ayeyarwady integrated river basin management … · သေ်...

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AYEYARWADY INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PROJECT

(AIRBMP)

Prepared By

Project Management Unit- Safeguard Team

Ayeyarwady Integrated River Basin Management Project

2017

Initial Environmental Examination Report

For Navigation Enhancement Works (microprojects)

Between Mandalay and Nyaung Oo (Stretch-1)

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Contact Detail

Project Director


No. 400, Lower Pazundaung Road, Pazundaung Post Office

Directorate of Water Resource and River Improvement Systems

Pazundaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar

Email:[email protected],

Website:www.airbm.org.mm

Component-3 Director


No. 400, Lower Pazundaung Road, Pazundaung Post Office

Directorate of Water Resource and River Improvement Systems

Pazundaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar

Email:[email protected], [email protected]

http://www.airbm.org.mm/

mailto:[email protected]

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Executive Summary 1. Running through the centre of the country, the Mandalay-Nyaung Oo Waterway of Ayeyarwady

river (known as Stretch 1 under the AIRBM Project) is recognized as the most crucial trading area

for goods and passengers between upper Myanmar and lower Myanmar. Flowing through the very

low elevation zone with heavy siltation, the river is considered highly unstable with meandering and

braiding patterns along the mid sections.

Because of the river‟s dynamic nature, annual interventions (such as hot-spot dredging and

temporary structures) are often necessary in the shallower parts of the river to provide users with a

safe navigation channel. DWIR, the sole governmental agency undertaking river conservation and

maintenance activities, has had this mandate for decades. Since 2015, DWIR has been improving

routine performance with the support from the World Bank for better management of river

navigation. The project management unit (PMU) of AIRBMP/DWIR plans to invest in maintaining

key parts of the waterway section of Mandalay-Nyaung Oo to sustain a safe depth for navigation

and good access to the ports along this section contributing to the socio-economic development of

the local people relying on the river. DWIR is implementing navigation enhancements in Stretch-1

with new approaches including applying modeling and safeguard tools Under the Microproject,

DWIR is planning to carry out the seasonal dredging work and temporary training structures with its

own personnel and equipment (under Force Account procurement method) aimed at minimizing

maintenance dredging and creating a temporary stabilization factor for the navigation channel.This

strategic seasonal maintenance approach involves time-sensitive work during the dry season from

November- April. Environmental and social assessments will be made for each intervention and a

specific ESMP for each will be prepared.

The navigation enhancements include a series of microprojects. The microprojects aim at

maintaining the least available depth (LAD) during the low flow season for both passenger and

cargo vessels along the busiest stretch of the Ayeyarwady river.

2. According to the Myanmar EIA procedure, the microproject is entitled only under the dredging

category in which the dredging volume more than 500,000 Mt will require the EIA study. Therefore,

DWIR/AIRBM requested ECD advice on how to mainstream Myanmar EIA Procedure into DWIR

Maintenance operations since the first microproject implementation in 2015.

Unfortunately, from the experience of AIRBM‟s 2015-2016 microprojects, DWIR learned that the

administrative process to obtain the approval from ECD caused delays in the project‟s

implementation. This is a significant issue because of the nature of DWIR activities for navigation

improvement works which can be undertaken only during the low flow season for this dynamic river

system. Therefore, DWIR/AIRBM seeked the ECD advice on how to mainstream Myanmar EIA

Procedure to prepare sound technical environmental and social instruments and obtaining ECD‟s

approval in a timely manner.From the discussion between DWIR and ECD on 13th January 2017

and the ECD‟s subsequent approval letter dated 20th September 2017, ECD clarified that DWIR is

required to prepare an IEE that covers all small and temporary navigation enhancement activities on

Stretch-1 to submit to ECD to fulfill the environmental assessment requirements of the Myanmar

Environmental Conservation Law for all AIRBMP microprojects as a whole, prior to any further

implementation. Once ECD approves this “AIRBMP Stretch 1 IEE”, to avoid delays in routine river

maintenance activities, the project may then take necessary steps to start conducting DWIR‟s

routine river maintenance microprojects but would still submit to ECD an ESMP for each once

DWIR‟s detailed implementation plan is ready for each intervention each year.

3. This IEE for microprojects covers the activities to be carried out at 10 constraints along Stretch-1

during the 2017-2022 fiscal years. The investment would be approximately 4 million USD. Each

microproject will take 6 months including, 2 months for design and approval and an execution phase

of 4 months. Because all the AIRBM microprojects share the same geographical features and

background socio-economics patterns and the short-term nature of the works, the microprojects‟

impacts are considered to be temporary, small and reversible and mitigation measures are readily

available.During the meeting with ECD for 2015-2016 microproject package, ECD advice

DWIR/PMU to ensure the volume of dredged spoil to be disposed at each disposal site is within the

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IEE threshold. Therefore,the Project (series of microprojects) under AIRBMP will make sure that the

dredged volume for each disposal site is below the IEE thresholds under the national EIA

procedure.

4. The project boundary is within the river with sparsely populated areas along the banks. No critical

and highly sensitive areas (in researches. Upon careful examination of the activities of all proposed

interventions, the impacts are considered temporary and reversible and are not anticipated to result

in unprecedented or significant losses due to the extremely dynamic nature of the river. Moreover, it

has been well noted that the local communities are experienced and good at adapting to the river‟s

dynamic characteristics.

5. Based on the baseline study, consultations with the riverine villages and experience from the first

package of AIRBM microproject implementation, it is expected that the proposed dredging activities

outlined in this IEE would not cause any significant and unprecedented impacts to the existing local

environment and social characteristics. However, when the detailed designs and locations for each

microproject are identified, a specific ESMP and Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan will be

prepared to avoid and reduce project-specific significant impacts. The major environmental impacts

of maintenance dredging by microprojects are generally the increase in riverwater turbidity by

sediment re-suspension, which would likely have an impact on fisheries productivity at nearby

fishing grounds and water quality. However, monitoring of previous microprojects of maintenance

dredging has shown that impacts are typically short-term and localized with turbidity plumes

confined to only the channels and nearby areas. In addition, there is a variety of additional

environmental aspects that DWIR considers in the planning and execution of dredging and dredged

material placement and construction of temporary structures including: the direct loss of benthos

and aquatic flora, fishing yields, changes to river flows, shipping safety near and within the project

site. From the socio-economy of nearby communities‟ point of view, it could temporarily impact the

access to livelihood of a small number of individuals, mostly fishermen. However, alternate sites that

are regularly used by fishers are available during the period of dredging and therefore the

microprojects are unlikely to have a major impact on the fisher‟s livelihoods. In addition, the project

would encourage the procuring of material from local sources and provide employment priority to

the local communities near the project sites..

6. A two-tiered consultation approach is applied for the Stretch-1 microprojects. Initial consultations

have been carried out focusing on the key riverine village tracts from July- August 2017

concentrating on the livelihood baseline characteristics and the likely impacts of the projects to the

communities. A total of 450 people from 20 villages of five village tracts participated and actively

shared the local experience of living near the river. A second consultation will focus on key

stakeholders including government officers, businessmen, cargo shipping owners, local NGOs,key

river users and direct project-affected communities once the microprojects have been designed. The

results of the second round of consultations will be included on the site specific ESMPs/ARAPs.

One of the key suggestions from the first set of consultations was DWIR must have more

engagement with local people before the implementation and during the implementation. Overall,

the AIRBM microprojects have received the support of the communities and localauthorities

7. This report also includes the general, but comprehensive ESMP including general and non-site-

specific measures for each impact and monitoring plan with cost estimates. This general IEE has

been formulated based on the environmental code of practice for dredging operations adapted for a

Myanmar context, the procedures for Grievance Redness Mechanisms, an Abbreviated

Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) and general guidelines for community consultation to ensure the

continuous commitment of environmental and social safety of the microprojects. By complying with

the IEE, these microprojects will achieve the objective of providing the people of Myanmar with safer

navigation while minimizing its environmental and social impacts.

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အကျဉချပအစရငခစာ

၁။ ဧရာဝတမြ စ၊ မနတေလမ ေောငဦေရလမအပင (ဧရာဝတမြ စ ဘကစစမခနခမစမကန (AIRBM)အရ Stretch-1 ဟသတမတထာသေ။)သေ မြ နမာနငငအလယပငေဒသကဖြ တသနစ ဆငေနပြ အထက၊ေအာက ကနစေစဆငမနင ခရ သာလာမမျာအတက အလနအေရ ပါသေေရ လမအပငဖြ စသေ။နနတငအနေထငမမျာဖြ စေပါေလရ သေေမြ နမလငပြ ငကဖြ တ သန စဆငရသေအတက ထ stretch 1 အပငတင ဧရာဝတမြ စသေ မြ စေကေ ာငမ တေငြ မ ပေကာကေက၍ မြ စမာမျာစာခဖြ ာတတေသာသေဘာရသေကေတရသေ။

အစဉေပြ ာငလတတေသာမြ စေကေ ာငသဘာဝမျာေကေ ာင၊ ေရေကေ ာငအသပြ သမျာ လခြ စတချရ သေ ေရေကေ ာငသာလာမရရရန ေရေကေ ာငတမေသာေနရာမျာတင နစစဉ မြ စေကေ ာငထန လပငန မျာ (အေရေပါေသာငတခြ ငနင ယာယမြ စေကေ ာငထနအေဆာကအဦမျာအစရသဖြ င။) မကေ ာခဏေဆာငရကရနလအပေလရသေ။သဖြ စ၍ေရအရငအမြ စနင မြ စေချာငမျာဖဖြ တ တကေရဌာန(DWIR)သေမြ စေချာငမျာပြ ပြ ငထနသနခြ ငလပငနမျာေဆာငရကရန အခငအာ ဏာရရထာသေအစရဌာနတခအေနဖြ ငထမြ စေကေ ာငထနလပငနမျာတာဝနယလပေဆာငလာသေမာ ဆယစနစမျာစာတငခ ပြ ဖြ စပြ ယခအခါပမေကာငမနေသာမြ စေကေ ာငသာလာမဆငရာ စမ ခနခမမျာေဆာငရကနငရန အတက DWIR သေ ကမဘာဘဏ အကအေဖြ င ၂၀၁၅ မစတင၍ ဌာန၏ပမနလပငနေဆာငရကမမျာကပမေကာငမနနငရနေဆာငရကလျကရသေ။ AIRBMP/DWIR ၏ စမကနစမခနခမယနစ (PMU) သေ မနတေလ မ ေောငဦေရလမ ေကေ ာင အတငရအချ ေသာအေရပါသေ ေရလမအပငမျာတင ေရေကေ ာငသာလာမနငဆပ ကမဆက ကပမမျာအတကလေလာကသေေရအနက ရရထနသမနငရနရေရယ၍ မြ စေ ကေ ာင ထနအစအစဉမျာအေကာငအထေေဖာေဆာငရကလျကရသေ။ထမြ စေကေ ာငထန လပငန မျာ သေ မြ စေကေ ာငအာမခအာထာလျကရသေ ေဒသခတ၏လမစပါဖဖြ တ တကမကတ ဖကတ လမမအေထာကအပဖြ စေစမေ ဖြ စသေ။ DWIR သေ Stretch 1 အပငရေရေကေ ာင သာလာမအဆငမြ ငတငခြ ငလပငန မျာကModellingနင ေဘကငလခြ ေစမ (Safeguard) အစအမမျာထေသငေရဆထာသေ အေသစာစမကန(Microproject) မျာပါဝငသေ ချဉ ကပမပစအသစ (New approaches) ဖြ င အေကာငအထေ ေဖာ ေဆာငရက လျကရပါ သေ။ DWIRသေ မြ စေကေ ာငအေထာကအကပြ သေသာငတ လပငနမျာကေလျာပါေစရန နင တေငြ မေရ လမယာယရရနငရနရေရယ၍ Seasonalေသာငတလပငနမျာနင ယာယမြ စေကေ ာငထနအ ေဆာငအဦမျာကဌာနအပင ဝနထမမျာနငစကကရယာမျာကအသပြ ၍(Force Account Procurement Method ဖြ င) အေကာငအထေေဖာ ေဆာငရကသာမေ ဖြ စသေ။ အဆပါမဟာ ဗျသဟာေမြ ာကေရလမထနသနမဆငရာချဉကပမတငေရနေရာသဖြ စသေ နဝငဘာလမဧပြ လ အတင အချနကက ပြ လပရသေ လပငနမျာပါဝငပြ ထေရလမ ထနလပ ငန ေဆာငရကမတင အတက ပတဝနကျငနင လမဝန ကျငဆငရာေလလာ ဆနစစမမျာ နင သကဆင ရာပတဝနကျင နင လမဝနကျငဆငရာစမခနခမအစအမမျာ (Environmental and Social Management Plan) မျာေဆာငရကသာမေ ဖြ စသေ။

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ေရလမေကေ ာငအဆငမြ ငတငမလပငနမျာတင အေသစာစမကနလပငန စဉမျာပါဝငသေ။ ထအေသစာစမကနမျာကေရေကေ ာငခရသာလာမနင ကနတင ေရယာဉ မျာ (cargo vessels) မျာေရေကေ ာငသာလာမမျာပြ ာသေ ဧရာဝတမြ စေကေ ာငတေလျာက ေရနေရာသကာလတင သာလာအသပြ နငမေ အနေဆေရစအနက (Least Available Depth) ရရနငရန ရေရယ၍ အေကာငအထေေဖာေဆာငရကခြ ငဖြ စသေ။

၂။ မြ နမာ EIA လပထလပနေအရ Microproject (အေသစာစမကန) သေ ေသာငတ လပငန အမျ အစာအတငသာလျင အကျဝငပါသေ။၎ငတင ေသာငတပမာဏတန၅သနအ ထကတေဖာမေလပငနမျာသေ ပတဝနကျငထခကမဆနစစခြ င (EIA) လပေဆာငရမေဟ ေဖာပြ ပါရပါသေ။သဖြ စပါ၍ DWIR/AIRBMမ DWIR မြ စေကေ ာငပြ ပြ ငထနသမေရ operations မျာတင မြ နမာ EIA လပထ လပနေအာမေကသ ချနထ လကနာရမေက စမကန၏ ၂၀၁၅ ခနစပထမဦဆ Microproject (အေသစာစမကန) ေဆာငရကစဉချနက ပငအကြ ဉာဏရ ယခပါသေ။

AIRBMစမကန၏၂၀၁၅~၂၀၁၆ခနစတငေဆာငရကခသေအေသစာစမကနမျာ၏အေတအကြ အရDWIR အေနဖြ ငပတဝနကျငထနသနေရဦစဌာန (ECD) ထမခငပြ ချကရရရနေဆာငရက ရသေအပချပေရပငဆငရာေဆာငရကမလပငန စဉအဆငဆငသေစမကနအေကာငအထေေောေဆာငရကနငမတငေနာငေနေစမမျာဖြ စေပါေစသေက သရနာလေခရပါသေ။ မြ စသငပြ င ဆငရာအစဉေပြ ာငလေနမေကေ ာငေရနေရာသတငသာ ေရလမဖ ဖြ တ တကမဆငရာလပငန မျာကလပေဆာငရသေလပငန သဘာဝရသေDWIRအတကမထကသေသာေနာငေနမမျာ သေ လနစာအေရကြ သေေဆ ေနဖယအေကေ ာငအရာတရပဖြ စသေ။သ ဖြ စ၍DWIR/AIRBM သေ ECD သကျ ေကေ ာငခငလသေနေပောဆငရာ၊သဘာ ၀ ဝနကျငနင လမစပါဆငရာ အစ အမမျာပြ ငဆငနငရနနငECDထမခငပြ ချကအချနမရရနငရနအလငာDWIR၏ေရလမထနသမေရလပငန ေဆာငရကမကစစရပမျာတငမေသချနထ ကကေနငမေကသရနငရန အတက သေဘာထာမတချက၊အကြ ဉာဏမျာေတာငခခပါသေ။

ထသ ၂၀၁၇ခနစ ၊ဇနနဝါရလ၊ ၁၃ ရကေန၊ DWIR နင ECD အကေ ာေတ ဆေဆေနမမျာနင ECD ၏ ၂၀၁၇ ခနစ ၊စကတငဘာလ (၂၀)ရကစ ပါ ခငပြ ချက ရေညနစာအရ၊ DWIR မ ေဆာငရက မေ AIRBM စမကန၏ အေသစာစမကနမျာနင ပကသက၍ စမကန အေကာင အထေေဖာ ေဆာငရကမမပြ မမြ နမာနငင၏ ပတဝန ကျငထနသမေရဥပေဒ တငပါရသေ သဘာဝ ပတဝန ကျငဆနစစေလလာမဆငရာလအပချကမျာပြ ေမနငရနအတက Stretch 1 အပငတေလျာက ေဆာငရကမေ အေသစာယာယေရလမထနလပငန မျာ အာလကခြ ငမ သေ ကနဦသဘာ ဝနင လမဝနကျငဆငရာေလလာဆနစစမ (IEE) တစခပြ ငဆင ၍ ECD သ ေပပတငပြ သာရန ECD မ သေဘာထာမတချကဖြ င ညနဆေဖာပြ ခပါသေ။ သဖြ စ၍ ယခတငသငသေ AIRBM စမကန ၏ Stretch 1 IEE က ECD ထမ သေဘာတခငပြ ချက ရရ ပြ ပါက DWIR သေ ပမနေရလမထနလပငနေဆာငရကမေ အေသစာစမ ကနမျာ ကလအပသေ လပငနစဉမျာ အတင ေနာငေနမမရဘစတင လပေဆာငသာနငမေ ဖြ စသေ။ ထပြ င စမကနေဆာငရကမေ နစတငတငအေသစတ အေကာငအထေ ေဖာရန လပငန အစ

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အစဉေရဆနငသေ နင တပြ ငနက DWIRအေန ဖြ င အေသစာစမကနတငအတက သကဆင ရာပတဝနကျငထခကမဆနစစခြ ငဆငရာစမခနခမအစအမ (ESMP) မျာကECD သ ေပပ တငပြ သာမေဖြ စသေ။

၃။ ယခ IEE အစရငခစာသေ Stretch 1 တေလျာက ရေရေကေ ာငကျပေသာေနရာ ၁၀ ေနရာ၌ ၂၀၁၇~၂၀၂၂ဘဏဍာနစအတငေဆာငရကမေအေသစာစမကနမျာကခြ ငမနငရန ပြ ငဆငထာ သေအစရငခစာဖြ စပြ ထေဆာငရကမလပငနစဉမျာအတက လျာထာအသစရတမာ အေမရကန ေဒါလာ ၄ သန ခန (4 million USD) ခနမနသတမတထာသေ။ အေသစာစမကနတခစတင design ပြ ငဆငမကာလ (၂ )လ နင လပငနေဆာငရကရနခငပြ ချက ေတာငခခြ ငနင လပငန အေကာငအထေ ေဖာေဆာငရက ခြ ငကာလ (၄) လ ဖြ င ၊ စစေပါငလပငန ေဆာငရကမကာလမာ ၆ လခန ကေ ာမြ ငမေ ဖြ စသေ။ AIRBM စမကနေအာကရထအေသစာစမကနမျာသေ ပထဝ အေနအထာနင ေနာကခလမစပါပစမျာတေသေအပြ ငေရတလပငန ေဆာငရကမမျာဖြ စ ေသာေကေ ာငထအေသစာစမကနမျာ၏သကေရာကမမျာသေမလ အေခြ အေနပြ နလေေရာကရ နငသေ ယာယသကေရာကမမျာသာဖြ စ၍ထခကနငေခြ နေပါမေအပြ ငထခကမေလျာပါစမေ အစအမမျာလေအလယတကေဆာငရကနငမေဟသတမတယဆပါသေ။AIRBM စမကန ၏ ၂၀၁၅~၂၀၁၆ခနစတငေဆာငရကခသေအေသစာစမကနမျာအတကECD နငေတဆေဆေန သေအစေအေဝတငECDမေသာငတေမြ စာပမာဏသေေမြ စာစနပစမေသတမတ ေနရာ တခ ချငစတင IEE အတကသတမတတနချန (တန၅သန) အထကမေကျာေစေရေဆာငရကေပ ရန အကြ ပြ မတချကေပခပါသေ။သ ဖြ စ၍ AIRBMP ေအာကတငေဆာငရကမေအေသစာစမကန မျာ၏ေသာငတလပငနမျာ၌ ေမြ စာစနပစရာတငသတမတစနပစေနရာတခချငအတကေမြ စာ ပ မာဏသေEIA procedure ၏IEE အတကသတမတတနချနအတင ရေနေစေရစမ ေဆာငရက သာမေဖြ စသေ။

၄။ ကငဆငေလလာမမျာအရစမကနေဆာငရကမေ နယပယသေ မြ စအတငနငလေနထငမ ကျ ပါသေ မြ စကမပါတေလျာက တငသာကျေရာကမေဖြ စ၍ (သဘာဝနင လမဝနကျင ရေထာင ဆငရာအရ) အေရပါ၍ ထခကလယေသာေနရာမျာတေရမမေတရပါ။ လျာထာေရလမထန ေဆာငရကမလပငနမျာအာလအေပါေလလာဆနစစမမျာအရထခကမ (Impacts) မျာသေ ယာယသာဖြ စပြ မလအေခြ အေနသပြ နလေေရာကရနင၍အစဉေပြ ာငလေနသေ မြ စသဘာဝ ေကေ ာင ဖြ စေပါတတသေဆရ မမျာကပမသသာထငရာေစမေ မဟတေကေ ာငေတရရပါသေ။ ထအပြ င ေဒသခမျာသေလေ မြ စ၏ေပြ ာငလမသဘာဝပစက ေတ ကြ ေနကေ ဖြ စသေအပြ င အလကသင ေနသာကျစာေနထငတတကေ သေကေတရသေ။

၅။ အေခြ ခအချကအလက ေလလာမမျာ၊ မြ စကမေဘေကျရာမျာနင ေဆေနမမျာနင AIRBM စမကန၏ ပထမဆေသာအေသစာစမကနေဆာငရကမမျာမ အေတ အကြ မျာအရ၊ ယခ IEE အစရငခစာတငညနဆထာသေ လျာထာေသာငတလပငနမျာသေ လကရသဘာဝနင လမ စ ပါဝန ကျငကမေသေ သသာထငရာသေ ထခကမ (Impact) မျာက မျ မဖြ စေပါ ေစနငဟ ခနမနရပါသေ။သပါေသာလေသကဆငရာစမကနဆငရာထခကမမျာကေလျာချနငရနအတက သကဆငရာစမကနအလက အေသစတ ဒဇင (design) နင စမကနတေေနရာမျာ သတမတပြ

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ပါက၊ထသကဆငရာစမကနအလက အေသစတ ESMP အစရငခစာနင နစနာမ ေလျာေကေ ဆငရာ လပေဆာငမအစအစဉ (Abbreviated Resettlement action plan) မျာပြ ငဆငေရဆသာမေ ဖြ စသေ။ ေယဘယျအာဖြ င ေရလမထမေသာငတ လပငန၊ အေသစာစမကနမျာ ၏ အဓက သဘာဝဝနကျငထခကမမာနန ၊အနေ အနစမျာလပရာမမျာေကေ ာင မြ စေရေနာက ကျမက ပမ ဖြ စေပါေစဖြ ငဖြ စသေ။ ထသ မြ စေရေနာကကျမမျာသေ ငါေပါကဖာရာေနရာ ငါေပါက ဖာမမျာနင မြ စေရအရေအေသမျာကထခကေစနငပါသေ။ သေသာလေယခငေဆာငရကခ သေေရလမထနေသာငတ လပငန၊အေသစာစမကနမျာကေစာငကေ ပစစေဆမမျာအရ ထထ ခကမမျာသေသကေရာကအချနကာလတေတာင၍ေရေနာကကျမပျနမ သေမြ စေကေ ာငအတင နင ဆကစပေနရာ မျာတငသာကနသတဖြ စေပါတတသေကေတရရပါသေ။ ထအပြ င DWIR သေ မြ စကေ မပြ ငရေရေနသတတဝါနင အပငငယမျာထခကပျကစမ၊ ငါရရမမျာ၊ မြ စေရ စ ေကေ ာငေပြ ာငလမမျာ၊ စမကနေနရာနင အနတင သေ ဘဘာသာလာမဆငရာေဘကင လခြ မ အစရသေသဘာဝဝနကျငဆငရာသငပြ ငရေထာငအမျ မျ ကပါ ေသာငတလပငနမျာနငစနပစ ေမြ စာထာသမနငယာယေရလမထနအေဆာကအဦေဆာကလပခြ ငလပငန မျာ၏လပငနအစအ စဉ ေရဆမနငလပငနအေကာငအထေေဖာေဆာငရကမ (Planning and Execution) မျာတင ထေသငစဉစာ၍ေဆာငရကထာရပါသေ။ ေဒသခမျာ၏ လမစပါဆငရာရေထာငအရ မ တချ ေသာေဒသခမျာအထသဖြ ငငါလပငနလပကငသမျာအေနဖြ င၄ငတအသကေမမလပကင ရာေနရာသသာလာနငမကယာယအာဖြ ငထခကမမျာဖြ စေပါေစသေကေတရသေ။ သေသာလေေသာငတလပငန မျာလပကငမေအချနတငထသငါလပငန လပကငမ ေဆာငရက ေလရသေ တခြ ာေရ ချယစရာေနရာမျာစာရေနပြ ဖြ စ၍ အဆပါ အေသစာစမကနမျာသေ ငါလပငနလပကငသမျာ၏ အသကေမမကဆဝါစာထခကနငမေ မဟတပါ။ ထ ပြ င ယခ စမကနမျာတင ေဒသထက ပစစေမျာကဝယယအသပြ မေ ဖြ စသေအပြ င အလပအ ကငအ ခငအလမတငလေစမကနအနတဝကရေဒသခမျာကဦစာေပလပကငေစမေ ဖြ စသေ။ ၆။ Stretch 1 အေသစာစမကနမျာ ၏ အမျာပြ ေသနငေတဆေဆ ေနပမျာကအဆင (၂) ဆငပါေတဆေဆေနမပစဖြ င ေဆာငရကခပါသေ။ ကနဦေတ ဆေဆေနပမျာကမြ စ ေကေ ာငတ ေလျာကထစပေနသေအဓကေကျရာအပစမျာတင ၂၀၁၇ ခနစ၊ ဇလငလ မ သေ ဂတလ အတင ေဆာငရကခပြ ထေဆ ေနပမျာတင အေခြ ခအသကေမမပစမျာနင စမကနမျာေကေ ာင ေဒသခ မျာအေပါ သကေရာကန ငေခြ ရသေ ထခကမမျာကအဓကထာ၍ ေဆေနခကေ ပါသေ။ ကနဦ ေတ ဆေဆ ေနပမျာတင ေကျရာအပစ (၅)အပစေအာကရေကျရာ (၂၀) မ စေပါငလဦေရ (၄၅၀) တကေရာကခပြ မြ စကမတေလျာက ေနထငမပစအေတအကြ မျာေဆ ေနမျေဝခကေ ပါ သေ။ အေသစာစမကနမျာဒဇငေရဆမမျာပြ စပါကဒတယအဆငေတဆေဆ ေနပမျာေဆာငရကသာမေ ဖြ စပြ ထေဆေနပမျာတင အစ ရဌာနဆငရာအရာရမျာ၊ စပါေရလပငနရငမျာ၊ ေရယာဉ ပငရငမျာ၊ ေဒသတင NGO အဖအစေမျာ၊ အဓကမြ စေကေ ာငအသချသမျာနင စမကနေကေ ာင တကရက ထခကနငသေ ေဒသခမျာစသေတ အဓကပါဝငသာမေ ဖြ စသေ။ ထဒတယအဆငအမျာပြ ေသနငေတဆေဆ ေနပရလဒမျာကသကဆငရာစမကနဆငရာ ESMPs/ ARAPsအစရငခစာမျာတင ထေသငေဖာပြ သာမေဖြ စသေ။ ပထမအဆငအေန ဖြ ငေဆာငရက ခသေ ကနဦေတ ဆေဆ ေနပ၏ အဓကအကြ ပြ ချကမျာတင DWIR အေနဖြ င စမကနမ

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ေဆာငရကမနငလပငနေဆာငရကေနစဉကာလမျာတငေဒသခပြ ေသမျာနငပမချတဆကေဆာငရကမမျာပြ လပသငေကေ ာငအကြ ပြ ချက ပါရသေကေတရသေ။ ခြ ငကေ ေလျင AIRBM အေသစာစမကနမျာသေ ေဒသခလထမျာနင အာဏာပငမျာထမ ေထာကခမအာရရ ခပါသေ။

၇။ယခအစရငခစာတင ထခကမ impact တငအတက ေလျာပါေစမေ အေထေထအစအမမျာနင ခနမနကနကျစရတမျာပါဝငသေ ေယဘယျအာဖြ င ပြ ေစသေESMPကထေသငေဖာပြ ထာ ပါသေ။ အေသစာစမကနမျာ၏ သဘာဝနင လမဝနကျငဆငရာေဘ ကငလခြ မပင ဆငရာ အာမခနငမမျာေသချာခငမာေစရန အတက ယခအေထေထ IEE အစရငခစာကမြ နမာနငငထ စနင လကေလျာေေအာင ပြ ငဆငထာသေ ေသာငတလပငနေဆာငရကမမျာ လကနာေဆာငရက ရမေ သဘာဝဝနကျငဆငရာသတမတချက စေမျဉမျာ၊ ထခကနစနာမေလျာပါေစမေ လပထ လပထ လပနေမျာအေသစာထခကမနငနစနာမေလျာေကေ ဆငရာအစအစဉမျာ (ARAP) နင အမျာပြ ေသနင ေတ ဆေဆေနမဆငရာအေထေထလမညနချကမျာကအေခြ ခ၍ ပြ ငဆငထာ ပါသေ။ အဆပါ IEE အစခစာပါ အတငကကေေအာင ေဆာငရက၍ ထအေသစာ စမ ကနမျာသေ မြ နမာပြ ေသမျာက သဘာဝနငလမဝန ကျငထခကမမျာေလျာပါေစခြ ငနငအ တ လခြ စတချရသေ ေရေ ကေ ာငသာလာမမျာကရရေစမေဖြ စသေ။

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary ____________________________________________________________ iii Table of Contents _______________________________________________________________ x List of Figures _______________________________________________________________ xiii List of Tables ________________________________________________________________ xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms ___________________________________________________ xiv 1 Introduction ________________________________________________________________ 1

1.1 Background _____________________________________________________________ 1 1.2 AIRBMP Navigation Approach Objectives and Description _________________________ 1 1.3 Implementation Agency ____________________________________________________ 1 1.4 Importance of the proposed Investment _______________________________________ 2 1.5 Project Location __________________________________________________________ 2 1.6 Guideline for the Initial Environmental Examination ______________________________ 3 1.7 Objectives of Stretch-1 IEE _________________________________________________ 3 1.8 Content of the Initial Environmental Examination ________________________________ 3

2 Relevant Policy, Legislations and Institutions ___________________________________ 4

2.1 Relevant Regulatory Agency ________________________________________________ 4 2.2 Environmental Legislation and Regulatory Procedures ____________________________ 4 2.3 Engagement with Government Agencies ______________________________________ 5 2.4 Environmental and Relevant Laws and Regulations of Myanmar ____________________ 5 2.5 World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project __________________________ 9 2.6 Environmental and Social Relating International Laws, Treaties and Agreements _______ 9

3 Initial Environmental Examination Process _____________________________________ 11

3.1 Study Team ____________________________________________________________ 11 3.2 Environmental and Social Assessment Methodology ____________________________ 11

3.2.1 Screening _____________________________________________________________ 11

3.3 Contents and Methodology of Initial Environmental Examination ___________________ 11

3.3.1 Content of the study _____________________________________________________ 12

4 Project Description _________________________________________________________ 13

4.1 Introduction ____________________________________________________________ 13 4.2 Dynamic River Management Concept by AIRBMP ______________________________ 13 4.3 Overview of Bottleneck/Constraints area along the Stretch-1 ______________________ 13 4.4 Overview of Bottlenecks/Constraints area along the Stretch-1 _____________________ 13 4.5 Potential Microprojects Locations ___________________________________________ 16

4.5.1 Mandalay Waterway _____________________________________________________ 16

4.5.2 ShankalayKyun Waterway ________________________________________________ 16

4.5.3 MeeTwayTite~LatSaungYuu Waterway ______________________________________ 17

4.5.4 PaukMyaung ~ MyitThar Waterway _________________________________________ 17

4.5.5 Htan Sin Hla~Paledan Waterway ___________________________________________ 18

4.5.6 ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Water way ____________________________________ 19

4.5.7 Ne Yin~ Pauk taw Waterway _______________________________________________ 20

4.5.8 Aung Pan Chaung ~ Sin Min Waterway ______________________________________ 21

4.5.9 Pakokku Waterway ______________________________________________________ 21

4.5.10 Nyaung Oo Waterway ____________________________________________________ 22

4.5.11 Estimated dredging volumes _______________________________________________ 22

4.6 Methodology and Approach ________________________________________________ 23

4.6.1 Dredging Methodology ___________________________________________________ 24

4.6.2 Dredged Material Placement _______________________________________________ 24

4.6.3 DWIR Fleet of Dredgers __________________________________________________ 24

4.6.4 Temporary Training Construction ___________________________________________ 25

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4.6.5 Sources of Construction Materials __________________________________________ 26

4.7 Project Cost ____________________________________________________________ 26 4.8 Safeguards Management _________________________________________________ 26 4.9 Alternatives ____________________________________________________________ 27

4.9.1 “No Project” Alternatives __________________________________________________ 27

4.9.2 Priority Criteria for Project Location _________________________________________ 27

4.10 Overall Implementation Schedule for Each microproject __________________________ 29

5 Existing Environmental and Social Setting _____________________________________ 30

5.1 Definition of the study area or project influence area ____________________________ 30 5.2 Baseline Collection Methodology ___________________________________________ 30 5.3 Physical Environment Setting ______________________________________________ 30

5.3.1 Topography ____________________________________________________________ 30

5.3.2 Geography and Soil______________________________________________________ 30

5.3.3 Temperature ___________________________________________________________ 30

5.3.4 Hydrology _____________________________________________________________ 30

5.3.5 Rainfall and Surface Water Resources _______________________________________ 31

5.3.6 Natural Hazards ________________________________________________________ 31

5.3.7 Geomorphic Characteristics _______________________________________________ 32

5.3.8 Channel morphology _____________________________________________________ 32

5.3.9 Sediment Budget ________________________________________________________ 34

5.3.10 Sediment Characteristics _________________________________________________ 34

5.3.11 Sediment Quality ________________________________________________________ 35

5.3.12 Water Quality___________________________________________________________ 35

5.4 Ecological Resources ____________________________________________________ 36 5.5 Socioeconomic Setting ___________________________________________________ 36

5.5.2 Cultural Resources ______________________________________________________ 41

6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ____________________________________ 42

6.1 General Impact _________________________________________________________ 42 6.2 Environmental and Social Impact Identification _________________________________ 42

6.2.1 Establish Context _______________________________________________________ 42

6.2.2 Methodology for Impact Assessment ________________________________________ 43

6.3 Environmental Impacts from Dredging Works and Dredged Material Placement _______ 44

6.3.1 River Water Quality ______________________________________________________ 44

6.3.2 Aquatic and benthic habitats _______________________________________________ 44

6.3.3 Sediment Composition ___________________________________________________ 45

6.3.4 Ambient Air Quality ______________________________________________________ 45

6.3.5 Noise From Dredging Equipment and Associated Vessels ________________________ 45

6.4 Social Economic Impacts from Dredging Works and Dredged Material Placement _____ 46

6.4.1 Water Usage ___________________________________________________________ 46

6.4.2 Local Transport Access ___________________________________________________ 46

6.4.3 Livelihood _____________________________________________________________ 46

6.4.4 On Board Occupational Health and Safety ____________________________________ 46

6.4.5 Land Use ______________________________________________________________ 46

6.4.6 Landscape _____________________________________________________________ 47

6.4.7 Community Health and Safety______________________________________________ 47

6.5 Environmental Impact from Construction Works ________________________________ 47

6.5.1 Flow pattern and sediment deposition changes ________________________________ 47

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6.5.2 Water quality ___________________________________________________________ 48

6.5.3 Aquatic Habitat _________________________________________________________ 48

6.5.4 Noise from Construction Works_____________________________________________ 48

6.5.5 Solid Waste Generation __________________________________________________ 48

6.6 Social Economics Impact from Construction Works _____________________________ 48

6.6.1 Local Transport Accessibility _______________________________________________ 48

6.6.2 Livelihood and Income sources _____________________________________________ 48

6.6.3 Onsite Occupational Health and Safety ______________________________________ 49

6.6.4 Land Use ______________________________________________________________ 49

6.6.5 Local Employment _______________________________________________________ 49

6.6.6 Cultural Resources ______________________________________________________ 49

6.6.7 Community Health and Safety______________________________________________ 49

6.7 Cumulative Impact Assessment ____________________________________________ 50 6.8 Summary of Potential Impacts and Significance ________________________________ 51 7.1 Approach to Consultations ________________________________________________ 53 7.2 Initial Stage Stakeholder Consultation ________________________________________ 53 7.3 Key Selection Criteria for Consultation Location ________________________________ 53

7.3.1 Let Saung Yu Village (Let Saung Yu Village Tract, Tadau Township) _______________ 54

7.3.2 Let Ka Pin Village (KyweYeik Village Tract, Myin Mu Township) ___________________ 54

7.3.3 Si MeeKhone (Si MeeKhone Village Tract, MyinGyan Township) __________________ 55

7.3.4 Kokkohla Village, (Kokkohla Village Tract, Pakokku Township) ____________________ 55

7.3.5 MyinKa Bar Village (MyinKa Bar Village Tract, Nyaung Oo Township) ______________ 56

7.3.6 Summary of Key Concerns of the Consultations________________________________ 56

7.4 Project level Consultation _________________________________________________ 57 7.5 Information Disclosure ____________________________________________________ 57

8 General Environmental and Social Management Plan ____________________________ 58

8.1 General Scope of the ESMP _______________________________________________ 58 8.2 Objectives of Environmental and Social Management Plan _______________________ 58 8.3 Implementation Organizational Arrangements _________________________________ 58

i. Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems ________________ 58

ii. Project Management Unit (PMU), AIRBM _____________________________________ 59

8.4 Generic Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures __________________________ 59

8.4.2 Monitoring Supervision Plan _______________________________________________ 67

8.4.3 Reporting ______________________________________________________________ 67

8.4.4 Emergency Response Plan ________________________________________________ 68

8.4.5 Grievance Redness Mechanisms ___________________________________________ 68

8.5 ESMP Cost Estimates ____________________________________________________ 68

9 Conclusion _______________________________________________________________ 69

References ____________________________________________________________________ 90 Annex-1:List of Natural Habitat and Biodiversity _______________________________________ 91 Annex-2: Initial Stage Public Consultations ___________________________________________ 93 Annex-3: List of Dredging Equipments ______________________________________________ 96 Annex-4: Code of Practice for Dredging and Dredged Material Management _________________ 97 Annex - 4: Environmental Code of Practice For Dredging and Construction Works ___________ 101 Annex- 5: Guidelines for the Preparation of an ARAP and Eligibility Matrix _________________ 110 Annex - 7 :Tools Kit ____________________________________________________________ 114 Annex- 8: Approval Letter from ECD _______________________________________________ 124

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Project Location ( Ayeyarwady River Between Mandalay to Nyaung (Stretch 1)) _______ 2 Figure 2 : Map of Bottlenecks in the Stretch-1 _________________________________________ 15 Figure 3 : Google Image of Bottleneck at Mandalay Waterway ____________________________ 16 Figure 4 : Google Image of Bottleneck at ShanKalayKyun Waterway _______________________ 17 Figure 5: Google Image of Bottleneck at MeeTwayTite~ LatSaungYuu Waterway _____________ 17 Figure 6: Google Image of Bottleneck at PaukMyaung ~ MyitThar Waterway ________________ 18 Figure 7 : Google Image of Bottleneck at Htan Sin Hla~Paledan Waterway __________________ 19 Figure 8: Google Image of Bottleneck at ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Waterway ___________ 20 Figure 9: Google Image of Bottleneck at Ne Yin~ PaukTaw Waterway ______________________ 20 Figure 10 : Google Image of Bottleneck at Aung Ban Chaung ~ Sin Min Waterway ____________ 21 Figure 11 : Google Image of Bottleneck at the Pakokku Waterway _________________________ 22 Figure 12 : Google Image of Bottleneck at the Nyaung Oo Waterway ______________________ 22 Figure 13: Backhoe dredger ______________________________________________________ 24 Figure 14: Cutter Suction Dredger with Floating pipes __________________________________ 25 Figure 15: Example of Temporary River Training Structures (Wooden Gryone) _______________ 25 Figure 16:Process Cycle incorporating Environmental and Social Consideration for Project Implementation ________________________________________________________________ 27 Figure 17: Central Ayeyarwady River Between Mandalay to Nyaung Oo (Stretch 1) ___________ 31 Figure 18: Slope map of Myanmar (ICEM,2017) _______________________________________ 32 Figure 19: Morpho dynamics at Ayeyarwady-Chindwin Confluence ________________________ 33 Figure 20: Planform Changes in the downstream section of Ayeyarwady –Chindwin Confluence (2000~2017)___________________________________________________________________ 33 Figure 21: Sediment Sampling Locations (Velden, J. (2015)) _____________________________ 35 Figure 22 : Maps showing Townships along Ayeyarwady River and Stretch-1 ________________ 37 Figure 23 : Population Map of Townships along Stretch-1 _______________________________ 38 Figure 24 : Land Use Type of Stretch _______________________________________________ 38 Figure 25: Land Cover MapOf Stretch 1 _____________________________________________ 39 Figure 26: Hilsa Breeding Site at Pakkoku (ref: BOBLME.2015,) __________________________ 40 Figure 27 : Ancient Cities along Stretch 1 ____________________________________________ 41 Figure 28: Stakeholder consultation strategy of the Project ______________________________ 53 Figure 29: Photos taken at Consultation in Let Saung Yu Village __________________________ 54 Figure 30: Village Level Consultation at Let Ka Pin Village _______________________________ 55 Figure 31: Photos of Consultation at Si MeeKhone Village _______________________________ 55 Figure 32: Photos taken at Consultation in Kokkohla Village _____________________________ 56 Figure 33: Photos taken at Consultation in atMyinkabar Village ___________________________ 56 Figure 34: Overall ESMP Framework and Institutional Arrangement _______________________ 59 Figure 35: Grievance Mechanism Process Chart ______________________________________ 68

List of Tables

Table 1: Name of River Bottlenecks to be addressed by AIRBM microproject _________________ 14 Table 2 : Dredging Volume Estimate at each bottleneck _________________________________ 23 Table 3: Geomorphic zone distribution by basins (Source: ICEM, 2017) ____________________ 32 Table 4:Ayeyarwady river quality at seven townships in the Stretch-1 (Source: Planning and Research Department, DWIR) _____________________________________________________ 35 Table 5: Determination of Magnitude Matrix __________________________________________ 43 Table 6 : Impact Assessment Matrix ________________________________________________ 43 Table 7: Summary and Impact and Significance _______________________________________ 51 Table 8: List of village tract name and number of attendees to the Project consultation _________ 54 Table 9: Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan for potential significant environmental and social impacts _______________________________________________________________________ 61 Table 10: Environmental and Social Monitoring Parameters ______________________________ 67 Table 11: ESMP Budget for the Stretch-1 Microproject __________________________________ 69 Table 12 : Common Species along Mandalay to Nyaung Oo with IUCN redlist status __________ 91 Table 13: Guidance on selection of appropriate dredges for maintenance dredging ___________ 98 Table 14: Status of Environmental and Social Management for theMicroproject( in attached with supporting documents) _________________________________________________________ 115

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

AIRBMP Ayeyarwady Integrated River Basin Management Project ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan C3 Component 3 COP Code of Practice DMH Department of Meteorology and Hydrology DWIR Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems EA Environmental Assessment ECD Environmental Conservation Department EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ERC Emergency Response Coordinator ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GOM Government of Myanmar GRM Grievance Redness Mechanisms HSO Health and Safety Officer IDA International Development Association IEE Initial Environmental Examination IWT Inland Waterway Transport LAD Least Available Depth to determine the allowable vessel draft MOECAF Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MOTC Ministry of Transportation and Communications NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NWRC National Water Resources Committee PCR Physical Cultural Resources PMU Project Management Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Ayeyarwady Integrated River Basin Management Project (AIRBMP) is being implemented by the Government of Myanmar (GOM) to strengthen integrated, climate resilient management and development of the Ayeyarwady River Basin and national water resources since 2015. Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems (DWIR), Ministry of Transport and Communications is acting as a focal implementation agency for the project with the credit from World Bank. The objective of the project is help in developing the institutions and tools needed to enable informed decision making in the management of Myanmar‟s national water resources and to implement integrated river basin management on the Ayeyarwady, while immediately enhancing the river‟s productivity in the hydro meteorological observation system and services (to support agricultural productivity and water-related disaster risk management) and in navigation enhancements (to promote sustainable transportation) on the Ayeyarwady. The project would also support a prompt and effective response to potential crises and emergencies.

1.2 AIRBMP Navigation Approach Objectives and Description

Component 3 of the AIRBMP aims at facilitating the improvement of Ayeyarwady River navigation with 4 strategic and 15 immediate objectives, as well as specific outputs. The microprojects, one of the Component3 activities, fall within Strategic Objective 2, and Immediate Objective 2.1.

Strategic Objective 2:The proposed river enhancement works are part of a larger component that will be implemented in the stretch of Mandalay–Nyaung Oo / Bagan (Stretch 1). Stretch 1 aims to achieve a Least Available Depth (LAD) of 2 m for barges of 1,000DWT,1 and will serve as pilot projects for extension beyond Stretch 1.The navigation improvements will allow vessels to pass and to be loaded more heavily during the dry seasons, thereby increasing the efficiency of passenger and cargo transport. Moreover, increasing the LAD significantly improves safety for the public using this stretch of the river.

Immediate objective 2.1: Execution of the works of the microproject ensures feasible and social and environmentally sound removal of relevant physical barriers to long-haul navigation between Mandalay and Nyaung Oo by conducting dredging works, and installing temporary river training infrastructure. As stated earlier the key characteristics of a micro-project are small, temporary, reversible interventions.

1.3 Implementation Agency

Under the component of navigation enhancement on the river, the Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems (DWIR) is acting as the implementation agency for undertaking a number of interventions that will solve the constraints for safe navigation. DWIR has been traditionally carrying out seasonal dredging with associated structures for the last decades. However, AIRBM financed Projects will consider the environmental and social safeguards aspects since the design stage following the national legislations and WB‟s safeguard Policies.

The statutory responsibility of DWIR‟s includes:

(1) Improving the navigation channel and to stabilize the inland river ports;

(2) Protecting the river banks from erosion;

(3) Cooperation with other organizations in demarcation of danger water level of the towns;

(4) Utilizing the river water for domestic and agriculture all the year round;

(5) Protection of bank erosion of Border Rivers;

(6) Observing the long-term existence of the cross-river bridges by river engineering point of views;

(7) Managing the prevention of the river water pollution; and

(8) Sustain the adequate depth for maximum loading capacity of the vessels in the river

To comply with the mandatory requirement no.1 and 8, DWIR is annually carrying out for dredging at ports and navigation channel in the river within Myanmar since 1972. Dredging quantities have ranged from approximate 150,000m3 in 2007-2008 to nearly 5,000,000m3 in 2014-2015. From 1989

1As per the updated 2015 Ayeyarwady Navigation Strategy.

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until the present, DWIR have dredged approximately 24 million m3 of sediment including capital and maintenance kind of portfolio.

1.4 Importance of the proposed Investment

Running through the centre of the country, the Mandalay-Nyaung Oo Waterway of Ayeyarwady River is recognized as the most crucial area for trading goods and passengers between upper Myanmar and lower Myanmar. In addition, it is worth noting that the Ayeyarwady River is the fifth largest river in the world in terms of sediment load having annual sediment load of the river approximately 400 million tons (Mt). The slope of the river is close to zero at the mid-section making the river considerably meander, eroding and depositing sediments. Riverine communities have to develop formal and informal systems to adapt to the river‟s ever-changing features. Because of the dynamics nature, annual interventions (such as hot-spot dredging and temporary structures) are often necessary in the shallower parts of the river to provide users with a safe navigation channel. The project management unit (PMU) of AIRBMP/DWIR is investing in dredging the Mandalay-Nyaung Oo waterway to sustain a safe depth for navigation and good access to the ports along the river section to create favorable conditions for the inflow of goods to the inland waterways, and at the same time, contribute to the socio-economic development of the local people relying on the river.

1.5 Project Location

Navigational dredging is a fundamental and essential activity for inland water transportation in Myanmar to maintain navigable depths for vessels during dry season particularly along the central zone as the zone is being heavily dependent for maritime trade between upper part and lower part of the country. As the priority stretch, AIRBMP will finance for cost-effective interventions with environmentally and socially acceptable strategy for the managing the full length of the navigation channel between Mandalay and Nyaung Oo (hereafter this river stretch will be referred to as „Stretch-1‟) that DWIR has been traditionally carrying out seasonal dredging for the last decades. DWIR plans to introduce „small and temporary interventions‟ along the aforementioned river corridor (hereafter these „small and temporary interventions‟ will be referred to as „microprojects‟) which are „hot spot maintenance dredging‟ and related infrastructures to reinforce the dredging effectiveness at the critical bottlenecks for a safer and more reliable navigation channel. The Generic IEE project consists of a number of microprojects.

Figure 1: Project Location (Ayeyarwady River Between Mandalay to Nyaung (Stretch 1))

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1.6 Guideline for the Initial Environmental Examination

Following the Myanmar Environmental Conservation Law (2012), it is required that the proponents of every development project in the country to submit either an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to MONREC.

Learning from the experiences of 2015-2016 microprojects package, DWIR proposed to ECD the preparation of the generic IEE covering upcoming microprojects to be implemented by DWIR from 2017 to 2022 fiscal years under AIRBMP. From the discussion between DWIR and ECD on 13th January 2017 and ECD‟s subsequent approval letter dated 20th September 2017, it was agreed that DWIR is required to prepare an IEE that covers all small and temporary navigation enhancement activities on Stretch-1 to submit to ECD to fulfill the environmental assessment requirements of the Myanmar Environmental Conservation Law for all AIRBMP microprojects as a whole, prior of any implementation. Once ECD approves this “AIRBMP Stretch 1 IEE”, to avoid delays in routine river maintenance activities, the project may then take necessary steps ( such as surveying baseline bathymetry , environmental and social, consulting with the community, etc.) to start conducting DWIR‟s routine river maintenance microprojects but would still submit to ECD an ESMP for each Microproject once DWIR‟s detailed implementation plan is ready for each intervention each year.

1.7 Objectives of Stretch-1 IEE

The Stretch-1 Initial Environmental Examination report is prepared by AIRBMP/DWIR to cover the potential environmental and social safeguard issues that are likely to be occurred during the implementation of small and temporary measures (i.e. seasonal dredging and strategic temporary structures) financed under the Ayeyarwady Integrated River Basin Management (AIRBM) Project. This Generic IEE provides a general option impact analysis with environmental and social criteria and an overall assessment on how to mitigate and monitor possible environmental and social effects affiliated with the Microproject interventions that are going to be implemented within the 2017 to 2022 fiscal years.

1.8 Content of the Initial Environmental Examination

The present document is structured as follows:

Chapter-1 Introduction

Chapter-2 Relevant Policy, Legislations and Institutions

Chapter-3 Description of the Project‟s IEE Process

Chapter-4 Project Description and Alternatives

Chapter-5 Existing Environmental and Social Setting

Chapter-6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment

Chapter-7 Project Disclosure and Public Consultation

Chapter-8 General Environmental and Social Management Plan

Chapter-9 Conclusions

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2 Relevant Policy, Legislations and Institutions

This chapter describes and discusses the laws and acts related to the implementation of the project and the assessment of environment impacts of this project. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar has established a regime of environmental protection. The overriding law is the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar 2008. Under Article 45, the Constitution requires the Government of Myanmar to protect and conserve the natural environment. Article 390 infers the duty of every citizen of Myanmar to protect the natural environment. The Environmental Conservation Law (2012) is the main governing law and Ministry of Forest and Environmental Conservation (later- Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC)) is the prime governing body of the law enforcement. Others relevant laws and policies to be abided by AIRBMP in the formulation of ESMP include the constitution (2008), national environmental policy (1994), environmental conservation rules and regulations (2014), environmental impact assessment procedure and national emission guideline (2015)

2.1 Relevant Regulatory Agency

The main government agency responsible for administrating environmental legislature in Myanmar is the Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation (MONREC). It is the main body for environmental protection and managing the environmental and social impacts of projects.MONREC‟s responsibilities include reviewing and approving a project developer, ESIA Project Proposal, ESIA Scoping Study, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report and Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan report.

The main body for administering the improvement works on rivers is the Ministry of Transports and Communications (MOTC). It is responsible for all transport infrastructures in Myanmar. TheDirectorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River System (DWIR) is the main responsible agency for river training and bank stabilization, bank protection for the long-term existence of the river crossings, dredging in river constraints, bend cutting for improvement of waterways and erosion protection, provision of navigation aids and promulgation of navigation warning in Myanmar.

2.2 Environmental Legislation and Regulatory Procedures

The Government of Myanmar has enacted legislation, rules and procedures in relation to the undertaking of projects in Myanmar. The principle piece of legislation in relation to environmental and social issues for projects is the Environmental Conservation Law 2012. Following the enactment of the law, the Environmental Conservation Rules 2014 were published. On 29 December 2015, the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF) enacted and published the Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (EIA Procedures - MOECAF Notification 616). The EIA procedures follow the Asian Development Bank model, and include three levels of assessment, the first level being projects exempt from EIA procedures; and the second and third are projects that will have environmental and social impacts, which would be ranked as Category A or Category B projects. The Environmental instruments required include Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA – also known as an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment); or an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) respectively. This legislation provides a framework for environmental assessment but further clarity is needed in terms of project categorization. The MONREC is still not sufficiently integrated with approval process for various sectors. Therefore, DWIR seeked the advice from ECD for more appropriate safeguard tools to be applied in the microprojects. On the other hand, the project is subjected to national Environmental Quality Emission Guidelines established in 2015 that cover air emissions including noise and odor and wastewater effluent quality and WB group Environmental, Health and Social guidelines.

At present, the Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) is in the process of developing specific procedures for projects involving involuntary resettlement or impact indigenous peoples. In the meantime, the EIA procedures require proposed projects to follow World Bank or Asian Development Bank procedures.

According to the Myanmar EIA procedure, the microproject is entitled only under the dredging category in which the dredging volume more than 500,000 Mt will require the EIA study. During the terms of natural and social environment) are observed according to the results of field visits and meeting with ECD for 2015-2016 microproject package, ECD advice DWIR/PMU to ensure the volume of dredged spoil to be disposed at each disposal site is within the IEE threadshold.

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2.3 Engagement with Government Agencies

PMU-AIRBMP has engaged with relevant Ministries of the Government of Myanmar in relation to the proposed microprojects:

1. Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation

2. Ministry of Transport and Communications

3.Ministry of Home Affairs

2.4 Environmental and Relevant Laws and Regulations of Myanmar

Laws and Regulations Description

National Environmental Policy (5th December,1994)

This is a policy level document promulgated stating a policy to mainstream environmental considerations into natural resource development. It was issued to establish sound environment policies, utilization of water, land, forests, mineral, marine resources, and other natural resources in order to conserve the environment and prevent its degradation.

Objective To achieve harmony and balance between socioeconomic, natural resources and environment through the integration of environmental considerations into the development process enhancing the quality of the life of all its citizens.

Constitution 2008

Section 45 The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment.

Section 96 The national legislature can, but does not need to, enact laws to protect the environment and help restore areas degraded or damaged by mining and forestry activities or those that have experienced destruction of plants, wildlife, and habitat.

Section 196 State and Division Legislatures also have the power to regulate environmental protection, but within the boundaries of legislation passed by the National Legislature

Section 390 (b)

Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in carrying out the environmental conservation, preservation and safeguard of cultural heritage, protection and preservation of public property and striving for development of human resources.

Environmental Conservation Law, 2012

This Law is primarily concerned with the control of pollutants in the environment. The Law views land as a natural resource that should be used sustainably and protected from pollution and degradation. The Law does call for the development of an ESIA mechanism in the country, which could help to mitigate potential negative environmental or social impacts relating to loss of land tenure security as a result of any proposed development projects in the country.

Objectives: Section 3

(c) to enable to emerge a healthy and clean environment and to enable to conserve natural and cultural heritage for the benefit of present and future generations;

(d) to reclaim ecosystems as may be possible which are starting to degenerate and disappear;

(e) to enable to manage and implement for decrease and loss of natural resources and for enabling the sustainable use

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beneficially;

Provisions of Duties and Powers relating to the Environmental Conservation of the Ministry: Section 7

The Environmental Conservation Department is the most responsible department for following matters:

(a) To specify categories and classes of hazardous wastes generated from the production and use of chemicals or other hazardous substances in carrying out industry, agriculture, mineral production, sanitation and other activities;

(b) To prescribe categories of hazardous substances that may affect significantly at present or in the long run on the environment;

(c) To promote and carry out the establishment of necessary factories and stations for the treatment of solid wastes, effluents and emissions which contain toxic and hazardous substances;

(j) To prescribe the terms and conditions relating to effluent treatment in industrial estates and other necessary places and buildings and emissions of machines, vehicles and mechanisms;

(m) To lay down and carry out a system of EIA and SIA as to whether or not a project or activity to be undertaken by any Government department, organization or person may cause a significant impact on the environment;

(o) To manage to cause the polluter to compensate for environmental impact, cause to contribute fund by the organizations which obtain benefit from the natural environmental service system, cause to contribute a part of the benefit from the businesses which explore, trade and use the natural resources in environmental conservation works.

Environmental Quality Standards: Section10

The Ministry may, with the approval of the Union Government and the Committee, stipulate the following environmental quality standards:

(a) suitable surface water quality standards in the usage in rivers, streams, canals, springs, marshes, swamps, lakes, reservoirs and other inland water sources of the public;

(b) water quality standards for coastal and estuarine areas;

(c) underground water quality standards;

(d) atmospheric quality standards;

(e) noise and vibration standards;

(f) emissions standards;

(g) effluent standards;

(h) solid wastes standards;

(i) other environmental quality standards stipulated by the Union Government.

Monitoring: Section13

The Ministry shall, under the guidance of the Committee, maintain a comprehensive monitoring system and implement by itself or in co-ordination with relevant Government departments and organizations in the following matters:

(a) the use of agro-chemicals which cause to impact on the environment significantly;

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(b) transport, storage, use, treatment and disposal of pollutants and hazardous substances in industries;

(c) disposal of wastes which come out from exploration, production and treatment of minerals, industrial mineral raw materials and gems;

(d) carrying out waste disposal and sanitation works;

(e) carrying out development and constructions;

(f) carrying out other necessary matters relating to environmental pollution.

Responsibilities of project proponent/ business owner for reducing environmental impact: Section 14

A person causing a point source of pollution shall treat, emit, discharge and deposit the substances which cause pollution in the environment in accord with stipulated environmental quality standards.

Responsibilities of project proponent/ business owner for reducing environmental impact: Section 15

The owner or occupier of any business, material or place which causes a point source of pollution shall install or use an on-site facility or controlling equipment in order to monitor, control, manage, reduce or eliminate environmental pollution. If it is impracticable, it shall be arranged to dispose the wastes in accord with environmentally sound methods.

Environmental Conservation Rules, 2014

The Environmental Conservation Rules are the detailed regulations set to implement the Environmental Conservation Law and highlight the creation of an EIA system as well as pollution prevention measures.

Rules 58 The Ministry shall form the Environmental Impact Assessment Report Review Body with the experts from the relevant Government departments, Government organizations.

Rules 60 The Ministry may assign duty to the Department to scrutinize the report of environmental impact assessment prepared and submitted by a third person or organization relating to environment impact assessment and report through the Environmental Impact Assessment Report Review Body.

Rules 61 The Ministry may approve and reply on the environmental impact assessment report or environmental management plan with the approval of the Committee.

Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (29thDecember 2015)

This procedure is issued by Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry in exercise of the power conferred by sub-section (b) of Section 42 of the Environmental Conservation Law. The procedure is two-tiered system of IEE/EIA describing the authorities of MOECAF to determine which projects, categories of plan, businesses or activities that are required carry out environmental impact assessment. It also provides the standard screening process whether the projects required to undertaken IEE or EIA in the Annex list.

Section:2 “all Projects undertaken in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar by any ministry, government department, organization, corporation, board, development committee, local government or authority, company, cooperative, institution, enterprise, firm, partnership or individual having the potential to cause significant adverse impacts, are required to undertake IEE or EIA and to obtain an ECC in accordance with this

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Procedure.

The Conservation of Water Resources and Rivers Law, 2nd October, 2006

This law is primarily concerned with river transportation and the regulation of river fishing and sewage discharge. The law describes the definition of water resources, rivers and its authorities for directing to carry out waterways conservation works based on the suggestions of the Department and determining dangerous water levels for towns; cooperate with relevant government departments and organizations to solve related problems; and guide the use river water for domestic and agricultural use. The law: prohibits water pollution; prescribes terms and conditions for the monitoring and prevention of water pollution; and specifies penalties for those who pollute water.

This law is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport, not the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry. This law puts its strength on transportation safety and its development. No actual numerical criteria for natural environment are mentioned.

Aims: Section 3 (a) to conserve and protect the water resources and rivers system for beneficial utilization by the public;

(b) to enable smooth and safe waterways navigation along rivers and creeks;

(c) to contribute to the development of State economy through improving water resources and river system;

(d) to protect environmental impact.

Duties and Powers of the Directorate: Section5

The directorate has duty and power for:

carrying out so as not to cause moving of urban ports and to keep the waterways good and for perpetual use

making arrangements and carrying out to prevent erosion of towns and villages due to changes of river and creek course

making arrangements and carrying out so as not to adversely affect the environment in and around river and creek

protecting and maintaining the waterways of border rivers so as not to lose State-owned land, and making arrangements thereof

carrying out to deepen river courses and to increase cargo tonnage of vessels

Miscellaneous: Section 30 Any government department and organization or any person desirous of constructing drainage, utilizing river water intake, constructing bridges spanning rivers, connecting underground pipe, connecting underground electric power cable, connecting underground telecom cable or digging in rivers and creeks, bank boundary and waterfront boundary, under the requirement of work, shall in order not to adversely affect the water resources and rivers and creeks, carry out only after obtaining the approval of the Ministry of Transport.

Section 31 The relevant Ministry, government department and organization shall, in respect of works contained in sub-sections (c) and (g) of section 6, grant permission on works that may be permitted under their authority only when the recommendation of the Directorate has been obtained, in order not to adversely affect the water resources, rivers-creeks and watercourses.

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2.5 World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project

Myanmar does not have environmental guidelines for dredging yet. Hence, this project will follow international best practice and World Bank safeguard policies, while taking care to respect the laws of Myanmar where they are or will be applicable. The World Bank Safeguards include international best practice in development operations, including specific guidance on dealing with environmental and social impacts. Particular to the proposedmicroprojects, specific requirements are described in separate operational policies such as OP4.01Environmental Assessment, OP4.04 Natural Habitat, OP4.11 Physical Cultural Resources and OP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement.

Environmental Assessment ( OP4.01)

The overall AIRBM Project has been classified as Category A because the spatial extent of the project covers the whole river basin with an integrated river basin planning approach. However, specific Microproject investments under the project could be Categorized as A or B depending on the nature and scope of the impacts. As per the AIRBMP ESMF, every investment will be screened to discern the Categorization based on technical complexity, environmental and social sensitivity to the impactsand, the environmental and social instrument to be prepared.

Natural Habitat (OP 4.04)

The river system at this section and its floodplain provides habitat to a wealth of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. While no net loss or permanent degradation of critical natural habitat is expected to result from the project, the proposed activities will have impacts on some areas of natural riverine and floodplain habitat and some commercially important aqua habitat for local people, this policy is triggered. Under the ESMP, enhancement measures will be included in the project to mitigate and/or compensate for any adverse impacts in accordance with this policy. Dredged spoils deposit locations will also be restricted to non-critically sensitive areas, and other rules for dredging and impact management detailed in the plan will be enforced to ensure that the mitigation is appropriately applied for all potential impacts to natural habitats.

Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11)

As part of the environmental and social assessment studies for the project, physical cultural resources (PCR) in the project influence area have been identified via consultations. There are several ancient cities and buildings located in the project boundary, however, no identified PCRs likely be directly affected or displaced by proposed works are located on the site. DWIR/PMU will look at the probability of indirect impacts to those locations and alternative access will need to be provided to these locations. In addition, „chance find‟ procedures will be included in the ESMPs for all interventions.

Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12)

It is anticipated that the Project would requiretemporary and minor land acquisition, and displacement of temporary dwellers for construction of river training intervention as well as economic displacement (e.g. fisheries,) due to the disruption of fishing grounds by dredging activities. An Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) will be prepared during implementation in accordance with the project‟s ESMF and RPF.

2.6 Environmental and Social Relating International Laws, Treaties and Agreements

Emission to Air Vienna Convention for Protection of the Ozone Layer (1993)

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1993)

London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1993)

Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (1993)

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(1994)

Kyoto Protocol to the Convention of Climate Change (2003)

Hazardous Waste Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2004)

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of

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Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (2015)

Asean Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (2003)

Biodiversity, Forests, and Cultural Heritage

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1994)

Convention on Biological Diversity (1994)

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)

International Tropical Timber Agreement (1996)

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (2005)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)(1997)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1997)

Establishment of Asean Regional Center for Biodiversity (2005)

Social, Labor and Health

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR)

Convention on the Rights of the Child (1991)

Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (1997)

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3 Initial Environmental Examination Process

This Chapter provides an overview of the process undertaking the Stretch-1 IEE for the upcoming microprojects including the information of the IEE Team Members and their responsibilities in the preparation of the report.

3.1 Study Team

The AIRBM Project Management Unit performed the IEE study including public consultation for this report during June – September of 2017. Each consultant‟s role and responsibilities in the study are provided in the below table.

Name of Professional

Role on study Qualifications Chapter

Aung Myo Khaing Project Supervisor M.Eng. (Water Engineering and Managment),B.E(Civil)

Chapter 7

Nan Kham Syne National Environmental Safeguard Specialist

M.Sc.(Environmental Engineering and Management),B.Sc.(hons;) Industrial Chemistry

Chapter 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9

Khin Seint Seint Aye

National Social Safeguard Specialist

M.Sc. (Environmental Engineering and Management),B.Pharm

Chapter 4,7,8

LievenGeerinck International Navigation Specialist

M.Sc. (Nautical Sciences), Certificate (Hydrography and Geodesy)

Chapter 4

Nicolaas Bakker International River Engineering Specialist

B.Sc. (Hydraulic Engineering and Hydrology), M.Sc. (Hydraulic and Coastal Engineering)

Chapter 4

Saw Sandar Win Environmental Quality Survey In-Charge

B.Sc. (Chemistry), AGTI (Civil) Chapter 5

San Aung River Hydrology Survey In-Charge

B.A. (Eco) Chapter 5

3.2 Environmental and Social Assessment Methodology

This chapter describes the process undertaken to produce this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and presents the methodology used to assess the significance of environment and social impacts that may result from the proposed series of microprojects.

3.2.1 Screening

Potential impacts have been identified through baseline assessments carried out in specific relation to the works activities anticipated in this Project. Impact assessment methodology has evolved significantly and the methodology used to assess the impacts from the microprojects will adopt widely established environmental dredging guideline. The methodology takes account of potential impacts on a wide range of receptors including: physical and chemical environment, biological environment (e.g. plants, terrestrial animals and communities, social groups and individuals. Screening is undertaken as part of the risk assessment process (i.e. to identify environmental and social risks) in line with the local EIA procedure to determine the level of impact assessment. As per the EIA procedure, a draft IEE with the project description was submitted to MONREC in 12th September 2017 which included:

regulatory requirements

project description

determining the study area

environmental and social context

stakeholder consultation

preliminary identification of potential impacts and mitigation measures

3.3 Contents and Methodology ofInitial Environmental Examination

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3.3.1 Content of the study

The study included the following actions:

1) Collection of the existing data in the project area on: meteo-hydrology, topography, soils and sediment characteristics, biological resources and socio-economy.

2) Field surveys, sampling and analysis of river water and sediment –River water quality at seven main cities from north to south within the Stretch-1 were sampled and tested including 1) Mandalay; 2) Sagaing ;3) Innwa;4) Myinmu;5) Myingyan; 6 )Pakkoku; and 7) Nyaung Oo. Suspended sediment load were tested by sampling at Mandalay, Confluence of Chindwin river and Ayeyarwady river during 2016-2017 fiscal year.

3) Desk study on prediction, assessment of the potential impacts and measures for impact mitigation. An environmental Impacts identification was internally carried out to systematically assess the potential environmental risks and impacts associated with the Project activities, mitigation strategies and to assess the residual environmental risks in the field at conceptual stage and design stage. The identified environmental impacts subsequently underwent further assessment in the impact assessment stage of the study. Chapter 6 provides full description of the impact assessment methodology and its application in the identification and assessment of potential environmental and social impacts and risks for the proposed microprojects.The approach of the Project is aligned with the 2015 EIA procedure.

4) Preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination Report and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Methodology

The following methods are used for this study

i) Judgment

Judgments were made for potential and probable impacts by the project on the natural and socio-economic environment based on international guidelines and experience.

ii) Matrix

Matrixes were set up for initial definition of the impact level of activities of the project on each environmental component.

iii) Assessment

A significance-based simple rating scale was used for rapid assessment of pollution potential and their risks. The four criteria used for evaluating whether or not adverse impacts are significant are 1) environmental loss and deterioration; 2) social impacts resulting directly or indirectly from environmental change; 3) non-conformity with environmental standards, objectives and guidelines; and 4) likelihood and acceptability of risks. The assessment methodology is described in detail in Chapter-6.

iii) Public Consultation

DWIR and PMU undertake two tiered consultation system organizing relevant stakeholders for sharing the project information and environmental impacts and assessment. In this process of public consultations, the project will follow the WB guideline.

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4 Project Description

4.1 Introduction

Because of the Ayeyarwady‟s ever-changing nature DWIR has been practicing dynamic river management for navigation in its mid and lower sections. During the wet season, strong flows change the characteristics of the navigation channel, as strong currents put huge amounts of sediment in motion, causing sedimentation and erosion that continuously change the shape of the channel system. The bottlenecks for shipping vary annually with the wet season flow. The dynamic character of the river requires DWIR to apply a flexible approach towards the planning and execution of maintenance dredging in the navigation channels. It means that seasonal/annual dredging and building of temporary supportive structures are required to solve the critical bottlenecks along the Stretch-1. DWIR has been traditionally carrying out small and reversible navigation enhancement interventions for decades in the form of wooden/stone groynes, hotspot/maintenance dredging to achieve immediate effects on the realignment of navigation channels, deepening of navigable depths and enabling access to the ports.

DWIR with the support of AIRBMP, proposes to undertake a series of small, temporary, and reversible navigation enhancement interventions – microprojects - that will promote safe navigation and improve public safety in Stretch-1. The first AIRBMP/DWIR microproject packages were dredging works and associated groyne structures in the 2015-2016 dry seasons. Subsequently, DWIR surveyed and found a number of bottlenecks in Stretch-1 which would require annual hotspot maintenance dredging.

The navigation enhancement interventions would consist of maintenance dredging and installation of temporary river training structures to support in diverting the flow to ensure the dredged channels are stable during low flow for safe navigation and public safety. The microprojects will be undertaken at the bottlenecks and constraint areas listed below in section 4.1 within the 200km long Mandalay – Nyaung Oo section. DWIR has a long-time experience with strategic seasonal dredging and building temporary structures such as these microprojects. With the support of AIRMBP, DWIR is now mainstreaming environmental and social management into its regular operations.

4.2 Dynamic River Management Concept by AIRBMP

The Ayeyarwady River, being a very dynamic and sediment-laden alluvial river, can only be feasibly permanently controlled in a few strategic locations. That is why the overall AIRBMP navigation strategy is focusing on “dynamic river management”. In practical terms, this means annual updating of navigation maps, establishing and relocating sophisticated navigation aids, strategic seasonal dredging, building temporary structures (such as wooden groynes), and in a few select strategic places, building permanent river control structures. AIRBMP supported some microprojects in the 2015-2016 dry season in Pakokku and Nyaung Oo. In the 2016-2017 dry seasons the AIRBMP is supporting the Mandalay microproject. In addition, AIRBMP will support DWIR to carry out a Subproject-1 in the Mandalay Waterway.

4.3 Overview of Bottleneck/Constraints area along the Stretch-1

DWIR has identified 46 constraints area along the Ayeyarwady before flowing into the Andaman Sea. 10 of these are in the Stretch-1 and they are expected to continue forming areas of concern for the shippers during the dry season (see in below table 1). At present, the minimum depth for navigation is about 1.5 m during the dry season (Nov-April). Under the microprojects, DWIR plan to increase the navigation depth to 2 m LAD for the dry season. Based on criteria set up to help with prioritization for the remaining project period, dredging these areas year by year in sequential order from Mandalay down towards Nyaung Oo will help clear up the bottlenecks. The name of a nearby village or township has been given for identification of waterway constraints.

These proposed bottlenecks will be consecutively cleared up in the form of sequential dredging operations year by year by setting up the criteria for prioritization throughout the remaining project period. The name of a nearby village or township has been given for identification of waterway constraints. The sequence from Mandalay in direction of Nyaung Oo has been followed.

4.4 Overview of Bottlenecks/Constraints area along the Stretch-1

DWIR surveyed a number of bottlenecks in Stretch-1 which would require annual hotspot maintenance dredging. There are 10 constraints area naming a nearby village or township has been given for identification. The sequence from Mandalay in direction of Nyaung Oo has been followed

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(shown in Table 1). These proposed bottlenecks will be consecutively cleared up as the sequence of dredging operations by setting up the criteria for prioritization throughout the remaining project period

Table 1: Name of River Bottlenecks to be addressed by AIRBM microproject

No. Constraints waterways

along stretch 1

Types of Constraint

Available depth

Available Channel

width

Submerged Rocks

Presence of Riffles at both

side

Difficult access to

ports

1 Mandalay Waterway √ √

2 ShankalayKyun Waterway √ √

3 MeeThwayTite- LatSaung Yu Waterway (Simmyay sandbars)

√ √

4 PaukMyaing-MyitThar Waterway (YwarThitGyi sandbars)

√ √ √

5 HtanZinHla- PalaeTan Waterway (HtanZinHla sandbars)

√ √

6 ShwePauk Pin- NganMyarKyi Waterway

√ √ √ √

7 Neyin- Pauk Taw Waterway √

8 Aung Pan Chaung- Sin Min Waterway (Chindwin confluence)

√

9 Pakokku Waterway √ √ √

10 Nyaung Oo Waterway (port access from North)

√ √ √

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Figure 2 : Map of Bottlenecks in the Stretch-1

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4.5 Potential Microprojects Locations

The maintenance dredging is planned to be undertaken on a regular basis. This can vary from continuous dredging to periodic works that occur once every few years or less frequently. The frequency and volume of material to be dredged depends on the rate of sediment build up caused by climatic conditions (e.g. sediment runoff, flow). This can be substantial after extreme weather events for instance flash floods. The proposed dredging volumes at each location will likely to have small changes during implementation. As by the ECD‟s advice for 2015-2016 microprojects, the Project (series of microprojects) under AIRBMP will make sure that the dredged volume for each disposal site is below the IEE thresholds under the national EIA procedure.

4.5.1 Mandalay Waterway

The Mandalay waterway is existing within the administrative boundaries of Aungmyaytharzan, Chanayetharzan, Chanmyatharzi, Maharaungmyay and Patheingyi Townships ranging from North Latitude 22° 1'22.91"N to 21°57'45.93"N and East Longitude 96° 2'17.41"E 96° 1'49.72"E.

Figure 3 : Google Image of Bottleneck at Mandalay Waterway

TheMandalay waterway is a high priority. Since 2014, the sandbar situated at the upstream of Mandalay Port, keeps moving downstream (See Fig. 3). During the 2017 dry season, this sandbar (roughly 1km long and max. 0.5 km wide sandbar at the eastern bank of the river) approached the Mandalay port area. The Port of Mandalay,(red circle in Figure 3) the most important port and hub along the Ayeyarwady River, is subjected to severe siltation and its access by users is becoming very difficult because of a growing sand bank in front of the port. If the access channel to the port cannot be deepened and freed, the Mayanchan Jetty will no longer be accessible. This jetty is part of the most important shipping port along the Ayeyarwady River for cargo boats, passenger vessels, cruising boats and local transport boats. The proposed dredging works will free the channel for the 2017 dry season. With the proposed dredging works, the bed level will be lowered which is crucial for attracting water and thus scouring during the higher flows.

4.5.2 ShankalayKyun Waterway

The ShankalayKyun Waterway, situated at about 5km downstream of the Mayanchan Jetty, lies between 21°56'56.90"N, 96°1'44.86"E and 21°54'9.27"N, 96° 0'20.56"E.The potential Microproject in this section aims at improving the navigation route which isfacing with alternate shallow sandbars at both the eastern and western bank of the river. ShankalayKyun Village of Amarapura Township is the nearest communities of the potential project location. Shrubs lands and agricultural lands are the major land cover types at both river banks of the proposed Microproject site.

Mandalay Port

2014

2015

2015

2017

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Figure 4 : Google Image of Bottleneck at ShanKalayKyun Waterway

4.5.3 MeeTwayTite~LatSaungYuu Waterway

The MeeTwayTite ~ LatSaungYuu Waterway section of the Ayeyarwady River lies in an east to west direction within geographical boundaries between latitude21°51'14.25"N to 21°52'59.79"N and longitude95°59'1.64"E to 95°53'33.52"E.Navigability in this section is difficult due to submerged rocks and extending mid-channel sandbars along the waterway. The eastern bank of proposed project is situated within Tadar U Township and the western bank within SagaingTownship. The concerned village tracts along this waterway are MeeTwayTite, Zee Pin Kwait, Ngayapyar and LatSaungyuu village tracts.

Figure 5: Google Image of Bottleneck at MeeTwayTite~ LatSaungYuu Waterway

4.5.4 PaukMyaung ~ MyitThar Waterway

PaukMyaung ~ MyitTharWaterway is located between geographical boundaries between latitude21°55'3.77"N to 21°54'1.23"N, and longitude95°46'4.95"E to 95°52'39.64"E.The navigation

Shan Ka Lay Kyun Htan Taw

War Chat

Taung Ta Man

MyayNgu

PaukMyaung

Let SaungYuu

Han TharWa Di

Sin Myay Daung Ma

Sagaing City

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route of this waterway is narrow due to submerged rocks situated at both the left and right side of the route. Navigation from Kindaw to Myitthar is sometimes passing the areas with the submerged rocks, causing difficulties for navigation. Gravel extraction is carried out and danger warning signs have been installed in this section.PaukMyaung ~ MyitTar Waterway is situated within the administrative boundaries of Ngazun, Tada U and Sagaing Townships and concerned village tracts along this waterway include PaukMyaing, Let Pan Zin, Htaukyit, Byae ta yaw, Sin Tat, Nga Ta Yaw, YwarThitGyi, Kyauk Ta lone, Nga Ta Yaw, YwarThitGyi, Kyauk Tan Kone, and Pyi Taw Tar.

4.5.5 Htan Sin Hla~Paledan Waterway

The Htan Sin Hla ~ PaledanWaterway (see in figure 7) is situated within the geographic boundaries between latitude 21°55'0.60"N to 21°54'57.21"N and longitude 95°36'8.83" to 95°45'23.55"E. In this section, alternate left and right sandbars and submerged bars cause a longer and twisted navigable route.TheHtan Sin Hla ~ PaleDan Waterway section is situated within administrative boundary of Ngazun, Myinmu and Sagaing and concerned village tracts along this waterway are Sin Tat, Mu way war htaung, Ywar Ma, KaingPyin, Myin Se, ShweHlay, Ngan Lunt, YwarThit and Kyauk Ta Lone.

Figure 6: Google Image of Bottleneck at PaukMyaung ~ MyitThar Waterway

Kyauk Ta Lone

YwarThitGyi

Nga Ta Yaw

ByeaTa Yaw

PaukMyaing

HtaukYit Kyee Ma Nar

Let Pan Zin

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Figure 7 : Google Image of Bottleneck at Htan Sin Hla~Paledan Waterway

4.5.6 ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Water way

ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Waterway ( see in figure 8) lies latitude 21°44'27.64"N to 21°52'42.68"N and longitude 95°29'30.51"E to 95°24'13.13"E. The Shwepauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Waterway lays within the administrative boundary of Myingyan, NgaZun, Myaung, Myinmu Townships and concerned village tracts along this section include AignThar, KyaukHpuKone, Ma YoneKone, Myin Tan, Nat Gyi, Ngar Nan, NganMyar, Pauk Taw, ShwePauk Pin, Si MeikKhone, Thar dun and YaeZin.

In this section, the Ayeyarwady River flows North East to southwest direction and navigable way in this area is commonly restricted by many extended sandbars on both banks_ especially during the lowest water level days. Many of point bars and mid channel bars along this waterway cause difficult navigability during dry season. Furthermore, the sandbar in front of Si MeikKhone Port is expected to become more extended in the next dry seasons which may affect port access.

Myin Mu

Sin Tat Ku Lar

Ngan Lunt

HtanZinHla

Myin Se

Kyauk Ta Lone

YwarThitGyi

NgaZun

Kin Taw

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Figure 8: Google Image of Bottleneck at ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Waterway

4.5.7 Ne Yin~ Pauk taw Waterway

A few kilometers upstream of the Chindwin and Ayeyarwady rivers confluence, NeYin ~ PaukTaw waterway section lies between latitude 21°31'52.62"N to 21°29'26.04" N and longitude 95°19'59.79"E to 95°17'52.19"E. This waterway section is situated within the administrative boundary of Myingyan and Yesagyo townships and concerned village tracts along the waterway include Ne Yin, Sin te, Tharpaung and GaungKwe village tracts.

Figure 9: Google Image of Bottleneck at Ne Yin~ PaukTaw Waterway

The accessible navigation route in this waterway is normally wide but limited with left and right shallows areas. Currently, navigable access within the Ne yin ~ Pauk Taw waterway is limited by longitudinally extending sand bars.

Myaung

KyiKone

Si MeeKhone

Ngar Nan NganMyarGyi Let Pan Thar

KyiKone

Ta Lin Kone

(Pauk Taw)

Sin Te Pat Tar

YaeShar

HlayKhoke

MyinGyan

Thin Baw Tin

Nat Hnyun

Nga Ta Yaw

TharPaung

Min

GaungGwe

Si MeeKhone Port

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4.5.8 Aung Pan Chaung ~ Sin Min Waterway

The Aung Pan Chaung ~ Sin Min waterway section (see in figure 10) is at latitude 21°26'47.49"N to 21°21'9.47"N and longitude 95°17'47.40"E to 95°09'53.39"E. This waterway section is located within the administrative boundaries of Pakokku, Myingyan, Taungtha and Yasegyo townships and concerned village tracts along this section include Aung Pan Chaung, Balaba,KhwayThaunt, Kun, LayyarPyayt, Lint Gyi, Ma Gyi Pin Pu, Nat Kyun, Nga Nan, Ngar Pin Sin, Shear and Sin Ma Ye.

After converging with the Chindwin River, the Ayeyarwady on the Aung Pan Chaung ~ Sin Min section is bifurcated and braided with multiple point bars and lateral side bars. The left channel is normally accessible for navigation. However, at present braided sandbars and shallow parts are constraints to navigation in this section. The waterway is, therefore, considered high priority for sustainable navigation at the confluence and further downstream.

Figure 10 : Google Image of Bottleneck at Aung Ban Chaung ~ Sin Min Waterway

4.5.9 Pakokku Waterway

The Pakokku Waterway lies at latitude 21°18'27.39"N to 21°14'33.89"N and longitude 95° 3'10.61"E to 94°58'33.75"E. The Pakokku Waterway is laying over the administrative boundaries of Pakokku and Nyaung Oo. The concerned village tracts along this waterway include Ah HtetNyint, AukNyintKokkohla, KyarKyun, Let Pan Chay Pw, MeiZi Li Pin Kone, Pu Lin, ThitHtaunt, Tin Gat and Yele (Zee taw) village tracts.

Navigation constraints within the Pakokku Waterway are formed by the development of point and mid-channel bars causing bifuraction and braiding along the river requiring maintainance dredging to be carried out .

Ngar Pin Sin KyawZi

DaungSar

Ma Gyi Pin Pu

Nyaung Pin

Shwe Dar

Inn Ma

Khway Taunt

Sin Ma Ye

Aung Pan

Chaung

Lint Gyi

KaingTaung

Dar Kyun

MyinKyun

Tha Pyay Thar

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Figure 11 : Google Image of Bottleneck at the Pakokku Waterway

4.5.10 Nyaung Oo Waterway

The Nyaung Oo Waterway lies between latitude 21°10'50.52"N to 21°14'25.15"N and longitude 94°51'1.02"E to 94°58'14.48"E.The Nyaung Oo Waterway is located within the adminstrative boundaries of Nyaung Oo and Pakokku Townships and concerned village tracts along this waterway include Tuang bi, Let Pan Kyun (Ku Kyun), Sharpin, Thayetaw, Pauktaw and Zee taw (Yae Le). Because of the dynamic nature of the Ayeyarwaddy in the Nyaung Oo section, maintenance dredging has being carried out since 1989. In 2015-2016 DWIR implemented the first AIRBMP microprojects including dredging and associated termporary river structures in the water way and will continue so in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The mid-channel bar in front of the Nyaung Oo Port has become distinct and consequently causing limited accessibility to the Nyaung Oo port for many tourist cruises coming to Bagan.Thus, the Nyaung Oo Waterway will be considered a high pritoriy for navigation improvement and maintainance activities.

Figure 12 : Google Image of Bottleneck at the Nyaung Oo Waterway

4.5.11 Estimated dredging volumes

Ye LaeZee Taw

Shar Taw KyunNyoGyi Sin Lan

Kyun U

KokeKoHla

Let Pan Chay Paw ThitHtaunt

Ah HtetNyint

Le Chaung Paw

Auk Nyint

Shar Taw

Let Pan Kyun

HtaukShar Pin

Ku Kyun

Pu Lin Gyi

Nyaung Oo

MyinKa Bar

ThaPhan Pin

Zee Taw

Nyaung Oo Port

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The DWIR has been carrying out annual dredging works in various states. Most of the dredging in the upper rivers is to restore the LAD for the dry season. The target LAD for Stretch 1 is 2 m. by 2020 year-round. The dredge volumes to be cleared are calculated based on information from the dry season period of 2016/ 2017.

Table 2 : Dredging Volume Estimate at each bottleneck

No. Bottlenecks identified by DWIR Estimated Dredging

Volume (m3)2

Estimated Dredging

Volume (Mt)

1 Mandalay Waterway 174,000 278,400

2 ShankalayKyun Waterway 62,000 99,200

3 MeeThwayTite- LatSaung Yu Waterway (Simmyay sandbars)

150,000 240,000

4 PaukMyaing-MyitThar Waterway (YwarThitGyi sandbars)

80,000 128,000

5 HtanZinHla- PalaeTan Waterway (HtanZinHla sandbars)

56,000 89,600

6 ShwePauk Pin- NganMyarKyi Waterway 172,000 275,200

7 Neyin- Pauk Taw Waterway 30,000 48,000

8 Aung Pan Chaung- Sin Min Waterway (Chindwin confluence)

253,000 404,800

9 Pakokku Waterway 280,000 448,000

10 Nyaung Oo Waterway (port access from North) 250,000 400,000

It should be noted that the estimated dredging volume at the ten bottlenecks were qualitatively identified by DWIR in May 2017 based on the result of feasibility study by RHDHV in 2015 when no bathymetric data of Stretch-1 was available yet.

An accurate plan of operations will be prepared when bathymetric survey data of Stretch-1 become available in the early December 2017. As the identification of bottlenecks is an estimate, the actual implementation may somewhat vary depending on more detailed results of the hydrographic surveys. DWIR will apply the hydrodynamic modeling tool to design the interventions for specific locations including dredging volume calculations (volume above LAD and required over-dredging), and recommendations regarding urgency and priorities.

4.6 Methodology and Approach

DWIR is undertaking annual maintenance dredging to maintain the navigation channel depth of the river. The dredging process includes removing material from the bed and disposing the spoil in another part of the waterway, with the aim of not making it readily be re-suspended and returned to the main channel, or disposed on land. Starting from the 2016-2017 dry season, DWIR, with financial and technical support from AIRBMP, plans to implement a series of navigation enhancement works incorporating environmental and social considerations at ten bottlenecks. These microprojects will be carried out by the Government of Myanmar with its own personnel and equipment (under Force Account procurement method). This strategic seasonal dredging approach involves time-sensitive work during the dry season: i) surveying the river to identify bottlenecks as they change every year (November-December); ii) engineering design and environmental/social assessment (January); and iii) construction/dredging (February – April). After every wet season, DWIR/AIRBM will carry out hydrographic surveys at the bottlenecks using modeling tools to help determine engineering designs, calculate volumes that have to be removed and the method of removal. Environmental and social assessments will be made for each intervention and a specific ESMP for each will be proposed.

Although the dredging could improve navigation conditions immediately, the dredged channel is sometimes unstable due to the heavy sedimentation nature of the river. Hence, a combination of dredging with temporary river training works is considered more sustainable and effective. Therefore, in this Stretch-1 case, DWIR will apply selectively “strategic groyne construction” (i.e. sand bag groynes/ wooden groynes/ stone groynes) aimed at minimizing maintenance dredging and creating a temporary stabilization factor for the navigation channel.

2 1 cubic meter of sand (dry weight) is equivalent to the 1.6 Tonnes

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4.6.1 Dredging Methodology

In the case of Stretch-1 microprojects, different types of dredging equipments of DWIR are supposed to be employed to achieve the project outcomes in the most efficient way. General types of dredging suitable for the Project are mechanical and hydraulic dredgers based on the physical processes involved in the excavation and transportation of the dredged material.Hydraulic dredgers, commonly used for maintenance dredging to remove loosely compacted materials using hoppers or hydraulic pipelines and mechanical dredgers remove loose or hard compacted materials by backhoe or grab. The final decision on the dredging equipment will be made based on the availability, cost and sediment characteristics and amount to be dredged once detailed bathymetric surveys at each specific location become available as detailed in annex-4.

4.6.2 Dredged Material Placement

One of the main determinant factors for the selection of sediment placement is the economic feasibility of transporting the spoils to the disposal area. In general, DWIR uses the open water placement method ensuring there is no net loss of sediment budget in the river while minimizing land acquisition on the land for the placement.

However, management of dredged material will have an impact on the technical sustainability of the microproject as well as environmental and social impacts. Therefore, selection of the proper site for dredged material placement is of great importance in dredging operations. DWIR willselects the site for placement considering physical, ecological, social and operational feasibility characteristics of the site as an additional in this Microproject.The potential sites will be quantitatively assessed using the criteria indicators to describe the technical and economic merits of each site, and the likelihood of social or environmental (ecological) impacts as described in Annex-3.

At the time of preparing this report, the location of disposal sites for each microproject is not able to be confirmed. It will be determined by DWIR‟s design team on a case-by-case basis.As discussed in section 5.3.11, most dredged material from Stretch 1 is expected to be clean sediment and it should be recognized as a resource having no harm as it is a part of the ecological system.

4.6.3 DWIR Fleet of Dredgers

DWIR owns and operate a fleet of dredging equipments. The existing fleet consists of dredgers and equipment from PR China.Detail list is attached in annex-3.

Figure 13: Backhoe dredger

A backhoe dredger is a barge-mounted excavator for dredging. The barge is a self-propelled. A backhoe has a moderate production rate that scoop sediment only (very little water is retained). The backhoes employ an articulated excavator bucket mounted on an articulated boom and use hydraulically operated rams for movement, positioning and excavating. The material is excavated, brought to the surface and placed in the split barges for transport to the placement area. A backhoe dredger and dredger with split barge to be used for the project are shown in figure 13.

In the case of dredging at Stretch 1, DWIR will apply two types of dredging: hydraulic dredging (cutter suction dredger) and mechanical dredging (backhoe dredger).A cutter suction dredger is a stationary vessel that uses a rotating cutter head to loosen the material in the bed („cutting‟).A suction inlet located beneath the cutter head is connected by a suction tube directly to one or more centrifugal pumps. The vacuum force at the suction inlet sucks up the loosened material. The suction tube and cutter head are attached to a ladder. The ladder with cutter head is positioned at the fore of the vessel. On the aft side, the cutter generally has two spud poles. One spud pole (the auxiliary spud) passes straight through the vessel, while the other is mounted on a movable spud

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carriage, which can be moved lengthwise along the vessel or pontoon. Steel cables are used to move the ladder or cutter head back and forth, with the spud in the spud carriage at the center of each concentric circle that it describes. Moving the spud carriage causes the cutter suction dredger to move as well („stepping‟). The cutter suction dredger discharges the dredged material directly to shore via a floating pipeline or into a barge with a special loading system. A cutter suction dredge to be used for the project is shown in figure 14.

Figure 14: Cutter Suction Dredger with Floating pipes

4.6.4 Temporary Training Construction

The structures can be considered small interventions of a removable and reversible character. The DWIR has long term experience with the construction of variety of groynes design that are used to support the maintenance dredging operations. The groynes are used to create contraction of flow lines at the entrance of the maintenance dredging channel, where water depths are still limited (around LAD).

The primary function of the groyne is to encourage the build-up of sand banks in their proximity such that the contraction of currents along the groyne head will increase the river depth directly downstream and particularly in the dredged navigation channel. Groynes are aligned perpendicular to the bank line or at an angle to the flow pointing downstream. The immediate effect of groynes will not be clearly seen, it only starts to be effective during the low water season following their construction year, when increasing water levels start covering the construction. Groynes are constructed to help stabilizing the alignment and depth of a navigation channel.

Groynes form part of the Microproject for Stretch-1 and will only be applied after the severity, cause and character of the sedimentation characteristic at each of the bottlenecks has been sufficiently studied and understood, and the construction of one of more groynes at the bottleneck location is considered an appropriate measure. Therefore, at this stage, it is not possible to provide exact location and number of groynes that will be built.

The design of a river groyne will be determined based on the three key features: a) erosion/ scour around groyne heads and in between groyne heads; b) mitigation of bank erosion; and c) relatively stable channel conditions (and stable “thalweg”).On average, the total length of a groyne in the Stretch-1 would be between 300 and 650m with the maximum height 2m above the chart datum. The design of the groyne consists of the “root end”, a main “body” and the “head”. The length of the groyne root is depending on the specific circumstances, roughly 60-80m, the main body, and the groyne head has a length of 15-20m.

Figure 15: Example of Temporary River Training Structures (Wooden Gryone)

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4.6.5 Sources of Construction Materials

The construction materials for river training structures will include stone boulders, bamboo, nylon nets, bamboo mattresses and wooden piles. Some of these materials will be obtained from within the Project area i.e. sand from the river (if feasible). Other materials such as stone boulders, bamboo, wooden piles will be procured from local/national markets. The estimated average labor requirement during construction of civil works at each site will be 50 to 100 persons per day which will be varied depending on the project size. Unskilled workers for the Project will be mainly hired locally and include women.

4.7 Project Cost

The estimated cost of the project, based on the assumption of 10 bottlenecks and 10 groynes, is approximately USD 4 million including ESMP cost. Theestimation was made on the previous first microproject package.

4.8 Safeguards Management

DWIR has prepared an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to cover the environmental assessment process and related social safeguard policies for investments financed under the Myanmar Ayeyarwady Integrated River Basin Management (AIRBM) Project. It provides guidance on the process of proper project implementation including preventing, minimizing or mitigating possible site-specific environmental and social impacts during the investments. In addition, it includes the information of difference environmental and social safeguard tools with policy framework for involuntary resettlement to be applied in each investment. DWIR and PMU is using this ESMF as a reference document for assessing the potential environmental and social impacts of each groundwork‟s financed under this program. Myanmar do not yet have regulations and guidelines for dredging and dredged material relocation yet at the present, hence, DWIR has started upgrading their routine operation procedures by adding environmental and social component ( see in figure 16) aiming to develop a good practice management of environmental risk associated with the river dredging for commercial purposes as well. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), including in this Initial Environmental Examination report, was prepared in accordance with the national guidelines for conducting Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), other environmental and social regulation and laws of Myanmar and World Bank Environmental Assessment (EA) and social policies and procedures on involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples as specified in the World Bank Group safeguard policies.

It provides appropriate management procedures and maintenance operations guideline and procedure, public health and safety management, occupational hazard prevention and control, interaction with ongoing shipping, and waste management. Moreover, as illustrated in figure 16, DWIR develops the design with the minimum impacts to the environment and focus on making strong relation with the communities to ensure that the Project activities would bring up only positive benefits to the environment while avoiding causing any adverse significant losses.

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Figure 16: Process Cycle incorporating Environmental and Social Consideration for Project Implementation

4.9 Alternatives

4.9.1 “No Project” Alternatives

The Ayeyarwady, with a navigable length of 1534 km, has been the main commercial waterway in Myanmar for hundreds of years and stabilizing it is very important. In recent decades, the navigability of the Ayeyarwady has been limited due to low water levels caused by climate change and heavy siltation from upstream deforestation. Currently vessels have to run half-loads and there have been higher grounding incidents that increase transportation time and costs and turnaround time of vessels during the dry season. The inland water transportation (IWT) sector is widely considered as a cheaper and more environmentally friendly mode of transport. However, the sector is not fully developed in the Ayeyarwady river. In addition, DWIR‟s dredging practice has been focused on quickly solving hotspots bottlenecks due to the lack of proper advanced tools to predict the dynamic nature of the river. Therefore, several navigation constraints along the river still remain to be addressed.

Annual dredging is presumed to be necessary for maintaining the waterway; particularly for braided rivers with heavy siltation. However, the maintenance of navigation in highly braided and multi-channel rivers like the Ayeyarwady could not be successful only with a single intervention. The general solutions, to enhance the navigability to be a more attractive transport mode in the country, involve dredging and systematic river training works such as revetments and groynes on both sides of the river. Such infrastructures will help in developing safe and stable navigation channels with sufficient depth so that bank erosion by shipping movements could be reduced along the bank.

The Government of Myanmar is committed to maintaining and improving river navigation, including Stretch-1 of the Ayeyarwady. Without the Project, and if the navigational routes are not maintained with adequate infrastructure, the IWT‟s regular function will continue to deteriorate. Therefore, AIRBMP is applying a two-tiered approach to address this issue. Firstly, by implementing the proposed microprojects that will provide cost-effective and environmentally and socially acceptable annual maintenance operations (i.e. maintenance dredging and river training structures) to maintain the navigation route along Stretch 1, and secondly, by the utilizing larger river training schemes called “Subprojects”, which are designed by using modeling tools to gain safe and stable navigation channels and minimizing the need for annual dredging and other maintenance measures.

4.9.2 Priority Criteria for Project Location

For the safe and regular navigation in Ayeyarwady, DWIR is working on the following requirements;

stabilizing of the main channel and diverting the flow from secondary channels, improving the

channel alignment (e.g. a uniform radius and width), easy accessing to port facilities throughout the

year, removing the hazards such as shoals, rock or other navigation impediments, and incorporating

structures designed to provide increased depth for shipping. During low flow, the main channel

width and the LAD are the main factors for transporting cargo over a stretch of the river when the

main design criteria are vertical clearance at bridges, and the velocity field of the river for the high

flow season.

DWIR is going to determine the priority of microprojects setting up the indicator basically in order to fulfil their mandate. Two indicators to be applied to prioritize the microproject every year once hydrographic survey has completed are :

1) Navigable Depth: Securing the LAD in the stretch by lowering the shoals and bars obstructing the channel depends on the nature of the shoals is the priority task for DWIR. Natural shoaling problems cause the limitations in channel width, depth, and alignment in the stretch-1. These problems can usually found in crossings, long straight reaches, or bendways where the low-water channel tends to be unstable, at mouths of tributary streams, in reaches where there is divided flow or bifurcated channels. Then, the availability of adequate depth for navigation becomes urgent issue to be solved out. Therefore, DWIR plans to conduct regular hydrographic survey after wet season and generate the map of Stretch-1. Once the result of survey confirms the critical draught, the volume to be dredged out will be calculated aiming to achieve the strategic objective 2 of Component-3.

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2) Accessing to Port Facilities: DWIR fulfills its statutory requirement providing the safe channel to access the port. The river channel is normally constraint in width and alignment, by migration of sandbar that cause blocking the access to the port and erosion caused by under cutting of the revetments while congestion of shipping will introduce an additional risk. Ports along the stretch-1 have been playing as an important role for local economic growth through trading goods. From the perceptions of economics and safety, DWIR usually prioritize the access of port needs for maintaining the sufficient channel width and depth for maneuvering and turning ships while proceeding to and from the berth facilities so that congested condition associated with the risk of groundings and collisions can be avoided. Based on the vessel type, traffic and economic activities at the area, the dimensions of the channel requirement is varied.

3) Alternate locations for interventions: Areas other than those identified as the ten hotspots for Stretch 1 that may be suitable alternativesfor siting of groynes or dredging will be considered and analysed as part of the ESMP during project implementation.

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4.10 Overall Implementation Schedule for Each microproject

Activities Day

3 Day

6 Day

9 Day 12

Day 15

Day 18

Day 21

Day 24

Day 27

Day 30

Day 33

Day 36

Day 39

Day 42

Day 45

Day 48

Day 51

Day 54

Day 57

Day 60

Day 63

Day 66

Day 69

1. Mobilization of Equipment

2. Guidance of existing shipping activities

3.Pre-dredging surveys: Topographic &bathymetric marking boundaries

4.Layout of pipes, and preparations of split barge

5. Sampling

6.Hydraulic and Mechanical Dredging and Disposal Operations

7.Post-Dredging surveys

8.Demobilization

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5 Existing Environmental and Social Setting

This Chapter presents an overview of the environmental physical components in the Study Area. The aim of the Environmental & Social (E&S) Baseline is to provide an exhaustive overview of the characteristics of the different environmental, social and health components present in the proposed microproject area representing the Project Location. The Baseline is based on a secondary data review, more detailed and in-depth analysis will be provided in a future step of the Project, through specific environmental, social and health surveys, contacts and interviews with public and local stakeholders.

5.1 Definition of the study area or project influence area

The Ayeyarwady river has a total drainage basin of about 415,000km2, which covers 55%-60% of

the country. It is the largest river and most important commercial waterway for the country having

the total length of 1534 km. Out of the total length, the microporjects will be undertaken within the

Mandalay – NyaungOo section in the length of 200 km which falls into the central part of the

country. The influence area of the overall Project is defined as areas that are likely to be directly or

indirectly affected by the proposed dredging and construction activities. This includes but is not

limited to what extent the project would impact floodplain areas, hydrology, morphology, and the

project footprints. The influence area covers the entire stretch reach between the Project routes and

extending 0.5 kilometer on each side of the river bank.

5.2 Baseline Collection Methodology

The baseline characterization of the Study Area has been conducted through a review of the available information, mainly at national and regional levels gathered from secondary sources using publicly available information as well as previous studies performed by DWIR. The project footprint on these land cover area has been considered as the basis for the related Impact Assessment. The Baseline has been organized into four main components: Physical, Biological, Socio-Economic, and Cultural.

5.3 Physical EnvironmentSetting

5.3.1 Topography

The Project is located on the administrative boundary of Sagaing region, Mandalay region and Magway region. The location is falling into the upper zone of central Myanmar with relatively low-lying terrain. The elevation varies from 1 to 1351 meter in the central of Myanmar between two elevated regions- Shan Highland and RakhineYoma and Chin Hills. The area is particularly well-known as the Dry Zone defined by low annual rainfall.

5.3.2 Geography and Soil

As the dry zone lies in the lowland, the landscape is flat. Generally, the area is dominated by thorny trees and shrubs with the distribution over the area of cinnamon soils, red-brown savanna soils, dark compact savanna soils and meadow soil. They consist of stone fragments with small residues of humus. Soil types in the regions include light forest soil (Nitosol), red brown savanna soil (Luvisol), dark compact soil (Vertisol), meadow soil (Gleysol) and meadow alluvial soil (Gleysol Fluvic). The pH level of the soil ranges from 7-9 with relatively good fertility especially flood plain area in the river.

5.3.3 Temperature

Myanmar has a tropical monsoon climate. The rainy season typically occurs from May to September, resulting in a wet and humid climate while the dry season occurs from October to April, resulting in dry and warm conditions. The climatic condition of the Central Dry Zone is variable from year to year. April is the hottest month and January the coldest. The Dry Zone of Central Myanmar experiences severe heat. Monthly temperatures range from a minimum of about 10º C in December, January and February to a maximum of about 43º C in March, April and May. The mean temperature difference is around 10º C. Average maximum and minimum temperatures were 33º C and 21º C respectively. The hottest month in the Dry Zone is April or May and the coldest month being December or January.

5.3.4 Hydrology

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The Ayeyarwady river is 2,170 km long and flows from north to south through 61% of the total country with a catchment area of 424,000 sq.km.The source of the discharge flow is from glacier melts and southwest monsoon rains between May to October. The hydrological condition of the river is mainly influenced by the southwest monsoon and the dry season, during which the central zone of Myanmar does not have any rainfall contributing to the river flow. Flows and water depths in the main channel increase rapidly during the wet season (June-October) eventually over-topping levees to inundate adjacent and internal floodplains. Discharge typically peaks during August and September. Water levels begin to fall in October and reach their minimum at the end of the dry season (March) with large variations up to 10 meters. The annual flow of the river is approximately 400 km3 with 90% of the discharge in the monsoon season. Three major tributaries, the Chindwin, Shweli, and Myitnge, meet the river as it flows to the south through Myanmar‟s central land. By adding to seasonal melting snow from the Himalayan region, strong variation in precipitation causes discharge in the river to vary throughout the year between 2,300 m3/s and 32,600 m3/s with the average being 13,000 m3/s. About 70 % of the total annual discharge occurs between July and October with an annual average discharge of 410 km3/year. Although there are no major dams in the main flow of the Ayeyarwady, the water discharge can change rapidly from dams in the tributaries.

5.3.5 Rainfall and Surface Water Resources

Rainfall is also controlled by the monsoon circulation system. Myanmar has extreme variations in rainfall with mean annual rainfall ranging from under 500 mm/yr in the centre of the country up to a high of 6,000 mm/yr in southern and western states. September is the month with the heaviest rainfall in the dry zone, which falls within the rain shadow area since highlands in the east and mountains in the west serve as effective climate barriers for the southwest and northeast monsoons. Hence, the central region is vulnerable to droughts caused by irregular and sparse rainfall. Estimated surface water storage in dry zone is about 8,780 Mm3 and major surface water sources in dry zone region comprise Ayeyarwady River and its tributaries of Chindwin, Mu, Myitnge and, Zawgyi River. The surface water resource in dry zone is generally limited with low rainfall with average annual precipitation of 725 mm. River water is normally utilized for irrigation, drinking water purposes and other domestic usage. Considerable numbers of river pumping stations also exist along the river. With limited resource, check dams and ponds are also common practice of storing surface water for dry zone.

Figure 17: Central Ayeyarwady River Between Mandalay to Nyaung Oo (Stretch 1)

5.3.6 Natural Hazards

a) Floods

Flood is a common climate hazard in the central and lower reaches of the Ayeyarwady River. Water level reaches a danger level in the region normally during late July and flooding could occur in the

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following weeks. Floodwater is about 25 feet above the ground in low-lying areas. In recent years, the dry zone has suffered severe floods as a consequence of deforestation and climate change.

b) Earthquakes

Historic records show that at least 15 major earthquakes with magnitudes of M≥7.0 have occurred in Myanmar in the last hundred years. Along the central lowland, the shallow-focused earthquakes (focal depth 0 – 70 km) occur mainly due to the Sagaing Fault and are often more destructive than intermediate ones at the same magnitude. The study area is noted as an earthquake-prone area and can be categorized as a severe zone with a probable maximum range of ground acceleration 0.3 – 0.4 g. The area can have strong earthquakes (the frequency of occurrence is on average one every 50 years), with occurrences at >7 on the Richter scale.

5.3.7 Geomorphic Characteristics

Mixed hard and soft rocks dominate the Ayeyarwady river basin and the geomorphic features reflect

the underlying rock types and structure. The study area lies on the central dry belt with a <3 slope

and >30m elevation. Thus, Stretch-1 is classified as a low slope and low elevation zone out of six

geomorphic zones (see in table 3) that could be found in Myanmar and this region can be referred

to as an alluvial basin and also a temporary sediment storage area of the river.

Table 3: Geomorphic zone distribution by basins (Source: ICEM, 2017)

5.3.8 Channel morphology

Much of the length of the Ayeyarwady is prone to channel changes and migration, due to the channel being unconstrained, having relatively low slopes and high sediment loads. The channel morphology of the stretch 1 is regarded as the highly complex mixing with braided area and meandering patterns with dynamic characteristics due to the large variations in seasonal water level and sediment transport. The variation in water levels and planform changes of the river with numerous sandbars create not only navigational problems in the river section but also floods and erosion potentials in the cities along river by disrupting the flow in the rainy season. The course of the river ahead of Mandalay is flowing straight in south direction and later change to westward turn before the confluence with Chindwin River, after which it continues in a southwestern direction. The river is broad and open course along the Stretch-1 through the low land dry zone. Normally channel migration happens during high discharge period. During high discharge, the river had been shaped by morpho dynamics process such as erosion and deposition. For the downstream section, discharge distribution and channel angle at the confluence also dominates in planform variation and bar migration apart from the magnitude and extent of morpho dynamics process.

Figure 18: Slope map of Myanmar (ICEM,2017)

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Figure 19: Morpho dynamics at Ayeyarwady-Chindwin Confluence

The river is classified as having a braiding channel with broad flood plains in the Mandalay to Sagaing section. The morpho dynamics process is more significant in the reach upstream causing channel shifting and sand bar formation upstream of Mandalay. At Sagaing bridge, the river enters a very narrow passage, after that the river has a sinuous pattern, with bars migrating along the channel. The river flows in a braided pattern with large sandbars and becomes wider and shifts to the left eroding the bank. After Mandalay, the Ayeyarwady River joins with the Chindwin River and meanders through a densely populated dry zone.

The Ayeyarwady – Chindwin confluence is the most dynamic area sinuous with mid-channel bars and lateral side bars(see in figure 19). The mid-channel bars are large and elongated and typically covered with vegetation. Along with plan form changes, the confluence point gradually moves downward because of the high sediment load from upstream Chindwin Basin.

Figure 20: Planform Changes in the downstream section of Ayeyarwady –Chindwin Confluence (2000~2017)

Further downstream from the confluence the river seems more braided with large sinuous bends and lateral side bars and some mid-channel bars with vegetation. The morpho dynamic changes can continuously be found (see in figure 20) with the erosion and deposition phenomenon by the primary flow, spiral flow and bed slope effects.The combined sediment loads of both river branches consequently causes changes and variations in plan form in this river section. The river in this

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section tends towards sinuous plan form with alternate river bends along floodplains that could induce erosion at the bank up to 0.5 meters per day, the eastern bank, however, is more stable with non-erodible rocks.

5.3.9 Sediment Budget

The Ayeyarwady carries large amounts of sediment discharge to the sea with more than 90 % of the total suspended load discharged between Mid-June and Mid-November. Information related to suspended sediment transport along the Ayeyarwady is very limited. In 1983, it was estimated that, with annual freshwater discharges of 411 ± 53 Km3, the Ayeyarwady transported 261 ~ 334 million tons (MT) of suspended sediment and 53 million tons (MT) of bed material annually. It was ranked as the fifth largest river-sediment discharge to the sea in term of suspended sediment.

The suspended sediment budget of river while passing thorough the dry zone or central basin was recorded as 229 million tons of suspended sediment with 32 million tons measured in Mandalay. Nearly half of the suspended load of these 229 million tons was contributed by non-perennial streams with dry sandy beds and the remaining was contributed by the Chindwin River (Stamp, 1940). Later, a few studies described different values for the annual sediment load of the river (e.g. the annual sediment load was reported as 364 ± 60 million tons in the study by Robinson et al, 2007 and as 325 ± 57 Million tons in the study by Furuichi et al. ,2009). However, the actual transport of suspended sediment still remains as unquantifiable so far.

Therefore, DWIR has conducted a study on sediment load in the Ayeyarwady and its major tributary the Chindwin since 2015. During 2016~2017, DWIR also carried out measurement of suspended sediment loads but was limited by capacity and sampling stations.

According to the DWIR suspended sediment measurement data (2016), it was observed that the Ayeyarwady carries higher suspended sediment load during the high flow rather than the low flow period. During the high flow, suspended sediment load upstream of the Ayeyarwady-Chindwin Confluence was measured at 0.119 Mt/day befitting it being known as the sediment transfer zone of the river. The Chindwin is the largest tributary and major sediment supplier of the Ayeyarwady and has influences on river morpho dynamics further downstream. Further downstream of the Ayeyarwady-Chindwin confluence, the suspended sediment load tends to increase up to 0.332 Mt/day near Pyay. It can be concluded that the dry zone of the central river basin (including Stretch-1) is the major contributor of suspended sediment loads to the Ayeyarwady River helped by its landscape of low vegetation cover and intensive annual monsoon rainfalls which all lead to intense gullying and rapid land surface erosion.

5.3.10 Sediment Characteristics

As stated in section 5.2.8, Stretch-1 generally lies within the alluvial valley of the central basin, therefore, it is generally dominated by loose, unconsolidated and rapid erodible soil and sediment. According to a study done by RHDHV in 1987, the bed material of this section consists of rather fine sediments. The average size of the sediments on the river ranges from 0.23mm in the upper course to 0.28 mm in the lower course.

Information and datasets related to sediment characteristics of the central basin is very limited. According to Velden, J. (2015) and Dook (2016), the dominant proportion of the majority of sediment samples along Stretch-1 (see in figure 21) can be characterized as sandy material. The soil composition at the Mandalay ~ Sagaing Section comprises of a small amount of silt (up to 5%) and gravel (up to 2%) in addition to a dominant proportion of sand material. More than 20 % of gravel had been observed in sediment from narrower passages of the Ayeyarwady near Si MeeKhone (11/12) and Nyaung Oo (23). Near Pakokku (22), apart from coarse materials and sand, a small fraction of silt and clay comprises 6.9 % of particle distribution. It can be said that bed material loads between Mandalay and Nyaung Oo are sandy with a median grain diameter of around 0.3 mm.The team from PMU also sampled and tested the grain size at the Nyaung Oo-Pakkoku section. Fine sediments (as fine as 0.25 mm) were taken at some locations, but in all these cases, a second sample at the same location was found to be much coarser (>0.5 mm). This indicates patchiness of the bed surface, which can be caused by ripples and dunes at the river bed.

But coarser sediment may also be characterized in some specific areas where some gravel mining could be seen in the main channel (small pump dredgers with large sieves) at the Myingyan, Myinmu and Nyaung-U waterways.

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Figure 21: Sediment Sampling Locations (Velden, J. (2015))

5.3.11 Sediment Quality

At the time of preparing this report, DWIR and AIRBMP could not conduct the sampling for sediment quality of Stretch-1 yet but plan to once river water level goes down during November. The results will be described in the site-specific ESMP for microprojects.

However, the presence of sandy material at the river bed and the land use pattern along Stretch-1 leaves DWIR to believe that sediment in Stretch-1 is still in a clean state as sandy material generally has a low capacity to retain pollution including heavy metals and no heavy industrial activities are found along the Project area. The nearest industrial zone is located in Mandalay. Mining activities are mostly located farther upstream near the border with China, although some small scale gravel mining operations on mounted-on small vessels was observed while travelling on the river.

5.3.12 Water Quality

DWIR has for many years been measuring the river water quality along the Ayeyarwady as an

annual routine to monitor the river quality. Table 4 shows the baseline data from DWIR for February

and March of 2015 compared to WHO drinking water standards since the river has being sourced

for the dwellers living along its banks. On-site river water quality tests were carried out by DWIR

with their own equipment. Based on the results, most of the parameters showed the river quality

along Stretch 1 was within the permissible level of WHO. However, the turbidity of the river is

remarkably higher than the standards due to its original hydrological and geological nature. For

groundwater, because it is expected that the extent of the AIRBM microproject impacts would be

limited to within the river, baseline data collection for groundwater quality has not been conducted

for this Project.

Table 4:Ayeyarwady river quality at seven townships in the Stretch-1 (Source: Planning and

Research Department, DWIR)

Location

Chloride Iron Hardness Nitrate Fluoride pH Temp D.O Turbidity

(mg/l)

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) ( C)

(mg/l) (NTU)

WHO standard 600 1 500 45.0 1.5

6.5-9.2

25.0

Mandalay 0 0.49 0 0.5 0.23 8.14 24.4 9.5 50

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Sagaing 92 0.1 42 0.33 0.05 7.5 29.9 7.83 40

Innwa 240 0.035 102 0.33 1.3 7.5 30.1 9.29 50

Myinmu 450 0.055 65 0.27 1.4 7.4 29.8 7.06 60

Myinchan 410 0.065 85 5 0.2 7.4 30.2 6.57 60

Pakouku 260 0.525 101 0.5 1.5 8.2 20.4 12.24 120

Nyaung Oo 166 0.145 102 0.24 0.55 8.1 21 13.53 100

5.4 Ecological Resources

In the same way, the numerous different landscapes and seascapes in Myanmar are home to a wide range of habitats and wildlife, the basin is also enriching with biodiversity. Over 50% of the whole basin area is forest and about 6% is wetlands and known as s one of the world‟s eight hottest hotspots of biodiversity. The Ayeyarwady River is home to 79 known fish species and as of 2002 there were four known endemic bird species in the basin.According to IUCN (Smith 2004), there are no Threatened (Vulnerable (VU); Endangered (EN); or Critically Endangered (CR)) species of aquatic fauna or flora at the project locations. The central basin of the river is an important wintering and staging area for migratory waterfowl from the northern ranges area. Also, the flood plains in the central dry zone are regarded as one of the Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) where national endemic species: Hooded Tree pie; White throated Babbler; and Burmese Bush lark could be found.NearMingun which is the upstream of Mandalay, the river provides crucial habitat to the critically endangered Ayeyarwady River Dolphin (Orcaellabrevirostris) during monsoon. The Ayeyarwady Dolphins have a unique socioeconomic cooperative relationship with local fishermen. According to IUCN, surveys undertaken between 1996 and 2003 indicated that the dolphins are concentrated in geomorphologically complex stretches of the Ayeyarwady with channel convergences, islands, and defiles. The upper range limit of the population is Bhamo (about 380 km upstream of Mandalay) where the course of the river is interrupted by rocks and the lower limit area is Mingun. Therefore, there is unlikely to find Dolphins in the Stretch-1.

According to the data from the Forest Department, the mixed deciduous forest type is dominant in the Project area. There are two protected forest areas that are home to word‟s largest populations of endangered Eld‟s deer: i) Chatthin in Sagaing Region and ii) Shwesettaw in Magwe Region are two long-established wildlife sanctuaries in the central dry zone of Myanmar and far distance from the project influence area.Abundant of Scrub, grassy meadows, and gallery forests were observed during the site visit. Grasses are harvested for cattle food and firewood is gathered from the floodplain.Most of the gazing land and farmland of the central dry zone is occupied by various invasive species such as Prosopisjuliflora. Detail information on natural habitat and biodiversity occurred in the Stretch-1 is described in Annex-1.

5.5 Socioeconomic Setting

The Stretch-1 of Ayeyarwady river is passing through the central dry zone of Myanmar whichhave more than 54,000km2, encompassing from the lower Sagaing region, to the western and central parts of the Mandalay region and most of the Magway region. Stretch-1 covers 16 townships in these three regions: Magway, Mandalay and Sagaing. The 6 townships are 1) Pakokku, and 2) Yasegyo townships of the Magway Division, 3) Myaung, 4) Myinmu and 5) Sagaing townships under the Sagaing region, 6) Amarapura, 7) Aungmyaythazan, 8) Chanayethazan, 9) Chanmyathazi, 10) Mahaaungmyau, 11) Myingyan, 12) Ngazun, 13) Nyaung-U,14) Patheingyi, 15)Tada-U, and 16) Taungtha under the Mandalay Region.

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Figure 22 : Maps showing Townships along Ayeyarwady River and Stretch-1

The total population (Figure 23) in the stretch 1 area is 3,883,281. Among the 16 townships, four townships of Mandalay city are being regarded as the most populated city area following by the Sagaing townships. Majority of the population is Bamar.

Myaung

Myinmu

Sagaing

Pakkoku

Yesagyo

Stretch- 1

Amarapura

Aungmyaythazan

Chanayethazan

Chanmyathazi

Mahaaungmyau

Amarapura

Myingyan

Ngazun

Nyaung-U

Patheingyi

Tada-U

Taungtha

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Figure 23 : Population Map of Townships along Stretch-1

The settlements of towns and villages are situated mainly on the river bank. The study area is mostly a mix of forests, agricultural and barren land. The interconnected ecosystems within the Ayeyarwady river basin provide valuable ecosystem services (provisional, cultural, supportive and regulatory), which support the livelihoods of many people within the central region via productive agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. Agriculture is the primary economical source of livelihood. Industry, including alcoholic breweries, textile factories, sugar mills, and gem mines and oil and gas blocks also exist. Tourism now forms a substantial part of the region's economy, as it contains many historical sites.

5.5.1.1 Land Use/ Land Cover of Stretch 1

As the central dry zone relies on agricultural activities, about half (56%) of the dry zone is agricultural land. Forest cover – both closed and open - of 9, 4780 sq. is the second largest land use type. Shifting cultivation is known to affect 13 % of the total area of the central dry zone. Water body occupies 472.15 sq..mile (1.4) % while 2 % are other types of land use - swamps, sand bars and built up areas.

Figure 24 : Land Use Type of Stretch

Figure (25) shows the Stretch 1 land cover map which can be generally classified as 1) water body, 2) urban/built up areas, 3) cultivated land, 4) vegetation, 5) sand bars and 6) others (roads, bridges, bare land etc.). Deciduous forests, shrub lands, bushes are under the vegetation category while cultivated land includes crop cultivation and alluvial farming. The pale pink color on the map represent urban/built up areas and considerable distribution of settlements can be seen clearly along Stretch

56% 28%

13%

1.4% 2%

Agriculture

Forest

Shifting Cultivation

Water Bodies

Other Land Use

No Land Use Type Area (sq.mile)

1 Agriculture 18691.24

2 Forest 9,478.80

3 Shifting Cultivation 4,381.52

4 Water Bodies 472.15

4 Other Land Use 659.80

Total 33,683.53

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture

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Figure 25: Land Cover MapOf Stretch 1

5.5.1.2 Farming

Main agricultural practices of central dry zone include paddy cultivation, and non- rice crops such as pulses, oil seeds, wheat, maize, peanut, sesame, cotton, tobacco, chili and legumes. Seasonal crops plantations are particularly found in floodplain area during the summer season. Varity of Cropping patterns such as intercropping, relayed cropping, mixed cropping and grazing, had been practiced in Le (paddy land), Ya (dry land), and Kaing-Kyun ( alluvial/island) of different land types. Cultivation can be whether monsoon paddy cultivation followed by post-monsoon crops such as

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pulses and sesame or cultivation of groundnut and different kinds of peas as pre-monsoon crop followed by a monsoon crop of rice and sesame. Major constraints for agricultural sector of Dry zone of central Myanmar contain Droughts, floods, and land degradation and poor agricultural practice. During the dry season , people are living at the temporary farming settlements on islands of Ayeyarwady River for farming on the floodplains.

5.5.1.3 Fisheries

The freshwater fisheries in Myanmar are significant and important in the national economy and for supporting livelihoods and rural incomes. Traditionally Myanmar people prefer freshwater fish to marine fish. Myanmar has impressive freshwater capture fisheries. Myanmar has 300 species in inland fisheries and 25% of total fish production is account on the inland fisheries. The size and scale of activities and opportunities within the inland fisheries and aquaculture sector varies from very small-scale to large-scale commercial operations. Ayeyarwady river is providing the largest share of fisheries production due to the presence of floodplains, wetland and swamps. Fishing is one of the few available livelihood opportunities for most of the landless people within the project area. Both capture and culture fisheries practices can be observed in the Stretch-1.The fisheries livelihoods that were identified in the Stretch-1 as 1)“Inn” Leasable fisheries; 2) Open Fisheries ,3)Tender fisheries and 4) Small scale aquaculture. The most common fishing techniques used in inland fisheries nowadays are “drift net, gillnet, traps and pots, pole-and-line, stationary traps in the near shore of rivers”. All fishing gears require a license from DOF, although in practical terms it is difficult to collect license fees from all the small gear holders.

From the point of commercial terms, on the central Myanmar, Silonia silondia, Wallago attuand Sperata aor are considered the most important commercial species.

Figure 26: Hilsa Breeding Site at Pakkoku (ref: BOBLME.2015,)

In addition, as the migratory species, Tenualosailisha (Hilsa), LC in IUCN red list, is the well known commercial species in the Project area. The hilsa normally migrate from bay of Bengal to the upper stretch of Ayeyarwady river (up to Katha, Sagaing Region) through the main stream of Ayeyarwady. There are 6 breeding sites in the Ayeyarwady river system and Pakkoku waterway is one of breeding sites for hilsa species. The Pakkoku site has 3km length in the mainstream, in shallow sandy areas.

According to the interview with local fishermen, it is occurred at the Mandalay, Myinmu, Myingyan waterways and most abundantly at the Pakkokuwaterway between November and February. Interviewees also indicated that breeding month at Pakkoku is during January–February and the breeding month is during March to April at the other sections of the river.

Ecological indicator for good fishery condition, Catfish Wallagoattu, is abundantly found, a sensitive

and very valuable species, in the Project area. Freshwater shrimp Macrobrachiumrosenbergiiis also

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very important to income of fishers in this zone, followed by feather backs (e.g.

Notopterusnotopterus).Other species observed during the field visits include Labeorohita, Tilapia,

Barbonymous, Mrigal, Catla and small cyprininds.

5.5.2 Cultural Resources

There are a considerable number ofBuddhist pagodas particularly in the central part of the country .The culture of Myanmar has been heavily influenced by Buddhism and the Mon people. Currently there are no sites listed on the World Heritage List (Source: UNESCO, 2014) within the Stretch-1. However, the important sites being regarded as the cultural heritage by Department of Archaeology and National Museum are (see in figure 27 ) :

1) Ancient cities of Upper Myanmar: Innwa, Amarapura, Sagaing, Mingun, Mandalay (04/10/1996);

2) Bagan Archaeological Area and Monuments (04/10/1996);

3) Wooden Monasteries of Konbaung Period: Ohn Don, Sala, Pakhangyi, Pakhannge, Legaing,

Sagu, Shwe-Kyaung (Mandalay) (04/10/1996).

4) Ayeyarwady River Corridor (2014) – It is the 400km stretch of the river covering 900 million m2of river and riparian habitat. The section starts from the above of Mandalay City to theBhamo is being regarded as the natural heritage area which has been nominated as the UNESCO World Heritage Sties List since 2014.The corridor is the important habitat for the Irrawaddy Dolphin (VU-IUCN Redlist), White-bellied Heron (CR-IUCN Redlist), which may have a global population as low as 250 and Northern River Terrapin (CR-IUCN Redlist), and the Burmese Eyed Turtle(VU-IUCN Redlist).

Therefore, it can make a conclusion that the Stretch-1 Microproject area does not fall into the direct

influence zone defined by the Department of Archaeology.

Figure 27 : Ancient Cities along Stretch 1

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6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

This chapter describes the potential positive and negative impacts that will be associated with the project activities.The purpose of an impact assessmen is to influence design and to ensure that mitigation measures are focussed on the more significant impacts.With the aim of providing the proper management plan, the impacts were predicted for the activities to be carried out in a phased approach and highlighted significant impacts which will be induced by the project in this chapter.

6.1 General Impact

It has been widely recognized that the inland water transportation mode is an environmentally friendly mode of transport compared to road and rail in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission. The environmental negative impacts associated with the Project are mostly related to dredging activities for maintenance of navigation routes. Navigational dredging can impact both the river bed through disturbance and removal of sediment and the water column through re-suspension of sedimentary material. Areas subject to regular maintenance dredging are likely to have disturbed or impoverished riverbed faunas, however, the impact would not be serious for previously un-dredged or occasionally dredged areas.

The impacts of dredging and its placement on the aquatic and terrestrial habitat can be minimized by adapting mitigation measures presented in this chapter. The other significant negative impacts of the Project upon the social environment will mostly result from the construction of river training structures. A summary of these impacts and mitigation measures are presented in this chapter. Environmental Code of Practice have been prepared and included in the Operational guideline for dredging works to be implemented by DWIR. It is annexed to this report to manage all identified activities related impacts of the Project. In addition, to support appropriate management of impacts and issues related to the navigation improvement in the stretch-1, DWIR is planning to provide various capacity building measures to the staffs throughout the project.

6.2 Environmental and Social Impact Identification

Potential environmental and social impacts were identified through site visiting and consulting with the communities. The identification and assessment of the impact on valued environmental component (VEC) by the project was conducted in a phased approach applied throughout all the different phases of the Project.

The VECs have a likelihood of being changes or impacted are:

Environment Air; Noise Emission; Water; Subsoil; Flora and Vegetation; Fauna & Habitats; Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; Social; Livelihood; Local Commuting

6.2.1 Establish Context

In the context of an extremely dynamic river, the microprojects impacts are considered temporary and reversible and are not anticipated to result in unprecedented, significance and permanent loss to natural and social environment. Moreover, mitigation measures are readily available and incorporated into the project design. Fishers and their families have adapted to living on the constantly shifting flood plains along the Ayeyarwady and are well-accustomed to frequent moves. The Project could temporarily impact the access to livelihood of a small number of individuals, mostly fishermen; however alternate sites that are regularly used by fishers are available during the period of dredging and therefore the microprojects are unlikely to have a major impact on the fisher‟s livelihoods.

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6.2.2 Methodology for Impact Assessment

The assessment was carried out for each microproject proposed in chapter 3 considering the magnitude, duration, spatial requirement of activities and sensitivity of receptor i(.e. habitats, species or communities) by professional experts. The assessment was qualitative and the significance of potential environmental and social impacts was then classified into 5 categories in overall on the basis of parameters such as: (a) duration of the residual impact; (b) spatial extent of the impact and (c) probability as showed in table 5.

The magnitude(M) of each impact has been determined into four tiered scale as below:

Table 5: Determination of Magnitude Matrix

Degree of Change

Score Criteria

Insignificant 1 No loss or alteration of characteristics and features, no observable impact and no mitigation required

Small 2 Very minor loss or alteration to key characteristics and features. Minor change from baseline conditions and mitigation through good industrial practices (ECoPs) required

Medium 3 Some measurable changes in quality or vulnerability, temporary loss of or alteration or restricted to key characteristics and features, conventional mitigation measures(ECoPs) for implementation with additional mitigation measures required

High 4 Partial loss of resource/significant damage to key characteristics andfeatures, visible impacts to the users threatening the overall integrity of the resource, Mitigation measures that included in the design and in the good practices (ECoPs) with additional mitigation measures required

The summary of potential impacts and its significance are described in table 6. A goal of the IEE process is to ensure the Project does not have any major residual impacts, certainly not ones that would endure into the long term or extend over a large area. It should be noted that the activities with unprecedented, significance and irreversibleimpacts will not be considered for microprojects of AIRBMP.

Table 6 : Impact Assessment Matrix

Assessment Scale

1 2 3 4

Magnitude (M) Insignificant small and will have no effect

on environment

Medium and will result in minor changes on environment

High and will result in significant changes

on environment

Duration (D) 0-3 months 4-10 months 11-24 months 24-36 months

Extent (E) Limited to the site Limited to the local area

Limited to the region

National

Probability (P) Improbable Probable Highly probable Definite

Then, the significant Point (SP) is calculated by following formula.

Significant Point (SP) = (Magnitude + Duration + Extent)* Probability

Once rating is determined by using the above formula for magnitude and likelihood, the following

matrix was used to determine the impact significance

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Significant Point (SP) Impact Significance

0-10 Very Low/Neglible

11- 22 Minor

23- 34 Moderate

35-48 Major

The impact significance was determined qualifying the degree of confidence expressing minor , moderate and/or major.Each degree can be defined as:

i. Very Low/ Negligible - An impact of negligible significance is defined as when a resource or receptor (including people) willnot be affected in any way by a particular activity, or thepredicted effect is deemed to be „negligible‟ or is indistinguishable from natural background variations.

ii. Low/Minor- An impact of minor significance is one where an effect will beexperienced, but the impact magnitude is sufficiently small(with and without mitigation) and well within acceptedstandards, and/or the receptor is of low sensitivity/value.

iii. Moderate-An impact of moderate significance is one within acceptedlimits and standards. The emphasis for moderate impacts is ondemonstrating that the impact has been reduced to a level with the particular management plan. This does notnecessarily mean that „moderate‟ impacts have to be reducedto „minor‟ impacts, but that moderate impacts are beingmanaged effectively and efficiently.

iv. Major- An impact of major significance is one where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors. Major alteration to key elements/features of watercourse such that post development nature and characteristics will be fundamentally changed.

In overall, the project activities would not cause impacts at levels above moderate. The reasons are the small-medium scale of maintenance dredging and constructions of river training structures at the sites of sparsely populated areas with low sensitive physical environment.

6.3 Environmental Impacts from Dredging Works and Dredged Material Placement

6.3.1 River Water Quality

Potential water quality impacts as a result of dredging and disposal were considered. Dredging and disposal are expected to create some degree of turbidity in excess of the natural condition. Based on the result of field surveys in December 2016, the turbidity in the stretch was range from 60 NTU to 150 NTU. However,according to the monitoring results of first microprojects, it was observed that the additional turbidity generated by dredging work including disposal activities can be increased approximately about 10-12 NTUwithin the areas of 200 m downstream from the dredgers and disposalsite over a very short period and subsequently blends quickly with the background.

Under the proposed action, little to no impacts to water resources is anticipated. Short-term impacts would involve increased, localized turbidity and decreased dissolved oxygen associated with dredging and disposal operations. Moreover, it is assumed that the sediment quality along the stretch-1 is clean at the time of writing this report PMU is conducting the sediment quality sampling at the strategic points along the stretch-1. The results will be described in each ESMP of respective microprojects later. However, no pollution sources that potentially contaminate to the riverwater quality are found along the stretch-1 yet.Therefore, impacts from sediment disturbance during these operations are expected to be temporary, minimal. Suspended particles will settle out within a short time frame, with no measurable effects on water quality. No measurable changes in temperature, salinity, pH, hardness, oxygen content or other chemical characteristics are expected. However, the project would monitor the changes of water quality in accordance with the ESMP.

6.3.2 Aquatic and benthic habitats

The Ayeyarwady River in this stretch is more than 200 km wide, and the habitat for fish is diversified. The impact on benthos considered minor and temporary as the channel does not feature any sites significant for fisheries such as deep pools, spawning areas, or significant vegetation.

i) Dredging Work

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DWIR needs to carry out the annual dredging to maintain the navigability of river routes and ferry crossing during the dry season. The dredging may cause several negative impacts on the aquatic habitat and fauna due to the generation of high sediment flows, disturbance of benthic habitat, noise and emissions from construction machinery, and accidental spillage of fuels.

The risk of impacts from dredging and material placement will vary depending on the type of dredging; the type of material to be dredged; the volumes and duration of dredging; and the local environment at the dredging and placement location. During the excavation of physical removal of the material on the bed of a water body, the changes to the concentration of suspended sediments is expected causing an increase in turbidity, Destruction of benthic environment could be occurred by changing the river morphology and mixing of soil layers from the equipment. However, those impacts on the benthic habitat are expected to be temporary and will recover quickly through recolonization after 1-2 years. It is not expected that the loss of benthos will cause an irreversible or notable impact on the ecosystem as there is no critical endangered species presence in the project area.However, DWIR will optimize the dredging requirement for each constraint area to reduce the dredging volume and area during the detail design phase with the assist of modeling tool and dredging management plan.

ii) Dredging Displacement

DWIR is commonly practicing the open water disposal of dredged sediment in many dredging cases and disposal for beneficial purposes at certain cases upon requests. However, DWIR will determine the most appropriate disposal method and location out of two possible alternatives since both options of disposal have the impacts on the domestic water usage of riverine community.

The potential impacts include high turbidity levels which may affect aquatic organisms that depend on light for their existence (photosynthesis) and fish. Spawning ground and food-benthos would be indirectly affected since high concentrations of suspended sediments could clog the gills and affect the growth and survival of eggs and larvae, diet and reproduction. It is expected that no damages or impacts from disposal on land method. DWIR will place on land for beneficial uses wherever there is a demand from local community and the distance to the bank from the dredging alignment is viable which shall not have significant impact to the aquatic ecosystem.

6.3.3 Sediment Composition

DWIR will use the open water placement method considering any location that have scouring impact by erosion in the river and need for filling up while minimizing land acquisition on the land. And the composition of the areas that utilize open water disposal is similar to the composition of the area dredged out and the dredging material consists mainly of sand with a small amount of silt, the project would not adversely affect sediment quality or change sediment bottoms.

6.3.4 Ambient Air Quality

The quality of the ambient air is presumed to be clean as there are no heavy industrial zone along the stretch-1 as the point sources. Although there are shipping traffic, the emission amount is negligible when compare to the scope of river area. Proposed activities will be carried out within three- four months at certain location of the Stretch-1 each year. Hence, it is unlikely that Project activities would increase the emission and impact on the ambient air quality.

6.3.5 Noise From Dredging Equipment and Associated Vessels

Noise from the dredging equipment and operation of boats and vessels are expected to increase during the operations period in the project vicinity. Noise levels will resume to prior conditions once the dredging and disposal operations are complete. No long-term increase in noise will occur in or around the project area. The impact would not exceed the standards outside the project boundary. DWIR will implement noise control in accordance with the environmental codes of practices (ECoPs) attached in Annex-5.Hazardous Waste Generation

Solid and liquid waste effluents will be generated from the dredgers and associated vessels. The solid waste will be mainly from the kitchen and liquid waste is mainly bilge water. The solid waste and bilge water should be collected and properly disposed. Liquid waste effluents will be generated from the dredgers and associated vessels during vessel maintenance. No known hazardous, toxic or radioactive waste concerns are existing within the scope of the project. Hazardous waste includes used oil and grease will be generated from the dredgers and associated vessels. Improper handling with the storage facilities for fuel and oil are the potential sources of river water pollution. Leakages and spills of those waste may occur due to accidents (e.g. collisions, groundings, fires),

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equipment failure (e.g. pipelines, hoses, flanges), or improper operating procedures during fueling. However, the impact will be mitigated having the standard procedures for hazardous material and waste handling and storage in the operation practice and monitored by the project management unit.

6.4 Social Economic Impacts from Dredging Works and Dredged Material Placement

The Ayeyarwady River along the stretch-1 is being heavily utilized for irrigation, fishing, transportation, household usage and drinking water at some places. It is expected that certain parts of the project dredging works in the river somewhat negatively affect on the local residents daily lifestyle particularly in water usage, river transportation and livelihoods.

6.4.1 Water Usage

According to the consultations at the village tracts existing along the river bank of stretch-1, it was learned that most of the villages are extensively utilizing the river water not only for irrigating to the farmlands and fishing but also for domestic usage such as washing, bathing, cooking and drinking during dry season. The increased of turbidity near the shoreline may disturb their daily usage. Although the impact is temporary and site specific, the project will monitor the impact and deal with the appropriate measures if there is any complaints from the local community.

6.4.2 Local Transport Access

During the dredging period, access of boats to the area between dredger vessel and disposal sites would be limited and will have some delays due to the project activities particularly where mechanical dredger use for dredging. Dump barges sailing from the dredging area to the dump site could intensify the traffic and may cause some delays to the cargo ships when mooring the channel if the channel is narrowed for eg. Port areas. In addition, it could also have the potential to temporally disrupt the access to local villagers‟ boats to cross the channel and go either to the farmlands or to the fishing grounds. The project will mitigate the impact through ESMP.

6.4.3 Livelihood

Most of the land use along the both sides of the Ayeyarwady River bank is intensively cultivated during the dry season. Therefore, there is no significant natural vegetation along the bank. It is anticipated, however, that the project would acquire small area on the bank if the disposal option is on land. It will be the temporary placement and no permanent damage is expected. The project will prioritize the disposal site excluding an agricultural area and deep pool area to minimize the impact on the nearby community (including farmers and fishermen) and the environment.

Dredging activities in the lower stretch (near Pakkoku and Nyaung Oo waterway) may likely to impact the hilsa particularly their minor spawning season between January and February which is economically important species for local fishermen. It could lead to have negative impacts on the income generation of local fishermen.

Hence selection of the location for disposal placement in the river will be carried out consulting with local fishing community to avoid the spawning areas for instance, selecting the deeper scour holes (more than 5m) located along the eroding river. Detail mitigation measures are described in ESMP

DWIR and AIRBMP will, additionally, undertake the ARAP process if there is any fishing spots, grounds and camps and temporary land acquisition of cultivated land at the project designated site and/(or) within the distance to where the project activities likely to cause negative impacts on the income of local community in accordance with the ECOPs included in the operational guideline.

6.4.4 On Board Occupational Health and Safety

Potential issues associated with OHS are physical hazards and noise. The main sources of physical hazards are associated with the handling and maintenance of machinery and vehicles without wearing appropriate PPE. Noise sources are from the engine of the vessel. On board occupation health and safety procedure of the Operation Guideline will be followed in order to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.

6.4.5 Land Use

It is anticipated that the project would acquire small area on the bank if the selected disposal option is on land at the bank. It will be the temporary placement and no permanent damage is expected. However, the project will prioritize the disposal site excluding an agricultural area and deep pool area to minimize the extent of land acquiring and the impact of it on the nearby community

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(including farmers and fishermen) and the environment. If land has to unavoidably taken for the Project, DWIR and AIRBMP will carry out the ARAP and release the cash compensation and any other assistance to the affected person in accordance with the eligibility matrix attached in Annex-5.

6.4.6 Landscape

At some villages near the dredging locations, there is a demand for the material for strengthening the bank from erosion, raising of the village roads and public facilities such as school and grounds. Disposing of large volumes of dredged spoil on land has the limits on a range of site selection and environmental issues.

The potential impacts from placement of material on the ground are minor damages on landscape due to dispersion of sediment material and release of sediment laden runoff. Material pumped to the shore has a high water content that has to be back into the river. Therefore substantial areas are required for draining out the water that may destroy vegetation along the bank.

Dredged materials are required for careful management so as to minimize the amount of material returned by spillage, erosion or other discharge to waters of the state during transportation activities. However, the magnitude of the impacts would be very site specific and shall have minimal negative impact with the mitigate measure.

6.4.7 Community Health and Safety

The potential community safety issues are risk of accidents with activities associated with the dredging when local boats are passing through the project vicinity. If dredging is to be carried out along the busy stretch particularly at the ports area where boat traffic are intense within very limited space, then there is the substantial risk of accidents. DWIR/AIRBMP would follow the safety code of the Operation guideline to prevent and reduce the incidents. Therefore, the probability of the impacts is considered to be low.

6.5 Environmental Impact from Construction Works

6.5.1 Flow pattern and sediment deposition changes

As described in the project description of Chapter-4, the DWIR aims to install temporary structure to reinforce the dredging effectiveness in maintaining the water depth and stabilize the morphology of navigation channel at each constraint point. Modification of hydraulic and hydrologic regime of river systems using the temporary structures cause the river bed transformation by disrupting the river dynamic equilibrium condition (erosion and sediment deposition process) between the water and sediment loads and, this induce subsequently the unexpected changes in biological composition of the river and riverside ( eg.abundance and type of benthos community and phytoplanton).Then the river needs sometimes for adjustment to reestablish a new state of dynamic equilibrium. From the ecological perspectives, according to the studies of Silva-Santos et al. (2004), the use of groynes in the fluvial river was environmentally positive as normally, groyne encourage the deposition of sediments including (in)organic materials which represent very suitable medium for (annual/perennial) vegetation development increase the heterogeneity of available habitats for the aquatic communities within the groyne field. However, this effect is depends on the appropriate regulative hydro technical structures at river courses. Furthermore, the deposited area may substantially contribute to biodiversity and represent permanent biotopes or periodical corridors for different animal species, whereas relatively shallow waters and presence of submersed vegetation ensure favorable conditions for fish spawning near groyne field.

In addition, theoretically, the introducing of the groyne at an angle to divert the flow directing into the shoal within the navigation channel away from the bank cause the flow velocity near the bank gets slower and sediment deposition is more favor to the bank, as a value added, with the hydrological flow pattern at the riverbank that reduce the natural erosion risk along the bank and prevent the farmland on the riverbank. On the contrary, the results of consultation with communities indicated that most of the villages locating on the riverbank are being severely suffered the natural erosion and losing their farmlands and settlements annually and some of DWIR‟s groyne structures increased such natural process in the past.

However, the information of the affects of groyne on the natural erosion is very limited and uncertain. DWIR and AIRBM will consider the design structures that would be appropriate for erosion prone area and closely monitor the impacts of the structures during the implementation phase.

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6.5.2 Water quality

Regards to the installation of river training structures, piling activities in the water could temporarily increase turbidity. However, the duration of the construction is short term taking approximately 2 -3 months and the impact would be very site specific. It is expected that turbidity would increase within close proximity of the site over a very short period. The re-suspension of contaminants from the bed level is not anticipated during the construction phase since the site is free from heavy pollution sources.

River water quality would be affected particularly in terms of bacterial contamination by the direct discharged of effluent from workshops and camps during the construction phase. However, the impact would be minimal since the number of workers to be lived in the construction camps are approximately 20-30 people and the adequate number of septic tanks and sanitation facilities with refuse being transported from site via the vessel will be incorporated in the camp designs.There is the potential that some construction material could be deposited on the project area. The impact is expected to be low and temporary and the construction material will be removed after construction. However, the impacts on the river water quality would be monitored by ESMP.

6.5.3 Aquatic Habitat

DWIR consider the type and material of river training structures on the basis of river morphology and flow characteristics. Under this project, groynes will be considered for the flow diversion. Groyne could be the type of wooden, rock filled wooden and sandbag filled wooden. Construction instream activities could disturb the spawning ground and grazing field for fish by generating noise and vibration and later changing the river morphology, mixing of soil layers. Due to the dynamics nature of the river which reflects the day-to-day weather conditions and seasonal changes in the channel,the impacts on ecosystem are considered low. The Project could have minor impacts on nearby pools – which can be productive for invertebrates‟ production and may be feeding grounds for other species – but these impacts are not expected to be irreversible or significant.

6.5.4 Noise from Construction Works

Noise will be generated from vehicles, machinery, piling activities, and other construction activities, however, will not exceed the applicable standards. Moreover, all the constructions will be mostly on the island and in the river which are far from the sensitive sites sensitive sites like schools, religious places and markets. No mitigation is proposed as the impact is very limited in the extent.

6.5.5 Solid Waste Generation

Daily solid waste will be mainly from the kitchen of dredging vessels and from the construction camps. Most of the waste will be bio-degradable. It is imperative that such waste is responsibly disposed of. DWIR will implement a waste management plan, including emergency response plan, in accordance with the environmental codes of practices (ECoPs) of Operational Guideline.

6.6 Social Economics Impact from Construction Works

6.6.1 Local Transport Accessibility

The construction of river training structures under the proposed microprojects have the substantive potential to temporarily disrupt the transport access route local community to their income sources particularly when the intervention is at the inlet of the passage channels of nearby community to divert the flow. DWIR will consider the design of the intervention having the consultation with local community to mitigate the impacts for specific microproject area during design phase.

In order to minimize the use of local road, DWIR will use the boat transport for mobilizing /demobilizing the construction material. The transportation of construction material could cause a temporary disruption of access to the channel but it is expected to be temporary and minor. Worker camps are likely to be located on the sand bar or on the bank nearby the designate site to minimize disruption of agricultural activities in the area adjacent to the project. No mitigation measure is needed.

6.6.2 Livelihood and Income sources

The proposed microprojects would have the potential to temporally disrupt the access to river and side channels for local fishermen. In addition, the construction activities will cause reducing in the fish availability near the site. The magnitude of the impact would be varied according to the design and location. If the designated location is close to the spawning ground and grazing field, the impact

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on the income of fishermen would be moderate. Based on the minor nature of the project in relation to impacts to fisheries resources, the overall impact is considered minimal. But, DWIR and AIRBMP consider the measures to mitigate the impacts on the local community in accordance with the ESMP.DWIR and AIRBMP will, additionally, undertake the consultation with community and affected person and ARAP (if necessary) if there is any fishing spots, grounds and camps and temporary land acquisition of cultivated landfor construction stockpiles at the project designated site and/(or) within the distance to where the project activities likely to cause negative impacts on the income of local community in accordance with the ECOPs included in the operational guideline.

6.6.3 Onsite Occupational Health and Safety

Potential issues associated with the construction activities are mainly about physical hazards. The main sources of physical hazards are associated with the handling and maintenance of machinery and vehicles without wearing appropriate PPE. Noise sources are from the engine of the vessel. On board occupation health and safety procedure of the Operation Guideline will be followed in order to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.

6.6.4 Land Use

Most of the land use along the both sides of Ayeyarwady River bank is intensively cultivated during the dry season. Therefore, there is no significant natural vegetation along the bank. It is anticipated, however, that the project would acquire small area on the bank for the construction of groyne footage on the bank. Again the structures sometimes would require occupying some area of fishing grounds as river fisheries existing widely at the Stretch-1 particularly ox bowing lakes and braided channels are noticeably important fishing zone to local income. Hence, both temporary economic displacement and physical displacement are expected during the implementation phase. As the mitigation measures such as compensation based on current market prices and standing crops for income loss from fishing and transfer grant for moving out and restoration of livelihood will be provided under ARAP implementation process in accordance with the matrix described in Annex-5.

Other resettlement benefits associated with structure, trees, business, wage, share cropping, crops, fish stock, etc. will also be paid. Vulnerable and female-headed households will receive special assistance. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared for all the sites following the guidelines given in the RPF attached in Annex-7.

6.6.5 Local Employment

DWIR is using the local contractor for purchasing the construction material and labor force at the construction site since long time ago. Therefore, It is expected that the construction activities create job opportunities for 50-70 local people at each microproject. The project would also encourage to procure the material from local sources and to employ the people from nearby community as feasible as possible.

6.6.6 Cultural Resources

Although ancient cities of Myanmar Kingdom and significant historical sites exist along the Stretch-1 as discussed in the Chapter-5, it is unlikely that there would be a direct and significant impact on the PCRs induced by the Project as those are not locating either in the immediate boundary or within the sites according to the information from Archeological department. The project impact is likely to be very low on PCRs. However, DWIR will identify the presence of any significance features of cultural resources that likely to be disturbed by the project in the area and consult with the local community and elders group of community on matters concerning the management of the site. These including sites recognized by local communities for their archaeological, historical, architectural, religious,aesthetic, or other cultural significance. DWIR will also implement the procedure in case of finding some valuable items or other historical substance and implementation of works monitoring which will prevent the occurrence of negative impacts.

6.6.7 Community Health and Safety

The potential community‟s safety issues related to construction of river training facilities include local scouring impacts from the turbulence flow induced by gryone construction. As the scouring effect is localized so that impact is expected to be insignificant. .Although people living along stretch 1, annually, had experienced seasonal erosion during high flood season .DWIR/AIRBMP will consider appropriate structural design (i.e., length, height, type of material) to minimize local scouring effects

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induced by gryone construction using the modeling tools to predict the possibility of erosion by the structures.

One of the risk sources for accidents in navigation is lack of information and proper guidance to local mariners. At present, there is no proper channel and signal being installed along the stretch-1. Therefore, A series of measures is planned to take up under Component 3 of the Project, which include (i) the development of regular updated navigation chart and (ii), provision of modernized aids to navigations to guide the mariners to minimize the risk

6.7 Cumulative Impact Assessment

With the credit from World Bank, DWIR is implementing river training works to improve the navigation between Mandalay and Nyaung Oo. The proposed series of microprojects are one of the solutions based on the dynamic river management concept to achieve the LAD 1.6 m. Therefore, the project considers the combined effects of proposed actions along the stretch-1 under this generic IEE study. Cumulative impact is defined as the impacts on the natural and social environment that result from the incremental impacts of the actions.

In the context of the Project, the spatial boundary of the assessment is on full lengths (200km). The valued environmental components that have a likelihood to be affected by the proposed actions are identified as changes in sediment deposition pattern, aquatic biodiversity, local river related livelihood and Inland Water Transport sector.

With the fact of the small scale with temporary nature of each microproject compared to the whole length of stretch, the combined negative effect of project activities on the said valued environmental components are likely to be minimal. Furthermore,from an analysis of the currently available data of the area, there is no evidence of other pollution sources (eg. industrial activity) which may have a potential of cumulative stress with the projects‟ upon the river and its biodiversity. A more detailed investigation will be conducted in the study for Subprojects to be implemented almost within the same timeframe under AIRBMP through onsite surveys and interviews with public and local stakeholders.

However, It is clearly visible that the project will have influence on the economy growth of the region in very near future due to the improvement in channel stability for safe access that increase in cargo load of ships in the Stretch-1.

iThe sensitivity of a receptor has been defined for the Project taking into account such matters as its

local, regional, national or international designation, its importance to the local or wider community, its ecosystem function or its economic value. The assessment of the sensitivity of human receptors, for example a household, community or wider social group, has taken into account their likely response to the change and their ability to adapt to and manage the effects of the impact.

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6.8 Summary of Potential Impacts and Significance

A summary of these impacts and their significance are anticipated from each of microprojects as shown in the below table 6.

Table 7: Summary and Impact and Significance

VEC Activities M D E P SP Significance

Dredging Works

Aquatic and Benthic community

Impacts of Dredging and disposing of spoil activities on the benthos community and food for aqua fauna

2 3 1 4 24 Moderate

Hydrology Impacts of Dredging activities on flow pattern 2 2 2 3 12 Minor

Sedimentation Pattern

Impact of dredging and disposal activities 2 2 2 4 12 Minor

River water quality

Impact of dredging activities 4 1 1 4 24 Moderate

Impacts of Disposing dredging material in the river water

2 1 1 4 16 Minor

Soil Quality Impacts of Disposing dredging material on land 2 2 1 3 15 Minor

Ambient Air Quality

Emissions from dredging equipment and associated vessels

1 1 1 2 6 Negligible

Soil Stability Erosion due to the impact of removing a modest volume of sandbars in the alignment of navigation channel

3 3 3 2 18 Minor

Noise Noise from the dredging equipment 2 1 1 2 8 Negligible

Soil and Water Quality

Generation of hazardous waste (oil and grease waste) and disposal of such wastes

3 3 2 2 16 Minor

Occupational Health and Safety

Risk of physical hazard during maintenance of equipments and tools

4 2 1 3 21 Moderate

Livelihood and Income generation

Temporary loss of the fishing spots and loss of income from fisheries for Local fishermen due to the dredging and disposal activities

4 2 1 3 21 Moderate

Local River Usage

Disruption of local boat routes by the dredging and disposal activities

3 1 1 3 15 Minor

Temporary disturbance of local water usage for drinking, washing, bathing and irrigation to farmland

3 1 1 3 15 Minor

Community Health and Safety

Risk of boat accident 4 2 2 2 16 Minor

Construction Works

Aquatic and Benthic community

Impact of instream construction activities 3 3 1 3 21 Moderate

Sedimentation Pattern

Impact of in stream construction activities 4 4 2 4 40 Major

Hydrology Impact of temporary structure on flow pattern 3 3 2 4 32 Moderate

River water quality

Impact of instream construction activities 2 1 1 4 16 Minor

Noise and Vibration

Impact of piling activities on surrounding 1 1 1 3 9 Negligible

Soil Quality Impact of on land construction activities 1 1 1 3 9 Negligible

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VEC Activities M D E P SP Significance

Generation of Solid wastes and hazardous wastes

2 2 2 2 12 Minor

Soil Stability Erosion from cleaning of vegetation on the bank for construction

3 1 2 3 21 Minor


Risk of physical hazard during the construction 4 2 1 3 21 Minor

Local River Usage

Temporary loss of local boat access to the bank and farmlands by the construction activities

3 1 3 4 28 Moderate

Loss of local boat access to the bank by the installation of structures

2 4 1 3 21 Moderate

Temporary disturbance to local water usage for drinking, bathing, washing and irrigation

3 1 1 3 15 Minor

Livelihood and Income generation

Temporary loss of the fishing grounds and loss of income from fisheries for local fishermen

3 2 2 4 28 Moderate

Temporary loss of farmland and crops by construction stockpiles

4 1 1 4 24 Moderate


Risk of boat accidents when passing through the structure, increase of communicable disease by labor influx

3 1 2 3 18 Moderate

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7 Project Disclosure and Stakeholder Consultation

This Chapter provides an overview of public consultation and disclosure activities to be undertaken for this generic IEE for proposed microprojects and its associated activities in Stretch-1.The plan and consultation process were designed to meet the Myanmar legal requirements for public consultation and disclosure. This section seeks to provide a brief summary of key outcomes relevant to this IEE.

7.1 Approach to Consultations

The consultation effort for the proposed activities aims to achieve a consistent, comprehensive, coordinated and culturally appropriate approach to sustainable project. Principles employed for consultation included:

Stakeholder identification and analysis

Consultation and participation

Information disclosure

DWIR and PMU well-understand the role of public participation in the IEE study for proposed activities, hence, DWIR plans to carry out the consultations with the stakeholders on the basic of two tiered approach; i) during the preparation of generic IEE aiming to provide the project information to stakeholders and to hear the perception of local people ii) during the preparation of site specific ESMP , aiming to inform the project action plan and consult for the potential impacts and mitigation measures and identify the affected receptors.

Figure 28: Stakeholder consultation strategy of the Project

7.2 Initial Stage Stakeholder Consultation

The initial consultations were carried out by selecting the five village tracts between July and August of 2017 to share the project plan with the possible intervention options, to scope potential project locations for navigation constraints along the stretch-1 and to obtain the information on the use of the Ayeyarwady River and to address communities concerns and key issues related to navigation constraints along the stretch 1.

This series of consultations was the first official engagement activities for the series of Microproject by DWIR and AIRBMP which was carried out together with the village tracts level consultations for ESA (Environmental and Social Assessment) of stretch 1 for the future navigation enhancement projects under AIRBMP". Total 450 participants from 20 villages of five village tracts attended and contributed their suggestions actively on the Project.

7.3 Key Selection Criteria for Consultation Location

The key criterion for selecting the village tracts is: 1) spatial distribution along the stretch-1, and 2) proximity to riverbank (within 500m) 3) proximity to the proposed navigation constraints ( within 1-2 km) and the other criteria are related to the degree of relying on the river for the livelihoods and

To

achieve

strategic

objective

of the

Project

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changes in river environment. Details of information consulted are attached in annex -2. The participants include (i) communities and population living nearby the proposed constraint areas, (ii) farmers, fishing community, passengers using boat transports, day labor, women (iii) village tract level government officials of relevant departments. The attendance list and presentations are attached in Annex-7.

Table 8: List of village tract name and number of attendees to the Project consultation

No Name of Village Tract

Township Region Date of Consultation held

No of Participants

1 Let Saung Yu Tada U Mandalay 26th July 2017 150

2 Let Ka Pin Village

Myin Mu Sagaing 28th July 2017 103

3 Si MeeKhone MyinGyan Mandalay 30th July 2017 92

4 Kokkohla Pakkoku Magway 1st August 2017 54

5 Myinkabar Nyaung Oo Mandalay 2ndAugust 2017 51

7.3.1 Let Saung Yu Village (Let Saung Yu Village Tract, Tadau Township)

With regards to potential microprojects to be carried for bottleneck of the MeeTwayTite~ LatSaungYuu Waterway and PaukMyaung ~ MyitThar Waterway, village tract level consultation was carried out at community hall of Let SaungYuu (Let SaungYuu village tract) of Tadau Township. The attendees to the consultation were from LatSaungYuu, MyayNgu, PaukMyaing, Pone Nar Chan and U Yin villages which are under the administration of LatSaungYuu Village tract , MyayNgu and PaukMyaing village tract.

Figure 29: Photos taken at Consultation in Let Saung Yu Village

7.3.2 Let Ka Pin Village (KyweYeik Village Tract, Myin Mu Township)

As the representative of Myinmutownship, Let Ka Pin Village was selected for village tract level consultation which is under the administration of KyweYeik village tract. The village is heavily rely on the river for drinking, washing, bathing and local boat transport as it is existing on the western bank of river and being flooded during the wet season. In addition, the village has been suffering severe bank erosion due to the sand bar at the upstream of the village. The village is fall into the waterway constraint named „Htan Sin Hla~Paledan Waterway and ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Water way”.

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Figure 30: Village Level Consultation at Let Ka Pin Village

7.3.3 Si MeeKhone (Si MeeKhone Village Tract, MyinGyan Township)

For the Project at PaukMyaing~MyitThar waterway and ShwePauk pin ~ NganMyarGyi Water way, by foreseeing the potential increase of waterway usage for the goods transportation at the Si MeeKhone Port financed by IFC to Myotha industrial zone, the team conducted the consultation with local people at Su MeeKhone Village tract under the administration of MyinGyan Township. The area is gradually developing and getting commercially important for IWT. The constraints of the area are being taken care by regional DWIR office applying the temporary short term measures in the recent years.

Figure 31: Photos of Consultation at Si MeeKhone Village

7.3.4 Kokkohla Village, (Kokkohla Village Tract, Pakokku Township)

Kokohla village was selected for the Pakouku Township whereas drastic erosion of land has being suffered due to the scouring effect and sandbar appearing at the eastern bank ( Nyaung Oo side) by the Ayeyarwady Bridge (Pakokku) since 2012 soon after the bridge construction. With regards to potential microprojects along the Aung Pan Chaung ~ Sin Min Waterway and Pakokku waterway, village tract level consultation was carried out at community hall of Kokkohla village. Local villagers from Ywathit village, Thinbawgone and Sabelgone villages under the administrations of Kokkohla village tract and KyunNyoGyi village, Kyun U village under the administrations of KyunNyoGyi village tract were attended the consultation.

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Figure 32: Photos taken at Consultation in Kokkohla Village

7.3.5 MyinKa Bar Village (MyinKa Bar Village Tract, Nyaung Oo Township)

With regards to potential microprojects along the Nyaung Oo waterway, village tract level consultation was carried out at ordination hall of Manuhar Temple in MyinKa Bar village tract. The village is well known for its location in the high cultural valued „Ancient Bagan City‟ at which old Nyaung Oo Port is existing. The port has been using since the First Myanmar Kingdom to till now. Livelihoods of local villagers mostly rely on the tourism by running lacquer ware workshops for their incomes. The Nyaung Oo port is crucial for tourism cruising business between Mandalay and Nyaung Oo as the tourism sector becomes enlarge in the recent years.

Figure 33: Photos taken at Consultation in atMyinkabar Village

7.3.6 Summary of Key Concerns of the Consultations

Key concerns and suggestions given at the five consultations can be mainly categorized into three themes;1) Information of Project Financing 2) Key issues and opportunities experiencing by local community in terms of riverine livelihood 3) Proposed project design. In this stage, DWIR and AIRBM collected the opinion of local people for proper structures for the navigation constraints at or nearby their villages rather than presenting the information of selected structures to the community which will be carried out at the second consultation stage. The Deputy Project Director and Component Director of AIRBMP accompanying by the respected regional DWIR officers shared the strategic objectives and activities of the AIRBM project and the potential Microproject to be taken in the area.

It was noted that most of the feedbacks and inputs are based on the localized experiences of the residents along the river. It was observed that local people are experiencing the severe bank erosion that results frequent relocation of their dwellings and loss of farmland and grazing land for their animals. Due to the geological features changes at the both side of the river, erosion is observed more severe at the left bank of river between Sagaing and Myingyan section and the confluence of Chindwin river and Ayeyarwady river, it change to the right bank of river. In addition, it was learned that the bank erosion is causing not only by river flow direction changes but also by

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ship-generated waves of large cruises passing near the bank with the high speed. DWIR was requested to take some control actions on those vessels with high speed passing through the waterway nearby the bank.

In the recent years, rive morphology of the Stretch-1 has been drastically changing and the main navigation routes become unstable and flip to the other side. Frequent flash flooding events increase the formation more huge sandbars and shallower depth and it change the flow pattern of river. People suggested to DWIR to manage those sandbars by dredging in order to maintain the flow pattern and depth for navigation so that vessels can able to use the main fairway. Shifting the Navigation routes is more prominent near Mandalay and Nyaung Oo section of Ayeyarwady River. Therefore, main navigation route is desired to be reoccupied along Nyaung Oo bank side so that bank erosion induced by river planform changes can be relieved.

As a result of the stakeholder consultations, it was learned that there are no endangered/threaten species and local people has fully awareness and understanding about the project activities since the proposed project activities has being carried out as the annual routine activities by DWIR for several years in the region.

7.4 Project level Consultation

DWIR will commence the second stage consultations once the design for each microproject is confirmed to be carried out from 2017 to 2022 under AIRBMP by presenting the project objectives, location, tentative design options and implementation schedules with the study area for ESMP and potential impacts with mitigation measures and for receiving the feedbacks on the design and mitigation measures. The tentative stakeholders would be communities within the project direct influence area, local governmental departments and Member of Parliament, local NGOs and social organizations, owners of businesswithin the project area and other interested parties.

7.5 Information Disclosure

Draft version of Stretch-1 IEE report will be publicly disclosed in AIRBM project website and DWIR facebook page during November 2017 for two weeks and the specific ESMP with ARAP will also be disclosed for every microproject once preparation of report is complete before the site specific consultation with stakeholders and local community. In addition, hard copies of the stretch-1 will be made available at the relevant Regional DWIR offices (i.e. Mandalay Office, Sagaing Office and Nyaung Oo Office) within the stretch so that the interested local person can access the report.

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8 General Environmental and Social Management Plan

This Chapter of the IEE details a project-specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed activities in each microproject. It aims to provide an environmental and social management framework by outlining the compliance requirements, mitigation measures and monitoring program to be undertaken throughout the activities.

8.1 General Scope of the ESMP

This ESMP document is the means by which the findings of the environmental and social assessment are implemented during the execution of the activities. The scope of the ESMP covers all of the activities as described in Chapter 4 of this IEE, with the objective of demonstrating compliance with the relevant national legislation and World Bank Safeguard Policy.

The ESMP identifies the principles, procedures and methods that will be used to control and minimize the environmental and social impacts of the construction and operation activities associated with the microprojects.

The categories of mitigation measures and plans are described in detail as follow: i) generic and non site specific measures during the implementation of dredging activities; ii) general and non site specific measures during the implementation of temporary river training structures. In addition, Monitoring Plan, Resettlement Action Framework adapted for a Myanmar context, Grievance Redness Mechanism and Cost estimate for ESMP have been incorporated. DWIR is the sole responsible agency for the implications of the ESMP and ensuring compliance with ESMP by the local contractors.

8.2 Objectives of Environmental and Social Management Plan

Mitigation strategies have been considered according to a series of responses that address impacts (in descending order of preference) to avoid, prevent or reduce any potential impact on the identified sensitive receptors.

The objective of this ESMP is to:

demonstrate continuing compliance with the relevant Myanmar environmental legislation, Safeguard Policy and Management System and good international industry practices;

describe the mechanism for implementing identified control, monitoring and management measures to mitigate potentially adverse impacts;

provide a framework for mitigating impacts that may be unforeseen or unidentified while the implementation is undergoing;

provide assurance to regulators and stakeholders that their requirements with respect to environmental and social performance will be met;

undertake monitoring to provide assurance that the control and management measures are being implemented; and

combine all of the above in a systematic framework of monitoring, reporting and management that will measure the successful implementation of the project

8.3 Implementation Organizational Arrangements

i. Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems

DWIR will be the implementing agency for this series of microprojects and AIRBMP-PMU would be the overall responsible for all aspects of project implementation including technical,operational and financial management and quality assurance as well as the compliance of ESMP. The dredge master and site supervisor/manager of DWIR are the main responsible person for the implementation of mitigation measures, regular E&S monitoring at the project site and communication with local communities whenever it necessary. The dredge master and site supervisor/manager of DWIR will be obliged to perform on the following activities:1) conducting construction works according to the specified ESMP;2) ensuring the availability of proper PPE, waste management plan, construction management plan 3) preparing monthly reports covering technical, environmental and social aspects on the works performed; 4) continuous monitoring of the implementation of the mitigation measures specified in the ESMP; 5) identifying problems resulting from a harmful environmental impact of the implementation of construction works on

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environment and reporting to the Project Management ;7) Engaging with the local community for GRM.Together with Environmental and Social Specialists of PMU, they will ensure the environmental awareness of project personnel is maintained through appropriate training.

In addition, DWIR is responsible for the entire coordination between its own relevant departments and PMU for the project implementation including administration supportsand ESMP implementation.

ii. Project Management Unit (PMU),AIRBM

The AIRBM-PMU will supervise the implementation of the dredging and the interventions according to this Environmental and Social Management Plan. Specifically, as part of ESMP implementation, PMU-Safeguard Unit will fulfill the following activities: 1) preparation of site specific ESMP together with DWIR; 2) supervising the proper application of formal procedures during the implementation of ESMPs andthe conformity of its implementation with the design; 3) financial management and bookkeeping; 4) engaging with local community throughout all phases of project; 5) provide the proper remediation or corrective action for any unexpected significance impacts of the project 6) preparing required reports for the needs of ESMP implementation, monitoring and coordinating all parties engaged in ESMP implementation; 6) ongoing cooperation with the World Bank, including preparing reports for Project implementation (i.e. progress reports, completion reports)

Management System framework was developed for the proposed activity. The management system consists of mandatory policies, standards, processes, guidelines, procedures, work instructions and manuals covering key operations. The management system is the means by which environmental and social (amongst other) performance requirements are established and achieved through the ESMP. Institutional setting for the ESMP is structured as below:

Figure 34: Overall ESMP Framework and Institutional Arrangement

8.4 Generic Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

The measures, in general, to mitigate and enhance the potential significant impacts from the microprojects assessed in Chapter-6 are developed based on the worst-case scenario. However, the severity and significance of the risks would be different depending on the socio-economic

By the PMU Safeguards

team and C-3 team

By the Site Supervisor

Dredge Master with the advice from PMU safeguards

team

By the Site

Supervisor

Dredge

Master team

By the Project Engineer, Dredge

Master with the advice from PMU safeguards

team

By the Project Engineer and the Dredge

Master

Implementation of

Mitigationmeasures

andPublic Health

and Safety

Management

mmunityRelations )

ESMP preparation

and Stakeholder

consultation and

produce E&S

Mitigation

Measures

Occupational

Hazard Prevention

and Control

Interaction with

Ongoing Shipping,

Complaints

Handling

Waste Management

Environmental and

Social Management Plan

(EMP)

Training and

Awareness building

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conditions and geographical conditions of the particular constraint. Given the small size of the works under microprojects, no cumulative adverse impacts outside of the immediate vicinities of the sites are likely to occur. A Code of Practice has been prepared covering occupational and community health and safety, as well as waste management to manage all related impacts of the Project.

From early on in the design phase DWIR will consider the design with the least impacts on the natural and social environment. In addition, the comments and suggestions received at the consultations with local community on the DWIR‟s previous works as well as the river nature at the constraint areas have been incorporated in this ESMP.This ESMP will be fed as the overall general management plan into every microproject along with ECoPs for all the impacts covered in here. If there is any particular and unique issue discovered, that does not covered in this general ESMP, during the baseline survey, DWIR will consider the additional specific measures. A summary of these impacts and mitigation measures and onsite monitoring are presented in table 8. The site specific ESMP will be prepared complying with the procedure attached in annex-6 and will be submitted to both regulatory agencies as a part of the project proposal.

The dredge master will be responsible for operations and ensuring compliance with the ESMP in table 8. The safeguard unit will provide continuous supervision of effective environmental management of the project by the DWIR engineers and all construction site personnel. There will be written guidelines on standard practices for specific aspects of eachmicroproject‟s environmental and social performance. They contain the necessary details needed to be site- or activity-specific and are required to be followed in all construction works. At present, PMU is developing the written guidelines covering technological and environmental and social safeguard perspectives.

8.4.1 Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP)

According to the WB OP 4.12, all projects that entail land acquisition or/and resettlement require a RAP. However, an abbreviated RAP is applicable if the potential displaced population is fewer than 200 people and/ or even when more than 200 people are affected, but all land acquisition is minor (10 percent or less of all holdings is taken) and no physical relocation is involved. The Project does not include any physical displacement; therefore, DWIR will prepare ARAP processes in line with the guidance of the project‟s ESMF following World Bank safeguard policies and relevant national legislations for resettlement.

In consideration of past and current prevalent situations along the Project area and its surrounding, the ARAP includes:

1) Conducting census surveys to identify the PAP and their eligibility

2) Conducting socioeconomic surveys to determine the livelihood provision impact and valuate the affected assets

3) Preparing compensation estimates and other alternative resettlement assistance to be provided and developing the compensation matrix

4) Consulting with affected PAPs about acceptable alternatives

5) Institutionalizing and implementation the procedures for grievance redress

6) Arranging monitoring and implementation (including setting the timeline, GRM and budget)

Affected items by the Project eligible for ARAP are 1) temporary land loss; 2) damages to crops, vegetation, trees and other assets and community road and infrastructures, and commercially important fishing grounds; 3) small business or production and/or suffered income losses as a result of the Project. The DWIR implementation team has the main responsibility for ARAP implementation working with relevant government departments such as the department of fisheries, department of agricultural, irrigation and water utilization management department, settlement and land record department and general administrative department and so on. The eligibility matrix for ARAP is attached in Annex-5 and the template for the census survey and compensation certificate are attached in Annex-7.

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Table 9: Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan for potential significant environmental and social impacts

No.

Source Potential Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Time Frame Implementing By

Monitoring By

DREDGING WORK

1 Dredging in the river

Temporary increase of turbidity interfere local river water usage

DWIR will minimize the dredging requirements within 100m from the river banks, however, if it is unavoidable, DWIR will inform/notify the dredging period and location to the nearby river bank community before the implementation

At least 1 week Before the implementation phase

DWIR Implementation Team

PMU-Safeguard Team

Temporary loss of aquatic Habitat, reduce in income from fishing ground

DWIR will avoid economically important habitat ( eg. Hotspots for fish grazing and spawning), if it is unavoidable, PAP targeted consultation will be undertaken for the compensation of damages


DWIR design Team, PMU- C3 and Safeguard Team

PMU-Safeguard Team

Physiochemical Properties of river water

Parameters such as turbidity, DO, temperature, pH, alkalinity, TSS tests will be carried out and the level of impact on river water recorded

Bi-weekly during implementation phase and post implementation phase.


PMU-Safeguard Team

Disrupt transport accessibility of cargo shipping along the project area

DWIR will install visible clear warning sign and buoys along the dredging alignment

Throughout the implementation phase


PMU-Safeguard Team

Notify/inform to local cruising association ,local community and Department of Marine Aviation as a precaution measure before implementation



PMU-Safeguard Team

2 Disposal of dredged material on land

Public nuisance, land pollution

DWIR will install the temporary containment bunds using sand bag for filling to minimize the dispersion of dredged material and reduce



PMU- C3 team

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No.


Monitoring By

the public nuisance.

Physiochemical Properties of river water

Drainage water will be monitored on the parameter such as turbidity, DO, temperature, pH, Salinity, TSS) at the pipeline outlet to ensure water quality is within permissible thresholds.

Bi-weekly during implementation phase


PMU-Safeguard Team

Temporary loss of accessing the bank area and the area between the bank and the dredging unit

DWIR will identify the places and/or points on the river most frequently used for crossing by local people and seek suitable locations for temporary crossings and provide new ferry berthing locations for crossing the river if necessary


DWIR design team, PMU-C3 and Safeguard Team

PMU- Safeguard Team

3 Risk to community safety when local boats are passing through the site

DWIR will select the vacant land on the bank, if it is feasible, for temporary filling up of the areas. If there is agriculture land, ARAP for temporary land acquisition will be carried out.

At least 1 week before implementation phase

PMU-C3 and Safeguard Team

PMU- Safeguard Team

Notify/inform to local cruising association ,local community and Department of Marine Aviation as a precaution measure before implementation


PMU- Safeguard Team

DWIR will install visible clear warning sign and buoys along the dredging alignment



PMU- Safeguard Team

4 Disposal of dredged material in the river

Physiochemical Properties of river water, local boat access, Income generation from fishing

If CSD is applied, submerging the pipeline to reduce vertical re-suspension will minimize the impact of sediment dispersion and the lateral spread of dredged material into the main fairway.

If BD is applied, the disposal site will be



PMU- Safeguard Team

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No.


Monitoring By

selected prioritizing areas with 5m depth and above or erosion-prone areas along the bank.

local water usage The level of changes in river water quality will be tested not to affect the local water usage of nearby community through implementation and post implementation period.

Bi-weekly during implementation phase

DWIR Implementation Team, PMU-C3

PMU- Safeguard Team

5 Waste generation Water Pollution, Land Contamination

DWIR will dispose all the hazardous waste and solid waste using separate containment on land in accordance with ECOPs

Throughout the implementation phase and demobilization phase


PMU- Safeguard Team

6 Operation and Maintenance of dredger and associated equipment

Occupational injuries and accidents

Proper PPE will be provided to the workers. DWIR will establish the on board record of accident. Standard COP will be applied

Throughout the implementation phase and demobilization phase

DWIR implementation team, PMU-C3

PMU- Safeguard Team

RIVER TRAINING WORK

1 on land construction activities

Soil erosion and slope instability

DWIR will assess the erosion risk of the intervention with the assist of modeling tool and will establish specific construction site management plan for stock piling, worker camps at each specific location developing pro-active measures identifying erosion prone areas before the construction phase

Before and throughout the implementation phase

DWIR implementation team, PMU-C3

PMU- Safeguard Team

DWIR will vegetate the bank slope both upstream and downstream of the intervention as a proactive measure to protect the banks from erosion

Implementation phase

DWIR implementation team,

PMU-C3

Temporary loss of land and access to

DWIR will avoid farmland as much as possible. If it is unavoidable, ARAP for

Before the implementation

DWIR Implementation

PMU-C3, Safeguard

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No.


Monitoring By

the bank by construction material stock

temporary land acquisition and/or crop damages will be practiced having the PAP targeted consultations.

phase team, PMU-C3, Safeguard Team

Team

Onsite occupational safety

DWIR will prohibit the unnecessary clearing of vegetation and movement of heavy trucks to designated access routes and operational areas.

DWIR will enforce Onsite Occupational Safety measures and practices on the local subcontractor and labor forces and provide awareness training.


DWIR Implementation team

PMU- Safeguard Team

2 In stream construction activities

Increase siltation and sedimentation of rivers deteriorate the river water quality

DWIR will establish the construction management plan and conduct the earthworks following the plan to minimize the impacts, if necessary, sediment trap will be installed.



PMU-C3

Increased traffic load on the village road and possible damages to the road, Road traffic risk

DWIR will mobilize the construction material using boats rather than heavy trucks.

If the project requires the use of the local road, DWIR will ensure the safety of other road users by avoiding the use of the road during rush hour and control the speed. DWIR will ensure the road condition was the same as before the construction phase.



PMU- Safeguard Team

Community safety in accessing the area

DWIR will install visible and clear warning signs and boards prohibiting access to the site and notify/inform local cruising associations and local communities before implementation through GAD



PMU- Safeguard Team

Disturbing fish and aqua fauna „s

Proper construction management plan will be established to shorten the duration of in

Throughout the implementation

DWIR Implementation

PMU-C3

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No.


Monitoring By

respiratory function stream construction activities.

phase team

Temporary loss of income from fishing ground

If the proposed temporary intervention is most likely to cause direct impact on fishing ground and main fish grazing hotspot, ARAP will be carried out by having the consultation with PAP and DWIR will provide other assistance to mobilize the affected households.

At least 1 week before the construction

DWIR Implementation team ,Safeguard Team

PMU- Safeguard Team

Impacts associated with population influx

To provide healthcare services to the workers and local communities,

To provide HIV/AIDS awareness programs wherever it necessary



PMU- Safeguard Team

No.

Source Potential Impacts Proposed Enhancement Measures Implementing By

Monitoring By

3 Construction of associated facilities

Employment opportunity for local people

To hire the local people for construction workforce with involvement of local community leaders, To give priority for job opportunities to members of project-affected households



PMU-C3

Economic benefits for local business

To stimulate the emergence of small business, local enterprises, and trading in the project area by using the inland water transportation

To encourage procurement of construction materials from local suppliers



PMU-C3

Improvement of local roads and transportation

To collaborate with local authorities and officials concerned to sustain social-economic benefits of improved roads and transportation infrastructures associated with the project by



PMU-C3

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No.


Monitoring By

infrastructure upgrading them

Improved services and community development potential

To hold continuous consultations with local communities to find out their immediate needs and design the works to meet the project‟s objectives as well as and the communities‟ requirement (e.g. construct the groynes with bank protection walls for the villages.



PMU- Safeguard Team

4 Improved navigation in the river by the project activities

Increase of number of boats and cargo, increase of trading activities

To provide modernized aids to navigation along the river

To provide awareness programs to local people on how to adopt to the changes

DWIR Implementation team, PMU-C3

PMU-C3

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8.4.2 Monitoring Supervision Plan

The general ESMP defines the monitoring requirements for all the environmental components

affected by the Project, and provides details for their direct and effective implementation on-site

during the different phases. The supervision aims to ensure valued environmental components are

fully protected from the risks induced by the Project and to make comparisons between different

periods (for instance, before implementation and during implementation) and to detect changes

against the standards for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented mitigation measures.

The implementation of the general ESMP will be supervised in order to track the progress in

implementing the agreed mitigation measures by the PMU safeguard team. The supervision is

scheduled to be carried out in three phases - before the operation, during the operation and after

the operation activities of the project. The supervision of the monitoring program will be conducted

covering the following issues.

Table 10: Environmental and Social Monitoring Parameters

No Items Parameters

1 River Water quality

pH, DO, TSS, temperature, flow rate, electrical conductivity and TDS, turbidity and alkalinity

3 Waste Solid waste disposal system including domestic waste and construction waste

4 Occupational health and safety

PPE, fire evacuation, emergency plan, personnel hygiene standards, health care service and facilities

5 Socio-economic situation Change of incomes, job availability, transportation cost and time for the local communities due to the presence of the project and risk of accidents

When the supervision of ESMP implementation observes any deviation from the ESMP, the safeguard team and C-3 team with the DWIR Dredge Master/ Construction Site Supervisor will assess the root cause immediately and provide proper corrective measures and report to the AIRBM Project Director. If there were significant environmental or social impacts/incidents or risks not outlined in this IEE or specific ESMP found during the supervision mission, PMU will revise and modify the ESMP with the advice from the World Bank and submit the updated ESMP to the World Bank and MONREC.

8.4.3 Reporting

1) Incident Report

Any incidents, including non-conformity to the procedures of the ESMP, are to be recorded using an Incident Record and the details entered into a register. For any incident that causes or has the potential to cause material or serious environmental harm, the Dredge Master/ Site Supervisor shall notify DWIR immediately. The Dredge Master must cease work until remediation has been completed as per the approval of DWIR.

Incident reports will be documented and transmitted in written form to the relevant component director of AIRBM or responsible superior of DWIR by email and fax.

2) Monitoring Report

The Dredge Master and/or construction site supervisor has the responsibility to document the every activity of ESMP and generate the monthly ESMP implementation report along with the implementation progress report. The reports will be submitted to the Project Director of AIRBMP through their department head of DWIR. The PMU supervision team will be responsible for monitoring the ESMP implementation of the team and produce the compliance reports at the beginning of the works, mid-term and at the end of the activities using the template attached in Annex-7and submit to the Project Director and PMU-C3 director. The safeguard unit of PMU will prepare and submit the Project environmental and social monitoring compliance report summarizing the overall environmental impacts from the projects as shown in Annex-7. Then, it will be submitted to both the task team of the World Bank and the ECD department of MONREC. These reports will contain further information concerning any reportable incidents and any other relevant information on environmental performance during implementation.

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8.4.4 Emergency Response Plan

The ERP will contain instructions for support vessel emergency, medical emergency, search and rescue, reportable incidents, incident notification, and contact information.

In the event of an emergency of any type, the Dredge Master will assume overall onsite command and act as the Emergency Response Coordinator (ERC). All persons aboard the dredgers will be required to act under the ERC‟s guidance. The site supervisor/engineer will maintain communications with the Dredge Master and/or other emergency services in the event of an emergency. The dredgers will have on-board equipment for responding to emergencies including but not limited to medical equipment, fire-fighting equipment and oil spill equipment.

8.4.5 Grievance Redness Mechanisms

DWIR established a project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) which will be implemented under the leadership of PMU which will oversee the grievance management. GRM will cover three issues i) safeguards implementation ii) overall project implementation and iii) ARAP implementation. The project level protocol envisages the role of DWIR Dredge Master and site supervisor to function the GRM process with the support from regional offices and PMU.

In order to hear any concerns raised by the communities during the project implementation, the contact phone numbers will be advertised to the local communities at the public notice board for complaints. Dredge Master/ Site supervisor (or) engineer will be responsible for handling the complaint with assist of PMU C-3 and Safeguard team. GRM for ARAP implementation will be carried out by establishing an ARAP committee to address complaints and grievances pertaining to resettlement. The Committee will include a representative of each relevant department, from the PMU and the representative(s) from the local community.As shown in figure 35, a grievance/complaint can be submitted either via a written form or verbally by phone call as of the below options:

1) By communicating to the local Authority/ regional DWIR office (using the official grievance form, via letter/note or verbally) who will be responsible for reporting the issue to PMU

2)By submitting the grievance directly to PMU (either verbally or via the grievance form)

3) By submitting the grievance to the site engineer or dredge master who will then be responsible for informing PMU

When a complaint/grievance is received, it will be registered using the template in Annex-7 and solved within 24 hours after receiving the complaint by site engineer or dredge master with the support of regional DWIR office. If the complaint/grievance is directly involve the current project implementation activities, for an immediate action to satisfy the complaint, the complainant will be informed of corrective action plan including the tentative timeline. Any complaints relates to a significant incident (eg. Fatality or morbidity) which needs further investigation will be referred to PMU C-3 team. Then PMU C-3 team will investigate and find the corrective solution within 7 days after receiving the complaint and implement the solution. It will be subsequently reported to DWIR management and World Bank for the commentary and/or advisory purpose.

Figure 35: Grievance Mechanism Process Chart

8.5 ESMP Cost Estimates

The costs are estimated roughly for onsite ESMP implementation and monitoring supervision which will be financed by the AIRBM project. The total cost for the environmental and social management

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and monitoring activities would be approximately USD 0.148 million; excluding the compensation for any loss. The compensation for any temporary loss including the total administration cost for ARAP implementationwill be financed by the GOM under this project. For every microproject, PMU will assess the presence and significance of ARAP issue and calculate the budget for the DWIR approval on the disbursement case by case basis as the cost for compensation would vary with the nature and complexity of the project activities at the specific microproject.

Table 11: ESMP Budget for the Stretch-1 Microproject

Description Amount in USD

ESMP implementation and monitoring Activities

water, soil, quality monitoring before/ during and post

Project implementation( training of staff, purchasing of equipment and tools)

30,000

Implementation of mitigation measures (including first aid kits, PPE, etc..) 50,000

Administrative budget for stakeholder engagement activities 35,000

PMU monitoring and supervision

Accommodation and Travelling of four persons 20,000

Subtotal 135,000

Contingency (10%) 13,500

TOTAL 148,500

Round cost 148,000

9 Conclusion

The Ayeyarwady river has been constantly changing with wet season flows particularly in its mid and lower sections where the slope of the river is close to zero. The strong currents put huge amounts of sediment in motion, causing sedimentation and erosion that continuously change the shape of the channel system. Hence, DWIR has been practicing a flexible approach towards the planning and execution of river maintenance works for navigation purposes.From the 2015-2016 fiscal year, DWIR engaged in small and temporary river training works on Stretch-1 with its own equipment and manpower under AIRBMP. The first AIRBMP/DWIR microproject packages were dredging works and associated groyne structures at the Pakkouku-NyaungOo Section.

Subsequently, DWIR surveyed and identified a number of bottlenecks within the 200km long Mandalay – NyaungOo section, which would require annual hotspot maintenance dredging. As a result of the survey and studies, DWIR proposes a series of small, temporary, and reversible navigation enhancement interventions – microprojects - that will promote safe and efficient navigation and improve public safety in Stretch-1. These proposed series of microprojects are planned to be carried out from 2017 to 2022 to meet the immediate target LAD of 2 m. The navigation enhancement interventions would consist of maintenance dredging and installation of temporary river training structures. With the support of AIRMBP, DWIR is now mainstreaming environmental and social management into its regular operations.

Due to the nature of DWIR activities for navigation improvement works in the dynamic river system, administrative process to obtain an approval from ECD would delay the implementation works. Therefore, DWIR/AIRBM prepared this general IEE (one single IEE) for Stretch 1 covering the potential bottlenecks to be solved under the AIRBM project in the upcoming years for prior approval.

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This IEE has undertaken a systematic assessment of potential environmental and social impacts covering ten microprojects. DWIR would select the design with minimal impacts for each microproject applying the criteria and code of practice described in the annexes. These microprojects are implementing in line with historical dredging and groyne construction undertaken by DWIR since 1972, and will be incorporating environmental and social considerations from the World Bank Environmental and Social Operational Policies and the Myanmar 2015 EIA procedures.

Following the IEE approval from ECD, for implementation of these microprojects along the Stretch-

1, AIRBM/ DWIR will also conduct the detail survey on social and environmental characteristics for

each specific microproject and prepare the necessary safeguard tool as described in in chapter 8.

DWIR will submit the ESMP prepared for each microproject including site-specific mitigation

measures, monitoring plan and information of engagement with key affected community during the

implementation phase to ECD for the acknowledgement. In addition, DWIR are now under the

process of developing comprehensive operational guidelines following national EIA procedures and

World Bank Safeguard Policies, which will be applied to all microprojects.

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အေထျေထျ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး စမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမ

ကနဥ သဘာဝ နငး႕ လမႈဝနးကငးဆငးရာဆနးစစးခငး ( Initial Environmental Examination) အစရငးခစာ၏ ဤအခနးသညး အေသစာစမကနး (microproject) တစးခခငးစအတျကး အဆပထာေသာ လပးေဆာငး ဖျယးရာမာအတျကး စမကနးသသနး႔ သဘာဝ ပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး စမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမ (ESMP) အေၾကာငး ေဖားပထာသညး၈ ၎သညး စမကနးလပးငနးစဥးမာ ေဆာငးရျကးစဥး အေတာအတျငး စညးကမးဥပေဒ လကးနာမႈဆငးရာ လအပးမႈမာ ၇ ထခကးမႈ ေလာပါသကးသာေစခငးဆငးရာ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ႏြငး ေစာငးၾကညး ကျပးကေရ အစအစဥးတ႔က အႏြစးခပး ေဖားပခငးအာဖငး သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး စမခနး႕ချမႈ မေဘာငးတစးခ ေထာကးပေပရနး ရညးရျယး ပါသညး၈

၅.၈ ESMP ႏြငး သကးဆငးရာ အေထျေထျနယးပယးအတငးအတာ

ဤသဘာဝႏြငး႕လမႈဝနးကငးဆငးရာစမခနး႕ချမႈ အစအမ (ESMP) အာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ဆနးစစးေလ႕လာမႈဆငးရာ ေတျ႕ရြခကးမာအရ စမကနးလပးငနးမာ ေဆာငးရျကးစဥး အေတာအတျငး အေကာငး အထညးေဖားရနး ေရဆျ ပငးဆငးထာခငးဖစးသညး၈ သကးဆငးရာ ႏငးငေတားအဆငး ဥပေဒ ႏြငး ကမာၻ႕ဘဏး ေဘဆရနးကာ မဝါဒတ႔က လကးနာေဆာငးရျကးရနးရညးရျယးခကးဖငး႕ ESMP ေလ႕လာမႈ နယးပယးအတငးအတာက ဤ IEE ၏ အခနး (၁) တျငး ေဖားပထာေသာ စမကနး လပးငနးေဆာငးတာ အာလက ခငမေစရနး သတးမြတးထာပါသညး၈

ESMP တျငး အေသစာစမကနး (Microproject) မာႏြငး ဆကးႏႊယးသညး႕ တညးေဆာကးေရလပးငနးမာ ႏြငး႕အခ လပးငနးေဆာငးတာမာေၾကာငး႕ ဖစးေပၐနငးသညး႕ သဘာဝ ပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ထခကးမႈ မာက ေလာ႕ခထနးခပးနငးရအသပမညး ကငး႕ဝတးမမာ၇ လပးထလပးနညးမာ ႏြငး နညးစနစးမာက သတးမြတး ပဌာနး ထာသညး၈

ထခကးမႈေလာပါသကးသာေစမညး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ႏြငး အစအမမာ မာက အမအစာအလကး ) ေသာငးတ လပးငနးမာအေကာငးအထညးေဖားစဥးအတျငး ေဆာငးရျကးရမညး႕ ထခကးမႈ ေလာ႕ပါေစမညး႕ ေယဘ ယ အစအမမာ ႏြငး ဿ) ယာယ မစးေၾကာငး ထနးသမးေရ တညးေဆာကးမႈမာ အေကာငးအ ထညး ေဖားစဥးအတျငး ေဆာငးရျကးရမညး႕ ထခကးမႈ ေလာ႕ပါေစမညး႕ ေယဘယ အစအမမာ ဟ၍ အမအစာအလကး အေသစတး ေဖားပထာသညး၈

ထ႔အပငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကေရ အစအမ၇ မနးမာႏငးင ထစ ႏြငး႕ လကးေလာညေအာငး ပငးဆငးထာသညး႕ နစးနာမႈေလားေၾကဆငးရာ ပနးလညး ေနရာခထာေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈ မေဘာငး ၇ နစးနာခကး တငးၾကာမႈ ေဖရြငးေရ နညးလမး ႏြငး ESMP အတျကး ကနးက စရတးခနး႔မြနးခကးမာကလညး ဤ ESMP တျငး ထညး႕သျငး ေဖားပထာပါသညး၈ ေရအရငးအမစး ႏြငး မစးေခာငးမာဖျ႕ၿဖ တတကးေရ ဥစဌာန (DWIR) သညး ဤ ESMP ၏ ရညးညႊနးသကးေရာကးမႈမာ ႏြငး ေဒသႏရ ကနးထ႐ကးတာမာက ESMP အာေလစာလကးနာမႈက ေသခာေစခငးတ႔အတျကး အဓက တာဝနးရြသညး အစရ ဌာန ဖစးသညး၈

၅.ဿ၈ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငးႏြငးလမႈဝနးကငးဆငးရာ စမခနး႔ချမႈအစအမ(ESMP) ၏ ရညးမြနးခကးမာ

ချခာေဖားထတးထာသညး႕ ထခကးနငးေခမာသညး႕ Sensitive Receptors အေပၐသကးေရာကးနငးသညး႕ မညးသညး႕ ထခကးမႈ မက မဆ ေရြာငးၾကဥးရနး ၇ ကာကျယးတာဆရနး သ႕မဟတး ေလြာခရနး အတျကး ထခကးမႈ impact မာက တ႕ပနးမႈ ဖစးစဥးမာ (လလာဖျယးရာ အရြဆမြ မရြဆ အစဥးအတငး) အရ ထခကးမႈေလာပါ သကးသာေရ မဟာဗဟာမာက ထညး႕သျငးစဥးစာခ႕ပါသညး၈

ဤ ESMP ၏ ရညးမြနးခကးမာမြာ -

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သကးဆငးရာမနးမာႏငးငသဘာဝပတးဝနးကငးဆငးရာ ဥပေဒ ၇မေဘာငး၇ ေဘဆရနးကာမဝါဒ ႏြငး စမခနး႔ချ ေရစနစး ႏြငး ႏငးငတကာ စကးမႈလပးငနး ဆငးရာ အေလအကငးေကာငးမာအာ စဥးဆကးမပတး ေလစာ လကးနာမႈက ေဖားေဆာငးသ႐ပးပရနး၈

ဖစးတနးစျမးရြသညး ဆဝါေသာ ထခကးမႈမာက ေလာပါသကးသာေစမညး႕ ထနးခပးေရ ၇ ေစာငးၾကညး ကျပးကေရ ႏြငး စမခနး႔ချေရဆငးရာ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈအစအမမာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးဆငးရာ လပးထလပး နညးမာ ေဖားပရနး၈

ေသာငးတလပးငနးမာ ႏြငး မစးေၾကာငးထနး အေဆာကးအဥမာ မေဆာငးရျကးမနငးမ ႀကတငး မေမ ြားမြနး ထာနငးေသာ (သ႔) ၾကတငး ချခာ ေဖားထတးထာနငးခငး မရြေသာ ထခကးမႈ (impact) မာ ေလာပါသကး သာေစခငးအတျကး မေဘာငးတစးခ ေဖားပရနး၈

အာဏာပငးမာ ႏြငး ဆကးစပးပတးသကးသမာ အာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ဆငးရာ စျမးေဆာငးမႈ ႏြငး႕ပကးသကးသညး႕ လအပးခကးမာ ပညး႕မြမႈက အာမခခကးေပနငးရနး၈

ထနးခပးေရ ႏြငး စမခနး႔ချေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈအစအမမာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေဆာငးရျကးမႈက အာမခခကး ေပနငးရနးအတျကး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကမႈမာက ေဆာငးရျကးရနး၈

စမကနး ေအာငးမငးစျာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေဆာငးနငးမႈက တငးတာမညး စနစးကေသာ ေစာငးၾကညး ကျပးကခငး ၇ အစရငးခစာတငးခငး ႏြငး စမခနး႔ချခငး မေဘာငးတစးခအတျငး တ႕အထကးပါ နညးလမးမာ အာလက ေပါငးစပးထညး႕သျငးရနး၈

၅.၀၈ စမကနးအေကာငးအထညး ေဖားေဆာငးမညး႕ အဖျ႕အစညးဆငးရာ စစဥးခထာမႈမာ

၅.၀.. ေရအရငးအမစး ႏြငး မစးေခာငးမာ ဖျ႕ၿဖတတကးေရ ဥစဌာန(DWIR)

DWIR သညး အေသစာ စမကနးမာ (Series of Microprojects) အတျကး စမကနး အေကာငး အထညးေဖားေဆာငးရျကးမညး ဥစဌာန ဖစးးၿပ ဧရာဝတမစးဝြမး ဘကးစစမခနး႔ချမႈ စမကနး (AIRBMP) ၏ စမကနး စမခနး႔ချေရ ဌာန (PMU) သညး နညးပညာဆငးရာ၇ လပးငနးေဆာငးရျကးမႈဆငးရာ ၇ဘ႑ာေရဆငးရာ စမခနး႔ချမႈ ႏြငး အရညးအေသျ အာမခမႈ အပငး ESMP ႏြငး ခနးထကကးညမႈ အပါအဝငး စမကနးအေကာငး အထညးေဖားေဆာငးရျကးမႈအာ ဘကးေပါငးစ မြ တာဝနးခေဆာငးရျကးသ ဖစးသညး၈ DWIR မြ ေသာငးတသေဘၤာ အၾကအက(dredge master) သညး ထခကးမႈေလာပါသကးသာေရေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး ၇ စမကနး project site ေနရာ တျငးး E&S Monitoring မာ ပမြနး ေဆာငးရျကးခငး ႏြငး ေဒသႏရလမႈအသငးအဝငး၇ ေဒသခမာဖငး လအပးသလ႕ဆကးသျယးခငး တ႔အတျကး တာဝနးအရြဆဂၢလးဖစးသညး၈ Dredge Master ႏြငး DWIR မြ Site ၾကၾကပးသ/ မနးေနဂာ တ႕သညး ) တညးေဆာကးေရလပးငနးမာက သကးဆငးရာ ESMPအရ ေဆာငးရျကးခငး၇ ဿ) သငး႕ေလားသညး႕ ေဘကငးကာကျယးမႈ ပစၥညးမာ လကးဝယးထာရြမႈ (PPE)၇ ၀) နညးပညာ၇ သဘာဝ ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ရႈေထာငး႕ဆငးရာ စမကနးလပးေဆာငးမႈမာ အတျကး လပတး အစရငးခစာ (Monthly Report) မာ ပငးဆငးေဆာငးရျကးရနး၇ ၁) ESMP တျငး ထညး႕သျငးေဖားပထာသညး႕ ထခကးမႈေလာ႕နညးေစမညး႕ အစအမမာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးအာ စဥးဆကးမပတး ၾကၾကပးရနး၇ ၂) တညးေဆာကးေရ လပးငနးမာ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈ မာေၾကာငး႕ ဖစးေပၐနငးသညး႕ သဘာဝဝနးကငးထခကးမႈ ဆငးရာ အခကးအခ၇ပနာ မာက ၾကညး႕ရႈစစးေစရနး ႏြငး စမကနး စမခနး႕ချမႈ သ႕သတငးပ႕ရနး၇ ၃) နစးနာမႈတငးၾကာခကးဆငးရာ နညး စနစးမာ (GRM) အတျကး ေဒသခလထ ႏြငး ေစ႕စပးညြႏႈငးမႈမာ ေဆာငးရျကးခငး အစရြသညး႕ လပးငနးမာ က တာဝနးခေဆာငးရျကးရမညးဖစးသညး၈ သကးဆငးသမာက သငး႕ေလားရာ အသပညာေပသငးတနးမာ ကလညး PMU မြ သဘာဝ ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငးဆငးရာ က ျမးကငးသမာ ႏြငး ပတျ၍ ေဆာငးရျကးရမညးဖစးသညး၈

ထ႔အပငး DWIR သညး ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားမႈအတျငး PMU ႏြငး ထကသ႔ေသာဌာနက အေထာကးအပ ေပလကးရြသညး စမအပးခပးေရ ႏြငး လပးေဆာငးမႈမာ ညြႏႈငးေဆာငးရျကးခငး အပါအဝငး စမကနး အေကာငး

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အထညးေဖားေရအတျကး သကးဆငးရာ ဌာနမာအၾကာ ညြႏႈငးေဆာငးရျကးမႈ အလစအတျကး တာဝနး ရြ မညးဖစးသညးသညး၈

၅.၀.ဿ. စမကနးစမခနး႔ချေရဌာန (PMU),AIRBM

ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး၏ တစးစတးတစးပငး အဖစး PMU သညး ေအာကးပါ လပးေဆာငးဖျယးရာမာက ဖညးဆညးေပရမညးဖစးသညး၈ ) ဆကးေနရာသသနး႔ ESMP ေရဆျ ခငး ၈ ဿ) ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားစဥး အေတာအတျငး တရာဝငးလပးထလပးနညးမာ သငးေတားစျာအသခခငးက ႀကၾကပးကျပးကခငး၈ ၀) ဘ႑ာေရ စမခနး႔ချမႈႏြငး ေငျစာရငးထနးသမးခငး ၈၁) စမကနး အေကာငးထညးေဖားမႈ အဆငး႕တေလာကး ေဒသခ လမႈအသငးအဝငးမာ ႏြငး ေစ႕စပး ေဆျေနျ မႈမာ ေဆာငးရျကးခငး၇၂) မညးသညး႕ မေမ ြားမြနးနငးသညး႕ စမကနး ဆငးရာ ထခကးမႈမာအတျကး သငး႕ေလားသညး႕ ေဖေလာ႕ေစသညး႕ (သ႕) အမြနးပငးဆငးသညး႕ အစအမမာ ၃) ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး ၇ ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး ႏြငး ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားရာတျငး ပါဝငး သညးအဖျ႕မာ ညြႏႈငးေဆာငးရျကးမႈဆငးရာ လအပးခကးမာအတျကး လအပးေသာ အစရငးခစာမာ ပစ ေရဆျ ခငး ၇၄) စမကနးအေကာငးအထညးေဖားေရ အတျကး အစရငးခစာမာ ပစ ေရဆျ ခငးအပါအဝငး ( တတကးမႈ အစရငးခစာမာ ၇ ၿပစမႈအစရငးခစာမာ) ကမာၻ႕ဘဏးႏြငး ပေပါငး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈက ဆကးလကးေဆာငးရျကးခငး၈ အဆပထာသညး လပးေဆာငးဖျယးရာအတျကး စမခနး႔ချေရစနစး မေဘာငးက ေဖားထတးခၿပဖစးသညး၈ စမခနး႔ချေရ စနစးသညး အချငးအာဏာေပထာသညး မဝါဒမာ ၇ စသတးမြတးခကးမာ ၇ လပးငနးစဥးမာ ၇ လမးညႊနးခကးမာ ၇ လပးထလပးနညးမာ၇ အဓကလညးပတးလပးေဆာငးမႈမာက ခမသညး လပးငနး ညႊနးၾကာခကးမာ ႏြငး လကးစျ စာအပးမာ ပါဝငးသညး၈ စမခနး႔ချေရစနစးသညး ESMP မြတစးဆငး သဘာဝ ပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈေရဆငးရာ(အခာ အေၾကာငးမာအပငး) စျမးေဆာငးမႈလ အပးခကး မာ သတးမြတး ထေထာငးၿပဖစးေမာကးရရြေစမညး နညးလမးဖစးသညး၈ The AIRBM PMU သညး ဤ သဘာဝပတးဝနး ကငးႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငးစမခနး႔ချမႈအစအမအရ ေသာငးတခငး ႏြငး ၾကာဝငးေဆာငးရျကးခငးတ႔က အေကာငး အထညးေဖားခငးအာ ႀကၾကပးကျပးကမညးဖစးသညး၈ ESMP အတျကး အဖျ႕အစညးဆငးရာ စစဥးခ ထာမႈမြာ ေအာကးပါအတငး ဖစးသညး၈

ပ (၀၁) အလစ ESMP မေဘာငး ႏြငး အဖျ႕အစညးဆငးရာ အစအစဥး

PMU ေဘရနးတာဆ ကာကျယးေရအဖျ႔ ႏြငး C-3 အဖျ႕တ႔႔႔မြ

တာဝနးယရနး

PMU ေဘရနးတာဆ ကာကျယးေရ

အဖျ႕၏ အၾကဉာဏး ႏြငးအတ

Site Supervisor, Dredge Master တ႔႔မြတာဝနးယရနး

Site Supervisor၇

Dredge Master

အဖျ႕

PMU ေဘရနးတာဆ ကာကျယးေရ

အဖျ႕၏ အၾကဉာဏး ႏြငးအတ

Project Engineer,

Dredge Master တ႔႔မြ တာဝနးယရနး

Project Engineer ႏြငး

Dredge Master တ႔႔မြ တာဝနးယရနး

ထခကးမႈသကးသာေစ

သညး

ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ႏြငး

အမာပညးသ

ေဘကငးေရ

စမခနး႔ချမႈ

ESMP ပစခငးႏြငး

E&S

ေလာပါသကးသာ

ေစခငး

ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ

လပးငနးချငး အႏရာယး

ကာကျယးတာဆခငး

ႏြငး ထနးခပးခငး

ဆကးလကးဖစးပျာဆ

ေရယာဥးသျာလာမႈ

ႏြငးတပနးခငး၇မေကန

ပးမႈ ကငးတျယးခငး

စျနး႔း႔း႔ပစးပစၥညးစမခနး႔ချ

မႈ

သဘာပတးဝနးကငး

ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး

စမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမ

(ESMP) သငးတနး ႏြငး

ပညာေပလႈ႕ေဆားမႈမာ

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၅.၁၈ ေယဘယ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ထခကးမႈ ေလာပါသကးသာေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ

အခနး (၃) တျငး ဆနးစစးေလ႕လာခ႕သညး႕ အေသစာစမကနး (microproject) မာထမြ ဖစးႏငးေခရြေသာ ႀကမာသသာသညး ေယဘယ သေဘာ ထခကးမႈမာက ေလာပါသကးသာေစရနး ႏြငး တတကးေကာငးမျနးေစရနး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာမြာ အဆဆဖစးတနးစျမးက အေခခၿပ ေဖားထတးထာခငး ဖစးသညး၈ သ႔ရာတျငး ထခကးမႈမာ၏ ပငးထနးမႈ ႏြငး အေရပါမႈ သညး သကးဆငးရာ ေရေၾကာငးၾကပးတဥးမႈ ေနရာရြ လမႈ-စပျာ အေခအေနမာ ႏြငး ပထဝဝငး အရပးေဒသ အေခ အေနမာ အေပၐမတညးၿပ ကျ ပာခာနာမညးဖစးသညး၈အေသစာစမကနး (microproject) မာေအာကးရြ အလပးမာ၏ အရျယး အစာ ေသငယးမႈက ထညးတျကးလြငး ဆကးေနရာအနတဝကးနယးေမ၏ ပငးပတျငး ဆငးပါျထခကးမႈမာ(Cumulative impacts) ဖစးႏငးစရာ မရြပါ၈ စမကနး၏ ဆကးႏႊယးရာ ထခကးမႈမာအာလက စမခနး႔ချရနး စျနး႔ပစးပစၥညး စမခနး႔ချမႈအပငး အလပးအကငး ႏြငး ရပးရျာလထ ကနးမာေရ ႏြငး ေဘကငးမႈက ခမသညး ပကငးဖျယး အေလ အထက အသငးပငးဆငး ပစထာၿပဖစးသညး၈

ဒဇငးေရဆျသညးအဆငး၏ အေစာပငးအဆငး႕ ကပငး DWIR သညး သဘာဝ ႏြငး လမႈေရဆငးရာ ပတးဝနးကငး အေပၐ ထခကးမႈအနညးဆဖငး ဒဇငးေရဆျနငးရနး ထညး႕သျငးစဥးစာမညးဖစးသညး၈ ထ႔အပငး DWIR ၏ ယခငးအလပးမာအေပၐ ေဒသခရပးရျာလထဖငး တငးပငးေဆျေႏျ မႈမာမြ လကးခရရြသညး မြတးခကး ႏြငး အၾကပခကးမာအပငး မစးေၾကာငးၾကပးတဥးသညး႕ ဧရယာအတျငး မစး၏ သေဘာသဘာဝတ႔က ESMP အတျငး ထညးသျငးစဥးစာထာပါသညး၈ ဤေနရာတျငး ခငမေသာ ထခကးမႈမာအာလအတျကး ဤ ESMP အာ ECoP မာႏြငးအတ အေသစာစမကနး (microproject) တငးအေပၐ အလစ ခမေသာ အေထျေထျစမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမအဖစး အသခမညး ဖစးသညး၈ စတငး စစးေဆသညး အဆငးတျငး ဤ အေထျေထျ ESMP အတျငး ခမခငး မရြသညး သသနး႕ဖစးၿပ တစးမထေသာ မညးသညးကစၥ မဆ ရြာေဖျ ေတျ႕ရြခလြငး DWIR သညး အပထပးေဆာငး သသနး႔ေဆာငးရျကးမႈက စဥးစာမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ဤ ထခကးမႈမာ ႏြငး ေလာပါသကးသာေစသညး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ႏြငး ဆကးေနရာတျငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကမႈ မာက ဇယာ (၅) တျငး တငးပထာပါသညး၈

Dredger Master သညး ဇယာ(၅) အတျငးမြ ESMP အာ လညးပတးလပးေဆာငးမႈ ႏြငး လကးနာ ကကးညမႈက ေသခာေစခငးအတျကး တာဝနးရြမညးဖစးသညး၈ Safeguard Unit သညး DWIR အငးဂငးနယာ မာႏြငး ေဆာကးလပးေရဆကး ဝနးထမးမာအာလ၏ စမကနးအေပၐ ထေရာကးေသာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ဆငးရာ စမခနး႔ချမႈက အဆကးမပတး ႀကၾကပးကျပးကမႈအာ ေထာကးပေပမညး ဖစးသညး၈ အေသစာစမကနး (microproject) တစးခခငးစ၏ Enviornmental and Social Perfomrances ဆငးရာ သကးဆငးရာ ရႈေထာငးအသသအတျကး စသတးမြတးထာေသာအေလအကငးမာကလညး လမးညႊနးခကးစာ မာ ထာရြမညးဖစးသညး၈ ၎တ႔တျငး ဆကးေနရာ (သ႔) လပးေဆာငးမႈအလကး လအပးေသာ အေသစတးအခကးမာ ႏြငး ေဆာကးလပးေရ လပးငနးမာ အာလတျငး လကးနာရမညး လအပးခကးမာ ပါဝငးသညး၈ လကးရြတျငး PMU သညး နညးပညာဆငးရာ ႏြငး သဘာဝဝနးကငးႏြငးလမႈဝနးကငးဆငးရာ ေဘရနးႀကတငးကာဆမႈ ႐ႈေထာငးအမငးမာ က ခမေသာ စာဖငး ေရသာ ထာသညး လမးညႊနးခကးမာ ေဖားထတးလကးရြသညး၈

၅.၁.၈ အကဥးခပနးလညးေနရာခထာေရ ေဆာငးရျကးရနး အစအမ (ARAP)

WB OP 4.12 အရ ေမသမးယမႈ/ပနးလညးေနရာခထာမႈ က ဖစးလာေစသညး စမကနးမာအာလသညး နစးနာမႈေလားေၾကႏြငး ပနးလညးေနရာ ခထာေရေဆာငးရျကးရနး အစအမ (RAP) လအပးသညး၈ သ႔ေသား ဖစးႏငးေခရြသညးေရႊ႕ေပာငးသညး လဥေရသညး ဿ ထကး (သ႔) ဿ ထကးေကားလျနးေသားလညး၇ ေမ.ယာရယမႈပမာဏနညးပါခငး ( ပငးဆငးမႈ၏ ရာခငးႏႈနး (သ႔) ထ႔ထကးနညးေသာ ပမာဏကသာ ရယသညး အခါ) သ႔မဟတး ႐ပးပငးအရ ပနးလညးေနရာခထာမႈ မပါဝငးသညးအခါ အကဥးခပနးလညးေနရာခထာေရ ေဆာငးရျကးရနးအစအမ (ARAP) က အသခႏငးသညး၈ ယခ စမကနးသညး ႐ပးပငးအရ ေရႊ႕ေပာငးမႈ မပါဝငးပါ၈ ထ႔ေၾကာငး DWIR သညး ကမာၻ႕ဘဏး၏ ႀကတငး ေဘရနးကာကျယးမႈ မဝါဒမာႏြငး

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ပနးလညးေနရာခထာေရအတျကး သကးဆငးရာ အမသာ ဥပေဒမာက လကးနာရငး စမကနး၏ ESMF လမးညႊနးခကး ႏြငးအည ARAP လပးငနးက စစဥးေဆာငးရျကးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

စမကနးဧရယာ ႏြငး ယငး၏ ဝနးကငးတေလြာကး အတတးကာလႏြငးလကးရြ ႀကစေနေသာ အေခအေနမာက ထညးသျငးစဥးစာၿပ ARAP သညးေအာကးပါတ႔ပါဝငးသညး၈ -

) စမကနးသကးေရာကးခလထ (PAP) ႏြငး ၎တ႔၏ သတးမြတးခကး ပညးမမႈက ချခာေဖားထတးရနး လဥေရ စာရငးေကာကးခ သညး ေလလာမႈ စစးတမးက ေဆာငးရျကးခငး၈

ဿ) အသကးေမျ အလပးအာပပမႈအေပၐ ထခကးမႈက ဆဖတးရနး ႏြငး သကးေရာကးသညး အရငးပစၥညးမာက တနးဖတျကးခကးရနး လမႈစပျာ ေလလာမႈစစးတမးက ေဆာငးရျကးခငး၈

၀) ခနး႔မြနးေခေလားေၾက ႏြငး အခာေသာေရျခယးစရာ နညးလမးဖငးကညေထာကးပေပမညး ပနးလညး ေနရာခ ထာေရက အသငးပငးေဆာငးရျကးေပခငး ႏြငး ေလားေၾကဇယာက ေဖားထတးခငး၈

၁) လကးသငးခႏငးသညး အခာေရျခယးစရာ နညးလမးအေၾကာငး သကးေရာကးခ PAP မာ ႏြငး တငးပငး ေဆျေႏျ ခငး၈

၂) နစးနာခကးမာက အေလားေပခငးအတျကး လပးထလပးနညးမာ က အေလအထမာ အတညးတက ဖစးေစ ခငး ႏြငး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး၈

၃) ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး ႏြငး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးက စစဥးေဆာငးရျကးခငး၈ ( အခနးဇယာ၇ GRM ႏြငး ဘတးဂကး အပါအဝငး)

ARAP အတျကး သတးမြတးခကးေဘာငးဝငးသညး စမကနး၏ သကးေရာကးခ အမယးမာတျငး ) ယာယေမဆ႐ႈမႈ ၈ ဿ) သႏြမာ၇ ဟငးသဟငးရျကးမာ ၇ သစးပငးမာ ႏြငး အခာအရငးပစၥညးမာ ႏြငး ရပးရျာလထဆငးရာ လမး ႏြငး အေခခအေဆာကးအအမာ ၇ ႏြငး စပျာဖစးအေရႀကေသာ ငါဖမးရာေနရာမာ ၈ ၀) စမကနး၏ ရလဒးအဖစး ေသငယးေသာလပးငနးမာ (သ႕) ကနးထတးလပးမႈ / ဝငးေငျ ထခကးဆ႐ႈမႈ စသညးတ႔ပါဝငးသညး၈DWIR အေကာငး အထညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕သညး သကးဆငးရာ အစရ ဌာနမာႏြငး အတအလပးလပးရငး ARAP အေကာငး အထညး ေဖားခငး အတျကး အဓက တာဝနးရြသညး၈ ထ အစရဌာနမာတျငး ငါလပးငနးဥစဌာန ၇ စကးပေရ ၇ ဆညးေမာငး ႏြငး ေရအသခမႈ စမခနး႔ချေရဥစဌာန၇ ပနးလညးေနရာခထာေရႏြငး ေမစာရငး ဥစဌာန ႏြငး အေထျေထျ အပးခပးေရ ဥစဌာန တ႔ပါဝငးသညး၈ ARAP အတျကးသတးမြတးခကး အကဝငးမႈဇယာက ေနာကးဆကးတျ-၃ တျငး ေဖားပထာၿပ လဥေရ ေလလာမႈစစးတမး အတျကး သတးမြတးထာသညး စာရျကးစာတမး ပစ ႏြငး ေလားေၾက သကးေသခ လကးမြတး တ႔က ေနာကးဆကးတျ-၄ တျငး ေဖားပထာသညး၈

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ဇယာ (၆) ၈ ဖစးႏငးေခရြသညး သသာႀကမာေသာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ထခကးမႈအတျကး သကးသာေလာပါေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ႏြငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး အစအမ

စဥး

ရငးမစး ဖစးႏငးေခရြေသာ ထခကးမႈ

အဆပထာေသာ သကးသာေလာပါေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ

အခနးသတးမြတးခကး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေပမညးသ

ေစာငးၾကညး ကျပးကမညးသ

ေသာငးတခငးလပးငနး

မစးအတျငး ေသာငးတခငး

ေနာကးကမႈယာယမငးတကးခငးက ေဒသခ မစးေရ သစျမႈက ယာယအေႏြာငးအယြကး ဖစးေစခငး

DWIR သညး မစးကမးပါမြ မတာအတျငး ေသာငးတခငး လအပးခကးက အနညးဆဖစးေအာငး ေဆာငးရျကးမညးဖစးသညး၈သ႔ေသား ေရြာငးလႊႏငးခငး မရြပါက DWIR သညး အေကာငးအထညးမေဖားခငး အနအနာမြမစးကမးပါရပးရျာလထက ေသာငးတ မညးကာလႏြငး တညးေနရာက အေၾကာငး ၾကာ/အသေပ မညး ဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး မတငးခငး အနညးဆ ပတး

DWIR အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕

PMU-ေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယးေရ အဖျ႕

ေရေနသတဝါ မြတငးေနထငးရာဘ ယာယဆ႐ႈမႈ ၇ ငါဖမးသညးေနရာ အကျကးအကျငးမာမြ ဝငးေငျေလာကမႈ

DWIR သညး စပျာေရအရ အေရပါေသာ မြတငး ေနထငးရာေနရာမာက ေရြာငးၾကဥးမညး၈ ( ငါမာ စာေသာကး ကကးစာရာ ႏြငး သာေပါကးရာ အကျကး အကျငးေနရာမာ) မေရြာငးလႊႏငးပါက ထခကးမႈ အတျကး ေလားေၾကေပရနး စမကနးေၾကာငး႕ ထခကးမညး႕သမာ (PAP)အတျကး အဓကရညးရျယး သညး႕ တငးပငးေဆျေႏျ မႈက ေဆာငးရျကးမညး ဖစးသညး၈


DWIR ဒဇငး အဖျ႕၇ PMU- C3 ႏြငးေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယးေရ အဖျ႕

PMU- ေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယးေရအဖျ႕

မစးေရ၏ ရပးဒပးဓာတဆငးရာ ဂဏးသတမာ

ေနာကးကမႈ ၇ DO၇အပခနး ၇ pH ၇ အယးကာလ ဖစးမႈပငးအာ ၇TSS ကသ႔ ကနးရြငးသတးမြတး ခကးမာအာ စမးသပးမႈက ေဆာငးရျကးမညးဖစးၿပ မစးေရအေပၐထခကးမႈ အဆငးက မြတးတမးတငးမညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညး အဆငး အတျငးႏြငး အေကာငး အထညး ေဖားသညး အဆငး ၿပေနာကး


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ႏြစးပတး တစးႀကမး

စမကနးဧရယာ တ ေလြာကး ကနးစညး သယးယေရ သေဘၤာ မာ၏ ဝငးေရာကးသျာ လာႏငးမႈ ထခကးခငး၈

DWIR သညး ရြငးလငးမငးသာေသာ သတေပ ဆငးဘတးမာတပးဆငးၿပ ေသာငးတမညး လမးေၾကာငးတေလြာကး ေရေၾကာငးပေဗားယာ (Buoy) မာ ထာရြမညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး တစးေလြာကးလ



အေကာငးအထညးမေဖားမ ႀကတငး သတေပ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈအဖစး ေဒသခ ေရလမးခရသျာလာမႈ အဖျ႕အစညးမာ ၇ ေဒသခရပးရျာလထ ႏြငး းေရေၾကာငးပ႕ေဆာငးေရဌာနတ႔အာ သတေပ/အေၾကာငးၾကာခငး၈




ဿ ေသာငးတစာမာ ကနးေမအေပၐ စျနး႔ပစးခငး

အမာပညးသ အေႏြာငးအယြကးဖစးမႈ၇ ကနးေမ ညစးညမးမႈ

DWIR သညး ေသာငးတစာမာ ပနး႔ကခငးက အနညးဆဖစးေစရနး ႏြငး အမာပညးသ အေႏြာငး အယြကးဖစးမႈက ေလြာခရနး သအတးမာသၿပ ယာယကနး႔သတးထနးခပးေရ တာတမမာ ေနရာခထာရြမညးဖစးသညး၈



PMU- C3 အဖျ႕

မစးေရ၏ ရပးဒပးဓာတဆငးရာ ဂဏးသတမာ

ေရႏတးေမာငးမြ စျနး႔ပစးေရမာ၏ ေနာကးကမႈ Turbidity ၇ DO ၇ အပခနး ၇ pH ၇ ဆာငနးမႈႏႈနး၇ TSS စသညး လကၡဏာရပး ကနးရြငးမာက အထျကးပကးတျငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကၿပ ေရ၏အရညးအေသျသညး သတးမြတးထာသညးအဆငးအတျငး ရြေၾကာငးေသခာေစမညးဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညး အဆငး အတျငး ႏြစးပတး တစးႀကမး



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မစးကမးဧရယာ ႏြငး မစးကမးႏြငး ေသာငးတသညး စကးအၾကာဧရယာသ႔ သျာေရာကးႏငးမႈ ယာယဆ႐ႈခငး

DWIR သညး ေဒသခပညးသမာ ဖတးကမႈ ပလပးသညးအခါ မစးအတျငးမြ မၾကာခဏ အသမာဆ ေနရာမာ/ပျ ငးအမြတးမာက ချခာ ေဖားထတးၿပ ယာယဖတးသနးခငးအတျကး အသငးေတားဆေနရာက ရြာေဖျမညး၈ လအပးလြငး မစးက ဖတးကခငးအတျကး ကတ႔ေလြသေဘၤာ ဆကးကပး ရပးနာရာ ေနရာသစးမာ ေထာကးပ ေပမညး ဖစးသညး၈


DWIR ဒဇငး အဖျ႕၇ PMU-C3 ႏြငးေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယးေရ အဖျ႕


ေဒသခ ေလြ၇ေရယာဥး မာ ဆကးေနရာက ဖတးသျာသညးအခါ ရပးရျာလထ ေဘကငးေရ အတျကး အႏရာယး

DWIR သညး ဖစးႏငးမညးဆလြငး ယာယဖညးတငး စပရနးဧရယာအဖစး ကမးပါတျငး လစးလပးေနေသာ ေမေနရာလျတးမာက ေရျ ခယးမညးဖစးသညး၈ စကးပေမရြမညးဆလြငး ယာယေမသမးဆညးမႈ အတျကး ARAP ကေဆာငးရျကးမညးဖစးသညး၈


PMU-C3 ႏြငး ေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယး ေရအဖျ႕


အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးမတငးမ ႀကတငး သတေပသညးေဆာငးရျကးမႈအဖစး ေဒသခ ေရလမး ခရသျာလာမႈ အဖျ႕အစညးမာ ၇ ေဒသခရပးရျာလထ ႏြငး းေရေၾကာငးပ႕ေဆာငးေရ ဌာန တ႔အာ သတေပ/အေၾကာငးၾကာခငး၈



DWIR သညး ရြငးလငးမငးသာေသာ သတေပ ဆငးဘတးမာတပးဆငးၿပ ေသာငးတမညး

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး

DWIR အေကာငးအထညး

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လမးေၾကာငးတေလြာကး ေရေၾကာငးပေဗားယာမာ ထာရြမညး၈

တစးေလြာကးလ ေဖားေရအဖျ႕ ကာကျယး ေရအဖျ႕

၀ ေသာငးတစာမာ မစးအတျငး စျနး႔ပစးခငး

မစးေရ၏ ႐ပးပငးႏြငး ဓာတပစၥညးဆငးရာ ဂဏးသတမာ၇ ေဒသခေလြ ေမားေတားမာ သျာလာႏငးမႈ ၇ ငါဖမးခငးမြ ဝငးေငျရရြမႈ

အကယး၍ cutter suction dredger-CSD က အသခမညးဆလြငး ေထာငးလကးေရအနညးပ႕ၽႏြမႈ re-suspension က ေလြာခရနး ပကးလငးက ေရထမႇပးထာခငးသညး ႏနးအနညး အႏြစး ပနး႔ကခငး ႏြငး ေသာငးတစာ စျနး႔ပစး ပစၥညးမာ အဓက ေရလမးေၾကာငးထ ေဘတကး ပ႕ႏြ႔ခငးတ႔က အနညးဆ ဖစးေစသညး၈

အကယး၍ Backhoe Dredger- BD က အသခမညးဆလြငး စျနး႔ပစးမညး ေနရာအတျကး ၂ မတာ အနကး ႏြငး ထ႔ထကးပေသာ ဧရယာမာ (သ႔) မစးကမးပါတေလြာကး တကးစာမႈ ဖစးလျယးေသာ ေနရာမာ က ဥစာေပ ေရျခယးမညး ဖစးသညး၈




ေဒသခ ေရသစျမႈ ဖစးၿပ အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားစဥး ကာလတေလြာကး ႏြငး အေကာငး အထညး ေဖားၿပ ကာလမာတျငး အနအနာရြ ေဒသခ ေရသစျမႈ က မထခကးေစရနး မစးအတျငး ေရအရညးအေသျေပာငးလမႈ မာက ေစာငး႕ကညး႕ေလ႕လာမညးဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညး အဆငး အတျငး ႏြစးပတး တစးႀကမး

DWIR အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕၇ PMU-C3


၂ စျနး႔ပစးပစၥညးမာ ထျကးရြခငး

ေရထညစးညမးမႈ ၇ ကနးေမညစးညမးမႈ

DWIR သညး အႏရာယးရြေသာ စျနး႔ပစးပစၥညး ႏြငး အစငးအခ စျနး႔ပစးပစၥညးမာက ECOP မာႏြငးအည ကနးေမအေပၐတျငး သခာ ကနး႔သတး၍ စျနး႔ပစးမညး

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး တေလြာကးလႏြငး ဖကးသမး ၿပစသညး


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ဖစးသညး၈ အဆငးအထ ေရအဖျ႕

၃ ေသာငးတသေဘၤာ ႏြငး ယငးဖငး ဆကးႏႊယးရာကရယာမာ လညးပတး လပးေဆာငးခငး ႏြငး ထနးသမးခငး

လပးငနးချငး ဒဏးရာမာႏြငး မေတားတဆမႈမာ

အလပးသမာမာအတျကး သငးေတားေသာ PPE ကေထာကးပေပမညး ဖစးသညး၈ DWIR သညး သေဘၤာေပၐ အၿပပါဝငးၿပဖစးေသာ မေတား တဆဖစးမႈမြတးတမးက ထေထာငးမညးဖစးသညး၈ ပမြနးစ COP က အသခမညး ဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး တစးေလြာကးလ ႏြငး ဖကးသမး ၿပစသညး အဆငးအထ



မစးေၾကာငးထနးသမးေရလပးငနး

ကနးေမအေပၐ ေဆာကးလပးေရ လပးေဆာငးမႈမာ

ေမဆလႊာတကးစာမႈ ႏြငး ကမးပါ ဆငးေခေလြာ မတညးမၿငမးဖစးမႈ

DWIR သညး ပစၥညးမာ သမြမႈႏြငး သသနး႔ေနရာ တစးခခငးစရြ အလပးသမာ စခနးမာ အတျကး သသနး႕ေဆာကးလပးေရဆကး စမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမ က သတးမြတးေဖားထတးထာမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ေဆာကးလပးေရအဆငးမတငးမ တကးစာ ပနးတ လျယးသညးဧရယာမာ ချ ခာေဖားထတးၿပ ႀကတငး ေမြား မြနးမႈဖငး တကးၾကျသညး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ေဖားထတးထာရြမညး ဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး မတငးမ ႏြငး တစးေလြာကးလ



DWIR သညး မစးကမးပါမာ တကးစာမႈမြ အကာ အကျယးေပရနး ႀကတငးကာကျယးမႈ အေနဖငး႕ မစးေၾကာငးထနးအေဆာကးအဥမာ၏ အထကး ဘကးႏြငးေအာကးဘကးမာ၏မစးကမးပါ ဆငးေခ ေလြာ တျငးမာတါငး အပငးမာ စကးပမညးဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားၿပအဆငး

DWIR အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕၇

PMU-C3

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ေဆာကးလပးေရ ကနးၾကမးပစၥညးမာ စပထာမႈေၾကာငး ယာယေမဆ႐ႈမႈႏြငး မစးကမးပါသ႔ သျာလာႏငးမႈ ယာယဆ႐ႈခငး

DWIR သညး လယးယာေမဆရႈနငးမႈမာက ဖစးႏငးသမြ ေရြာငးၾကဥးမညးဖစးသညး၈ အကယး၍ ေရြာငးလႊ မရပါက PAP ပစးမြတးထာ တငးပငးေဆျေႏျ ခငးဖငး ယာယေမသမးဆညးခငး / သႏြပကးစမႈ တ႔အတျကး ARAP က ကငးသ မညးဖစးသညး၈

အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားသညးအဆငး မတငးမ

DWIR အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕၇ PMU-C3, ေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယး ေရ အဖျ႕


ေဆာကးလပးေရ ဆကးေနရာရြ လပးငနးချငး ေဘကငးေရ

DWIR သညး သဘာဝေပါကးပငးမာ မလအပး ဘရြငး လငးခငးက တာမစးၿပ အႀကစာ ထရပးကာႀက မာ က သတးမြတး ထာသညး ခဥးကပးလမးေၾကာငး ႏြငး လပးငနးလညးပတးရာ ဧရယာမာတျငးသာ သျာလာ ေစမညး ဖစးသညး၈

DWIR သညး လပးငနးဆကးေနရာအတျငး လပးငနး ချငး ေဘကငးေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ႏြငး အေလ အထမာကလကးနာေဆာငးရျကးရနး ေဒသခ တစးဆငးခ ကနးထ႐ကး တာမာ ႏြငး လပးသာ အငးအာ စမာအေပၐ သကးေရာကးတျနး အာေပ သျာမညး ဖစးၿပ အသပညာေပ ၇လႈ႕ေဆားမႈမာ တနးမာေထာကးပေပသညး၈




ဿ မစးေၾကာငးအတျငး ေဆာကးလပးေရ လပးေဆာငးမႈမာ

မစးမာ၏ ႏနးအနညး အႏြစးႏြငး အနညးကမႈ မငးတကးလာခငးက မစးေရအရညးအေသျ

DWIR သညး ေဆာကးလပးေရ စမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမက ထေထာငးသတးမြတးမညး ဖစးၿပ ထခကးမႈမာက အနညးဆဖစးေစရနး ေမသာဆငးရာ လပးငနး မာအာ အစအမအတငးေဆာငးရျကးၿပ လအပးလြငး



PMU-C3

of 140

စဥး





က ထခကးယယျငး ေစသညး၈

ႏနးဖမးထနးသညး တညးေဆာကးမႈက တပးဆငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

ေကရျာလမးအေပၐ ယာဥးသျာလာမႈ ဝနးမငးတကးလာမႈ ႏြငး လမးအေပၐဖစးႏငးေခရြေသာထခကးမႈ ႏြငး ယာဥးသျာလာမႈ အႏရာယး

DWIR သညး ေဆာကးလပးေရ ကနးၾကမးပစၥညး မာက အႀကစာထရပးကာႀကမာအစာ ေရယာဥးမာအသပၿပ ေရႊ႕ေပာငးမညးဖစးသညး၈

အကယး၍ စမကနးက ေဒသခလမးအာအသပမႈ လအပးပါက DWIR သညး အသျာအလာ မာသညး အခနးတျငး အသပမႈက ေရြာငးၾကဥးခငး ႏြငး အမနး ႏႈနးက ထနးခပးခငးတ႔ဖငး အခာလမး အသပသ မာ၏ ေဘကငးေရက ေသခာေစမညး ဖစးသညး၈

DWIR သညး အသပ႕သညး႕လမး၏ အေခအေန သညး ေဆာကးလပးေရ အဆငး မတငးမ က မလ အေခအေနႏြငး တညရနး ေသခာေစမညးဖစးသညး။




နယးေမဧရယာ အတျငးသျာလာ ရာတျငး ရပးရျာလထ ေဘကငးေရ

DWIR သညး ဆကးေနရာသ႔ သျာလာခငးက တာမစးသညး ရြငးလငး မငးသာေသာ သတေပ သေကၤတမာ ႏြငး ဘတးပာမာ တပးဆငးၿပ GAD မြတစးဆငး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးမတငးမ ေဒသခ ေရလမး ခရသျာလာမႈ အဖျ႕အစညးမာ ၇ ေဒသခရပးရျာလထ တ႔အာ သတေပ/အေၾကာငး ၾကာမညး ဖစးသညး၈




ငါႏြငး ေရေန တရစာၦနးမာ

ေရလမးေၾကာငးအတျငး ေဆာကးလပးေရ လပးေဆာငးမႈမာ ၾကာခနးက တေတာငးေစရနး


DWIR အေကာငးအထ

PMU-C3

of 140

စဥး





အသကးရႈဖစးစဥးမာ က အေႏြာငးအယြကး ဖစးေစခငး

သငးေတားေသာ ေဆာကးလပးေရ စမခနး႔ချမႈ အစအမက ထေထာငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

တစးေလြာကးလ ညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕

ငါကကးစာရာရာေနရာမာမြဝငးေငျယာယဆ႐ႈမႈ

အကယး၍ အဆပထာသညး မစးေၾကာငးထနးအေဆာကးအဥမာ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈသညး ငါဖမးသညး အကျကးအကျငး ႏြငး အဓကငါမာ ကကးစာရာေနရာ အေပၐတကး႐ကး ထခကးမႈ ဖစးႏငးဖျယး အရြဆ ဖစးေနလြငး PAP ႏြငး တငးပငးေဆျေႏျ ၿပ ARAP ကေဆာငးရျကးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ DWIR က ထခကးသညး အမးေထာငးစမာ ေရႊ႕ေပာငးရနး အခာအကအညမာ ေထာကးပေပမညး ဖစးသညး၈

ေဆာကးလပးေရ မတငးမ အနညးဆ ပတး

DWIR အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕၇ ေဘရနး တာဆ ကာကျယး ေရ အဖျ႕


လအမာ စပ ဝငးေရာကး လာခငးႏြငး ဆကးႏႊယးရာ ထခကးမႈမာ

အလပးသမာမာ ႏြငး ေဒသခရပးရျာလထအတျကး ကနးမာေရေစာငးေရြာကးမႈ ဝနးေဆာငးမႈမာ ေထာကးပေပရနး၈

လအပးသညးအခါတငး HIV/AIDS ပညာေပ အစအစဥးမာ ေထာကးပေပရနး၈




စဥး


အဆပထာေသာ အဆငးမႇငးတငးေရေဆာငးရျကး မႈမာ

အေကာငးအထညးေဖားေပမညးသ


၀ ဆကးႏႊယးရာ အေထာကးအကပ

ေဒသခလထအတျကး အလပးအကငးအချငး

ေဆာကးလပးေရလပးသာအငးအာစအတျကး ေဒသခရပးရျာလထ ေခါငးေဆာငးမာ ပါဝငးမႈဖငး


DWIR အေကာငးအထ

PMU-C3

of 140

စဥး





အေဆာကးအအမာ ေဆာကးလပးခငး

အလမးမာ ေဒသခ ပညးသမာအာ ငြာရမးရနး၈ စမကနး သကးေရာကးခ အမးေထာငးစမာမြ အဖျ႕ဝငးမာအာ အလပးအကငးအချငးအလမးအတျကး ဥစာေပရနး၈

တစးေလြာကးလ ညးေဖားေရအဖျ႕

ေဒသခလပးငနးမာ အတျကး စပျာေရ အကေကဇမာ

စပျာေရလပးငနးငယးမာ ၇ ေဒသခလပးငနးမာ ေပၐထျနးလာမႈကႏႈေဆာငးရနး ႏြငး ကနးတျငး သယးယပ႔ေဆာငးေရက အသပခငးအာဖငး စမကနးဧရယာအတျငး ကနးသျယးမႈ ပလပးရနး၈

ေဒသခေပသျငးေရာငးခသမာထမြ ေဆာကးလပး ေရ ကနးၾကမးပစၥညးမာ ဝယးယမႈကအာေပရနး၈



PMU-C3

ေဒသခလမးမာ ႏြငး သယးယပ႔ေဆာငးေရ အေခခအေဆာကး အအမာ တတကး ေကာငးမျနးလာခငး

စမကနးႏြငးဆကးႏႊယးရာ လမးမာႏြငး သယးယ ပ႔ေဆာငးေရ အေခခအေဆာကးအအမာ တတကး ေကာငးမျနးလာေရအတျကး ၎တ႔က အဆငးမႇငး တငးခငး အာဖငး လမႈ-စပျာ အကေကဇမာက ေရရြညးတညးတေစေရ ထနးထာရနး ေဒသခ အာဏာပငးအဖျ႕အစညးမာ ႏြငး အစရ တာဝနးရြ သမာ ႏြငး ပေပါငးေဆာငးရျကးရနး၈



PMU-C3

တတကးေကာငးမျနးလာသညး ဝနးေဆာငးမႈ ႏြငး ရပးရျာလထ ဖျ႕ၿဖမႈ ဖစးႏငးေခ

ေဒသခရပးရျာလထ၏ လကးငငးလအပးခကးမာက ရြာေဖျရနး ႏြငး လပးငနးမာအာ စမကနး၏ ရညးမြနး ခကးမာအပငး ရပးရျာလထ၏ လအပးခကး မာက လညး ပညးမေစရနး ရပးရျာလထႏြငး အဆကးမပတး ေဆျေႏျ မႈက ထနးသမးထာရနး ၈( ဥပမာgroynes မာက ရျာမာအတျကး မစးကမးပါ အကာအကျယး




of 140

စဥး





နရမာႏြငးအတ တညးေဆာကးရနး၈)

၁ စမကနးလပးေဆာငးမႈမာဖငး မစးအတျငး ေရေၾကာငး သျာ လာေရက တတကး ေကာငးမျနးေစခငး

ေမားေတား၇သေဘၤာ ႏြငး ကနးစညး သယးယ ပ႔ေဆာငးေရမငးတကးလာခငး ၇ ကနးသျယး ေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ မငးတကးလာခငး၈

မစးေၾကာငးတေလြာကး သျာလာေရသ႔ ေခတးမ အကအညမာ ေထာကးပေပရနး၈

အေပာငးအလမာသ႔ အလကးသငး ေပာငးလေန ထငးရနး ေဒသခလထအာ အေလမသရြနာလညးမႈ အစအစဥးမာ ေထာကးပေပရနး၈


PMU-C3

of 140

၅.၁.ဿ ႀကၾကပးမႈအစအမက ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး

အေထျေထျ ESMP သညး စမကနးသကးေရာကးခရသညး သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး အစတးအပငးအာလအတျကး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငးဆငးရာ လအပးခကးမာက သတးမြတးေပၿပ တညးေဆာကးသညး အဆငးအမမအတျငး ဆကးေနရာတျငး တကး႐ကးကၿပ ထေရာကးေသာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားမႈအတျကး အေသစတးအခကးမာ ေထာကးပေပသညး၈ ႀကၾကပးကျပးကမႈသညး တနးဖထာရာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး က စမကနးက ဖစးေပၐလာေစသညး အႏရာယးမာမြ အပညးအဝ အကာအကျယးေပေရ အာမခေပနငးရနး ရညးရျယးသညး၈ ထ႔ပငး မတကျ ပာေသာကာလမာအၾကာ ႏႈငးယြဥးမႈမာ ပလပးရနး (ဥပမာ အေကာငးအထညးမေဖားမ ႏြငး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားစဥး အတျငး) ႏြငး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားသညး ထခကးမႈသကးသာေရ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ၏ ထေရာကးမႈ က တနးဖဖတး တျကးခကးခငးအတျကး စသတးမြတးခကးမာ ႏြငး တကးဆငးၿပ ေသျဖေပာငးလမႈမာ ေဖားထတး စစမးရနး ရညးရျယးသညး၈

လမးညျြနးသေဘာတညထာသညး ထခကးမႈေလာ႕ပါမႈ ေဆာငးရျကးမႈအစအမမာ တတကး အေကာငးအ ထညးေဖား မာက သရြနငးရနးအတျကး PMU ေဘရနးတာဆကာကျယးေရအဖျ႕က အေထျေထျ ESMP အေကာငး အထညး ေဖားခငးက ႀကၾကပးကျပးကမညးဖစးသညး၈ ႀကၾကပးကျပးကမႈက အဆငး သဆငးအတျငး ေဆာငးရျကးရနး အစအစဥး ေရဆျထာသညး၈ စမကနး လညးပတးလပးေဆာငးမႈမတငးခငး၇ စမကနး လညးပတးလပးေဆာငးစဥး အတျငး ႏြငး စမကနးလညးပတးလပးေဆာငးမႈမာ ၿပစသညးအခါတျငး ဖစးသညး၈ ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငးအစအစဥးက ႀကၾကပးခငးအာ ေအာကးပါ ကစၥမာ ခမေအာငး ေဆာငးရျကးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

ဇယာ () ၈ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကေရ ကနးရြငးမာ

စဥး အေၾကာငးအရာ ကနးရြငးမာ မစးေရ အရညးအေသျ

pH, DO, TSS, အပခနး ၇ စဆငးႏႈနး ၇ လြပးစစးစကမႈ ႏြငး and TDS, ေနာကးကမႈ ႏြငး Alkalinity

၀ စျနး႔ပစးပစၥညး အမးသစျနး႔ပစးအညစးအေၾက ႏြငး ေဆာကးလပးေရဆငးရာ စျနး႔ပစးအညစးအေၾက အပါအဝငး အစငးအခ စျနး႔ပစးပစၥညး စျနး႔ပစးသညး စနစး

၁ လပးငနးချငးကနးမာေရ ႏြငး ေဘကငးမႈ

PPE ၇ မေဘမြ လျတးရနး စျနး႔ချာမႈ ၇ အေရေပၐ အစအမ ၇ ဝနးထမးမာ တကယးေရသနး႔ရြငးေရ စသတးမြတးခကးမာ၇ ကနးမာေရ ေစာငးေရြာကးမႈ ဝနးေဆာငးမႈ ႏြငး အေထာကးအပမာ

၂ လမႈ-စပျာ အေခအေန ဝငးေငျေပာငးလမႈ ၇ အလပးရရြႏငးမႈ ၇ စမကနး ရြေနခငးေၾကာငး ေဒသခ ရပးရျာလထအတျကး သယးယပ႔ေဆာငးမႈ ကနးကစရတး ႏြငး အခနး ႏြငး မေတားတဆ ထခကးမႈ အႏရာယး

ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးအာ ႀကၾကပးမႈက ESMP မြ မညးသညးေသျဖမႈကမဆ ေတျ႕ရြမညးဆလြငး ေဘရနးတာဆကာကျယးေရအဖျ႕ ႏြငး C-3 အဖျ႕သညး DWIR Dredge Master/ ေဆာကးလပးေရဆကး ႀကၾကပးကျပးကသ တ႔နြငးအတ ဖစးပျာရသညးေၾကာငးရငးဇာစးမစးက ခကးခငးအကဖတးၿပ သငးေတားေသာ ပပငး တညးမတးသညး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ ေထာကးပေပကာ AIRBM စမကနးဒါ႐တာထ အစရငးခစာ တငးသျငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ အကယး၍ IEE (သ႔) သသနး႔ ESMP တ႔အတျငး အႏြစးခပး သတးမြတးထာခငးမရြသညး သသာ ႀကမာေသာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး (သ႔) လမႈဝနးကငး ထခကးမႈ/ဖစးရပး (သ႔) အႏရာယးမာရြလြငး PMU သညး ကမာၻ႕ဘဏးထမြ အၾကဉာဏးႏြငးအတ ESMP က ပငးဆငးမျမးမၿပ ထ ESMP က ကမာၻ႕ဘဏး ႏြငး MONREC ထ တငးသျငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

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၅.၁.၀ အစရငးခစာတငးပခငး

) ဖစးရပး အစရငးခစာ

ESMP လပးထလပးနညးမာသ႔ မကကးညမႈအပါအဝငး မညးသညး ဖစးရပးမဆ ဖစးရပးမြတးတမး တစးခ အသပၿပ မြတးတမးတငးရမညးဖစးၿပ အေသစတးအခကးမာက မြတးတမးစာရငးအတျငး ထညးသျငးရမညးဖစးသညး၈ အေရႀကေသာ (သ႔) ပငးထနးေသာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငးဆငးရာ ထခကးမႈ ဖစးေစသညး (သ႔) ဖစးေစရနး အလာ အလာရြသညး မညးသညး ဖစးရပးအတျကးမဆ Dredge Master/ Site Supervisor သညး DWIR က ခကးခငး အသေပရမညး ဖစးသညး၈ Dredge Master သညး DWIR ၏ အတညးပခကးအတငး ပငးဆငးကစာမႈ မၿပစမခငး အလပးက ရပးထာရမညး ဖစးသညး၈

ဖစးရပးမြတးတမး အစရငးခစာက ပစၿပ စာဖငးေရသာထာသညး ပစဖငး AIRBM ၏ သကးဆငးရာ အပငးက႑ ဒါ႐ကးတာထ (သ႔) DWIR ၏ တာဝနးရြေသာ အထကးအႀကအကထ အေမလး ႏြငး ဖကးစး တ႔ဖငး ပ႔ေဆာငးရမညး၈

ဿ) ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး အစရငးခစာ

The Dredge Master /ေဆာကးလပးေရဆကး ႀကၾကပးကျပးကသသညး ESMP ၏ လပးေဆာငးမႈတငးက မြတးတမး တငးၿပ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားမႈ တတကးခငး အစရငးခစာႏြငးအတ လစဥး ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး အစရငးခစာက ေရဆျ ပစရနး တာဝနးရြသညး၈ အစရငးခစာမာက DWIR ၏ ဌာနအႀကအကမာမြ တစးဆငး AIRBMP စမကနးဒါ႐ကးတာထ တငးသျငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ PMU ႀကၾကပးကျပးကေရအဖျ႕သညး အဖျ႕၏ ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးက ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကရနး တာဝနးရြၿပ ေနာကးဆကးတျ-၄ တျငး ေဖားပပါရြသညး သတးမြတးထာသညး စာရျကးစာတမး ပစက အသပၿပ လပးေဆာငးမႈမာ၏ အစ ၇ အလယးပငး ႏြငး အဆတ႔တျငး စညးကမးသတးမြတးခကး လကးနာမႈ အစရငးခစာက ေရဆျကာ စမကနးဒါ႐ကးတာ ႏြငး PMU-C3 ဒါ႐ကးတာတ႔ထ တငးသျငးရမညး ဖစးသညး၈ PMU ၏ ေဘရနးႀကတငးကာကျယးမႈဌာနသညး ေနာကးဆကးတျ-၄ တျငး ေဖားပထာ သညးအတငး စမကနးမာထမြ အလစေသာ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငးဆငးရာ ထခကးမႈမာအာ အႏြစးခပးထာသညး စမကနး သဘာဝ ပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈ ဝနးကငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး စညးကမးလကးနာမႈ အစရငးခစာက ပစေရဆျကာ တငးသျငးမညးဖစးသညး၈ ထေနာကး ၎အစရငးခစာက ကမာၻ႕ဘဏး၏ လပးငနးအဖျ႕ ႏြငး MONREC ၏ ပတးဝနးကငး ထနးသနးေရ ဥစဌာန (ECD) ႏြစးခစလသ႔ တငးသျငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ဤ အစရငးခစာမာသညး သတငးပ႔ႏငးသညး မညးသညး ဖစးရပးႏြငးမဆ သကးဆငးရာ ေနာကးထပး သတငးအခကးအလကးမာ ႏြငး စမကနး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားစဥး အတျငး သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး စျမးေဆာငးရညး ႏြငး သကးဆငးသညး အခာ သတငး အခကးအလကး ပါဝငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

၅.၁.၁ အေရေပၐတ႔ပနးမႈ အစအမ

အေရေပၐတ႔ပနးမႈ အစအမ (ERP) သညး အေထာကးအပေရယာဥးအေရေပၐ၇ ေဆဘကးဆငးရာအေရေပၐ၇ ရြာေဖျေရ ႏြငး ကယးဆယးေရ၇ သတငးပ႔ႏငးေသာ ဖစးရပးမာ ၇ ဖစးရပး သတေပခငး ႏြငး အဆကးအသျယး သတငး အခကးအလကး အတျကး ညႊနးၾကာခကးမာ ပါဝငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈

မညးသညးအေရေပၐ ဖစးရပး အမအစာမဆ Dredge Master သညး ဆကးေနရာအတျငး အလစေသာတာဝနးယ ထနးခပးမႈက ဆပးကငးရယထာမညးဖစးၿပ အေရေပၐတ႔ပနးမႈ ညႇႏႈငးေဆာငးရျကးသ - Emergency Response Coordinator (ERC) အဖစး ပမထမးေဆာငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ေသာငးတသေဘၤာအေပၐတျငး လကးပါလာ သညးသမာ အာလသညး ERC ၏ ညႊနးၾကာခကးအတငး ေဆာငးရျကးရနး လအပးမညးဖစးသညး၈ ဆကးေနရာ ႀကၾကပး ကျပးကသ/အငးဂငးနယာ သညး အေရေပၐ ဖစးရပးေပၐေပါကးသညးအခါ Dredge Master /အခာ အေရေပၐဝနးေဆာငးမႈမာ ႏြငး ဆကးသျယးေရက ထနးသမးထာမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ေသာငးတ သေဘၤာမာသညး ေဆဘကးဆငးရာ ပစၥညးကရယာမာ၇ မသတးကရယာမာ ႏြငး ဆယဖတးမႈ ကငးတျယးသညး ကရယာမာ

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အပါအဝငး အေရေပၐ ဖစးရပးမာက တ႔ပနးခငးအတျကး သေဘၤာအေပၐ တပးဆငးၿပ ပစၥညး ကရယာမာ ပါဝငးၿပ ဖစးေနပါလမးမညး၈

၅.၁.၂ နစးနာခကးတငးၾကာမႈ ေဖရြငးေရနညးလမးမာ

DWIR သညး စမကနးအဆငး နစးနာခကးတငးၾကာမႈ ေဖရြငးေရနညးလမး-Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) က ေရဆျထာပ PMU ၏ ဥေဆာငးမႈေအာကးတျငး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားမညး ဖစးကာ နစးနာခကး စမခနး႔ချမႈက ႀကၾကပးမညးဖစးသညး၈ GRM သညး အေရကစၥ သခက ခမမညးဖစးသညး၈ ) ေဘရနးႀကတငး ကာကျယးမႈ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး၈ ဿ) အလစေသာ စမကနး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး ၈ ၀) ARAP အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားခငးတ႔ ဖစးသညး၈ စမကနးအဆငး အတျငး ေဒသႏရ ႐မာ ႏြငး PMU ထမြ အေထာကးအပႏြငးအတ GRM လပးငနးစဥးမာအာ လပးေဆာငးရနး DWIR Dredge Master ႏြငး ဆကးေနရာ ႀကၾကပးကျပးကသ ၏ အခနးက႑မာ ပါဝငးမညးဖစသညး၈

စမကနးအေကာငးအထညးေဖားစဥးအတျငး ရပးရျာလထထမြ ေပၐေပါကးလာႏငးသညး စမကနးဆငးရာ မညးသညး ပပနးမႈ၇အေၾကာငးအရာက မဆ ၾကာသႏငးရနး တငးၾကာႏငးသညး အဆကးအသျယး ဖနးနပါတးမာက ေဒသခရပးရျာအသငးအဝငးသ႔ အမာပညးသ ေၾကညာသငးပနးတျငး ေၾကားငာထတးပနးထာမညးဖစးသညး၈ Dredge Master/ဆကးေနရာ ႀကၾကပး ကျပးကသ (သ႔) အငးဂငးနယာသညး တငးၾကာမႈမာက PMU C-3 ႏြငးေဘရနးတာဆကာကျယးေရအဖျ႕ တ႔၏ ကညမႈ ႏြငး အတ ကငးတျယးေဖရြငးခငးအတျကး တာဝနးရြမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ARAP အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားခငး အတျကး GRM က ARAP ေကားမတ တစးခ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးဖငး ေဆာငးရျကးမညး ဖစးၿပ ပနးလညး ေနရာခထာေရ ႏြငး ဆကးႏႊယးရာ တငးၾကာမႈမာ ႏြငး နစးနာခကးမာက ကငးတျယးေဖရြငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ေကားမတသညး သကးဆငးရာဌာနတစးခစမြ ကယးစာလြယး တစးဥစ၇ PMU မြ ကယးစာလြယးတစးဥ ႏြငး ေဒသခ ရပးရျာလထမြ ကယးစာလြယးမာ ပါဝငးမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ပ ၀၂ တျငး ပသထာသညးအတငး နစးနာခကး/ တငးၾကာမႈ တစးခက ေအာကးတျငး ေဖာ းပထာသညး ေရျ စရာမာအတငး စာဖငးေရသာထာေသာ ပစ ဖငး ဖစးေစ (သ႔) ဖနးေခၐဆၿပ ႏႈတးအာဖငး ဖစးေစ တငးသျငးႏငးသညး၈ -

) ပနာက PMU ထ တငးပခငးအတျကး တာဝနးရြသညး ေဒသခအာဏာပငး/ေဒသအတျငး DWIR ႐သ႔ ဆကးသျယးခငး၈ ( တရာဝငးနစးနာခကး တငးၾကာရနး စာရျကးစာတမးပစက သၿပ စာ/မြတးစ (သ႔) ႏႈတးမြတစးဆငး)

ဿ) နစးနာမႈက PMU သ႔ တကး႐ကးတငးပခငး ( ႏႈတးဖငးဖစးေစ (သ႔) နစးနာမႈ စာရျကးစာတမး ပစဖငးဖစးေစ)

၀) နစးနာမႈက ဆကးအငးဂငးနယာ (သ႔) Dredge Master ထ တငးပခငး၈ ထမြတစးဆငး ၎တ႔သညး PMU ထ အသေပ တငးပရနး တာဝနးရြသညး၈

တငးၾကာမႈ/နစးနာခကး တစးခက လကးခရရြသညးအခါ ၎က ေနာကးဆကးတျ-၄ တျငး ေဖားပထာေသာ သတးမြတး ထာသညး စာရျကးစာတမးပစက အသပ၍ မြတးပတငးမညး ဖစးၿပ တငးၾကာခကးက လကးခရရြၿပ ဿ၁ နာရအတျငး ေဒသခ DWIR ႐၏အေထာကးအပ ႏြငးအတ ဆကးအငးဂငးနယာ (သ႔) Dredge Master က ေဖရြငး ရမညး ဖစးသညး၈ တငးၾကာမႈ/နစးနာခကးသညး လကးရြ စမကနး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားမႈဆငးရာ လပးေဆာငးမႈမာ တကး႐ကးပါဝငးလြငး တငးၾကာမႈက ေကနပးေပလညးမႈ ရရြေစရနး ဖစးႏငးဖျယးရြသညး အခနးဇယာ အပါအဝငး ပပငးတညးမတးေရ ေဆာငးရျကးရနး အစအမက အသေပအေၾကာငးၾကာမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ေနာကးထပး စစမးစစးေဆရနးလအပးသညး အေရပါႀကမာသညး ဖစးရပး ( လေသဆမႈ (သ႔) ဆဝါသညး အန႒ာ႐မာ) တစးခ ႏြငး ဆကးႏႊယးရာ မညးသညး တငးၾကာခကးမဆ PMU C-3 အဖျ႕သ႔ ရညးညႊနးမညးဖစးသညး၈ ထေနာကး PMU C-3 အဖျ႕သညး တငးၾကာမႈက လကးခရရြၿပ ၄ ရကးအတျငး ပပငးတညးမတးေရ ေဖရြငးခကးက စစမး စစးေဆၿပ ရြာေဖျကာ ေဖရြငးခကးက အေကာငးအထညးေဖားမညး ဖစးသညး၈ ၿပလြငး ၎က မြတးခကး/ အၾကပခကးကစၥ အတျကး DWIR စမခနး႔ချေရ ႏြငး ကမာၻ႕ဘဏးထဆကးလကးၿပ တငးပမညးဖစးသညး၈

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ပ(၀၂) နစးနာခကး နညးလမး လပးငနးစဥး ဇယာ

၅.၂ ESMP ကနးကစရတးခနး႔မြနးေခ

ကနးကစရတးမာက AIRBM စမကနးက ဘ႑ာေရ ေထာကးပမညး ဆကးေနရာအတျငး ESMP အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားခငး ႏြငး ႀကၾကပးကျပးကခငးက ေစာငးၾကညးထနးေကာငးခငးအတျကး အၾကမးဖဥး ခနး႔မြနးထာသညး၈ သဘာဝပတးဝနးကငး ႏြငး လမႈဝနးကငး စမခနး႔ချမႈ ႏြငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး လပးေဆာငးမႈမာအတျကး စစေပါငး ကနးကစရတးသညး ခနး႔မြနးေခ အေမရကနးေဒၐလာ .၁၅ သနး ရြမညးဖစးၿပ ယငးပမာဏ ထတျငး ေလားေၾကေငျ မပါရြပါ၈ ထ ဖယးထတးထာေသာ ကနးကစရတးက မနးမာႏငးင အစရက ကခမညးဖစးသညး၈ ထ႔အပငး ဤ စမကနးေအာကးရြ ARAP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငးအတျကး စစေပါငး စမအပးခပးမႈဘတးဂကးက အေသစာ စမကနး တစးခခငးစ အလကးတျကးခကးမညးဖစးသညး၈ အေသစာစမကနး (Microproject) သသနး႔တစးခခငး အလကး စမကနးလပးေဆာငးမႈမာ၏ သေဘာ သဘာဝ ႏြငး ႐ႈပးေထျမႈႏြငးအတ ေလားေၾကေငျပမာဏ ကျာခာ ေသာေၾကာငး ဖစးသညး၈

ဇယာ () ၈ မစးအပငး ႔() အေသစာစမကနး (Microproject) မာ အတျကး ESMP ဘတးဂကး အေၾကာငးအရာ အေမရကနးေဒၐလာ

ပမာဏ ESMP အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး ႏြငး ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငးလပးေဆာငးမႈမာ

စမကနးမတငးမ၇ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားစဥးအတျငး ႏြငး အေကာငးအထညး ေဖားၿပေနာကး ေရ ၇ ေမဆလႊာ အရညးအေသျ ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး စမကနး အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး ( ဝနးထမးမာအာ သငးတနးေပခငး ၇ ပစၥညးကရယာ ႏြငး ကရယာ တနးဆာပလာမာ ဝယးယခငး )

၀,

ထခကးမႈသကးသာေစသညး ေဆာငးရျကးမႈမာ အေကာငးအထညးေဖားခငး ( ေရြဥသနာပ ပစၥညးစ ၇ PPE စသညးတ႔အပါအဝငး ..)

၂,

ဆကးစပးပတးသကးသမာႏြငး ေဆျေနျ လပးေဆာငးမႈမာအတျကး စမအပးခပးေရဆငးရာ ဘတးဂကး

၀၂,

PMU ေစာငးၾကညးကျပးကခငး ႏြငး ႀကၾကပးကျပးကခငး လေလဥအတျကး တညးခေနထငးစရတး ႏြငး ခရစရတး ဿ, စစေပါငးကနးချငယး ၀၂, ဖစးလာႏငးေသာအေရေပၐကစၥ( ရာခငးႏႈနး) ၀,၂ စစေပါငး ၁၅,၂ အနဆေထာငးပညးကနး ကနးကစရတး ၁၅,

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Annex-1:List of Natural Habitat and Biodiversity

Forest: Dry forests (Terminaliaoliveri, TectonahamiltonianaandAcacia catechu) and deciduous dipterocarpforest are dominant forest type found in central dry zone. Mixed deciduous forest type with Teak (Tectonagrandis) is also dominant in the periphery of central dry zone.

Mammals:Ayeyarwady river basin is the home for 300 mammal species, Numerous Endemic species such as barking deer (Muntiacusmuntjak), Eld‟s Deer (Cervuseldiithamin), rhesus macaque (Macacamulatta),Hoolock Gibbon (Bunipithecushoolock), Capped Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecuspileatus), Asian Elephant, jungle cat (Felischaus) and Asiatic jackal (Canisaureusindicus) are known to be inhabited in central dry zone of Myanmar.

Bird Species: Endemic species found in central dry zone include Hooded Treepie (Crypsirinacucullata), e), White-throated Babbler (Turdoidesgularis) and Burmese Bushlark (Miraframicroptera).Dominant water birds found in Ayeyarwady and Chindwin River are Ruddy Shelduck, Bar-headed Goose and the Small Pratincole. The Black-bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda), Yellow-breasted Bunting (Emberizaaureola) and Indian Skimmer (Rhynchopsalbicollis) are distributed along large rivers consisting of extensive sand bars of Ayeyarwady River section near Nyaung Oo.

Reptiles: About 200 species of reptiles is estimated for the whole Ayeyarwady river basin. Burmese Flap shell Turtle (Lissemysscutata) is abundant in dry zone and Burmese Star Tortoise (Geocheloneplatynota) is endemic to the dry zone of Central Myanmar.

Fish Species: 125 least concern species, 58 Data Deficient species,, 21 Vulnerable species, 19 Near Threatened species 4 endangered species are known to inhabit within Ayeyarwady/Chindwin Basin.

Fish species of Beloniformes, Cypriniformes, Osteoglossiformes, Mugiliformes, Synbranchiformes, Tetraodontiformes, Perciformes, Siluriforme and Clupeiformes are widely distributed in Ayeyarwady River at central dry zone. In fact, least concerned fish species are common species found in river section from Mandalay to Nyaung Oo.

Other aquatic species: Myanmar has 23 species of freshwater crab, in 16 genera and 2 families, out of the 173 species of freshwater crab described for the Indo Burma region. Freshwater crabs appear to be noticeably more abundant in rainforest, especially in highland regions, and fewest in lowland ecosystems. In the Ayeyarwady/Chindwin confluence area, there are 62 species of crustacea, made up of 3 Atyid shrimps, 16 Palaemonid prawns and 43 crab species. In addition to the one Vulnerable species of crab, there are 2 Near Threatened crabs, 31 Least Concern and 28 Data Deficient crustacean species, and about 105 mollusc species and 144 species of aquatic insects odonata are expected to inhabit in Ayeyarwady/Chindwin sub-basins.

Table 12 : Common Species along Mandalay to Nyaung Oo with IUCN redlist status

Mammal Species

NO Family Scientific Name Common Name IUCN

1 Cervidae Muntiacusmuntjak Barking Deer LC

2 Cervidae Cervuseldii Eld‟s Deer EN

3 Cercopithecidae Macacamulatta Rhesus Macaque LC

4 Hylobatidae Bunipithecushoolock Hoolock Gibbon VU

5 Cercopithecidae Trachypithecuspileatus Capped Leaf Monkey VU

6 Elephantidae Elephasmaximus Asian Elephant EN

7 Felidae Felischaus jungle cat LC

8 Canidae Canisaureusindicus Asiatic jackal LC

Bird Species

NO Family Scientific Name Common Name IUCN

1 Corvidae Crypsirinacucullata Hooded Treepie NT

2 Leiotrichidae Turdoidesgularis) White-throated Babbler LC

3 Alaudidae Miraframicroptera Burmese Bushlark LC

4 Anatidae Tadornaferruginea Ruddy Shelduck LC

5 Anatidae Anserindicus Bar-headed Goose LC

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6 Glareolidae Glareolalactea Small Pratincole LC

7 Laridae Sterna acuticauda Black-bellied Tern EN

8 Emberizidae Emberizaaureola Yellow-breasted Bunting CR

9 Laridae (Rhynchopsalbicollis) Indian Skimmer VU

Fish Species

NO Order Family Scientific Name Local Name IUCN

1 Beloniformes Belonidae Xenentodoncancila NgaPhaunYoe LC

2

Cypriniformes

Cobitidae Lepidocephalichthysberdmorei

Ngathalaedoe LC

3 Cyprinidae Cirrhinuscirrhosus NgaGyin) VU

4 Cyprinidae Catlacatla Nga-Hin Khan LC

5 Cyprinidae Puntiuschola Ngakhonema DD

6 Cyprinidae Cirrhinamrigala Ngagyinbyu NE

7 Cyprinidae Raiamasguttatus Ngalawar LC

8 Cyprinidae Aspidopariamorar gaphyn LC

9 Cyprinidae Salmophasiasardinella Yin PaungSar LC

10 Cyprinidae Labeoangra Nga Loo LC

11 Cyprinidae Labeocalbasu Nganetpyah LC

12 Cyprinidae Labeorohita Ngagyin LC

13 Cyprinidae Labeoboga Ngalu LC

14 Cyprinidae Osteobramaalfrediana Ngaphanma LC

15 Cyprinidae Osteobramacotio Ngaphanwine LC

16 Clupeiformes

Clupeidae Tenualosailisha Nga-tha-lauk LC

17 Clupeidae Gudusiavariegata Ngalabi LC

18

Siluriformes

Chacidae Chacaburmensis Ngakyaukphar LC

19 Siluridae Wallagoattu Nga Bat LC

20 Siluridae Ompokbimaculatus Nganuthan LC

21 Bagridae Mystuscavasius Ngazinyaingbyu NE

22 Bagridae Mystusaor Nga-gyaung LC

23 Bagridae Mystusvittatus NgaZinYaing LC

24 Schilbeidae Siloniasilondia Ngamyin LC

25 Sisoridae Gagatacenia Ngathanchake LC

26 Sisoridae Bagariusbagarius Ngamaungma LC

27

Perciformes

Ambassidae Parambassisranga NgaZinZat LC

28 Anabantidae Anabas testudineus Ngapyaema LC

29 Belontiidae Colisalabiosus Ngaphyithalet LC

30 Channidae Channastriatus Ngayant LC

31 Channidae Channaorientalis Ngayantgaungdoe

LC

32 Gobiidae Glossogobiusgiuris Kathaboe DD

33 Sciaenidae Nibeasoldado Nga Poke Thin NE

34 Cichlidae Oreochromissp Tilapia LC

35 Osteoglossiformes

Notopteridae Notopterusnotopterus Ngaphe LC

36 Mugiliformes Mugilidae Rhinomugilcorsula Ngazinlone LC

37 Synbranchiformes

Mastacembelidae

Mastacembelusarmatus Ngamwenagar LC

38 Tetraodontiformes

Tetraodontidae etraodoncutcutla Ngaputin LC

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Annex-2: Initial Stage Public Consultations

1. Introduction

Consultations for potential microprojects along Stretch 1 were carried out at five representative village tracts. The consultations for this Stretch 1 general IEE was carried out together with village level consultations for the ESA (Environmental and Social Assessment) which has been engaged by the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM) to identify key environmental and social values, and uses of the Ayeyarwady River.

The objectives of village tract/village level consultations is to inform the concerned communities about current navigation constraints in their specific region and potential microprojects and to address communities‟ concerns and key issues related to navigation constraints along Stretch 1.

2. Key Notes from Consultations

Key Notes for Village Level Consultations at Let Saung Yu Village

Location : Let Saung Yu Community Hall

Date : 26th July 2017

No of Participants : 152

Questions/Perceptions/ Suggestions/Recommendations

Village Head of MyayNguinformed that there was steep sided erosion happened in the western part of village due to river flow direction heading toward the village. Therefore, steep slope of the bank is causing difficulties during river water pumping to irrigate dry season cultivation. With regard to this issue, the Village Head questioned whether any gryone (or) dredging activities will be carried out not.

One participant questioned whether the potential projects can cause erosion impacts or not.

It was suggested to extend the length of existing stone filled gryone till the current sandbar or to construct series of gryone at downstream of Sagaing Bridge in order to solve navigation constraints in that area.

Potential sandbar formations at north of Pone Nar Chan Village and Let Saung Yu Village was recognized this year, and therefore, the sandbar may deflect the river current toward the Pone Nar Chan Village increasing bank erosion potential. Thus, it was requested to manage those natural sand bars by dredging equipment.

Key Notes for Village Level Consultations at Let Ka Pin Village

Location : Let Ka Pin Community Hall




Last 50 years ago, the distance from the village to bank was about 1500 ft but in current situation, no enough farmland is left and itwasalreadyrelocated for three times due to river bank erosion Pagoda near the bank was destroyed by river bank erosion and it was rebuilt in 1993.But bank erosion is was threatening again and about 10 households near the bank had to be evacuated in 2016. So it will be good if river bank protection works could be done for the village.

The village suffered terrible flood during 1971, 2007 and 2014 and it was request to survey big gully in the river bed and its depth is prominent even in dry season.

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Key Notes for Village Level Consultation at Si MeeKhone Village

Location : Si MeeKhone Community Hall


No of Participants : 92 participants


To enforce the vessels to comply with draught limitations in order to avoid disturbance on river navigation route by vessels carrying over limited draught

To regulate enormous extraction of sand and gravel near Yandabon village.

To regulate and permit sand mining activities because sand mining activities during September and October is causing river planform changes.

To continue recent river maintenance activities near Si MeeKhone at which reverse eddies are currently forming.

To undertake navigation enhancement of this new navigation route, so that the sandbar can be developed in front of their village relieving bank erosion risks and this newly established navigation route across the sandbar will become more accessible by allowing the ships passing through this new route.

Sandbar formation induced by gryone installations for NganMyar river pumping projects is considered to be one possible factor of causing poor navigation and bank erosion at Si MeeKhone village and consequently, affects river morphology of the river near Si MeeKhone.

To construct the gryone with heading direction from Shwepaukpin toward the Let pan rocks.

Currently NganMyar, ShwePauk pin and Myaung waterway became difficult to access, so it is requested to dredge upper part of NganMyar waterway

Key Notes for Village Level Consultation at Kokkohla Village

Locations : Kokkohla Village Community Hall

Date : 1st August 2017



To suggest KyunNyoGyi bank protection project become more transparent

To cooperate with other departments for careful identification and setting up of potential gravel extraction sites while gravel extraction causing bank erosion problems.

Try to engage and acquire supports from townships along the stretch so that navigation enhancements activities can be effectively implemented.

Villages situated at southern side of river had suffered bank erosion when river planform changes were happened by Pakokku Bridge. Thus, main navigation route was desired to be reoccupied along Nyaung Oo bank side so that bank erosion can be relieved. And therefore, it is requested to continue dredging of Sandbar near Pakokku Bridge.

Key Notes for Village Level Consultation at Myinkabar Village

Locations : Ordination Hall, Manuha Temple

Date : 2ndAugust 2017

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One participant questioned about the amount of interest rate for the loan borrowed from World Bank.

To cooperate with other concerned departments rather than individual departments for effective environmental conservation.

To construct long-term structures because small scale projects are not cost-effective

For the long-term benefits, river navigation enhancement should be carried out staring from upstream rather than middle stretch of the river.

To carry out public consultations frequently.

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Annex-3: List of Dredging Equipments

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Annex-4: Code of Practice for Dredging and Dredged Material Management

1. Introduction

DWIR, with support of the World Bank, is leading an effort to incorporate environmental and social considerations into their operations. DWIR has piloted the incorporation of environmental and social considerations into maintenance operations in a number of small-scale projects. This Code of Practice (COP) is developed using the experiences and lessons learned from such pilot projects.

Cost-effectiveness measures for minimizing significant environmental impacts at and near dredging and disposal sites and monitoring have been proposed in this COP. In addition, a new process for consideration of dredging proposals is outlined. It represents a new step towards better control of the impacts of dredging by DWIR. Further improvements to this code of practice will be conducted base on further advances in operation technology, lessons learned and understanding of the major impacts. This COP will be applicable for all the types of dredging required in a river environment with some variations to meet the needs of the local environment, and the stakeholders affected.

2. Objective and Scope

Dredging is necessary for creating and maintaining a navigable depth in the river channel for safe trading and public transportation. However, dredging has the potential for significant environmental impacts. Therefore, recognizing the need for safe navigation, DWIR aims at leading in management of environmental risks associated with dredging and designing a properly assessed and managed dredging operation to protect and preserve the river environment. A series of practices for minimizing dredging impact is set out and gradually incorporated into the operations starting with maintenance operations and in a particular stretch of the river (Stretch 1). The practice encompasses site selection, technology choice, key operating parameters and procedures, contingency arrangements and monitoring aspects. Following this, DWIR plans to continue with a pilot project, gather lessons learned and expand E&S management into a wider set of operations (e.g. dredging of polluted materials) and other stretches of the Ayeyarwady.

3. Environmental Controls

DWIR has developed a management system to be applied in the preparation of dredging programs to control the environmental issues associated with any dredging projects, which varies with the magnitude, duration and extent of the operation. The management system aims to avoid and mitigate the adverse impacts from dredging. DWIR will–

design the location and profile of navigation channel (i.e. width, depth of channel) to reduce subsequent maintenance dredging

conduct the dredging and disposal activities at a time of the year that avoids impacts to sensitive species

select the most effective dredging and equipment specifically to reduce plume extent and the duration of dredging using key criteria

formulate management plans are within the thresholds to minimize ecological impacts

4. Criteria for Selection of Dredge Program

The value and status of surrounding environments are key considerations for designing and implementing dredging programs. Myanmar‟s river ecosystem is of vital importance to maintaining the river health, fauna breeding and nurseries as well as food security and livelihood of the country. These areas regarded as sensitive areas include wetlands, floodplains and swamps. The presence of sensitive environment along the Ayeyarwady river influences dredging design, timing and material placement options available. To comply with environmentally sustainable development policies, therefore, DWIR requires careful evaluation to be undertaken to determine the best options of dredgers and locations for dredged material disposal.

DWIR has been operating maintenance dredging activities with its own dredging equipments since 1972. Different types of dredgers have being used including 11 cutter suctions, 3 backhoes, 1 trailer and 1 grab type dredger for navigation channel maintenance countrywide.

Selection of a dredger type is mainly determined based on the following factors:

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1) Physio-chemical properties of riverbed materials

2) Location of the Project

3) Availability of the equipment and costs

4) Physical environment at dredging and disposal site

3) Distance to proper disposal site

In addition, the production rate relative to levels of turbidity generated, project duration, background levels of suspended sediment and contamination levels will all be considered in the evaluation of the dredgers.

Therefore, the appropriate dredger type will be selected for each specific case following the guidance in the table below, which has been formulated based on existing DWIR equipment. The preliminary evaluation for Stretch-1 divides the dredging operation into two categories based on the riverbed materials:

i. Channels with the presence of sand, silt and clay

ii. Channels where rocks are found

The broader description of the methodology for dredger selection will be included in the maintenance operation guideline of DWIR.

Table 13: Guidance on selection of appropriate dredges for maintenance dredging

Sub criteria Cutter Suction Backhoe Trailing Suction Grab

Bed Material (grain size distribution in mm)

Fine and Medium Sand 3 2 3 2

Coarse sand 3 3 3 2

Loose silt 3 2 3 2

Cohesive silt 3 2 3 3

Weak rock 3 3 N N

Gravel 3 3 3 3

Quantities (m3)

<60,000 2 3 3 3

<120,000 3 2 2 2

<250,000 3 2 1 1

>270,000 3 1 1 1

Site Location (area)

Port area 1 3 3 2

Narrow and confined area

1 2 1 3

Heavy Traffic condition 2 2 3 2

1= marginal, 2= acceptable, 3= suitable, N=Not suitable

Ideally, CSDs will have the least impact on turbidity at the dredging site and trailers also produce similarly low turbidity when used in no overflowing conditions. Grab dredgers and trailers generate significantly higher turbidity throughout the water column near the dredging site than do CSDs. However, during disposal, CSDs create more suspension of sediments by mixing with high pressure from the pump than grab dredgers. Therefore, CSDs may be preferred where the vicinity of the dredge site is particularly sensitive, while a grab dredge may be favored for the sensitive vicinity of the disposal site. For the dredging of contaminated sediments, a CSD may cause a major handling problem at the discharge point due to the large amount of water content with the sediment

5. Selection Criteria for Disposal Methods

The satisfactory measures are required for dredged material disposal and it must be determined during the project design phase. There are several options for disposal of dredged material which varies with the physical/chemical/biological characterization of dredged material.

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Physicalcharacteristics of sediments will be evaluated to determine potential environmental impact and the need for chemical and/or biological testing as the first step for consideration of suitable disposal options. Therefore, DWIR will carry out the basic physical characteristics such as particle size distribution of sediment to be dredged out and specific gravity of solid.

DWIR will, then, make a decision for the requirement of further chemical test using the criteria such as the distance from pollution sources, physical characteristics of sediment and geological composition of sediments.

The test form chemical characterization will be exempted if the dredging work is meeting as below:

1) If dredging site is far away from existing and historical pollution sources ( such as upstream mining zones and heavy industrial zones) or It can provide reasonable assurance that the dredged material has not been contaminated recently.

2) If dredged material is composed predominantly of sand, gravel and/or rock, or dredged material is composed of previously undisturbed geological materials.

3) If the dredging site is confidently away from the high sensitivity aquatic biodiversity zone (i.e.protected area, presence of endangered species etc.,) and has unlikely to cause any effects on the aquatic species.

In general, DWIR primarily apply two type of disposal options:1) at river placement and 2) land based placement for Beneficial uses upon requests. DWIR will select the placement into the open water course if the dredging and dredged material meets one of the above criteria. Placement on land is preferable where dredged material is believed to be contaminated or dredging site is close to the proximity of pollution source and when fine sediments are likely to impact sensitive environments.

6. Assessment Methodology for Disposal Site

Selection of the proper site for dredged material placement is of great importance in dredging operations. DWIR selects the site for placement based on the following criteria during the project design phase.

Physical characteristics of the site i.e. river flow velocity, depth and river bed material types, site capacity

Ecological characteristics i.e. presence of key habitats, coral reefs, sea grasses and rocky reefs, etc;

Social characteristics i.e. usage for livelihood and transportation, presence of cultural heritage and religious infrastructures

Economic and operational feasibility e.g. distance to the site, travelling time and fuel consumption

To objectively select the sites for dredged material, the potential sites will be quantitatively assessed using the criteria indicators to describe the technical and economic merits of each site, and the likelihood of social or environmental (ecological) impacts. Scoring on the indicators is based on an ordinal scale. Each potential disposal site will be weighted to sum to one within their respective Indicator Group (Technical, Economic, Ecological and Social Impacts), so that each Group is equally weighted in the assessment. Scores will then be summed to select the best site(s).T he Project will select the preferred site by applying the formula below.

Unweighted Scores Group Indicator Scoring DS1 DS2 DS3

Technical Total Absorption Capacity 1 (low), 2 (Medium), 3 (High)

Economic Construction/logistic Cost 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Technical Technical Sustainability 1 (low), 2 (Medium), 3 (High)

Ecological Fisheries Impact 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Ecological Threats to Potential Critical Habitats 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Social Impact on Livelihoods (Fisheries & Agriculture) 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

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Social Impact on access to livelihoods 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Ecological Duration of ecological Impact 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Standardised to number of indicators

Group Indicator Scoring DS1 DS2 DS3

Technical Total Absorption Capacity 1 (low), 2 (Medium), 3 (High)

Economic Construction/logistic Cost 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Technical Technical Sustainability 1 (low), 2 (Medium), 3 (High)

Ecological Fisheries Impact 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Ecological Threats to Potential Critical Habitats 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Social Impact on Livelihoods (Fisheries & Agriculture) 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Social Impact on access to livelihoods 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Ecological Duration of ecological Impact 1(High), 2 (Medium), 3(low)

Intermediate calculation Group DS1 DS2 DS3

Technical

Economic

Social

Ecological

Weighted standardised indicators Group DS1 DS2 DS3

Technical

Economic

Social

Ecological

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Annex - 4: Environmental Code of Practice For Dredging and ConstructionWorks

Best practice involves minimizing the impacts at and near the dredging and disposal sites. DWIR has adopted the Environmental Code of Practice for Dredging and reproduced below and will be committed to continuous improvement through a quality management approach. The persons directly in charge of the proposed Microproject will be the Project Engineer and the Dredge Masterwho will also be the Health and Safety Control Officer (HSO).

a. Minimise the Need for Dredging and Spoil Disposal

The proposed amount of dredging must be justified. As dredging is also costly, dredging proponents usually have a strong economic incentive to minimize dredging. A satisfactory means of disposal of spoil from dredging must be determined before the works are approved. Erosion in catchments is a major source of sediments that must eventually be dredged from rivers. All recognize that controls on inputs from catchments are largely outside the control of dredging proponents, but all options to reduce inputs should be explored.

Any increase in the depth and width of channels should be justified. The amount of dredging and the volume of spoil also depend on the width and profile of channels. In this case, namely shipping channels, these are determined by Classification Standards. The depths and widths of channels maintained for small vessels must also be justified in terms of the needs of the local boating community. Where there is evidence that realignment of a channel would reduce the need for maintenance dredging, this option will be investigated.

b. Beneficial Use of Spoil

Whenever possible, dredge spoil should be treated as a resource. At an early stage in the planning of each dredging project, any beneficial uses that may be appropriate for the spoil should be identified. To date, beneficial uses that have been found for spoil include land reclamation for port development, construction material, raising the level of residential land. In general, coarse grained sediments are suitable for a wide range of beneficial uses, but fine-grained dredge material may only be suitable for lightweight structures that require only weak foundations. Contaminated spoil is not suitable for many beneficial uses. Logistical factors that need to be considered include distance between the dredging project and the proposed beneficial use, site accessibility, dredging equipment required versus equipment required to transport material to site, size of project versus size of disposal site or beneficial use, and the compatibility of timing between the needs of the beneficial use and the need for dredging. Where disposal is to land, there must be a site near the dredge site suitable for sediment dewatering where the high salt content of the sediment and leachate will not cause other environmental problems.

c. Timing of Dredging

If possible, dredging should occur when the environment is least vulnerable. Dredging in particular seasons may have impacts on aquaculture operations and fish communities. Impacts on other biota can be minimized by careful timing of dredging.

d. Optimise Dredging and Disposal Methods

The dredging and disposal methods selected often have a very large effect on the environmental outcome of a dredging proposal. Methods chosen affect:

the physical effects of spoil (spoil fluidity, spoil ground stability; area impacted by spoil);

the effects of sediment contamination (confinement of contaminated spoil, material handling problems with contaminated spoil); and

water quality (turbidity, contaminant release).

The type of dredge chosen for the work should be justified for each project, particularly those involving fine or contaminated sediments. The work method chosen is often the key decision as far as the cost and the environmental outcomes of a dredging project are concerned; it should therefore be taken with some care. In large dredging projects, there is often greater flexibility in choice of method, as dredges must normally be brought from overseas. In addition to any other environmental standards, the proponent‟s preferred dredging method(s) and disposal method(s) should be discussed.

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The most appropriate disposal site depends on both environmental impacts and costs. The degree of contamination is a major factor in site selection, as is the impact on the disposal site and the likely cumulative impacts of its continued use. The three broad alternatives are:

disposal back into the river

disposal in bank enclosures

disposal to land.

Near-bank enclosures are considered as a means of dewatering sediment prior to land disposal. Land disposal is preferable where spoil is seriously contaminated, and when fine sediments are likely to impact sensitive marine environments. When chemical contaminants exceed the low screening level, and toxicity, an assessment of the costs and benefits of a range of disposal options, including land disposal may be required. When chemical contaminants exceed the maximum screening level, DWIR will be required to assess the costs and benefits of a range of disposal options, including land disposal. For land disposal to be practical when using a cutter suction dredge, a site must be available and meet the following requirements:

Occur within approximately 4km;

Have little value in its existing state;

Be able to be secured so that quicksand-like properties of fine sands present no safety risks.

Be acceptable to remain in a degraded state for up to 12 months if not becoming submerged;

Be sited so that it is practical for the water to be discharged back into the river;

Be acceptable to the informed public (considerable consultation with those parties that may be affected is necessary).

e. Noise Reduction

Because of the high potential for noise to affect riparian population, management should give high priority to liaising with the local community so that it can be aware of, and resolve, noise issues. The disturbing effects of noise depend on the level of the noise and its character, such as tones, intermittency, etc. Higher-frequency tones are more disturbing than lower-frequency tones. Lower frequency tones are not easily controlled and can penetrate houses. Noise can cause physical and psychological stress in both employees and riparian population. Noise may also disturb animals, but the extent of disturbance is difficult to estimate.

Major noise sources may be:

engine noise

generators

opening and closing gates

radios

reverse warning devices.

Noise abatement can often be achieved by relatively simple measures, such as:

fit efficient muffling devices to all engines

locate noisy equipment away from potential sources of conflict or behind sound barriers

use enclosed generators

position access and exit points away from sources of conflict

use optical alarms in preference to audible alarms.

Limit operations to between 7 am and 6 pm if other noise mitigation measures are inadequate, and if the riparian community is complaining.

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f. Occupational Health and Safety Control For Dredging Operation

Dredging activities are considered hazardous and risky. Accident can happen and workers who are not trained, do not wear protective clothing or who are not prepared well are more vulnerable, and can become victims of accidents.

The person in charge here will be the Dredge Master.

i. Directly related to the Work Force

DWIR shall:

Ensure that the HSO and assistants must be present in the project area at all times;

The HSO will supervise occupational safety every day.

Provide information and training session about labor risks to the workers by DWIR;

Prohibit use of illegal drugs/alcohol on board;

Any problem that occurs must be solved and recorded by the HSO;

Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect worker health and safety such as hardhat, goggles, gloves, insulated shoes, steel-toed boots, eyes protection glasses (for welders), toxic/dust face mask, respirators for construction workers and enforce their use. DWIR will ensure the workers wear the adapted protection equipment and know how to use them. Priority is given to collective protection means when possible;

Safety rules/recommendations will be permanently screened on board and explained to the workers. Regularly training session must be organized;

Ensure that all equipment, vehicles operating in the construction should be registered and have operational permits. DWIR should ensure all vehicles are functional and maintained regularly.

Electricity plugs used outdoor need to be water-resistant and splash-proof;

In case of heavy rain, difficult working conditions, bad visibility or an emergency situation, the operators will suspend all work.

In case of working at night, the contractor will install the lights;

Ensure to have the following types of insurance:

o Insurance for all risks in construction

o Insurance for laborers

o Insurance for responsibility of the third party

o Insurance for vehicles, equipment

ii. Related to the Vessel and Equipment

DWIR shall:

Set up regular maintenance and repair schedules for equipment and implement as required;

Regularly check technical and operational specifications of all machinery, both directly and indirectly taking part in activities;

Ensure that any lifting equipment and cranes should be located on the ground with solid structure or on a floating system with sufficient pressure bearing capability, be stable and be anchored by a firm anchoring system.

Ensure that transferring, handling and storage of equipment and supplies should be conducted carefully during construction; ensuring items are able to bear weights and are not affected by components under construction or still to be built.

Ensure that electricity cables serving construction and residential quarters must be located in appropriate locations, unaffected by working equipment. At working locations, ground wire and automatic circuit breakers must be installed. Electric cables must be sized to provide

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sufficient handling capacity. Joints of electric cables must be appropriately joined and sealed with insulated waterproof materials. Electric equipment must have signs, ground wire and appropriately shielded;

Use waterproof/outdoor plugs and lights;

National certificates (safety construction, safety equipment, load lines, ship safety, safe manning, etc.) for inland waterway vessels for class, tonnage, construction and equipment must be on board and must be valid;

Crew certificates must be on board and must be valid;

Life–saving appliances (life buoys, life jackets, etc.) must be in a good state, sufficient quantity and accessible according to national regulations;

Complete system of life-saving appliances must be fully checked before the dredging operations;

Fire-fighting equipment (fixed and portable fire extinguishers, fire hoses, fire hydrants, fire boxes, fire alarms, fire pumps, muster list, etc.) must be in a good state, sufficient quantity and accessible according to national regulations;

Complete system of fire-fighting equipment must be fully checked before the dredging operations;

Where applicable have smoking requirements, "No smoking" signs, are posted and well known by crew. Designated areas are known;

There are no slippery surfaces on deck and in the engine room;

The lights on deck and in the engine room provide sufficient light for safely working on deck and in the engine room;

Executing hot works (like welding) must be planned in advance, with permission;

Executing hot work in enclosed spaces need special attention from the responsible officer;

Stairs, handrails or walkways are in satisfactory conditions;

All manholes are fully bolted;

There is a bilge alarm available and in good working order;

Bilge in the engine room is not full and contains no or only small amounts of oil or sludge;

There is evidence that bilges are NOT pumped overboard;

There is a main fuel emergency stop;

Emergency exits are clearly marked;

The engine room alarm is available and in good working order

Main and auxiliary machinery are satisfactory. Propulsion engines and generators are well maintained;

Steering gear satisfactory;

Anchor winches and mooring ropes in good condition;

The general alarm is available and works properly;

The vessel is equipped with an emergency steering device and instructions how to switch over from normal to emergency steering;

Emergency Preparedness is there: musters, exercises, equipment ready in case of man-over board, fire, grounding, pollution, collision, abandon ship, etc.

iii. Workers Health Management

DWIR shall:

Provide appropriate information and education to the workforce on basic personal hygiene;

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Provide periodical health check to construction workers to ensure their health and well-being, and avoid possible transfer of disease including respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis, or STDs such as HIV/AIDS;

Before the operations, identify the local clinics to evacuate the victims to when accidents happen. Ensure a speedboat is close at hand to bring the victim to the shore.

Provide basic first aid services to the workers as well as emergency facilities for emergencies for work related accidents including medical equipment suitable for the personnel, type of operation, and the degree of treatment likely to be required prior to transportation to hospital;

Replace expired medicines and supplement new ones;

Ensure there is plenty of drinking water, and of good quality, check every 2 days;

Provide adequate sanitary facilities including bathrooms, toilets (with septic tank) for the workers at the construction site and on board the dredgers.;

Include a Pest Control for the construction areas, including construction work camp;

Ensure correct maintenance of water and water treatment plants to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes.

iv. Work Force and Workers Camp

DWIR shall:

Be encouraged to hire local labor to carry out simple manual works

Not hire children;

Register the temporary residence of the engineer and workers with the local authority;

Whenever possible, rent houses nearby. Otherwise, suitable accommodations will be provided for the workforce. Workers' camps will be located at appropriate areas away from villages, and schools;

Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage;

Provide potable water safe for human consumption at camps, site offices, and other areas;

Provide a medical and first aid facilities and first aid boxes in each camp site;

Make available hygiene facilities in the camps;

Not allow cutting of trees for any reason outside the camp site;

Not allow hunting, fishing, wildlife capture;

Not allow use of firearms (except authorized security guards);

Not allow use of illegal drugs

Not allow doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas:

Not allow disposing trash in unauthorized places;

Not allow driving in an unsafe manner in local roads;

Ensure that the land will be returned to the public or landholder who can then resume the former productive use of the land. As such, the contractor should remove all equipment, structures, rubbish and obstructions and restore the land to its condition prior to use for construction. The contractor will also be responsible to repair the damages;

j. Waste Management

The crew and shore personnel should be made aware of the consequences of pollution, the importance of pollution prevention, the necessity of garbage disposal ashore and the need to separate the garbage. Compliance of the vessel with local regulations regarding waste disposal should be verified on board.

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On a ship, oil leaks from engine and machinery spaces or from engine maintenance activities and mixes with water in the bilge, the lowest part of the hull of the ship. Oil, gasoline, and byproducts from the biological breakdown of petroleum products can harm fish and wildlife and pose threats to human health. Even in minute concentrations, oil can kill fish or have various sub-lethal chronic effects. Bilge water also may contain solid wastes and pollutants containing high amounts of oxygen-demanding material, oil and other chemicals. Different studies have indicated that about 1 % of the daily marine diesel oil consumption leaks in the bilges of the engine room of the barges and mixes up with water, the so-called bilge water or sludge.

The Project Engineer or Dredge Master should explain the different methods for dealing with waste and motivate crew and shore personnel to cooperate.

DWIR shall:

Ensure that the bilge content from the engine room should be pumped over to a sloptank or other means, which should then be pumped ashore to a reception facility. In a typical vessel, the main sources of contamination in bilge water and bilge holding tanks include:

Sludge from decanting/bottom draining storage and sludge tanks. Lube oil and fuel oil purification (oily water);

Fuel oil storage and settling tanks (oily water);

Lube oil and fuel oil filtration (oil);

Machinery leakages;

Condensate from air compressors and compressed air systems;

Equipment and engine-room washing;

Some or all of these contaminants can be present in the bilge at any time. Solvents, detergents, and soot are often found after equipment cleaning in machinery spaces. Iron oxide particles and biological are common in older ships (leaking pipes, rusting equipment and hull) or when bilge treatment systems have not been operated regularly.

Ensure that dangerous and hazardous goods such as diesel oil and gasoline are stored properly and have warning signs;

Post prohibition signs for waste disposal into the river;

Put garbage bins at various relevant locations on board;

Put oil drums to collect used oil and other harmful liquids and make provisions to limit the impact of (small) oil spills resulting from leaks;

Dispose hazardous wastes in authorized disposal facilities;

All construction waste in the site will be collected in bins and will be transported to the designated garbage sites at least twice per week;

Domestic waste shall be transported to the approved refuse disposal site in covered containers or trucks;

Metal waste could be collected by a contract buyer;

Areas designed for fuel transfer (truck to vessel) for bunkering or cargo operations, or considering waste, require additional provisions and equipment to prevent oil spills including drip trays, drums with lids to collect oil contaminated rags, contaminated saw dust as well as drums to collect small amounts of cargo (gasoline, oil) that ends up in the drip tray when connecting or disconnecting the cargo hose.

k. Carriage and Handling of Dangerous Goods

DWIR shall:

Ensure the Dangerous Goods are in a place that can be located so that management and/or security personnel may keep them under continuous observation;

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Dangerous goods cargo areas should be in a separate area from all necessary facilities and appropriate to the hazards emanating from the cargoes that are stored. Where appropriate these facilities should include separate ventilation, drainage, fire resistant walls and ceilings.

Dangerous cargo areas should be so constructed that in case of emergency, adequate access is provided for handling equipment, emergency services, etc.

Adequate emergency facilities should be provided. These facilities should be appropriate to the hazards of the dangerous cargoes to be stored/handled.

Special areas for damaged dangerous cargoes and waste contaminated with dangerous goods should be provided. These areas should be covered, have a sealed floor or ground, separate drainage systems with shut-off valves, sumps or basins and means to discharge contaminated water to special facilities in order to safeguard the port area and the environment.

The port operator should ensure that areas where packaged dangerous goods or cargo transport units are kept are properly supervised and all packages and cargo transport units are regularly inspected for leakage or damage. Any leaking package or CTU should only be handled under supervision of a responsible person.

All cargo handling equipment for dangerous goods should be of an approved type, properly maintained and tested in accordance with national requirements.

Adequate lighting should be provided to all areas and access ways where dangerous goods are stored or handled.

l. Public Health and Safety Management

Public health impacts are mainly generated during the dredging/excavating activities. In general, the dredging/excavating will generate suspended materials, dust and noise, can cause harmful effects on health safety of local communities, and could hinder ongoing river transport. The steps below need to be followed, and planned well in advance.

The persons in charge will be the Health and Safety Officer, and Medical Service Provider, assisted by a Communications Officer.

DWIR shall:

Provide periodical health check to construction workers to ensure their health and well-being, and avoid possible transfer of disease including respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis, or STDs such as HIV/AIDS;

Dredgers shall be off-limits to non-workers, warning signs shall be conspicuously posted along the site periphery;

Disposal sites of dredged material shall be off-limits to people.

m. Public consultation

It is essential that the DWIR agents discuss the dredging proposal with all parties in the surrounding communities, as early as possible. It is important for the agency to recognize the need to consult with people most likely to be affected, whether or not they have been asked to give formal notice and/or consult with these people by the responsible planning authority. Effective public consultation takes time, so proponents should ensure that in planning dredging works that a minimum is allocated for consultation. More precise instructions are included in the Public Health and Safety Management (incl. Community Relations).

i. Public Consultation and Community relations

Stakeholder consultations will adhere to the following guidelines:

1) Stakeholder Identification and Analysis: Invest time in identifying and promoting stakeholders and assessing their interests and concerns.

2) Information Disclosure: Communicate information to stakeholders early in the decision making process in ways that are meaningful and accessible, and continue this communication throughout the project life.

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3) Stakeholder Consultation: Plan out each stakeholder consultation process, consult inclusively, document the process, and communicate follow-up.

4) Negotiation and Partnerships: For complex issues enter into good faith negotiations that satisfy the interests of all parties, add value to mitigation measures or project benefits by forming strategic partnerships.

5) Grievance Management: Establish accessible and responsive means for stakeholders to raise concerns and issues about the project throughout its life.

6) Stakeholder Involvement in Project Monitoring: Involve directly affected stakeholders in monitoring project impacts, mitigation and benefits and involved external monitors where they can enhance transparency and credibility.

7) Reporting to Stakeholder: Report back to stakeholders on environmental, social, and economic performance, including both those consulted and those with a more general interest in the project.

8) Management Functions: Build and maintain sufficient capacity within the project to manage the process of stakeholder engagement, track commitments, and report on progress.

Further reference: Stakeholder Engagement: A Good Practice Handbook, IFC 2007.

DWIR shall:

Maintain open communications with the local communities;

Disseminate project information to the communities (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before dredging commencement;

Inform local residents about dredging and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic management routes as appropriate;

Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on the site activities;

Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public;

Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the project progresses, and respond in a timely and accurate manner;

Limit construction activities at night.;

Inform the community at least a week before the works starts if the pipe installation work could cause disruption to existing infrastructure, resources or public services. When the dredging is completed, the contractor will restore all positions;

Notify the users of river water for drinking, agriculture and aquaculture activities of the land surrounding the project site at least a week before dredging and address any concerns to satisfy the requirements of supervision;

ii. Interaction with Ongoing Shipping Activities

Dredging is taking place in a busy shipping route. Therefore, navigation of the ongoing traffic should not be disturbed or endangered. Certain preparations and procedures need to be followed.

The persons in charge will be the Project Engineer and Dredge Master.

DWIR shall:

Place warning signs for speed limit, before and after dredging area and traffic adjustment;

Installation of signage for dredging operations;

Carefully check the anchor system of floating equipment and vessels and signal systems such as floating beacons, signs, and signal lights both on the river and on shore;

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Ensure that other vessels do not moor alongside the dredge or close to the site works during the course of construction;

Identify the boundaries of the dredging site and install appropriate signage. On the river side, appropriate signs and navigation aids should be placed to define the navigation channel area and ensure navigation safety. It is critical to keep vehicles or shipping from entering the construction area, interfering with construction activities or endangering workers.

Coordinate with the Inland Waterways Administration, provincial Ministries of Transport and relevant River Management Stations to ensure navigation safety in relevant areas of the river;

Ensure that shipping is not inadvertently diverted to non-navigable areas or involved in accidents;

Ensure that river traffic is controlled using buoys and lights to ensure vessels can operate safely;

Ensure that anchored vessels and other equipment do not impede passing vessels;

Ensure that the vessels must be located, with appropriate safety equipment according to current regulations and instructions.

Ensure that all barges to transport dredged materials, tug boats and other vessels related to dredging will be equipped with signal light while anchoring and moving on the river, pursuant to the rules and regulations;

Coordinate with Waterways police and River management stations to regulate traffic properly during the construction process. All vessels should strictly follow river traffic laws and regulations.

n. General Chance Find Procedure

The following procedure is to be executed in the event that archaeological material is discovered by DWIR:

All activities in the vicinity of the find/feature/site will cease immediately.

Inform immediately to the DWIR head office and PMU

Delineate the discovered find/ feature/ site to the head of local community

Record the find location and all remains are to be left in place.

Secure the area to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects.

Inform local archaeology department for the assess, record and photograph the find/feature/ site

Local archaeological department shall fill the initial chance finds report form and signed.

Undertake the consultation with local authorities and conduct the inspection to determine the appropriate course of action to take.

An on-site office and finds storage area will be temporarily provided within the site, allowing storage of any artefacts or other archaeological material recovered during the monitoring process.

The works will only be resumed once authorization has been given by the responsible authorities.

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Annex- 5:Guidelines for the Preparation of an ARAP and Eligibility Matrix

1. Introduction

World Bank Operational Policy 4.12 and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the AIRBMP requires the use of an ARAP where a small number (<200 people,) are economically or physically affected by the project. Guidance in this ToR is provided specifically for the project‟s river navigation component for which the placement of groynes, river-training or erosion protection structures, and channel dredging are the principal works to be undertaken. Overall the types of impacts foreseen in the river navigation component appear to be localized and transitory, in some cases affecting small numbers of people. In spite of making every reasonable effort to avoid impacts on people and their land and livelihoods, project works may affect land use for agriculture where access roads or temporary worksites are needed, such as for the construction of groynes and anti-erosion structures. Dredging and dredged material disposal may also affect land-based activities as well as fisheries access in submerged areas.

2. Purpose / Objectives

The purpose of an ARAP is to ensure that project impacts on land, including effects on submerged areas, which affect the livelihoods and property of people, are mitigated and compensated in a timely and effective way in compliance with World Bank OP 4.12, on Involuntary Resettlement. The key objectives are to ensure that avoidance or minimization of impacts is considered in the approach and implementation of works; that those who are affected are identified early, and that they are consulted, compensated, and provided with any other assistance needed to redress losses in income or property.

3. ARAP preparation and content

The following key tasks are to be carried out in preparation and implementation of an ARAP. These are discussed in detail:

Task 1: Census survey: the ARAP team (described in more detail in Task 5,) will prepare a census list of all persons to be affected adversely by project works. This group may include agricultural families, such as those cultivating land on flood plains in proximity to riverbank work sites; fishers who establish seasonal camps near fishing areas, or others. The census should list affected people by name, age, and gender; their home villages and contact locations. Where family groups are affected, the census should identify the household head and family members linked to the household head.

Task 2: Valuation of lost income or assets: the ARAP will describe and assess the types and duration (permanent or temporary) of impacts affecting incomes of affected people. Where crops are lost to make way for access roads or work areas, compensation is paid based on yield data for each crop and the market value of the crop. Where fishers will lose access to fishing areas, calculation of compensation is based on typical catch rates per boat type3and market prices. The ARAP team will consult with agricultural and fisheries experts to ensure that sound data are used for the estimation of lost yield and earnings. Where people have invested with materials and labor for construction of shelters or other infrastructure needed to facilitate agricultural, fishing or other activities, compensation will be paid at full replacement cost if these assets are lost. Assistance (in kind or in cash) based on time and labor costs, in lieu of compensation, is to be provided where such structures and related infrastructure can be shifted to another site.

Task 3: Consultations with affected people: It is important during the process of preparation of the census list and assessment of impacts and losses to ensure open and constructive consultation with affected people. The ARAP team will engage with affected persons to ensure their views are included in decision-making about compensation and assistance. Affected people often provide insights which help with mutually acceptable solutions and sometimes benefit from temporary employment in project works. The ARAP will document the dates and venues, individuals consulted, and salient details of consultations with affected persons.

3Typical fishing effort (Catch x Effort= CPUE).

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Task 4: Description of compensation and other assistance to be provided: The ARAP will provide a schedule or entitlement matrix showing the specific typology of impacts to be addressed, compensation amounts to be paid, and any other assistance (in cash or in kind) to be provided to affected people. The matrix will be supported by a description of the factors and values used in the calculations of compensation and determination of any other assistance to be provided.

Task 5: Implementation responsibilities and procedures for grievance redress: The project will assign a staff member to lead and manage preparation and implementation of the ARAP. The ARAP team will at a minimum include two members of which the team leader will ideally have a background in rural sociology or economics. He or she will be assisted by another team member with a technical background in agriculture or fisheries. Basic report writing skills will be required. The team leader will engage the services of relevant government departments‟ personnel to assist with specific issues related to agricultural and fisheries production and marketing in the area. The use of the services of local non-governmental organizations or community service groups is not precluded if their skills and objectives coincide with ARAP needs.

The ARAP will specify that affected persons and relevant stakeholders will be informed of the ARAP contact person and their contact co-ordinates in the event of grievances or other issues which may arise during ARAP preparation and implementation. The ARAP contact person will seek reasonable solutions and record all grievances and issues raised by affected persons. The World Bank Task Team will be informed of any grievances or difficult issues and will work with the ARAP team on solutions, if needed.

Task 6: Arrangements for monitoring and closure: The ARAP will specify follow-up actions and monitoring to be carried out to verify that compensation and other assistance was provided in advance of project works and was effective in ensuring that affected persons have successfully re-adapted and sustained their livelihoods. A short closure report confirming provision of all entitlements and identifying any significant project impact-related issues affecting sustainability of livelihoods will be prepared six months after completion of the works and provided to the World Bank Task Team.

Task 7: Timetable and budget: The ARAP will provide an implementation timetable for the above actions and a simple budget summarizing the costs of compensation, any other assistance, personnel, and logistics.

4.Eligibility Matrix

This eligibility matrix was prepared for microprojects in accordance with the guidance in RPF of

ESMF for the AIRBMP as below;

Type of losses Eligible person Entitlements Application Guidelines

Temporary loss of (access to ) Community properties (i.e. Boat stopping sites, village road)

Managing Committee affected Community properties / Head of the affected Community

Grant for relocating the site ensuring better facility

Consulting with the community including managing committee to finalize the relocation site

Temporary Loss of Agricultural Land

Legal owners of the land

Cash Compensation for the period of leasing the land

Market prices of land determined by the DWIR and relevant regional government departments

Temporary Loss of Agricultural Land

Persons with valid

lease for the land

Cash Compensation

for standing crops with

the equivalent of

market value

calculated based on

Cash at the equivalent of current market price calculated based on gross yield of previous three years

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gross yield and Cost of

leasing for the

remaining lease period

previous advance notice to be issued in time to harvest standing crops.

Permanent reduced in agricultural or pasturing land area for the structure installation

Legal owners Cash compensation at

full replacement cost

% of reduced land in terms of current market price per acre

Loss of annual and perennial crops and vegetation

Cultivator (person who planted the crop) whether owner, person with valid lease for cropping, sharecropper, etc

Cash compensation for lost annual / perennial crops / and vegetation

Cash at the equivalent of current market price calculated based on gross yield of previous three years

Loss of structures and other private assets ( irrigation

pump, tube wells)

Owners of affected structures, regardless of tenure status

Grant for reinstating

the facilities at the

proper location or cash

compensation at full

replacement cost

and assistance for

transfer

Cash at the equivalent of

market price determined

by the DWIR and

relevant regional

government departments

Temporary loss of Fish grounds and Fish Stock

(economic

displacement)

Person with valid lease from DOF, Persons without title but getting the fish at the place

Cash compensation for

lost net income for the

remaining days of

fishing license and/

or restoration

assistance to their

livelihood


market price calculated

based on gross yield for

previous three years

Loss of Houses/Structures at the sources of income ( i.e. Temporary tent at the cultivated land and at the fishing ground

Person with valid

lease from DOF,

Persons without title

but getting income

at the place

Assistance or

allowance for

relocating the

structures and

Cash compensation for

the structures


market price determined

by DWIR and the relevant

regional governmental

department

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Annex-6 : Guideline for the Preparation of Site Specific ESMP

In line with the National EIA procedure and the project ESMF,the site specific ESMP will be prepared including the following contents: 1. Project Description and Rationale This section would include a brief description of the components of the proposed project (using maps, general layout, location) , a statement of the need for it and the objectives it is intended to meet, the implementing agency, a brief history of the project, (including alternatives considered),its current status and timetable, and the identities of any associated projects. 2. Baseline Study Area This section would include the boundaries of the study area for the assessment. Evaluate and present baseline data on the relevant physical and biological and socio-economic characteristics (present of rare or endangered species; sensitive habitats)and of the study area. Include information on any changes anticipated before the project commences. 3. Impact Assessment Identify impacts which are unavoidable and elaborate the general ESMP accordingly if there are economically and ecologically important spots at the adjacent area. 4. Site Specific ESMP The site specific ESMP will be prepared including the brief project description (including update maps, photos and detail design), summary of relevant impacts and mitigation measures identified in the general ESMP and ECoPs with the detail ESMP budget and schedule as well as institutional arrangement. If there are any economically and ecologically important spots at the adjacent that did not being covered in the general ESMP and ECoPs, the issue will be considered with respect to impacts of particular in the site specific ESMP. 5. Stakeholder Consultation Stakehodler consultation will be carried out as mentioned in annex-4. The result of consultation particularly on the impacts and mitigation measures will be incorporated into the ESMP. 6. ARAP Implementation (if necessary) If temporary physical or economic displacement issue is found during the field survey and consultation, the ARAP will be implemented as described in the annex-5. 7. Information Disclosure The complete ESMP with the result of stakeholder engagement will be disclosed on the project website for each microproject before the implementation.

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Annex- 7:Tools Kit

E&S Monitoring Supervision Form

Project overview

1. Project title___________________________________________________________________

2. List of Intervention Included ( in attached with Map)

Name of Interventions Scope

(volume/length)

Date of Commencement

Implementation Team

Dredging

Wooden Groyne

3. Project Location ( in attached with Google Map)

4. Summary of the measures/action in the ESMP

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Environmental and Social Compliance

5. Status of ESMP Implementation

Table 14: Status of Environmental and Social Management for theMicroproject( in attached with supporting documents)

Parameters Issues Monitoring Measures Sampling Location Frequency of Measurement

Compliance attained (Yes/No/Partial)

River water quality

Aquatic Biodiversity

Erosion and Sedimentation


Socio-economy of local residents within the project area


Awareness Training to Staff and Workers

6. Dealing with Complaint/Concerns

This section will be carried out by consulting with the community and site workers. (please attach the photos and other relevant material)

Suggestion/Complaint List of Follow up Measures and Date of Action taken Status of Actions ( complete, partial complete, pending)

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7. Summary of Findings

8. Corrective Measure taken for any deviation from compliance with ESMP

List the corrective actions to be taken to solve the issue(s), including executing agency staff, describe explanations given and (if any) actions proposed(Provide any supporting documents and attachments, as appropriate)

9. Conclusions

No Corrective Measures Date Taken by Status

(Complete/Pending)

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Complaints Record Form

Reg No.______________________

Date of Complaint:________________________________________________________________

Complaint received by:_____________________________________________________________

Complaint made via: Telephone

Letter (attached)

In person

Other (please specify)_____________________________

1.Description of concerns and unsatisfactory performance by the Project activities or executing team

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.Description of the harm that is, or may be resulting from the Project and/or the executing agency (Provide any supporting evidence, documents and attachments, as appropriate)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.List (if known) the relevant ESMP measures, standards, regulation and law or procedures the Project failed to follow(Provide any supporting evidence, documents and attachments, as appropriate)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. If the type of complaint is not valid in the above mention type

(please go to next page)

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Subject of Complaint4:__________________________________________________________________

Name of Complainant:__________________________________________________________________________

Address:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Phone number5: _______________________________________________

Detail of Complaint:

Comments by Complaint Receive Officer:

4(Details of the complaint should be written on the next page. If there is insufficient space, attach extra sheets.)

5if complaint is filled by a representative, please request the proof of representation

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To be filled by DWIR Implementation and PMU C-3 Team

Outcome

Signed by____________________________ Date:________________________________

If the complaint is pending for more than 14 working days or requiring the follow up measures, it shall be referred to Project Director:

List of Follow up Measures and Date of Action taken : _____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Signed by___________________________________

Position:____________________________________

Closing Date:________________________________

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Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

Census Survey Form

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Name of Village No. of Population

Date of Survey Name of Household Head

Name of Interviewee List of HH member name:

NRC No.

HH Certificate (Form 10/61) 1) Yes 2) No

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Relationship with HH head

1) Wife 2) Son, daughter 3) Father, Mother 4) Father in law, Mother in law 7) Grandson, granddaughter 5) Nephew, niece 8) Grandfather, grandmother

6) Son in law, daughter in law 9) Other

Marital Status

1) Single 2) Married 3) Widow 4) Divorced 5) Other (specify)

For Education

1) No education, 2)Monastery education, 3)Primary school, 4)Middle school, 5)High school, 6)University, 7)Graduate

For Occupation and Income sources

1) Odd job 2) Daily wage 3) Daily wage – paid monthly 4) Wage – paid monthly 5) Farming rice (summer ) 6) Farming rice (monsoon) 7) Farming rice (summer&monsoon) 8) Farming (Fruit trees) 9) Farming (other trees) 10) Farming (other crops such as vegetables, fruits but not grow as trees) 11) Farming aquaculture 12) Government staff 13) Retire 14) Own business 15) Helping parent business 16) Keeping house 17) No job (18 yr old and above) 18) Dependent) 19) Other (specify)

Inventory Form for Project Affected Assets

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Ownership Category

1) Property owners, 2)Tenants, 3)Squatters, 4)Others (Please Specify)

Land Use Type

1) Residential Land, 2) Paddy Field, 3) Other Crops, 4 Pasture Land or Grazing Land, 5) Trees, 6) Vacant Land, 7) Others (Please Specify)

2) Aerial Photo or Map of Occupied Area

Loss of Access

1) Loss of Access to Agricultural land, 2) Loss of Access to Fishing ground, 3) Loss of Access to Drinking Water Resources, 4) Loss of Access to Community Asset , 5) Others (Please Specify)

Loss of Farmland and Crop

1) Type of Farmland, 2) Type of Ownership, 3) Total area of farmland, 4) Total area of affected farmland, 5) Type of affected crop, 6) Period of Cultivation/usage, 7) Affected period, 8) Average yield of crop, 9) Total Yield Acre,10) Affected Yield Acre, 11) Total Yield Amount, 12) Affected Yield Amount, 13) Average Value of Farmland, 14) Average value of crop in the market, 15) Average yearly income from agriculture, 16) Preferred Mode of Compensation(Relocation or Cash)

Loss of Residential/ Commercial Land

1) Type of Land (Residential, Commercial), 2) Type of Ownership, 3) Total Land Area, 4) Affected Land Area, 5) Preferred mode of compensation (Relocation, cash), 6) type of Loss (Temporary or Permanent), 7) others, Please specify

Loss of Structures

1) Name of Ownership, 2)Type of Structure (buildings, wells, fence, warehouse) , 3) Constructed Year, 4) Purpose of Structure usage, 5) Materials of Structures, 6) Description of any special features of structure, 7) Structure associated utilities if applicable (Kitchen, Toilet, Electricity, Water Supply), 8) Number of Floors if Applicable, 9) Affected area of Structure, 10) Total Area of Structure, 11)Preferred Mode of Compensation (Relocation or Cash),12) Number of Lost Structures, 13) Others, please specify

Loss of Livelihoods and Income

1) Type of Livelihood, 2) Major Income Source, 3) Alternative Source of Income, 4) Affected Income Source, 5) Duration of Income loss, 6), Average Income from affected Livelihood, 7) Loss of Income by affected livelihood, 8) Total Net Profit of current Income Source, 9) Preferred type of compensation (Cash, income restoration)

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Compensation agreement form

(AIRBM Project)

Compensation for affected peoples

Date: -----------------------

Ministry of Transport, Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems is implementing AIRBM Project with the credit of World Bank. DWIR is responsible for smoothness of commodities transportation and navigation of vessels along the Ayerwaddy River. DWIR will undertake the …………………………………………. as requirement. Hence, valuation of the loss of catching fish and resettlement is undertaken as follow;

Total amount of fish caught = ----------------------- viss/day

Current local fish price = -------------------------------Kyat/ Viss

Amount of lost in MMK= ---------------------------------Kyat/day

Total amount of lost for (----------) days= ---------------------------- Kyat

Cost for relocation of huts= --------------------------------------Kyat

Amount of compensation in grand total = ---------------------- kyat

Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems has provided the compensated amount of the lost that caused by dredging activities to fisherman who is household head namely ----------------------------- at the amount of -------------------------------------- Kyats (in words -----------------------------------------------------------------) was paid by --------------------------------------------------- in front of --------------------------------------, -------------------------- village.

Witness Receiver

Signature--------------------------------- Signature --------------------------------

Name ------------------------------------- Name-----------------------------------

NRC No.---------------------------------- NRC No. ------------------------------

Address------------------------------------ Address -------------------------------

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Annex- 8: Approval Letter from ECD

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ayeyarwady integrated river basin management … · သေ်...

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