average: 77; sd: 14.4
DESCRIPTION
Average: 77; SD: 14.4. Power Functions (vs. Weber) (r) a = (s) b. Magnitude Estimation Steven’s Law: Power Function Cross Modality Match. Visual system characteristics. Retina: 120 million rods & 6 mill. Cones Retinal distribution meaningful. System operating characteristics. Color - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Average: 77; SD: 14.4
Exam 1 Grade Distribution
0102030405060
<29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90+Score
Number of Students
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Power Functions (vs. Weber)(r)a = (s)b
• Magnitude Estimation• Steven’s Law: Power Function • Cross Modality Match
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Visual system characteristics
• Retina: 120 million rods & 6 mill. Cones• Retinal distribution meaningful
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System operating characteristics
• Color• Sharpness or acuity: 1 sec. line (1 inch
at 3.5 miles)• Sensitivity (range (candle at 10 mi. to
noon sun 10,000,000,000,000:1)• Differential course of adaptation
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Duplex Theory of Vision
• Two systems: – Rod based
• Sensitive• Low acuity• Monochromatic
– Cone based• High threshold• High acuity• Color
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Adaptation
• Overall range of light 1013 : 1• Adaptation range of eye 105 : 1
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We’re not from Missouri!
• Color Vision ( Perceptual constancies/neural interactions)
• Feature Detection--the analysis of visual input– Limulus– Cats– Humans
• Top-down perceptual processes and their interactions with bottom-up
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Active processing
• Sentence• Necker Cube• Gestalt principles
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• The large black dog was chasing the the pretty little groundhog who was very much afraid of him across the carpet.
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Feature Detection: the analysis of visual input
Bottom-up perceptual processes (lateral inhibition)– Limulus (Hartline & Ratliff)– Frogs (Matarana, Lettvin, McCullough & Pitts)– Cats (Kuffler, Hubel & Weisal)– Humans
• Top-down perceptual processes and their interactions with bottom-up
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Top-down processes:Some examples and a
mechanism
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Word Superiority Effect & its Mechanism
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Conclusion• Perception is an active process that
tries to extract a more or less coherent iinterpretation of the world from the barrage of stimuli impacting us.
• It focuses on change (temporal or spatial).
• In order to quickly extract info from the deluge, it must distort the world to attempt to see it for what it is!!
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Attention• System interrupt attracted by alternative
stimuli (dog in street)• Conscious reallocation device• Attention as limited resource• Attention as bottleneck
– Cocktail party effect : Colin Cherry– Filter theory: Donald Broadbent– Attenuation theory: Anne Triesman– Late selection theory: Donald MacKay (pennies)– Spotlight model: Michael Posner
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