AVIATION HISTORY

Lecture 10 : Airliners

OBJECTIVES

By end of this section, students will be able to explain:

About Boeing & Airbus aircraft, Why aircraft made of metal can still fly Why aluminium is used as aircraft skin. What are the latest material used for

aircraft body.

SESSION 1: AIRLINERS

An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo.

They are owned by airlines company

Types of airliners

1. Wide-body jets: The largest airliners Example: Boeing 747-767 & 777, Airbus

A300/A310, Airbus A330, Airbus A340, Airbus A380(which can hold up to 800 passengers)

2. Narrow-body jets: Smaller airliners , generally used for medium-distance flights with fewer passengers

Example: Boeing 717,737 & 757, Airbus A320 family McDonnell Douglas DC-9 & MD-80/MD-90 series,

3. Regional airliners: Seat fewer than 100 passengers, short flights

Example:Bombardier CRJ series and ATR 42/72

Wide-body jets:

Narrow-body jets:

Regional airliners:

Airlines

Airliner Manufacturer Country of Origin

USA Boeing Lockheed Martin

Canada Bombardier

Brazil Embraer Sukhoi

Russia Tupolev

Europe Airbus Industries

(France) ATR (France/Italy) Fokker (Netherlands) Saab (Sweden)

Airliners Characteristics

High payload (aircraft weight) Long range (distance the aircraft fly with a tank of

fuel) High endurance (time the aircraft can stay in the air

with a tank of fuel)

Boeing types of aircraft models include as:

DC3-6, B707 > B717 > B727 > B737 > B747 > B757 > B767 > B777 > MD11 > B787

DC3

Airbus types of aircraft models include as: A300 > A320 > A321 > A330 >

A340 > A350 > A380

Airbus 330Airbus 340

Airbus 380

Airbus vs Boeing

What’s the differences ??? Wing Nose & Main Landing Gears Engine Tail Area

Quick Facts

B747: Among the fastest airliners in service with a high-subsonic cruise speed of Mach 0.85.(567 mph or 913 km/h).

The largest passenger airliner in the world, the A380

Maximum range and payload of Boeing & Airbus aircrafts What is Range???

What is Payload???

What is maximum range and payload for Boeing 747 -400, Boeing 737 - 400, Boeing 767-200, Airbus 320-200,Airbus 380????

Range and Payload

Range: Range means how far can the aircraft

fly with a tank of fuel. Range= Aircraft Distance

Payload: Payload is the carrying capacity of an

aircraft. Payload= Aircraft Weight

Aircraft Names Max. Range (Km)

Max. Payload(Km)

Boeing 737 - 400 4000km 62,800kg

Airbus 320-200 4800km 73,500kg

Boeing 767-200 5860km 136,000kg

Boeing 747 -400 13,500km 397,000kg

Airbus 380 14,800km 560,000kg

Why aircraft made of metal can still fly?

What is metal???

Definition

Metal: a solid material which is typically hard, shiny, and flexible, with good electrical and thermal conductivity, e.g. iron, copper, and silver.

Aircraft Structure on Body Skin

Aircraft Material

Fuselage skin &

Aircraft structures

Aircraft Material

Aluminum 75% uses on fuselage skin & aircraft structures.

Composite 10% uses on wing & panels.

Steel 9% uses on aircraft components.

Titanium 5% uses on engines.

Aircraft Material

The main material for most aircraft is aluminum.

Smaller planes are being built more and more of carbon composites and some now are 100% composite.

Even larger planes are being built with a combination of aluminum and composites.

Military aircraft have the widest variety, though. The Sr-71 is primarily titanium, while the MiG-27 and MiG-31 are made of steel and titanium.

Some light aircraft are still built with cloth skin

Why aluminium is used as aircraft skin.

Definition

What is aluminium?? Aluminium: a strong, light, corrosion-

resistant silvery-grey metal.

Why aluminium???Lightweight and strong. It can hold

against great pressure.

What are the latest material for aircraft???

Latest Material to build Aircraft

Composites: a thing made up of several parts or elements.

Composite material includes as: Fabric glass material Honey comb CFRP: Carbon Fabric Reinforced

uses at some major structural area

Aluminum Material Change To CFRP

Advantages of CFRP

CFRP: Carbon Fabric Reinforced Plastic

Strong Light Anti-corrosion resistance & Cost effective or cheaper