avoidance of waste and recycling of construction and demolition waste
TRANSCRIPT
AVOIDANCE OF WASTE AND RECYCLING OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE
Dr K M SONI, Chief Engineer, WZ-I CPWD, Mumbai
C & D WASTE Construction and Demolition (C & D) waste is
the waste generated from construction or demolition activities of civil engineering structures. Such waste is generated from;
Roads, Footpaths, Buildings, Bridges, Flyovers, Dams, and Other similar civil engineering structures.
C & D WASTE MATERIALSIt consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable materials such as;
Bricks, stones, aggregates, Concrete, Aluminium, steel, Tiles, ceramic materials Wood, Plastic, Electric wiring, Glass, and Many more similar materials. These waste
materials are mostly heavy having high density compared to municipal waste.
C & D Debris Breakdown (US)
MSW in India
Composition of MSW in India
Preferred management of C & D waste
C & D waste in some other countries
Scotland, Denmark, Netherlands, US, Japan, Singapore, Hongkong and many other countries are recycling C & D Waste.
‘Deconstruction’ is preferred in place of ‘demolition’. Deconstruction means planned breaking of a building with reuse being the main motive.
Factors affecting use of recycled materials
Promoting separation of C&D waste at source
Promoting recycling Ban on land filling of C&D waste Developing market for recycled products
like for production of materials like recycled bricks and paving blocks
Guidelines for using C&D waste Developing designs which facilitate
“deconstruction” instead of outright “demolition”
Green building concept Reuse and
recycle
Prevention is most favoured option so prevent wastage
We, in the country, do not prevent waste
Food
COOKED FOOD
RAW FOOD
Water
Many other materials 10 litres or 2.6 gallons of water cumulatively
to produce one sheet of A4 (8.5″ x 11″) paper. Meat production requires a much higher
amount of water than vegetables. IME state that to produce 1kg of meat requires between 5,000 and 20,000 litres of water whereas to produce 1kg of wheat requires between 500 and 4,000 litres of water.
Chocolate tops the list with 17,196 litres of water need to produce 1kg of the product.
1kg of potatoes for example uses 287 litres of water.
Demolition
Wastage of C & D waste
1. New construction • Wastage during construction• Wastage due to poor
construction 2. Reconstruction3. Repair and Renovation4. Demolition
SOURCES OF C & D Waste
C & D due to poor construction in New construction Non engineered sub
standard construction Sub standard and poor
quality construction even by the engineers
Unsafe construction Change of policies
Is it due to completion of life of structures?
Whether these structures willhave prescribed useful life?
Whether these structureswill have prescribeduseful life?
Whether these structureswill have prescribeduseful life?
Waste is created from non engineered poor quality construction
Slums
Poor quality
Poorquality
Unsafe construction
Change of policiesLeads to demolition of existing structures
PREVENTION OF C & D WASTE
C & D waste is generated or created ?
If so, can we prevent it? Probably Yes, if we adopt
quality in construction and maintenance. And LET US NOT CREATE C& D WASTE AS REUSE, RECYCLE, AND DUMPING IS VERY COSTLY
C & D due to Repair and Renovation
Repair Replacement due to completion of
life cycle of materials Change of lifestyle Mindset To utilize funds
Repair
Poor quality of construction and maintenance
Renovation withoutcompletion of life of building componentsDue to change of lifestyle
Renovation is done On change of tenancy
To utilize funds
MINIMISE C & D WASTE FOLLOW STANDARDISATION FOR SOME
OF THE FEATURES LIKE BOUNDARY WALL, FOOTPATHS, ELEVATION OF STRUCTURES IN PARTICULAR LOCALITY
FOLLOW DURABILITY AS CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MATERIALS RATHER MINIMUM CRITERIA
CLASSIFY STREETS, ROADS WHICH CAN BE MADE RIGID AND FLEXIBLE
USE CONCEPT OF TRENCHES OF UTILITY SERVICES
Maintenance Maintenance is not considered
engineering in India and is a major source of poor quality and creation of C & D waste
Maintenance is not carried out in integrated manner
Let us switch over to maintenance free (minimum maintenance) structures
Renovation In government organisations, particularly higher
type of quarters are renovated frequently generating considerable C & D waste
Rich people renovate their houses frequently generating considerable C & D waste
Housing societies, Authorities, boards should provide options of various finishes to the allottees.
Excess money plays a considerable role in renovation of flats and generation of C & D waste
Approvals may be made mandatory for renovation and Charge for C & D waste generation
Created C & D waste is cause of great concern and need to be stopped by adopting quality in construction and maintenance
We need to create quality in planning and change concept by offering various finishes to users for minimising creation of C & D waste
Change in planning say additional FAR/FSI to be adopted on completion of economic life of structures
Reuse and Recycle Use Green Building Concept Recycle methods for roads,
footpaths and other structures
Why C & D Waste Management ?
To save natural resources
To save energy To save water To save land To save
environment
Basis of C & D Waste Management Plan Prevention or avoidance by
adopting “quality” & permanent finishes
Reduction or minimisation by adopting integrated trenches for utility services and avoiding renovation without completion of economic life
Reuse by adopting deconstruction techniques
Recycling or materials recovery
Energy recovery No disposal
The construction and demolition waste recycling plant in Burari, where tiles are made from crushed debris.
Rules, guidelines and standards Maharashtra has notified the “Maharashtra Non-
Biodegradable Solid Waste (Proper Scientific Collection, Sorting and Disposal in Areas of the Municipal Corporation) Rules, 2006”wherein reuse of this waste is included in the action plan. The Action Plan prescribes separate collection and disposal of debris and bulk waste.
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai notified the “Construction, Demolition and De-silting waste (Management and Disposal) Rules”. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has carried out a feasibility study on use of C&D waste in road and embankment construction.
Management Plan of C&D Waste- I (collection)
Segregation at source Provide separate dust bins at source Provide dumping yards for C & D
waste Ban on dumping of C&D waste in
landfill sites Co-ordinate with nearby
corporations for ban on dumping C&D waste
Collection of C & D waste like MSW
Management Plan of C&D Waste – II (Avoidance generation)
Construction of trenches for utility services either by corporation or on PPP/BOT mode Trenches will be constructed and
maintained by a single agency All new services would be necessarily
laid by the agency through trenches Agency will sublet the space for laying
the utility services Rates of laying the services will be
decided by the corporations
Management Plan of C&D Waste – III (Reuse and Recycling) Construction of Foot paths and
Roads Concept of rigid pavements for
streets, Roads and flexible surface roads.
For footpaths , precast technology should be adopted
Even for roads and streets, precast technology should be adopted for speedy construction and less generation of waste in future.
In construction of roads, recycling should be given priority
Management Plan of C&D Waste – IV (Quality) There should be standard norms for
construction of permanent structures (even gates) in green areas/parks.
There should be norms of prescribed life for replacement/renovation of roads/paths/footpaths.
There should be standard norms/specifications for footpaths/separators etc.
Comprehensive repair and maintenance of footpaths for longer duration such as 3-5 years should be given priority
Management Plan of C&D Waste – V (Appropriate utilisation of funds to avoid generation of C & D Waste) MPLAD/MLA funds should be allowed to be
utilised for major works in Delhi/N Delhi such as for creating parking spaces, construction of toilets near public places like bus stands, markets, repair/renovation of community centres, schools, etc. (need based)
For new materials and technologies, schedule of rates be developed and updated frequently
Mindset of minimum specifications should be stopped for durability concept so that engineers are not harassed by the audit/vigilance authorities
Management Plan of C&D Waste –VI (Promotion) Promotion of use of materials
manufactured from C & D waste by government agencies
Promotion of technology by extending concessions say on taxes, etc.
Ensure availability of recycled materials at competitive rates