availability of woody biomass for european forests prof. dr. udo mantau zentrum holzwirtschaft...

Availability of woody biomass

for European forests

Prof. Dr. Udo MantauZentrum HolzwirtschaftUniversität Hamburg

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass

CONTENT

1 Wood resource balance – woody biomass overview

2 Resources flows

3 Resources flow developments

4 Sustainability and carbon sequestration in resources

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sources uses

industrial roundwood(logs)

416

469 material use

358 energy uses

other forest wood and bark 110

chips, particles & residues 120

other woody biomass 158

balancing adjustment 23

total 827 827 total

„Wood resource balance“ - overview

Wood resource balance Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³(e)) 2007 - actual use

Source: Mantau / Steierer / Hetsch /Prins (2008) ; Steierer (2009)

Round wood equivalent m³(e)(solid cubic meter equivalent):How much solid cubic meterof wood is transfered from one sector to another?

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1

Mantau: Stoffliche und energetische Verwendung

sources uses

logs 416 195 sawmill industry

other coarse woodforest rest wood

100 180 pulp industry

78 panel industry

bark 10 16 other material uses +)

woody biom. outside forest *) 14 12 wood based fuel industry **)

chips, particles & residues 120

346

black liquor*) 75 biomass power plants

post consumer wood 55 private households

energy products **) 14 other energy uses ++)

balancing adjustment 23

total 827 827 total

43% energetische Nutzung

1

65 % primary wood fibre

*) e.g. landscape care wood and short rotation plantations; **) e.g. pellets, briquettes; +) e.g. veneer, insulating boardsSource: Steierer (2009) Euwood-project State of the Art report

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Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³) 2007 - actual use

30.05.2008 5

sources uses

[ mio. m³] [ mio. m³]

industrial Roundwood 100 100 sawmill industrys

industrial Roundwood - unrep. 20 panel industry

fuelwood – JFSQ 10 pulp industry

fuelwood – unrep. other physical utilization

bark 10 wood fuel industry

used logging residues 5 power and heat

woody biomass outside forest 4 industrial internal

chips, particles & residues 40 5 private households

pulp production co-products 4 undifferentiated energy use

recovered wood

processed wood fuel 10

∑ total sources in example: 154 100% 100% 154 ∑ total uses


Cascade uses - example

cascade factor of wood resource balance for Europe on primary biomass: 1,53

2

Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance08-03-16 6

Calculation of real cuttings based on utilized amounts Germany in M m³ (2005)

Energy plants > 1MW

0.840 1.2%

Energy plants < 1MW

3.463 4.9%

households14.214 20.3%

Recorded availability (RA)

56.946 77.8%

Total availability (TA)

73.204 100.0%

Unrecorded availability (UA)

16.258 22.2%

Change in Stock (CiS)

-0.036 0.0%

Import (Im)

2.820 3.9%

Export (Ex)

6.070 8.3%

Calc. domestic availability (CDA)

69.990 100.0%Pulp industry

6.184 8.8%

Panel industry

7.470 10.7%

Sawmill industry

37.234 53.2%

Other material uses *)

0.585 0.8%

Other energy uses0.000 0.0%

Resource flows

TA = CDA + (Ex – Im) + ΔCiS UA = TA - RA

Consumption (CDA) = (RA + UA) + (Im – Ex) + ΔCiS where (RA = production when UA = 0)

2


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

in Mio. m³ - comparing

saw mill industry

panel industry

pulp industry

others

3

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Source: Mantau, Szenarien 2008-2012

Resource flow developments

For time series of traditional resource flows official statistics are normally quite useful Example for Germany in M m³

Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance08-03-16 8

Creating time series in undocumented sectors (e.g. energy uses of woody biomass)Few empirical information – many assumtionssolution: openess in assumptions

1987 7,424 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1988 7,492 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1989 7,560 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1990 10,323 36,5% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1991 10,416 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1992 10,511 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1993 10,607 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1994 10,703 0,9% 77,1% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1995 10,800 0,9% 78,5% 67,0% 8,1% 3,4% 5,5% 13,1% 2,6% 0,1% 0,0% 0,0% 0,3% 100%1996 10,898 0,9% 79,9% 68,2% 8,2% 3,5% 4,9% 11,8% 2,6% 0,1% 0,1% 0,0% 0,5% 100%1997 10,997 0,9% 81,4% 69,4% 8,4% 3,6% 4,4% 10,5% 2,6% 0,2% 0,1% 0,0% 0,8% 100%1998 11,097 0,9% 82,8% 70,6% 8,5% 3,6% 3,8% 9,2% 2,7% 0,3% 0,1% 0,1% 1,1% 100%1999 11,198 0,9% 84,2% 71,9% 8,7% 3,7% 3,3% 7,9% 2,7% 0,3% 0,2% 0,1% 1,3% 100%2000 11,300 0,9% 85,6% 73,1% 8,8% 3,7% 2,7% 6,6% 2,8% 0,4% 0,2% 0,1% 1,6% 100%2001 11,865 5,0% 84,6% 72,2% 8,7% 3,7% 2,9% 6,9% 2,8% 0,5% 0,4% 0,1% 2,0% 100%2002 12,458 5,0% 83,6% 71,3% 8,6% 3,6% 3,0% 7,1% 2,8% 0,6% 0,6% 0,1% 2,3% 100%2003 13,393 7,5% 82,5% 70,4% 8,5% 3,6% 3,1% 7,4% 2,8% 0,7% 0,7% 0,1% 2,7% 100%2004 14,732 10,0% 81,5% 69,5% 8,4% 3,6% 3,2% 7,7% 2,8% 0,8% 0,9% 0,1% 3,1% 100%2005 20,703 40,5% 80,4% 68,7% 8,3% 3,5% 3,3% 7,9% 2,8% 0,9% 1,1% 0,1% 3,5% 100%

Total [Mio. m³]

fuelwood. total

SMBP Sägew.

SMPB briquettes

RateSum

%others

Anteile (Originalsortimente) [%]fuelwood garden

fuelwoodLCW

fuelwood forest

post cons.

SMBP pellets

SMPB chips

SMBP dust

SOURCE: MANTAU, U.; SÖRGEL, C.; WEIMAR, H.; (2007): Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland, Bestandaufnahme 1987 bis 2005, Hamburg, 2007, 66 S.

assortment share in %

Resource flow developments3


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

in M m³ (comparing plot)

private housholds

heat & powerplants > 1 MW

heat & powerplants < 1MW

BTL

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Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007

Resource flow developments3

Energy uses in M m³ - example Germany


4

Comparison of net anual increment forest growth with consumtion transfered in net annual increment. (Yearly calculations are a bit problematic because of data accuracy.)

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

in M. m³ (NAI)

'Yearly NAI (standing volume) on FLAW

Consumption (*1,3) in 'NAI'

Sustainability (natural production)


4

Comparison of gross anual increment forest growth with other changes (mortality, land use) and consumtion (m³ NAI)

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1987-2002

2003-2007

2008-2012

gross annual increment other changesconsumption change in standing volume

Sustainability (natural production)


4

Wood resource stream analysis from forest to use and disposal

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Source: MANTAU, U., BILITEWSKI, B.: Stoffstrom-Modell- Holz, 2005, nach KIBAT, K. D.

Carbon sequestration

Resources100%

Industrial restwood form semi finished production

26.7 %

losses and material compression

4.0%

Net export semifinishedproducts

4.3%

net import finishedproducts + unreported

11.9%

wood products in use39.6% (58.1%)

disposal after use28.6% (41.9%)

total material in disposal system

37.2%

Industrial restwood form finishedproduction

8.6%market volumefinished

68.3% (100%)

market volumesemi finished

65.0 %


Carbon sequestration effects of woody biomass usesin Germany (1993-2012)

Source: Mantau, U. (2009): Wachsende Bedeutung der CO2-Speicherung in der Holzverwendung, AFZ-Der Wald, 16/2009, S 885, 886

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

in Mt CO2 CO2-sequestration by material uses

CO2-substitution by energy uses

CO2-sequestration by forest standing volume

Carbon sequestration4


Conclusions

► The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) is a tool to document an overview on all relevant sources and uses of a resource.

► Data availability of new sources and new uses is the biggest challenge in calculating a wood resource balance.

► Until better statistical documentation of theses markets time series can be derived on assumtions as long as they are openly documented.

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Conclusions

► The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) can be uses as a monitoring system for sustainability of the natural reserves of a resource.

► Depending on the existence of end use studies and disposal statistics it is furthermore a tool for calculation carbon sequestration in woody biomass uses on the basis of empirical, actual data.

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Availability of woody biomass

for European forests

Prof. Dr. Udo MantauZentrum HolzwirtschaftUniversität Hamburg