after completing 8th month. It may increase the percentage of vaginal normal delivery.

Sukhaprasavaya:

The events of labour have a long lasting effect on woman psychology

hence psychoprophylactic preparation of patients for removing fear & tension is essential. i.e. counselling during labour is advised.

Pain threshold should be elevated.

1) Early bear down can complicate labour process hence vatanuloman ingredients like application of luke warm ‘Tila’ oil at birth

canal thigh and lower abdomen is described. 2) It avoids the injury to the birth canal & further complications

of labour. 3) In the ninth month for Vatanuloman and Purana Mala

shodhan, purpose Taila prepared with madhura dravyas should be used for Anuvasana or Matrabasti and pichu for softening of birth canal

can be done.

4) Dietetic regime which is advised throughout pregnancy is also helpful for lactation after delivery.

These are principles of Antenatal care

25

Ayurvedic texts described the normal dietetics and mode of life of

pregnant woman.

rLeknfgrkukgkjfogkjkr~ iztklainfePNUrh L=h fo’ks’ks.k otZ;sr~A

lk/okpkjkpkRekueqipjsf/krkH;kekgkjfogkjkH;kferhAA pa- la-’kk- 8&21

Acharya Charak says that the pregnant woman should desire of

a healthy and good looking child, should take suitable diet and protect herself by doing good conduct.

xfHkZ.kh izFkefnolkr izHk`fr fuR;a----------

-------- lkekU;esrnkizlokr~AA lq-;-’kk- 10&3

Acharya Sushruta has advised that the woman from the very

first day of pregnancy should remain in high spirit, pious, decorated

with ornaments, wear clean white garments and performed religious rites. Do auspicious deeds and worship daily, brahmanas and priest.

Her sleeping and sitting place should be comfortable & at proper position. She should use palatable, liquid, sweet and unctuous

substances treated with appetizer. This mode of life should be continued till delivery.

xHkZleku;ksx{ksek fg xfHkZ.kh HkofrA

rjHkfg’ksrLrka fiz;fgrkH;ka xHkksZi?kkrdjsH;ka j{ksrAA v-la-’kk- 2&38

Ashtang sangrahkara has same opinion as Charakacharya,

except he added that Brumhaniya therapy can be given.

vkS"k/khthZouh;k’p ckg;Ur#Ik;kst;sr~AA42AA

---------- ljk pSukeqikpjsr~ AA48AA v-g-’kk-2 @38

Ashtang Hrudaykara advised external and internal use of drugs.

Kindly behaviour of husband and servants helps in maintenance of

pregnancy. Intake of butter, ghee, milk should be increased.

lsforkU;Uuikukfu xfHkZ.;k ;kU;Hk ----A

------ u p dq;fn~O;frdzee~AA dk-la-lq- 18 @24&25

26

Kashyap Acharya says that whatever diet pregnant woman takes

it becomes agreeable to the fetus. Thus diet should be taken considering place of living time or season and digestive capacity.

;kfu nzO;kfu iq.;kfu eM%Y;kfu ’kqphfup A----

uokR;HkXu[k.Mkfu /kkj;s<k yHksr okAA---

/kwfirkfpZrlae`‛ ---------- xU/k/kqik/;ZoktZiS%AA dk- la- ’kk- 5 @12&15

Garbhini should use meritorious, auspicious, pious, new and

unbroken garments and ornaments possessing masculine names. Her living place is fumigated with fragnant drugs. Where worships are

being performed, is free from insects like mosquito etc. Vedic hymns are being recited by Brahmans and songs and instruments are being

played to feel her happily & stress free. Kashyapacharya has given same opinion like as

Sushrutacharya, about her daily routine. He added that she should take bath daily and remain well behaved.

fuR;a Lukrk p ----- xfHkZ.kh iq=Hkkfxuh@ dk- la- fp- 2 @14

She should use hot water, milk and meat. Milk provides nourishment and stability to the fetus. Meat helps in achievement of

pregnancy and provides nourishment to the fetus and it is vatashamak to mother.

Haritacharya has advised use of ‘suran’ and constipation relieving articles along with their juice and all other congenial and

beneficial diets and behaviour. In fifth and eight month after performing auspicious rituals, she should offer food to brahmanas and

family members. Yogratnakara has explained following articles beneficial for

pregnant woman i.e. shali and shashtika rice, mudga (green gram),

wheat flour of parched rice, butter, ghrita, milk, rasala, honey, sugar,

jack fruit, banana, amalaki, draksha, sour and sweet substances. An

ointment with cooling agents, musk, sandal and camphor, wearing of

garlands, moonlight bath, massage, soft-bed, cool air, anabolic or

gratifying edibles, embracing beloved and other pleasing mode of life

along with desired food.

Specific water for garbhini

27

okr?ui=HkMkEHk%’khra Lukus·Uoga fgre~AA v-#- ‘kk- 1&68

Ashtang hridaykara advised cold decoction of vataghna dravyas.

Amulet for garbhini

=So`Rka rq ef.ka d`Rok r Jks.;ka xfHkZ.kh lnkAA18AA dk-la- f[k 10

Kashapacharya advised to wear the amulet made of Trivrut in her waist.

BENEFITS OF MONTHLY REGIMEN

----- ,oekI;k;~rs xHkZ%A----- vuqyksEks fg ok;kS lq[ka izlw;Rks fo#inzok p Hkofr---Alq-l-’kk-10@4

By adopting monthly regimen the fetus attains good growth. Vayu

moves in its right direction. Woman becomes ingratiating, strong and delivers the child without complication.

28

Causes of disorders during pregnancy

Causes of disorders during pregnancy can be differentiated as follows :

1. Nija Hetu – Congenial causes (agreeable to our self)

2. Aagantuj Hetu – can be differentiated as

i) Abhighataj – Traumatic – physical, Psychological

ii) Abhicharaj – Grah badha, Gardhava, Pishachh etc.

iii) Abhishangaj – fear, sex, duger etc.

iv) Abhishapaj – due to curse of Guru, Lord, Rushi etc.

Common causes of disorders during pregnancy :

i) Garbhopaghtakar Bhavas – Dietetics & mode of life contraindicated

for pregnant woman i.e. factors likely to harm the factor.

ii) If Garbhini paricharya explained in previous chapter not followed

properly by pregnant woman it can cause various disorders during

pregnancy

Garbhopghatkarbhavas :

XkHkksZi?kkrdjkfLroes Hkkok% HkofUr A r|Fkk mRdVfo’ke &

dfBuklulsfoU;k okreq=iwjh’kosxkuqi#U/kR;k ------ A

rFkkfe?kkrizihMr% ----- A rFkkfrek= la{kksfHkfHk;kZuS/kkZusu ---- A

izrrksRKu’kf;U;k ----- A foo`Rr’kkf;uh ----- A O;ok;’khy ---- A

vfHk/;k=h ----- A LoIufuR;k ----- A xks?kkeaklfiz;k ------ A

eRL;eaklfrR;k ----- A e/kqjfuR;k ----- A vEyfuR;k ----- A

yo.kfrR;k ---- A d’kk;fuR;k ---- A ;/kPp ;LFk ;Lp ----- A

29

jfr xHkksZi?kkrdjk Hkkok HkoUR;qcRrk% A p-’kk- 1@21

xHkksZi?kkrdjfLRoes Hkkok % HkofUr A r|Fkk loZefrxq# &

‚.krhL.k r#.kk’p ps‛Vk ---- ;’pU;kfi fdafpr~ fL=;ks %

fo|q% AA p-’kk- 4@18

vfr O;ok;ek;kla Hkkja izkojra xq# A

------ dqvkS ‘’kq‛;sfUez;sr ok AA ok-’kk- 1&44&47

rjk izHk`frO;ok;a O;k;kefyriZ.kefrd’kZua ---- A lq-’kk- 3@16

xfHkZ.kh izFkeofMolkr~ izHk`fr --- efyufoÑrghr xk=kf.k u

Li`’ksr ----- A lq-’kk- 10@3

XfHkZ.kh rh{.kkS’k/kO;ok;O;k;ke otZuh;kuke~ ---- A v-la-lw 13@3

rs=ses xHkksZi?kkrdjk % A r|Fkk O;ok;O;k;ked’kZuk ---- r#.kkLo

pa‛;% AA

rFkk nsork j{kksM uqip;ifjj{k.kkFkZ -------- A ;PpkU;jfi

o`/nfL=;ks czq;q% A

rLekRiztklain fePNUrkS lk/okRekreqikpjsrak A fo’ks’ks.k ukjh AA v-la-’kk-2@60 & 62

u pkH;Mks}rZukfu lsosr A ;FkksDrkfu p nks’kdjkf.k &

30

& ifjgjsnki«;ekUeklkr~ AA v- la- ’kk 3 & 3

xfHkZ.kh rh{.kkS’k/k.;ok; O;k;ke otZuh;kuak A p-lw- 25&4

GARBHOPADRAVA

xHkkZr minzo%A

Disorders in healthy woman due to state of pregnancy or fetus is

termed as Garbhopadrava.

In Harit samhita eight disorders which afflicts the pregnant

woman are enlisted as follows.

‘ zÉÉåwÉÉå ¾ÒûssÉÉxÉcNûÌSï¶É zÉÉåÄTüÉåeuÉUxiÉjÉÉÂÍcÉ:|

AÌiÉxÉÉUÉåÌuÉuÉhÉïiuÉqÉç A¹Éå aÉpÉïxrÉÉåmÉSìuÉÉ:|| WûÉ.xÉÇ.iÉÚ.51/1

1) Shosh

2) Hrullas

3) Chhardi

4) Shotha

5) Jwara

6) Aruchi

7) Atisara

8) Vivarntva

COMMON CAUSES :

1) Garbhopaghatkar Bhavas – as described in previous chapter

2) Non Fulfillment of Daurhruda

31

3) Revati or Jat-harini affects the pregnant woman

SAMPRAPTI :-

Aahasrasa of pregnant woman

Nourishes the foetus

Dosha with kleda of foetus

Comes in mothers circulation

Already there is presence of

doshvaishamya in pregnancy.

Increases levels of kleda (toxic levels) in mother

leads to various Garbhopadravas

Avcharyas has given description about Garbhavyapadas.

32

General Principles of Treatment

For Pregnant woman

Certain changes in anatomical & physiological conditions during

pregnancy makes women’s physical health becomes very subtle.

Hence immense care should be taken while treating pregnant women

.The use of tikshna ,ushna ,vishada ,ruksha etc. drugs can harm the

fetus. Hence Aacharyas have advocated some principles of treatment

for a pregnant woman and have also given description of a few

disorders.

Realizing the importance of the subject Kashyapacharya has

described very comprehensive management of antenatal complications

in the ‘Antarvatri chikitsa adhyay’ in khilsthana & ‘Garbhiniroga

chikitsa’ in chikitsa sthana subsequently and thus they have

emphasized how proper management of disorders during pregnancy is

helpful for protection of both mother & fetus.

O;k/kh’pkL;k e`nqe/kqj f’kf’kj lq[k lqd`ekjizkFksZjksa’k/kkgkjks &

ipkjS#ipjsr~ -------- ----- ------ A

--- iw.kZfeo rSyik=elZ{kksHk;rkUroZRuh HkoO;qip;kZ AA

---- xfHkZ.kh rh{.kkS’k/kO;ok; O;k;ke otZuh;k uke A p-la-’kk- 8&22

Charakacharya advocated that pregnant woman should be

treated like a pot filled with oil.

33

According to Acharyas shodhanopakramas are contraindicated in

pregnancy. But some aacharyas are of the opinion that patient can be

treated with mild emetics if indicated. Sushrutacharya advised that in

acute conditions emetics should be given followed by use of sweet &

sour edibles mixed with carminatic drugs. Basti upakrama can be

employed after eight month of pregnancy . Use of pungent drugs,

exercise and coitus should be avoided.

vFk xfHkZ.kh O;k/;qRiRrkoR;;s NnZ;sr~--

xHkZfo#/nk’p fØ;k ;Fkk;ksx foj/khr e`nqizk;k % A lq-la-’kk 10&07

All the pacifying drugs should be given with food or drinks.

Pregnant woman’s diet must be full of soft, sweet and wholesome to

her & her fetus.

common management of diseases :

Depends upon the month of gestation some common

management described by Kashyapacharya, as follows.

Principles of pregnancy during 4th month :

prqFksZ ekfl ---- AA 47 AA

,j.Mi=a {khjs.k okrjksxfUork ficsr AA

okrew=fojks/ks rq ’kwys ok· fi leqfRFkrs AA 51 AA

dk- la- f[k- 10

34

In fourth month of pregnancy if woman suffers from any disorde

of vata, i.e. retention of urine & other pain etc. then errand taila

(castor oil) with milk should be given.

Principles of treatment in fifth month :

i'prs ekfl xfHkZ.;k% O;DrkEyyo.ka rr% A

vkLFkkiua fgra uk;h e/kqja pkuqoklue~ AA 54 AA

dk-la- f[k 10

In fifth month of pregnancy if woman suffers from any disorder

of vata then Aasthapana basti (evacuating enema) containing sour &

satish drugs and anuvasana basti containing sweet substances can be

given.

Principles of treatment of few disorders during 7th month :

ihreaklksi’keua {kkjdekZfXudeZp A

HkXukfL;’ys’k.ka pSo ’kL=deZ rFkSo p AA 154 AA

LIresekfl ukjh.kak loZesrr~ iz;kst;sr~ AA 155 AA

dk-la-f[k- 10

35

In seventh month of pregnancy suppression of protuberant flesh

i.e. cyst, mole etc. use of cauterization , reduction of fractured bone &

other surgical treatment can be done.

Principles of treatment of few disorders in sixth month

xzUFkhuak fifMdkuak p ’kksFks pSo fo’kkEirs A

jksfg.;ak fonz/kkS ok·fi ‚k’k’Bekls fo’ks’kr% AA

;FkkLoa Hks’kta dq;kZ/nk#.ka ’kkL=ikjx% AA 153 AA

dk-la-f[k- 10

During sixth month of pregnancy specially in cases of granthi.

(lymphadenitis) Pidika (furunulosis), shotha (inflammation), rohini

(Pscudo membrane of throat) and vidradhi (abscess) daruna – chikitsa

(rough treatment) i.e. cauterization & surgery are recommended.

36

GARBHAVYAPAD

Disorders of foetus :

xHkZlaHkotks O;kf/k% A v-la-’kk- 4&1

Definition : Disorders or conditions affecting foetus can be described

as garbhavyapad.

Sharangdhar samhita has enumerated eight disorders under the

heading of Garbhavyapad without elaborating them further.

i.e. 1) Upavishtaka

2) Nagodara

3) Makkalla

4) Mudhagarbha

5) Vishkambha

6) Gudhagarbha

7) Jarayudosha

8) Garbhapata

Following few disorders are explained.

37

XkHkZfoP;qfrf}foZ/kk nzoL; L=ko#isr] ?kuko;L; ikr#ise A Vhdk

GARBHASTRAV :

xHkZizL=o.ke~ xHkZL; nzokoL;k;ak foeqfDr%]

eklprq‛V;a ;ko}HkZfoe qfDr% Lok=#ik Hkosr~ A¼Hkkstxkf; Vhdk;ke~½lq-fu- 8&10-

vkprqFkkZr~ rrks eklkr~ izL=osn~ xHkZfoP;qfr % A lq-la-fu- 8&10

Definition – The expulsion of fetus upto fourth month of pregnancy is

known as garbhasrava because the products of conception are in liquid

form.

ii)GARBHAPATA :

vk;rqFkkZr~ rrks eklkr~ izL=osn~ xHkZfoP;qfr% A

rr% fLFkj’kjhjL; ikr% Ikape ’k’B;ks% AA lq-fu- 8&10

Definition – The expulsion of foetus in fifth & sixth months is known as

Garbhapata because by this period foetal parts have attained some

stability.

38

Causes of Garbhasrava & Garbhapata

;s gL; dq{kkS o`f/ngsrqlek[;krk ----- A p-la-’kk- 4&29

lk psPprqIize`fr’kq ekls’kq ----- A p-la-’kk- 8&24

xzkE;/keZ;kuokguk/oxeu izL;yuiziru ---- A lq-la-fu- 8&3

ÑfeokrkfHk?kkrSLrq ----- A lq-la- fu- 8&9

r= iwoksZDrsS% dkj.kS% ikra;fr xHksZ ---- AA lq-la-’kk- 10&57

xkfHkZ.;k% ifjgk;kZ.kak lso;k jksxrks·Fk ok A v-g-’kk- 2&1

Aacharyas elaborated various causes of Garbhasrava & Garbhapata :

1) Aahar – Dietics – state food, consumption of excessive dry,

hot or pungent diet like mustard etc.

2) Viharatah (mode of life) – sitting, standing & sleeping on

uneven place or in abnormal posture, traveling in carriage,

riding on horse, journey on foot, staging or stumbling falling

from height etc.

3) Vegavidharan – Suppression of natural urges, fustily etc.

4) Excessive use of Kshara, emetics & purgatives.

5) Coitus

6) Worm infestation

7) Trauma

8) All the twenty Yonivyapadas cause Garbhasraver &

Garbhapatta ¼Hks-la½

9) Vata dhosla ¼Hkk-iz-] ;ks-ja-] ek-fu-½

10) Psychological & Physical disorders of Mother & disorders of

fetus are responsible for producing fetal complications.

39

11) Psychological Factor – Fear, terror jealousy etc.

12) Heavy exercise

13) Abnormalities of shukra & Vayu

As a fruit falls down untimely due to krimi (insects/parasites) Vata

(Vayu), aghata (trauma). Similarly foetus also gets detached due to

all these factors.

Clinical Feature :

Bleeding per vaginum.

Symptoms :

1) Pain in lower abdomen i.e. at sacral & groin region at urinary

bladder is along with per vagium bleeding.

2) Retention of Urine.

3) Distension of abdomen.

Upadrava of Garbhasrava & Garbhanyapad :

(Complication of abortion)

(1) Shotha (2) Apatanak (3) Arsha

2) GARBHASHOSHA or VATABHIPANNA GARBHA :

vkgkjekIuksfr ;nk u xeZ] ’kks’ka lekIuksfr ifjL=qfra ok A

ra L=h izlqrs lqfpjsr xHkZ] iq’;s ;nk o’kZx.kSjfi LFkkr~ AA

p-la-’kk- 2&95

40

okrkfHkiUu ,o;fr xHkZ% A l ekrq% dqfl r iwj;freana

jpUnrs p AA lq-la-’kk- 10&57

Defn – Due to malnourishment of fetus or vaginal discharges(bleeding)

after conception fetus cannot attains its proper growth and it suffers

from shosha (emaciation or dryness).

Cause – (1) Non-availability of proper diet

(2) Bleeding per vagina

Samrprapti - Due to above causes Vatadosha increases which affects

the oja of fetus according to Dalhana .Vagbhatacharya says that

upward moving Vayu dries rasavahi channels of the fetus ,so it

becomes emaciated.

Garbhoshosha can be referred as Intrauterine growth

restriction of fetus.

3) UPAVISHTAKA GARBHA :

;L;k % iqu#’.krh{.kksi;ksxkn~xfHkZ.;k -----

----- reqifo‛VdfeR;kp{krs dsfpr~ A p-la-’kk- 8&26

lTtkrlkjs egfr xHkZ%z ;ksfuifjL=okr~ A

o`f/keizkIrqou~ xHkZ% dsk’Bs fr’Bfr lLQqj% A 14

mifo’B dekgqLra --- AA v-g-’kk- 2&14&15

41

Deffinition – After some development and attainment of sara( after

fourth month) by the fetus, if women uses contraindicated substances

vaginal discharges or bleeding starts, then fetus does not grow

properly. It stays in uterus for a very long time known as Upavishtaka

Garbha.

Causes –

1. Use of pungent & hot articles during pregnancy.

2. Scanty continuous bleeding per vaginum or other vaginal

discharges.

Clinical Features :

1) Fetus not decreasing in size

2) Kukshi (Garbhasay) does not increase in size

4) NAGODARA or UPASHUSHKAKA GARBHA :

mioklozrdeZijk;k % ---------

-------- l pkfi dkyeofr’Brs · frek=e~] vLiUnr’p Hkofr]

ra- rq ukxksnjfeR;kp{krs AA p-la-’kk- 8&26

’kksdksiokl#{kk|kSjFkok ;ksU;frL=okr~ AA 15 AA

okrs Øq/ns Ñ’k% Ñ‛;sn~xHksZ ukxksnja rq re~ AA

mnja o`/neI;= gh;rs LQqjea fpjkr~ AA16AA v-g-’kk- 2&15&16

42

Defn – The fetus remains in the uterus for a very long time and does

quiver is known as Nagodara.

Causes :

1. Eating stale food & diet which vitiates vatadosha.

2. The woman who often observes fasts

3. Excessive per vaginum bleeding either daily or monthly

Samprapti :

Above causes aggravates vayu so fetus gets desiccated

and does not grow properly. It Remains in uterus for very long time &

does not quiver.This leades to Nagodara.

Clinical Feature :

1. Decreased fetal growth.

2. Decreased abdominal size.

3. Very less quickening.

5) LEENA GARBHA :

;L;k% iquxZHkZ % izlqIrks u LiUnrs ----A p-la-’kk- 8&8

yhuk[;s fu%LQqjs ---- A v-g-’kk- 2&18

43

Definition : When fetus becomes clung or adhered i.e. leena remains

in uterus for a very long duration & causes various complications

known as leenagarbha.

Causes : Garbhopaghatkar bhavas

Samprapti :

Above causes aggravates Vayu ,leads to abnormalities of

srotasas due to Srotorodh fetus becomes lina i.e. adhered and remains

in uterns for very longtime does not quiver, causes various

complications called Leena garbha.

Clinical Features :

Absence of quickening

6) JARAYUDOSHA :

The membranous covering of the fetus during intrauterine stay is

known as jaurayu abnormality to jarayu known as jarayu dosha.

7) MRUTAGARBHA or MUDHAGARBHA :

(Intauterine death of foetal)

;LFkk% iqujkfrekxjks’kksip;k}k ---- dq{ksxZHkksZ fez;rs AA

p-la-’kks- 8&30

ekulkxUrqfHkHkkzrq#irkiS% izihfMr% A

44

xHkksZ O;ki/krs dq{kksZ O;kf/kfHk’p izihfMr% AA

p-la-fu 8&3

e`rs · r#naj ---- A v-g-’kk- 2

Definition : Death of the foetus in uterus is known as Mrutgarbha

Causes :

1. Accuimulation of doshas or physical disorders i.e. various

maternal physical disorders.

2. Abnormalities of diet – i.e. excessive use of pungent & hot

substances.

3. Abnormalities of mode of life & trauma

4. Idiopathic

5. Disorders of fetus – i.e. Aquired abnormalities.

6. Psychological disorders liks anger, sorrow jealousy etc.

7. Abnormal postures i.e. sitting, sleeping or standing abnormalities

8. Nakini Jataharimis & Jataghni Youivyapad

Samprapti :

Due to above causes aggravated vata dosha (Apanvayu)

Comes in uterus leades to detachment of fetus from

garbhashaya called Mrutagarbha.

Clinical features :

45

e`rsMUr#nja ’khra LrC/k /ekra Hkwjk.;Fke~ A

xHkkZLiUnks HkzeLrq‛ek ÑPNknqPNolra Dye%AA 23AA

vjfr% lzLrus=Roekohukeleqn~Hko% AA24 AA v-la-’kk- 2&23&24

Features :

1. Foetal movements disappear

2. Woman feels sever pain

3. Difficulty in breathing

4. Blackish & whitish discoloration of skin of pregnant women.

5. Patient feels darkness, uneasiness, giddiness, dyspnoea.

46

ANTENATAL CARE

Antenatal Care is a branch of therapeutic and preventive

medicine, involving the systemic supervision and education of women

throughout pregnancy.it is with the provision of medical, dietary and

social care for early detection of problems, prevention and treatment

of complications.

Aims and Objectives of Antenatal Visit :

1. Diagnosis of pregnancy.

2. Evaluation of pregnant women clinically.

3. Defining the women at High Risk.

4. Suitable diagnostic procedures to assess women at risk.

5. Appropriate management of high risk pregnancies.

6. Preparation for child birth and infant care.

7. To detect any deviation from normal and treat it

8. To confirm healthy progression of pregnancy.

Frequency of antenatal appointment :

A schedule of antenatal appointments should be

determined by the function of the appointments.

For a woman who is nulliparous with an

uncomplicated pregnancy, a schedule of ten appointments

should be adequate. For a woman who is parous with an

uncomplicated pregnancy, a schedule of seven appointments

should be adequate.

Early in pregnancy, all women should receive appropriate

written information about the likely number, timing and content

of antenatal appointments associated with different options of

care and be given an opportunity to discuss this schedule with

their midwife or doctor.

47

Wherever possible, appointments should incorporate

routine tests and investigations to minimise inconvenience to

women.

Antenatal Visits (NHS)

After first appointment , subsequent appointments should

follow at 16 , 18-20 , 25 , 28 ,31 ,34 ,36 ,38 ,40 and 41 weeks.

Minimum 4 visits are recommended.

Lifestyle considerations

All women should be informed at the antenatal visit about the

importance for their own and their baby’s health of maintaining

adequate nutrition ,diet , vitamin D stores during pregnancy and while

breastfeeding. In order to achieve this, women may choose to take 10

micrograms of vitamin D per day, as found in the Healthy Start

multivitamin supplement. Particular care should be taken to enquire as

to whether women at greatest risk are following advice to take this

daily supplement. These include:

women who have limited exposure to sunlight, such as women

who are predominantly housebound, or usually remain covered

when outdoors

women who eat a diet particularly low in vitamin D, such as

women who consume no oily fish, eggs, meat, vitamin D-

fortified margarine or breakfast cereal

woman with a pre-pregnancy body mass index above 30 kg/m2.

Screening for haematological conditions

Screening for sickle cell diseases and thalassemia should be

offered to all women as early as possible in pregnancy (ideally by 10

weeks). The type of screening depends upon the prevalence and can

be carried out in either primary or secondary care.

48

Screening for foetal anomalies

The ‘combined test’ (nuchal translucency, beta-human chorionic

gonadotropin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) should be

offered to screen for Down’s syndrome between 11 weeks 0 days and

13 weeks 6 days. For women who approaches later in pregnancy the

most clinically and cost-effective serum screening test (triple or

quadruple test) should be offered between 15 weeks 0 days and 20

weeks 0 days.

Screening for clinical conditions

Screening for gestational diabetes using risk factors is

recommended in a healthy population. At the antenatal visit, the

following risk factors for gestational diabetes should be determined:

body mass index above 30 kg/m2

previous macrosomic baby weighing 4.5 kg or above

previous gestational diabetes [NICE clinical guideline]

family history of diabetes (first-degree relative with diabetes)

family origin with a high prevalence of diabetes:

Women with any one of these risk factors should be offered testing

for gestational diabetes [NICE clinical guideline ]

Antenatal information

Antenatal information should be given to pregnant women according

to the following schedule.

At the first contact with a healthcare professional:

–folic acid supplementation

–food hygiene, including how to reduce the risk of a food-

acquired infection

49

–lifestyle advice, including smoking cessation, and the

implications of recreational drug use and alcohol consumption

in pregnancy

–all antenatal screening, including screening for

haemoglobinopathies, the anomaly scan and screening for

Down’s syndrome, as well as risks and benefits of the

screening tests.

At first visit following information should be given (ideally by 10

weeks):

–how the baby develops during pregnancy

–nutrition and diet, including vitamin D supplementation for

women at risk of vitamin D deficiency

–exercise, including pelvic floor exercises

–decide place of birth

–breastfeeding, including workshops

Before or at 36 weeks:

–Two visits for injection T.T , 6weeks apart.

-breastfeeding information, including technique and good

management practices that would help a woman

–preparation for labour and birth, including information about

coping with pain in labour and the birth plan

–recognition of active labour

–care of the new baby

–vitamin K prophylaxis

–new born screening tests

–postnatal self-care

At 38 weeks:

-options for management of prolonged pregnancy.

Thus Antenatal Care is the key to a healthy pregnancy resulting

in a healthy mother and child.

50

Diseases occurring in pregnancy :

These can be enlisted as following

Anemia

Hypertensive disorders

Cardiac diseases

Endocrine disorders : Diabetes ,Thyroid disease , and others

Red cell alloimunization : Rh incompatibility ,Neonatal Jaundice

Infections in pregnancy :

a) Transplacental infections :TORCH Group ,Vericella Zoster

,Parvovirus B19 ,STI ,Reproductive tract infections,

HIV and AIDS

b) OTHERS :

Urinary , Malaria , Tuberculosis ,Hepatitis , Streptococcal ,

leucorrhea ,swine flu

Other diseases : Prolapse , Retroverted Gravid Uterus , Acute Renal

Failure ,Abdominal pain

Abortion

Ectopic pregnancy

Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Preterm Labour

51

Antipartum Hemorrhage : Placenta previa , Abruptio Placenta , Vasa

Previa

Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities : Polyhydramnios ,Oligohydramnios

Trimester Of Pregnancy when diseases or infection occur :

First Trimester :

o Above mentioned diseases when occur in first trimester of

pregnancy Teratogenicity is a major concern as organogenesis

is occurring. Also there are more chances of abortions.

Second and Third Trimester :

o There may be effect on growth, Development, Placental

function. Pregnancy outcome may be bad as preterm labour,

Still birth, Intra uterine foetal death.

52

I) NORMAL FETAL GROWTH AND NUTRITION

Delivery of normal neonate depends upon various factors

during course of pregnancy and hence normal foetal growth

and nutrition is of prime concern.

Morphological growth :

Ovum, Zygote and Blastocyst.

During the first 2 weeks after ovulation, several successive phases

and development can be identified –

• Fertilization

• Formation and free blastocyst

• Implantation of the blastocyst

Primitive chorionic villi are formed soon after implantation. With

the development of chorionic villi, it is conventional to refer the

product of conception not as fertilized ovum or zygote but as an

embryo.

Embryo:

The embryonic period commences at the beginning of the third

week after ovulation and fertilization, which coincides in time with the

expected day that the next menstruation would have started. By this

period, the embryonic disc is well defined. The body stalk is

differentiated, the chorionic sac is approximately 1cm in diameter

there is a true intervillous space that contains maternal blood and

villous cores in which angioblastic chorionic mesoderm can be

distinguished. By the end of the fourth week after ovulation, the

chorionic sac is 2 to 3cm in diameter, and the embryo is about 4 to 5

mm in length. Partitioning of the primitive heart begins in the middle

of the fourth week. Arms and leg buds are present, and the amnion

begins to unsheathe the body stalk, which thereafter becomes the

umbilical cord. At the end of sixth week after fertilization, the embryo

is 22 to 24 mm in length, and the head is quite large compared with

the trunk. The heart is completely formed. Fingers and toes are

present, and the arms bend at the elbows. The upper lip is complete,

and the external ears form definitive elevation on the either side of the

head. The end of the embryonic period and the beginning of the foetal

53

period is arbitrarily designated by most embryologists to occur 8

weeks after fertilization or 10 weeks after the onset of the last

menstrual period. At this time, the embryo-foetus is nearly 4 cm long.

The major portion of lung development is yet to occur, but some new

major body structures are formed after this time.

Foetus:

Development during the foetal period of gestation consists of

growth and maturation of structures that were formed during the

embryonic period.

By the end of 12th week of pregnancy, when the uterus is

usually just palpable above the symphysis pubis, the crown-rump

length of the foetus is 6 to7 cm. Centers of ossification have appeared

in most of the foetal bones, and the fingers and toes have become

differentiated. Skin and nails have developed and scattered rudiments

of hair appear. The external genitalia are beginning to show definitive

signs of male or female gender. The foetus begins to make

spontaneous movements.

By the end of 16th week, the crown – rump length of the foetus

is 12 cm and the weight is 110 gm. Gender can be correctly

determined by experienced observers by inspection of the external

genitalia by 14 weeks.

The end of 20th week is the midpoint of pregnancy as estimated

from the beginning of last normal menstrual period. The foetus now

weighs somewhat more than 300 gm and the weight begins to

increase in a linear manner. The foetal skin has become less

transparent, a downy lanugo covers its entire body and some scalp

hairs get developed.

By the end of the 24th week, the foetus weighs about 630 gm.

The skin is characteristically wrinkled, and fat deposition begins. The

head is still comparatively large; eyebrows and eyelashes are usually

recognizable. The canalicular period of lung development, during which

the bronchi and bronchioles enlarge and alveolar ducts development is

nearly completed. A foetus born at this time will attempt to breathe,

but most will die because of the terminal sacs, required for gas

exchange, have not yet formed.

By the end of the 28th week, a crown-rump length of about 25

cm is attained and the foetus weighs about 1100 gm. The thin skin is

54

red and covered with vernix caseosa. The papillary membrane has just

disappeared from the eyes.

At the end of 32 gestational weeks, the foetus has attained a

crown-rump length of about 28 cm and a weight of about 1800 gm.

The skin surface is still red and wrinkled. At the end of 36 weeks of

gestation, the average crown rump length of the foetus is about 32 cm

and the weight is about 2500 gm. Because of the deposition of

subcutaneous fat, the body has become more rotund and the previous

wrinkled appearance of the face has been lost.

Term is reached at 40 weeks from the onset of the last

menstrual period. At this time, the foetus is fully developed. The

average crown-rump length of the foetus is about 36 cm and the

weight is approximately 3400 gm .

Normal foetal growth :

Human foetal growth is characterized by sequential patterns of

tissue and organ growth, differentiation, and maturation that are

determined by maternal provision of substrate. Placental transfer of

these substrates and fetal growth potential governed by the genome.

In and santolaya- forgas (1988) have divided cell growth into three

consecutive phases. The initial phase of hyperplasia is during the first

16 weeks and is characterized by a rapid increase in cell number. The

second phase, which extends up to 32 weeks, includes both cellular

hyperplasia and hypertrophy. After 32 weeks, fetal growth is by

cellular hypertrophy and during this phase most fetal fat and

glycogen deposition takes place. The corresponding fetal growth rates

during these three phases are

• 5 gm / day at 15 weeks

• 15-20 gm / day at 24 weeks

• 30-35 gm / day at 34 weeks

There is considerable biological variation in the velocity of foetal

growth determined by sonography in the last and half of gestation.

55

Fetal Circulation :

The fetal circulation is substantially different from that of the adult and

functions smoothly until the moment of birth, when it is required to

change dramatically. Oxygen and nutrient materials required for fetal

growth and maturation are delivered to the fetus from the placenta by

the single umbilical vein. The vein then divide into the ductus venosus

and the portal sinus. The ductus venosus is the major branch of the

umbilical vein and transverses the liver to enter the inferior venacava

directly. Because it does not supply oxygen to intervening tissue, it

carries well oxygenated blood directly to the heart.In contrast, the

portal sinus carries blood to the hepatic veins primarily on the left

side, where oxygen is extracted. The relatively deoxygenated blood

from the liver then flows back into the inferior venacava, which also

receives less oxygenated blood returning from the lower body. The

oxygen contents of blood delivered to the heart from the inferior

venacava is thus lower than that leaving from the placenta. In contrast

to postnatal life, the ventricles of the fetal heart work in parallel, not in

series. Well oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, which supplies

the heart and brains, and less oxygenated blood enters the right

ventricles, which then supplies the rest of the body. The less

oxygenated blood coursing along the lateral wall of the inferior

venacava enters the right atrium and is deflected through the tricuspid

valve to the right ventricles. The superior venacava courses inferiorly

and interiorly as it enters the right atrium, ensuring that less well-

oxygenated blood returning from the brain and upper body also will be

shunted directly to the right ventricle. As a result of this blood flow

pattern, blood in the right ventricle is 15 to 20 percent less saturated

than blood in the left ventricle.29

The major portion, almost 90 percent, of blood exiting the right

ventricle is then shunted through the ductus arteriosus to the

descending aorta. Only 15percent of right ventricular output goes to

the lungs. Thus one third of the blood passing through the ductus

arteriosus is delivered to the body.The remaining right ventricular

output returns to the placenta through the two hypogastric arteries,

which distally become the umbilical arteries. In the placenta, this

56

blood picks up oxygen and other nutrients and is then recalculated

back through the umbilical vein. After birth the umbilical vessels,

ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus normally

constrict or collapse. The more distal part of the hypogastric arteries

which course from the level of the bladder along the abdominal wall to

the umbilical arteries, undergo atrophy and obliteration within 3 to 4

days after birth and becomes umbilical ligament. The intraabdominal

remnants of the umbilical vein form the ligamentum teres. The ductus

venosus constricts by 10 to 96 hours after birth and is anatomically

closed by 2 to 3 weeks, resulting in the formation of the ligamentum

venosum.

57

58

DRUG REVIEW

According to W.H.O. the definition of drug is “ Drug is any

substance or product that is used or is intended to modify or explore

physiological systems or pathological state for the benefit of recipient.’’

Ayurveda is the first to give an elaborated description of various

therapeutic measures calculated to aim, not merely for the radical

removal of the causative factors but also at the restoration of

equilibrium of Doshas. The main aim of Ayurveda is to protect the

health of a healthy person and to cure the diseased person. In

Chikitsasthana Charakarya has mentioned two types of drugs

(Oushadha). Among that the Rasayana is for protection of healthy

person. Rasayana drugs are rejuvenating for human body, having anti-

oxidant property, boosts immunity and modify physiological systems

of an indivisual.

xuÉxjÉxrÉÉåeÉïxMüUqÉç iuÉåiÉSè ̲ÌuÉkÉÇ mÉëÉå£üqÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç | cÉ.ÍcÉ.1/14

Ayurved is the most ancient medical science framed on

evidence based principles. For this purpose Vagbhatacharya has

mentioned the characteristics of an ideal drug as a drug, which is

having properties of Bahukalpa, Bahu guna, rich in all its

characteristics. Many herbal, herbo-mineral and purely-mineral

remedies are described for rejuvenating body as well as to build up

immunity by improving physiological systems beside the treatment of

various diseases

Among the vast referances Garbhapalras which is mentioned in

Bharat bhaishajyaratnakar under garbhinichikitsa is found very safer &

simplest medicinal preaparation having some of its drugs the

Rasayana property.

59

ÌWÇûaÉÑsÉqÉçlÉÉaÉuÉÇaÉÉæcÉ Ì§ÉeÉÉiÉÇcÉ MüOÒû§ÉrÉqÉç |

kÉÉlrÉMÇü MÚüwhÉeÉÏUÇcÉ cÉurÉÇSìɤÉÉxÉÑUSÛqÉÈ ||

MüwÉïqÉÉlÉÇmÉÚjÉMçüxÉuÉïÇ MüwÉÉïkÉïsÉÉåWûpÉxqÉcÉ |

xÉmiÉÉWÇûqÉSïrÉåiÉçZÉsuÉå ÌuÉwhÉÑ¢üÉÇiÉÉUxÉålÉcÉ ||

aÉÑÇeÉÉqÉɧÉÉcÉuÉÌOûMüÉ SìɤÉÉYuÉÉjÉålÉrÉÉåeÉrÉåiÉ |

qÉÉxÉmÉëjÉqÉÉUprÉ lÉuÉqÉÉxÉÉliÉqÉåuÉcÉ ||

aÉÍpÉïÍhÉUÉåaÉlÉÉzÉÉjÉïÇ aÉpÉïmÉÉsÉxxÉÑxÉÇxqÉÚiÉÈ || pÉÉ.pÉæ.U./x§ÉÏUÉåaÉ(UxÉcÉÇQûÉzÉÑ)

Contents of Garbhapal ras :

1. ShuddhHingul – 1part

2. Nagbhasma - 1part

3. Vangbhasma - 1part

4. Shunthi - 1part

5. Marich - 1part

6. Pippali - 1part

7. Twak - 1part

8. Ela - 1part

9. Patrak - 1part

10. Dhanyak - 1part

11. Krushnajirak - 1part

12.Chavya - 1part

13.Drakshakalka - 1part

14.Deodaru - 1part

15.Loha bhasma - 1/2part

Bhavanadravya - Vishnukrantaswaras(Aparajita)

60

Thus the main criteria for selection of Garbhapal ras are as follows,

Drugs Actions

Hingul Yogavahi, Rasayan

Nagbbhasma,

vangbhasma

Balya to Uterus and other reproductive

organs, Shrukradhatuvardhak

Trijatak Deepan, Pachan, Hrudya

Trikatu, chavya Deepan, Pachan

Dhanyak, Draksha

Krushnajeerak,

Mutral, Pittashamak, Dahashamak,

Devadaru Garbhsthapak, Gabhashay balya, Kledaghna

Loha bhsma Raktadhatuvardhak, balya, Rasayan

Vishnukranta

Garbhasthapak, Vatashamak, Balya to Garbha

and Garbhashaya.

Decreases irritation in nerves and brain.

Hemostatic action

The drug is having deepan, pachan,rasayan, raktadhatu vardhak,

garhhashay balya, kledaghna activity. Vishnukranta as a bhavana

dravya is a brain tonic, antioxident, decreases irritation in nerves and

brain along with balya to Garbha and Garbhashaya.

Indivisual drug description is given further.

BHAVANA :

बावना- स्वयसाददसमंोग (आमवेुददम शब्दकोष)

बाववतभ-् व्माप्तभ ्द्रवेणाभबभभश्रितवंवभददितभ।्- स ुश्रि १२ /१७-१९

This means the drug is either poured or combined or

triturated with any kind of liquid.

61

Definition Of Bhavana :

मच्िूर्णितस्म धात्वादेद्रवव् सम्ऩेष्म शोषणभ।्

बावन ंतन्भत ंववऻैबािवना ि ननगद्मत॥े य त २/४९

The process in which a powdered drug of mineral,animal or

herbal origin is properly trichurated with liquid ( e.g. expressed juice,

decoction etc) till amalagam becomes dry is called as Bhavana or

Bhavana Samskara.

Procedure :

The material is mixed with liquid media and ground till the whole

material becomes like dough and dries..

The material is mixed with particular liquid media and ground

continuously for the specific period.

Dried powder is poured with bhavana Drava and then kept for

drying under sun light and at night in open air.

Quantity of Bhavana Drava:

द्रवेण मावता द्रव्म ंिूर्णित ंत्वाद्रिता ंव्रजेत।्

तावानेव द्रवो देमो भबषग्भबबािवनाववधौ॥ य त२/५०

VATI KALPANA

Vati Kalpana is the outcome of Kalka Kalpana. Vati is prepared

with the combination of powders of various herbal and mineral

drugs with Guda (jaggery), Sharkara (candy sugar), Guggulu

(Commiphora mukul), Jala (water), Swarasa, Mutra (urine) etc.

drugs.

Definition:

Vati is a solid dosage form prepared either by cooking the

powder of drugs with Jaggery, Sugar or Guggulu or without cooking by

macerating the powder with any liquid like honey and Guggulu then,

rolling into pills.

62

Synonyms:

वटकाश्िाथ कथ्मन्त ेतन्नाभ गदुटका वटी।

भोदको वदटका वऩग्डड गडुो वनतिस्तथोच्मत॥े शा स ंभ ख ७-१

Method of preparation:

Vati is prepared with the combination of powders of various

herbal and mineral drugs with Guda (jaggery), Sharkara (candy

sugar), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Jala (water), Swarasa,

Mutra (urine) etc. drugs.

रेहवसाध्मत ेवन्हौ गडुो वा शकि या तथा।

गभुगरुवुाि क्षऺऩेत्तत्र िूण ंतग्न्नभभिता वदट।

कुमािदवग्न्हभसदे्धन ्क्वश्रिद्गभुगरुाना वटीभ।्

द्रवेण भधुना वाऽवऩ गदुटकाभ ्कायमेद् फधु्॥ श स ंभ ख ७- ॥३॥

Shelf life:

According to Sarangadhara Samhita the shelf life of Gutika is 1

year. Pills containing minerals can be used for an indefinite

period. Pills or Vati can be used until they do not loose their

original colour, smell, taste and form.

ANUPAN :

The medium in which medicine is dissolved or which is tsken

after the intake of medicine is called as Anupana. It is required to

make medicine intake convenient and to increase efficiency of

medicine.

AlÉÑ xÉWû mɶÉÉiÉç uÉÉ SÏrÉiÉå CÌiÉ AlÉÑmÉÉlÉqÉç | zÉÉ.xÉÇ

Here milk is used as anupan. It is pathyakar to Garbhini and

Garbh by its guna,karma

63

Analytical study of drugs

Analytical study of drug sample was done in the standerd lab.The

reports are as follows

Sr.no parameter Twak Marich Ela Shunthi Deodaru

1 Description Fine

powder, reddish,

brown colour

Fine

powder ,grey

colour

Fine

powder cream

colour

Fine

powder, yellow

colour

Fine

powder, yellow

colour

2 LOD 7.86% 7.97% 8.99% 8.60 7.81

3 Ash 5.01% 4.67% 10.74% 8.37 0.85

4 AIA 0.31% 0.15% 1.21 1.75 0.32

5 WSE 7.15% 6.94% 12.38 13.45 2.31

6 ASE 13.86% 8.32% 6.86 7.82 14.23

Sr.no

parameter Draksha

kalka

Pippali dhanyak

krishnjeerak

Chavya

Tamalpatra

1 Description Brown colour

semisolid

Fine powde

r, greeni

sh

Fine powde

r,light greeni

sh

Fine powder,

light brownish

Fine powde

r, brown

ish

Fine powder,br

ownish colour

2 LOD 77.02 11.60 0.53 14.50 8.52 12.61

3 Ash 0.64 8.41 5.88 10.57 5.03 2.35

4 AIA 0.01 0.56 0.34 3.78 0.88 0.69

5 WSE 9.22 33.73 13.54 11.42 3.30 8.49

6 ASE 16.63 26.16 15.33 22.51 2.37 23.31

64

Sr. no parameter Vangabhasma Lohabhasma Nagabhasma

1 Description Fine powder ,grey colour,

test less, odoueless

Fine powder ,reddish

brown, test less,

odoueless

Fine powder ,black colour,

test less, odoueless

2 LOD 0.18 0.14 0.07

3 LOI 1.79 2.20 0.02

4 AIA 96.17 97.06 72.05

Sr.no parameter Aparajita swaras

1 Description Greenish colour, odour characteristic

2 Wt/ml 1.01%

3 pH 5.25

4 Refractive index 1.4270

5 bricks 54%

Sr.no parameters Shuddha Hingul

1 description Reddish brown

colour, fine

powder

2 Mercury(Hg) 80.33%

3 Sulphur (s) 10.65%

65

Sr. No.

Parameters Gokshir

1 Discription An opaque white

emultion like

liquid, little more viscous than

water, taste sweet and

bland,odour faint & peculiar

2 PH 6.43

3 Lactometer reading 28.9

4 Detection of neutralizers Absent

5 Detection of formalin Absent

6 Detection of skim milk powder Absent

7 Detection of starch Absent

8 Detection of suger Absent

9 Detection of urea Absent

Sr.no parameters Garbhpalras

1 description Brown coloured,

biconvex tablet

2 LOD 4.78%

3 Avg.wt 125mg

4 Friability 0.15%

5 Hardness 4.5kg/cm2

6 Disintigration test 12 min.

66

APARAJITA

Botanical name: Clitoria ternatea Linn.

Kula: Aparajita kula

Family: Papilionaceae

Latin name: Clitoria = an anatomical organ fancied to exist in flower

Properties:

RASA: Tikta

GUNA: Ruksha, laghu

VEERYA: Sheeta

VIPAK: Katu

DOSHAGHNATA: Tridoshashamak

Karma: Shothahara, Mriduvirechana, Bhedana, Amapachana, Kasa-

shwasaghna, Vishaghna, Chakshushya, Kanthya, Shoolahara,

Mootrajanana, Vedanasthapana.

External uses: In otitis with lymphadenitis, the crushed leaves,

mixed with saindhav are applied locally. The seeds crushed in

honey are applied locally on throats, in tonsillitis.

Internal uses:

1) Respiratory system: The juice of roots along with milk is an

expectorant. Root powder is given orally in cervical lymphadenitis.

2) Digestive system: Seeds and roots are used in ascites. Seeds are

laxative.

3) Urinary system: Seeds are diuretic. The root decoction reduces

burning of urinary tract.

67

4) Reproductive system: Root is used in spermatorrhoea. The decoction

of roots is also used in burning of vagina.

5) Circulatory system: The juice of leaves with juice of zingiber reduce

perspiration.

Rogaghnata: Apachi, Shotha, Jalodara, Kasa, Shwasa, Jwara, Udara,

Galaganda, Gandamala, Mootrakrichchhra, Shukrameha, Vastishotha,

Yonidaha, Netraroga, Unmada, Amavata, Kushtha, Twakaroga, Visha,

Ardhavabhedaka.

Parts used: Roots, seeds and leaves.

Dosage: The powder of roasted seeds – 1.5 to 4 gms.

Root powder – 3 to 6 gms.

Chemical constituents:

Leaves contain glycosides of kaemferol and stigmast-4ene-3,6 dione.

Other contains are taraxerol, fatty acids, cinnamic acid, etc.

AÉxÄTüÉåiÉÉ ÌaÉËUMüÌlÉï xrÉÉiÉç ÌuÉwhÉÑ¢üliÉÉ AmÉUÉÎeÉiÉÉ |

AmÉUÉÎeÉiÉå MüOÒû qÉåkrÉåzÉÏiÉå MÇüœå xÉÑSìÓ̹Så |

MÑü¸qÉÔ§Ȩ́ÉSÉåwÉÉqÉzÉÉåjÉuÉëhÉÌuÉwÉÉmÉWåû || pÉÉ.mÉë.

GOKSHIRA (Milk)

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Acharya Charaka has mentioned regarding milk that it has

Madhura, Snigdha, Sheeta etc. properties and it can be used every

where named Nasya, external application etc. Moreover, milk has

same properties like Oja, therefore prompts the Oja also.

68

Ayurvedic properties:

RASA: Madhura

GUNA: Snigdha, Pichhila, Bahala, Shlakshana, Guru, Manda,

Mridu, Prasanna

VIRYA: Sheeta

VIPAKA: Madhura

Chemical composition: -

Cow’s milk contains 87.5 % of moisture, Proteins 3.3 gm/100 ml,

fat contents 3.6 gm/100ml,

Carbohydrates 4.2-6.8 gm/100 ml, calcium120 mg/100 ml,

Calcium in the milk is readily absorbed in the body,

Phosphorous-100 mg/100 ml, Iron 0.1 to 0.2 mg/100 ml, Vit.A- 45

Mg,

Riboflavin 150 Mg, Nicotinic acid 80 Mg.

It provides 275 KJ energy /100ml of Milk. Sugar (lactose) helps in

the absorption of calcium.

MAIN USES :

Mutrakruchhra, Rakta pitta, Kshatakshina,

Daurabalya, Shukrakhsaya and as a vehicle, specifically in

Vrushya and Rasayana yoga.

DEVADARU

Botanical name: Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud

Family: Coniferae

69

Classical names:

Devadaru, Darubhadra, Daru, Indradaru, Mastdaru, Drukilima, Kilima,

Surbhuruha, Putikastha, Shakrapadapa.

Gana: Stanyashodhan, Anuvasanopaga, Katukaskandha,

Vatasamshamana.

Botanical description:

Large evergreen handsome tree upto 80 m high and girth about 15 m,

with spreading branches and attractive dark green foliage. Wood

strong, oily, aromatic; heartwood light yellowish-brown to brown in

colour; sap wood white. Flowering and Fruiting: September-November.

Parts used: Heartwood, oil, leaf, bark, resin

Properties

RASA: Tikta

GUNA: Laghu, Snigdha

VEERYA: Ushna

VIPAKA: Katu

DOSHAGHNATA : Kapha-vatashamaka

Karma – Shothahara, Vedanasthapana, Kushthaghna, Krimighna,

Vranashodhana, Vranaropana, Deepana, Pachana, Anulomana,

Hridyottejaka, Raktaprasadana, Kaphanissaraka, Hikkanighrahana,

Mootrajanana, Pramehaghna, Garbhashayashodhana,

Stanyashodhana, Lekhana, Jwaraghna.

70

Rogaghnata: Sandhivata, Shotha, Vedana, Twakvikara, Kandu,

Vrana, Kshata, Jeernasandhivata, Jeerna amavata, Vatarakta,

Gridhrasi, Karnashoola, Shirahshoola, Amadosha, Adhamana,

Vibandha, Vatavikara, Krimiroga, Hrid-daurbalya, Raktavikara,

Kaphaja Gandamala, Galaganda, Shleepada, Upadamsha, Jeernakasa,

Peenasa, Hikka, Mootrakrichchhra, Pooyameha, Prameha,

Stanyadosha, Sutikaroga, Medoroga, Jeernajwara, Jalodara, Kasa,

Shwasa, Atisara, Hridgatvata.

Doses: Heartwood: Powder- 3-6 gm

Decoction-50-100 ml

Oil- 20-40 drops.

Pharmacological activities:

Spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifertility,

antifungal, larvicidal, insecticidal, antiviral, antiseptic, antidiabetic,

antipassive cutaneous activity, immunomodulatory, analgesic, juvenile

hormone activity.

Chemical constituents:

Dihydromyricetin, cedrine, deodorin and cedrinoxide,

kaempferol glucoside, polyphenolic lignoids, deodardione,

limonenecarboxylic acid, cedeodarin.

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71

DHANYAKAM

Botanical name: Coriandrum sativum Linn.

Family: Umbeliferae.

Latin name: coriandrum – corys = helmet, andrum = anthers

sativum= because it is being cultivated.

Gana: Trishnanigrahana, Sheetaprashamana, Guduchyadi

Kula: Mandookaparnikula.

Properties:

RASA: Kashaya, Tikta, Madhur.

GUNA: Laghu, Snigdha.

VEERYA: Ushna.

VIPAK: Madhur.

DOSHAGHNATA: Tridoshahar

External use: Local application of coriander seeds alleviates swelling

and pains. Paste of green coriander has very good action on headache

caused by pitta.

Internal use:

1. Central nervous system: Tonic for majjadhatu. Only pulp from

coverless coriander should be taken and boiled with milk, this milk

cures vertigo, syncope, and memory loss.

72

2. Digestive system: Being antidypsetic, appetizer, digestive, astringent,

liver stimulant and anthelmintic, cold or hot infusion is used in fever

related thirst.

3. Circulatory system: Green coriander is effective in bleeding disorders.

4. Respiratory system: Useful in cough dyspnoea induced by kapha as it

is kaphaghna.

5. Urinary system: It is the best diuretic. It is effective in dysuria and

retention of urine which commonly occurs in summer season.

6. Reproductive system: It is an astringent because of which it reduces

shukradhatu.

7. Temperature: Febrifuge and refrigerant. In fever, to alleviate fever

and thirst, coriander water is given repeatedly.

Parts used: Seeds and Whole plant.

Dosage: Seed powder 2 to 4 mg;

Cold infusion 20 to 40 ml;

Juice of whole plant 10 to 20 ml.

Formulations: Dhanyakadihima, Dhanyapanchaka,

Dhanyachatushka.

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DRAKSHA

Botanical name: Vitis vinifera L.

Family: Vitaceae.

73

Kula: Draksha kula.

Gana: Snehopaga, Virechanopaga, Kasahara, Jwarhara(C.);

Kakolyadi, Parushakadi(S.)

Properties: Grape is described as the best fruit because of its

extremely beneficial properties.

RASA: Madhura

GUNA: Snigdha, Guru, Mridu.

VEERYA: Sheeta

VIPAK: Madhura

DOSHAGHNATA: Vata-Pitta shamak

Internal uses:

Useful in thirst, bleeding disorder, burning,

gout, pthisis, pleurisy,tuberculosis, cough,

asthama, dysuria, burning micturition, wasting etc.

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KRISHNAJEERAK

Latin name: Carum carvi Linn.

Family: Umbelifereae.

74

Latin name: carum (caria = where it was discovered. Roots as well as

seeds are edible.)

Kula: Shatapushpakula.

Properties:

RASA: Katu

GUNA: Laghu, Ruksha

VEERYA: Ushna

VIPAK: Katu

DOSHAGHNATA: Kapha-vataghna

Karma:

1. Digestive system: It is deodorant, improves taste, appetite and

digestion, constipative and antiflatulent, therefore used in bad

breath, anorexia, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhoea,

indigestion, flatulence and dysentery.

2. Circulatory system: Cardiotonic and anti-inflammatory,

therefore useful in cardiac debility anasarca.

3. Reproductive system: It is used in post partum conditions to

improve uterine involution and breast milk secretion.

4. Temperature: It is used in chronic fever to improve appetite,

digestion, absorbtion, reduce fever and acts as tonic.

Parts used: Seeds.

Dose: 5-15 gms. Oil is used in medicine as scent. Decoction is used in

pediatric medicine as an antiflatulent.

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75

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TAMALAPATRA

Latin name: Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.)T.Nees &C.H.Eberm.

Kula: Kapurkula

Family: Lauraceae

Properties:

RASA: Madhura

GUNA: Laghu, teekshana, pichhila

VEERYA: Ushna

DOSHAGHNATA: Kapha-vataghna

Uses :

1) Alimentary system : Indigestion, loss of appetite, colic, diarrhea.

2) Reproductive system :

It is used in uterine inertia. It helps in fertilization and

overcomes habitual abortion, Also useful in postpartum

amenorrhea. Bark is used in gonorrhea.

Parts used : Leaf, bark

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76

SHUNTHI

Latin Name: Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

Family: Scitaminae

Gana:

Charkokta- Truptighna, Arshoghna, Deepaniya, Shoolprashaman,

Truptinigrahan

Sushrutokta- Pippalyadi, Trikatu.

Bhavprakash- Panchkol, Shadushan.

Synonyms: Vishvabheshaj, Katugranthi, Kaphari, Vishva, Nagar.

Parts used: Kanda

Properties:

RASA: Katu

GUNA: Laghu, Snigdha

VEERYA: Ushna

VIPAK: Madhura

DOSHAGHNATA: Kaphavataghna

Karma:

Sheet prashaman, VatavahaUttejan, Deepan, Shothaghna,

NutanPrasava

Chemical composition:

Gingerol, Gingerin, Volatile oil, Resin. Gingerol does not evaporates

with oil.

Rogaghnata:

In Amavat used as pachan,

In Shotha used as anti-inflammatory action,

By madhurvipaka used as sex stimulator.

Shlipada, Anaha, Udarvyadhinashak.

शुडठी रूच्माभवातघ्नी ऩािनी कटुका रघु: ।

ग्स्नभधोष्णा भधुया ऩाके कपवातववफन्धनुत ् ॥

वषृ्मा स्वमाि वभभश्वासशुरकासरृदाभमान ् ।

77

हग्न्त श्रीऩदशोपशिआनाहोदयभारूतान ् ॥

आदद्रका बेदनी गुवी तीक्ष्णोष्णा दीऩनन भता।

कटुका भधुया ऩाकेरुऺा वातकपाऩहा॥

मे गुणा: कश्रथता: शुडठमांतऽेवऩ सन्त्माद्रिकेऽर्खरा:।

बोजनागे्र सदा ऩथ्मं रवणाद्रिक बऺणं ॥

अग्भनसग्न्दऩनं रुच्मं ग्जव्हाकंडठववशोधनभ ्।

कुष्ठे ऩान्डवाभमे कृच्र यक्तवऩत्तवे्रणे ज्वये ॥

दाहे ननदाघशयदोनवव ऩूग्जतभाद्रिकभ ् ॥ बा. प्र.

MARICHA

Latin name: Piper nigrum L.

Kula: Pippalikula

Family: Piperaceae

Gana: Deepaniya, Shulaprashamana, Krumighna, Shirovirechan,

Pippalyadi.

Properties:

RASA: Katu

GUNA: Laghu, Tikshna

VEERYA: Ushna

VIPAK: Katu

DOSHAGHNATA: Vata – kaphanashak

78

Rogaghnata: Shwashara, Krumighna, Shoolahara

Karma:

1. Digestive system: Stimulates salivation, increases digestive juices.

Improves liver dysfunction.

2. Circulatory system: Stimulant to circulatory system.

3. Respiratory system: Reduce mucous secretion.

4. Reproductive system: Useful in dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea and

impotency.

5. Skin: Useful in reducing skin pruritus and skin disorders.

Parts used: Fruit, leaf

Phytochemistry: The twin pungent skin of the fruit contains piperine, a

volatile compound 5.9 %, Piperidine 5%, an aromatic oil 1-2% and 7% fatty

acid. The fruit pulp has a bitter resin called chavian oil, gum, fats 1% protein

7% and alkaloids 4 %.

Chemical constituents:

Piperine, Piperidine, chavicine, starch, Lignin.

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CHAVYA

Latin name: Piper officinarum DC.

Family: Piperaceae

Properties:

RASA: Katu

GUNA: Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

79

VEERYA: Ushna

VIPAK: Katu

DOSHAGHNATA: Kaphahara , Vatahara

Rogaghnata: Arshanashak, Medohara

Upayuktang: Moola

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PIPPALI

Botanical name: Piper longum Linn.

Family: Piperaceae

Gana: Kasahar, Hikkanigarahan, Shirovirechan, Truptighana, Vamak,

Deepaneeya, Shoolprashaman (charak)

Pippalyadi, Urdhvabhagahara, Shirovirechan (sushrut)

Latin name: Piper longum

Botanical description:

Creeper – spreads on ground or climbs up nearby trees for support.

Leaves – 5 to 6 cm long resemble betel leaves & has 5 veins.

Flower – Unisexual

Fruit – long reddish on ripening & turn black when dried.

80

Varieties – There are 4 varieties of Piper longum

1) Pippali, 2) Gajpippali, 3) Saimhalye, 4) Vanpippali

Properties:

RASA: Katu

GUNA: Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshna

VEERYA: Anushnasheeta

VIPAKA: Madhura

DOSHAGHNATA -Kaphavatashamaka

Chemical Composition: Resin, Volatile oil, starch, gum, fatty oil,

inorganic matter & resin piperine.

External uses: It increases blood flow when apply locally therefore, it

is used in swelling accompanied with pain.

Internal uses:

1. Nervous system – P. longum is a brain tonic & alleviate vata, it is

useful in weakness of the brain & vata disorders

2. Digestive system – P. longum is an appetizer, truptighna by pungent

taste carminative, analgesic & mild laxative by snigdha & ushna

properties. It helps in reducing hepatomegaly & splenomegaly,

anorexia, loss of appetite, indigestion, gulma, colic, piles, liver

disorders and ascites.

3. Circulatory system - It enhance raktadhatvagni and raktadhatu. It is

used to treat anemia & various blood disorders. Long pepper is good

rejuvenator for raktadhatu and regulates the functions of liver and

spleen.

4. Respiratory system – It is use to treat asthma & hiccoughs. It acts as

an expectorant & prevents the production of mala kapha. It purifies all

dhatus, it is used as tonic in tuberculosis.

81

5. Urinary system - In diabetes mellitus it reduces Aam stage of kapha,

meda and mutra.

6. Reproductive system – Pippali acts as an aphrodisiac. Acts as

rejuvenator. Also useful in dysmenorrhoea and painful labour.

7. Temperature – It is the best medicine for typhoid & chronic fever.

8. Skin – Long pepper & rejuvenator of rasa & rakatadhatu & useful in

skin disorders.

Part used: Fruit

Doses: Powder- 0.5 to 1.0 gm.

Pharmacology: Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal,

antimalarial , CNS stimulant, antitubercular, anthelmintic,

hypoglycemic, antispasmodic, cough suppressor, anti-giardial,

immune stimulatory, hepatoprotective, analeptic, antinarcotic,

antiulcergenic.

Formulations and preparations:

Gudapippali, Pippalikhanda, Pippalyasava, Trikatu, Ashtangavaleha,

Kalyanavaleha, Pugakhanda, Vyaghriharitakiavaleha,

Brihatashwagandhaghrita.

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Twak

Botanical name: Cinnamomum zeylenica blume.

Gana: Eladi, trijata.

Kula: Karpoorkula

Family: Lauraceae

82

Latin name: Cinnamomum zeylenica

Properties:

Rasa: Katu, Tikta, Madhura

Guna: Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

Veerya: Ushna

Vipak: Katu

Doshaghnata: Vata-kaphanashak and pittavardhak

External uses: It is stimulant and analgesic.

It is used for mouth wash in bad breath.

Internal uses:

1) Nervous system: Cinnamom is used in neural debility and

paralysis.

2) Digestive system: It is an appetizer, digestive, carminative and

liver stimulant.

3) Circulatory system: It is a cardio stimulant, blood purifier and

promotes white blood count.

4) Respiratory system: It is an expectorant and anti-tuberculer

drugs.

5) Urinary system: Its ushna and tikshna properties stimulates the

bladder and act as diuretic.

6) Reproductive system: It has oxytoxic and aphrodisiac

properties.

7) Fever: It reduces intestinal decaying.

Parts used: Bark, oil and leaves.

Doses: 0.33 to 1 gm

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ELA

83

Botanical name: Eletteria cardamomum (L.)Maton

Gana: Katukaskandha, Shwasahara, Angamarda, Shirovirechan and

Eladi.

Kula: Haridrakula.

Family: Zingiberaceae

Latin name: Eletteria cardamomum=elacetar-derive from malyalam.

Properties:

Rasa: Katu, madhura

Guna: Laghu, ruksha

Veerya: Sheeta

Vipak: Madhura

Doshaghnata: Tridoshahara

External uses: The oil of cardamom seeds is useful in the treatment

of toothache.

Internal uses:

1. Digestive system: it is a mouth freshener, deodorant and

antiseptic. Seeds and oil are appetizer, digestive and laxative.

2. Circulatory system: useful in general weakness.

3. Respiratory system: because of its expectorant property, it is

used in cough, asthma and otherrespiratory disorders. It

ameliorates dyspnoeic attack in pertusis.

4. Urinary system: seeds are diuretic, useful in dysuria.

5. Temperature: useful in burning sensation.

6. Satmikaran: useful in general weakness tuberculosis.

Parts used: Fruits(cardamom).

Dosages: 0.5 to1 gm.

84

Formulations: Eladichurna, Eradyarishta, Eladigutika, Eladimodaka,

Eladikwatha.

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VANGA BHASM

Varga: Dhatu

Types: Two – (R.T.)

1) Khurak: used in medicine 2) Mishrak : not used in medicines

Khurak Grahyatva:

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Shodhana: In Churnodaka by dhalan process for 3 to 7 times.

Bhasma properties:

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85

RASA: Kashaya, Tikta, AlpaLavan

GUNA: Laghu, Sara, Ruksha, Rasayana

VEERYA: Sheeta

DOSHAGHNATA: Kaphaghna , Vatakar

Pharmacological actions:

Vrishya (aphrodisiac), Deepan, Pachana,

Ruchikar,Rasayana

Rogaghnata: Kapharoagara, Vantihara, Vranahara,

Sarvapramehaghna, Krimiroga, Shukraksyaya,

Chakshushya, Medhya, Kshyayahara, Kasa-Shwasaprashaman,

Vrushya, Balya, Panduhara

Dose: 1-2 Ratti (125 – 250mg)/day.

Anupana (Adjuvant): Ghee, borax, camphor

HINGUL

Varga: Sadharan rasa

Synonyms: Hingul, Cinnabar, Singaraf

Chemical formula: HgS

Types: 1)Charmar 2)Shukatunda 3)Hansapad-used in medicines

Shodhan: In Amla varga dravyas like Nimbu , Lakuch etc. also it can

be purified with Meshi dugdha(milk) bhavana.

Properties:

RASA: Tikta, Katu, Kashaya

86

GUNA: Deepan, Rasayan

VEERYA: Ushna

VIPAK: Katu

DOSHAGHNATA: Tridoshanashak

Therapeutic action:

Agnivardhak, Amapachak, Kanti-Bala–Buddhivardhak(brain

tonic)

Rogaghnata:

Prameha, Kushtha, Jwara, Kamala, Amavata, Garavisha,

Pleeharoga.

Uses:

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LOHA BHASMA

Varga: Dhatu

Types: 1) Munda 2) Tikshna 3) Kanta-used in medines.

Shodhan:

Done in Triphala kashaya by Nirvapan process followed by

Bhanupaka, Sthalipaka and Putapaka.

Bhasma properties:

sÉÉåWÇû SÏmÉlÉÇ E¨ÉqÉÇ ¤ÉrÉWûUÇ MÑü¸ÉqÉrÉkuÉÇxÉMüqÉçaÉÑsqÉmsÉÏWûÌuÉkÉÔlÉlÉÇ Ì¢üÍqÉWûUÇ mÉÉhQèuÉÉqÉrÉblÉÇ mÉUqÉç |

qÉåSÉåqÉåWûÌlÉoÉWïûhÉÇ aÉSWûUÇ SÒlÉÉïqÉUÉåaÉÉliÉMÚüiÉçNûÌSïµÉÉxÉWûUÇ iuÉsÉÇ oÉWÒûÌaÉUÉ rÉÉåaÉålÉ lÉÉlÉÉÌiÉïlÉÑiÉç || U.iÉ.

87

RASA: Tikta, Kashaya

GUNA: Ruksha, Guru, Lekhan

VEERYA: Sheeta

VIPAK: Madhura

DOSHAGHNATA: Kaph -Pittaghna

Pharmacological action:

Loha bhasma possesses Vrishya (aphrodisiac), Vayasthapan

(anti-aging), Lekhan (emaciating) and Rasayana (immunomodulator)

properties. It increases potentiality (balya), complexion (kantijanan),

and appetite (agni vardhan).

Therapeutic uses:

Loha bhasma is used in Pandu, Prameha,Yakshma(tuberculosis),

Arsha, Kustha, Krimiroga, Kshinatwa(cachexia), Sthaulya, Grahani,

Pliha roga (splenic disorder),Medoroga, Agnimandya, Shula and Visha

(poisoning).

Anupana (adjuvants): Honey, Ghee, Triphala

Dose: ¼ - 2 Ratti (30 – 125 mg/day)

NAGA BHASMA

Varga: Dhatu

Synonyms : Seesak ,Incinerated Lead

Types: 1)Kumar 2)Samal

Grahyatva:

xÉÑaÉÉæUuÉÇ qÉÚSÒ ÎxlÉakÉÇ NåûSlÉå qÉÍsÉlÉÉåeeuÉsÉqÉç |

88

oÉÌWû:zrÉÉqÉÇ SÛiÉSìÉuÉÇ xÉÏxÉMÇü eÉirÉqÉÉÌSzÉåiÉç || U.iÉ.

Shodhana: In Churnodaka by dhalan process.

Bhasma properties:

qÉÚiÉÇiÉÑ xÉÏxÉÇ qÉkÉÑUlcÉ ÌiÉ£ü ÎxlÉakÉÇ iÉjÉÉåwhÉÉÇ aÉÑ sÉåZÉlÉlcÉ |

xÉUÇ iÉjÉÉ uÉÌ»ûÌuÉuÉkÉïlÉlcÉ UxÉÉaÉqɱæ: ZÉsÉÑ xÉÇmÉëÌS¹qÉç || U.iÉ.

RASA: Madhura, Tikta

GUNA: Snigdha, Guru, Lekhan, Sara, Agnideepan

VEERYA: Ushna

DOSHAGHNATA: Kapha – vataghna

Rogaghnata:

Prameha, Shwasa, Kasa, Kshaya, Shosha, Raktapradara,

Raktarsha, Antrashotha, Atisara, Grahani, Sarvangakampa,

Pakshvadha.

Pharmacological action:

Deepan (appetizer), Rasayan (immunomodulator), aphrodisiac.

It alleviates urinary tract disorders and diseases caused by

vitiated vata and kapha.

Dose: ¼-1 Ratti (30 -125mg) /day.

Anupana: Milk, rice, wheat, sugar, sesame oil

89

KRUSHNA JEERAK

PIPPALI DRAKSHA

MARICH SHUNTH

90

Chavya

Ela Twak

Tejapatra Dhanyak

91

Aparajita Devadaru

Shuddha Hingul Nagabhasma

Vangabhasma Loha bhasma

92

APARAJITA SWARAS GODUGDHA

GARBHAPALRAS

93

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97

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99

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