auvsi unmanned systems na 2007 / washington, dc © astm international. all rights reserved....

AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Accessing the Airspace UsingASTM International Standards

AUVSI Unmanned Systems North America 2007F38 Workshop

Washington, DC / 10 August 2007

ASTM International Committee F38 on ASTM International Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft SystemsUnmanned Aircraft Systems


F38 Mission & StrategyF38 Mission & Strategy


F38 Mission F38 Mission - Vision, Mission, and Operating Principles - Vision, Mission, and Operating Principles

The Vision for F38 is to help provide routine, safe UAS operations in civil airspace through standardization.

The Mission of F38 is to produce practical, consensus standards that facilitate UAS operations at an acceptable level of safety. These standards include the design, manufacture, maintenance and operation of unmanned aircraft systems as well as the training and qualification of personnel. Committee F38 supports industry, academia, government organizations and regulatory authorities.

F38 operates under the principles that practical standards are a cost effective means of promoting commercial success, and that consensus processes protect the balance of interests among stakeholders.


Increasing RegulationUnregulated

Voluntary Standards, Club

Practices

Comply w/ Industry

Standards

Light Sport Aircraft

Small:

Kites, Balloons, Rockets, Models

Large Aircraft,Airlines,

Overwater, & Int’l Ops

Moored Balloons, Kites, Unmanned Rockets,

Unmanned Free Balloons, Ultralights,

and Parachutists

F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- Environmental Basis for Workflow- Environmental Basis for Workflow

Minimum regulation

Club Rules, Guides,

Insurance

Regulation via Standards

Show Compliance w/ Rules; can use TSO or Industry Standards with Increasing Reliability

and Assurance Requirements

General Aviation, VFR Ops

Transports, IFR Ops

Exp

erimen

tal Aircraft


Standards

Commercial success requires profitable return.

Which requires reducing risk. Transfer some

risk to insurers.

But insurers want predictability.

Which leads to profitable returns.

Which makes our industry safe

and reliable.

So they require us to abide by

standards.

F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- Environmental Basis for Workflow / Business Case- Environmental Basis for Workflow / Business Case


About ASTM InternationalAbout ASTM International


ASTM International’s ASTM International’s Primary ObjectivePrimary Objective

… is to be the foremost developer and provider

of consensus standards, related

technical information, and services

having globally recognized quality

and market relevance.


The ASTM International The ASTM International Standards Development ProcessStandards Development Process

A Proven and Practical System that is Driven by Direct-Stakeholder

Participation, for Developing Voluntary, Consensus Standards for Materials,

Products, Systems & Services World-Wide.

A Portfolio of Approximately 12,000 Standards Used Internationally; 3,500

are the Basis of National Standards and Regulation in 76 Countries.

Always Reflect Current Technology as they are Continually Revised.

Over 31,000 Members from 130 Countries Participate on ASTM International

Committees; users from 175 countries.

Standards Development Process complies with WTO’s TBT Requirements.

No Project Costs.


ASTM International: ASTM International: The Power of PartnershipThe Power of Partnership

All stakeholders involved

Neutral forum with consensus-based procedures

Private and public sector cooperation

Adoptions of standards from E54, F37, F38 and F39 by DoD, FAA, CASA, DHS and other entities

MOUs with NATO, DOD, and Standards Bodies of 48 Countries

EXAMPLES:Product manufacturers • Federal agencies • Associations • Professional societies • UAS professionals and consultants • Financial organizations • Academia • Research institutions and laboratories


140 Technical Committees140 Technical Committees

A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, & Related Alloys

B07 on Light Metals & Alloys

D02 on Petroleum Products & Lubricants

D20 on Plastics

E34 on Occupational Health & Safety

E54 on Homeland Security Applications

• E54.08 on Operational Equipment / Urban Search & Rescue Robots

F04 on Medical Devices

F37 on Light Sport Aircraft

F39 on General & Utility Category Aircraft Wiring Systems

F41 on Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Systems

A FEW OTHER EXAMPLES………


Specifically Designed to Support the development and Delivery of technical information – making it “uncomplicated”

ASTM’s InfrastructureASTM’s Infrastructure

Development of technical formation• Full administrative support through staff

management, editorial assistance, and

web infrastructure

Delivery of technical information • 200 global points of resale and electronic

flexibility of products


Time Frame for Time Frame for Developing InformationDeveloping Information

Complexity of the job

Urgency of needs

Time devoted by members

Utilization of new informational technologies

ASTM’s average standard

development time is 17 months

New committees average lesser

times of about 9 – 16 months


Technical Committee Technical Committee OrganizationOrganization

Committees form to address industry subjects, with subcommittees addressing specialized subsets.

Main Committee

Subcommittee.01

Subcommittee.02

Subcommittee.03

TG 1 TG 2 TG 1 TG 2TG 1 TG 2

Approved Standards Achieve Separate Subcommittee and Main Committee Approvals, as well as a Society Review and “Internal Audit.”


Members Have Instant Access to Rosters, Minutes, Agendas,

Ballot Items, & Workflow Submissions…

Website FunctionalityWebsite Functionality


Minutes and AgendasSelect the Link to the

Desired Minutes/Agenda, & a Downloadable/Printable

PDF Appears.


RostersLinks to members

with all Contact Information


BallotsSelect the Link to the Desired Ballot (Listed by

Subcommittee), & Review a Ballot that Lists All Items Under Review. To View a Specific

Item, Click its Link, & a Downloadable/Printable PDF appears. Vote

on the Item (Affirmative, Negative, Abstain, or Provide Comments) by Simply Selecting the

Toggle.



F38 Standard Portfolio Strategy:F38 Standard Portfolio Strategy:Building the Safety CaseBuilding the Safety Case


- Mini UAS Airworthiness Standard- Remote Control - Visual Range Operations Standard- Remote Control Visual Range Pilot Training Standard - Mini UAS Operation Handbook

These standards contribute to:• Special Airworthiness Certification,

• Program letter• Safety checklist

• Certificates of Authorization (COA)• Approved Commercial Flight Under FAA Rules

F38 – Mini UAS Suite Portfolio PriorityF38 – Mini UAS Suite Portfolio Priority


F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- Existing Subcommittee Structure- Existing Subcommittee Structure

What do you need to fly?…A System Safety Case

System Certification and Flight Authority

Operations protocols & component performance

Crew training & human factors consideration

F38.01 Airworthiness Standards• Safe design, construction, test,

modification, & inspection of the individual component, aircraft, or system; hardware oriented

F38.02 Operations Standards• Safe employment of the system within

the aviation environment among other aircraft & systems; procedure/ performance oriented

F38.03 Pilot & Maintenance Qualifications• Safe practices by the individuals

responsible for employing the system; crew oriented


What do you need to fly?• System Certification and Flight Authority• Operations protocols and component performance• Crew training and human factors consideration

You would need• Reliability and Airworthiness Standards

− Aircraft, Control Station, Datalink• Support Equipment Standards

− Launch & recovery equipment− Starters, power supplies, fueling / de-fueling, others

F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- Existing Subcommittee Structure – Why?- Existing Subcommittee Structure – Why?



You would need• Standardized flight procedures• Standardized maintenance procedures• Safe separation from other airspace users• Others, of course




You would need• Pilot certification system

− Category and type, ratings, limitations• Criteria to certify air-crewmen

− Eligibility, Knowledge, Experience, Test Standards• Criteria to certify maintainers• Others, of course



Gap Analysis:Gap Analysis:Outlining F38 WorkflowOutlining F38 Workflow


Gap Analysis Objectives• To provide guidance for standards bodies and user groups

engaged in developing or adopting standards governing unmanned aircraft system design, manufacture, test, training, operation, and maintenance

• To identify gaps in standards coverage unique to needs of unmanned aviation

• To preclude duplicating existing standards already applicable to unmanned aviation

• To be the leader and first choice in standards deliverables for the UAS industry by delivering prompt and relevant standards products to industry

F38 Structure and WorkflowF38 Structure and Workflow- Gap Analysis Objective- Gap Analysis Objective


Crew QualificationsAirframe Maintainers Crew

MaterialsStructuresLanding GearLaunch DevicesMaintenanceEnvironmentalGeneral

ReciprocatingTurbineGeneratorsLaunch DevicesFuelsGeneralElectric

PilotNon-PilotSchoolsHuman Factors

- Batteries - Solar - Radioisotope

- Certificates - Ratings

ASTM WK5423 Certificates and Ratings Issued for UAV Pilots and Operators

UAS Operations

Airframe Power Plant Ground



TaxiTakeoffLandings


- GSE

ASTM

AirworthinessLevel 2 Airframe Power Plant Avionics



Comm/NAVData LinksSafety / SAGeneralLevel 3

Level 4 - Batteries - Solar - Fuel Cell

- De-Anti-Icing - See & Avoid

Level 5ASTM F2585 Specification for Design & Performance of Pneumatic-Hydraulic UAS Launch System

F38 Structure and WorkflowF38 Structure and Workflow- Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End)- Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End)

- Launchers


Comm/Nav RTCA DO-187, DO-208, DO-278

Computers (SAE AS-2 works)

Safety/Sit. Aware MIL-STD 882

• Sense & Avoid ASTM F2411-04 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an

Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System, RTCA DO-268

• Anti-icing/Deicing SAE AS5498, AIR 4367

• Transponders FAA TSO

Links Security-none; NATO STANAG 4586; RTCA DO-254;

SAE ARP4791

Software RTCA DO-178B

General (SAE AS-1 works); ARINC 429 (analog) and 629 (digital)

From the ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: From the ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - AvionicsLevel 2 - Avionics

F38 Structure and WorkflowF38 Structure and Workflow- Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End)- Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End) …An example of in-depth research…An example of in-depth research


F38 Special AwardsF38 Special Awards


JIPT Discussion JIPT Discussion


UAS Airspace Integration Joint IPTUAS Airspace Integration Joint IPT

Tri-Service UAS Airspace Integration Joint Integrated Product Team (JIPT) chartered by the Air Force, Army, and Navy UAS Program Offices to coordinate related technology and standards development for worldwide airspace

Standards Development Activity Center serves as JIPT focal point for coordinating its standards needs with ASTM, FINAS, RTCA, SAE, other SDOs and the DSPO


JIPT Strategy for Airspace IntegrationJIPT Strategy for Airspace Integration


JIPT

Air Force (303 AESW)Army (SFAE-AV-UAS)

Navy (PMA-263) Service UAS PO

CollisionAvoidance

JUAS MRBPentagon

JCOECreech AFB

FAAPBFA(UAS SG)

DHSS&T

AirworthinessOperations

&Procedure

Command andCommunications

Systems Engineering &

Integration

Requirements Analysis

Modeling & Simulation

Standards Dev

Specialty Engineering

Test &Evaluation

Ac

tiv

ity

C

en

ters

USSOCOM

CJCS USD(AT&L)USD(I) USD(P) USD(C) ASD(HD)ASD(NII)CHAIR

GC,DoD DOT&E

USNUSA

USAFUSMC

UAS PTF

DoD Policy Board on Federal Aviation


Defense Standardization Program Office Defense Standardization Program Office

ADOPTION OF NON-GOVERNMENT STANDARDS

IN THEDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

ANSIANSI

SAESAEIEEEIEEE

ASTMASTM NASNAS

Importance of NGSs to DoD

Access CommercialIndustrial Base

Cost Savings Current Technology

Reduced DocumentPreparation & Maintenance

Resources

BOTTOM LINE: DOD CANNOT AFFORD TO SUPPORT A DEFENSE-UNIQUE INFRASTRUCTURE

Benefits of Adoption

Adoption Not Necessary for Use, BUT…..Adoption Not Necessary for Use, BUT….. Visibility via ASSIST databaseVisibility via ASSIST database Measure of confidence in documentMeasure of confidence in document Identifies DoD Technical Focal PointIdentifies DoD Technical Focal Point Adoption notice may provide application Adoption notice may provide application

and other guidanceand other guidance ADOPTION DOES NOT MEAN NGS ADOPTION DOES NOT MEAN NGS

MUST BE USED -- ONLY THAT MUST BE USED -- ONLY THAT SOMEONE IN DoD IS USING NGSSOMEONE IN DoD IS USING NGS

DoD Adoption Process

DoD ActivityIdentifies NeededNGS Under Dev

Contact LSAfor Approval

to Adopt NGS

Adopting ActivitySubmits Form to

Record in ASSIST

Adopting ActivityParticipates on

NGS Committee

ProjectApproval?

Adopting ActivitySends Unified DoDComments to Comm

Adopting ActivityCoordinates Draft NGS Within DoD

CommentsResolved?

Pursue Alternative& Cancel Adoption

Adopt NGSPrepare Adoption

Notice; Submit WithNGS to DoDSSP

Latest Edition Adopted NGS Listed

In ASSIST

NO

YES

NO

YES

Which NGS Organization?

Requiring Activity Must DecideRequiring Activity Must Decide 90% DoD Adopted NGS From Only 10 90% DoD Adopted NGS From Only 10

NGS OrganizationsNGS Organizations

ASTM(2572)

SAE(3242)

AIA(1177)

ANSI(272)

UL(212)

ASME(210)

EIA(205)

ISO(77)

NEMA(77)

AWPA(62)

Copies of Adopted NGS

Adopted NGS listed in the Acquisition Adopted NGS listed in the Acquisition Streamlining and Standardization Streamlining and Standardization Information System (ASSIST) database Information System (ASSIST) database

website: website: www.assist.daps.dla.milwww.assist.daps.dla.mil NGS DeveloperNGS Developer Commercial Data VendorsCommercial Data Vendors


Membership Notes Membership Notes


Defining F38’s “Balance”Defining F38’s “Balance”

Member Type• Individual• Corporation• Temporary (courtesy trial membership)

Classification• Producer: Seller of products and services• User: Buyer of products and services• General: Other interested parties

Voting Status• Tracked by:

− Type− Classification− Interest (i.e., company or organization)


F38 MembershipF38 Membership

211 Members• 12 Countries

• 4 Continents

Bahamas 1

Canada 4

Chile 1

Finland 1

France 1

Germany 1

Japan 7

South Korea 1

Singapore 4

Sweden 4

Taiwan 3

United Kingdom 2

United States of America 181


F38 MembershipF38 Membership

Membership by Classification

115

42 47

7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Producers Users General Unclassified


F38 Structure and Workflow F38 Structure and Workflow F38.01 on Airworthiness StandardsF38.01 on Airworthiness Standards


F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- F38.01 on Airworthiness: Existing Standards- F38.01 on Airworthiness: Existing Standards

F2411-07 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System

F2501-06 Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness

F2505-06 Standard Practice for Application of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Aviation Regulations Part 21 Requirements to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) F2512-07 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance in the Manufacture of Light Unmanned Aircraft System

F2584-06 Standard Practice for Maintenance and Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

F2585-06 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of Pneumatic-Hydraulic Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Launch System

F2612-07 Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Turbine Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System

F2667-07 Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Compression Ignition Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System


WK6783 FAR Part 27 Review For Civil Unmanned Rotorcraft (CUR) Requirements

WK7067 Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of the Light Unmanned Airplane Systems (UAS)

WK7977 Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Engines for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

WK13686 Guide for Suggested Procedures for Applying for a Special Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA) Experimental (UAS) or a Type Certificate for an Unmanned Aircraft System

WK13935 Standard Guide for Mini UAS Airworthiness

WK15881 Specification for Design and Performance of UAS Recovery Systems

F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- F38.01 on Airworthiness: Proposed Standards- F38.01 on Airworthiness: Proposed Standards


• Assure public safety

• Target the single man operation

• Sufficient, not excessive

• Limit to Visual Range and Remote Control operations

− Includes altitude hold type functions

− RC is always connected

• Design so users can and will use it

F38 – Mini UAS AirworthinessF38 – Mini UAS Airworthiness


Design and PerformanceDesign and Performance

Standard sequence found in FAR 23:

Applicability

Flight

Structure

Design and Construction

Powerplant


Topics CoveredTopics Covered

Design and PerformanceRequired EquipmentQuality AssuranceAcceptance TestsAircraft Operating InstructionsMaintenance and Inspection ProceduresIdentification and Recording of Major Repairs and Major AlterationsContinued Airworthiness


Issues still openIssues still open

Pilot Operating Handbook description

Whether or not we need more specifics in QA

Further development of test procedures

Decision on Specification or Guide


F38 Structure and Workflow F38 Structure and Workflow F38.02 on Operations Standards F38.02 on Operations Standards


Existing• F2395-07 Standard Terminology for

Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems• F2500-07 Standard Practice for

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Visual Range Flight Operations

Proposed• WK13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range

Operators

F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- F38.02 on Operations:- F38.02 on Operations: Existing and Proposed Standards Existing and Proposed Standards


WK13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range OperatorsWK13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range Operators

Hazard and Risk Analysis

Mitigation and Company Operating Procedures

How to use Airworthiness, VR Operations, and VR-RC Pilot documents• Aircraft handbook and maintenance -- documentation• Types of operations -- documentation• Training, Qual, Currency and Documentation

Part 91 operations – not for sport or recreation• Business Aviation Operation model


Organization of StandardOrganization of Standard

1 Company Organization2 Company Safety Management System3 Operational Control4 Operating Requirements5 Emergency Procedures and Equipment7 Qualifications and Training8 Record Keeping9 Aircraft Maintenance10 Security Procedures11 Transportation of Dangerous Goods12 Company Forms13 Company Directives


F38 Structure and Workflow F38 Structure and Workflow F38.03 on Operator/Maintainer Quals. F38.03 on Operator/Maintainer Quals.


Existing• F2635-07 Standard Classification for Unmanned Aircraft

Pilot Certification

Proposed• WK8962 Standard Practice for Remote Control Pilots

Operating within Visual Range (awaiting publication)• WK11174 Commercial Pilot Unmanned Aircraft Practical

Test Standards • WK11425 Private Pilot Unmanned Aircraft Practical Test

Standards

F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- F38.03 on Pilot and Maintenance Operations: - F38.03 on Pilot and Maintenance Operations: Existing and Proposed Standards Existing and Proposed Standards


Existing Pilot ClassificationExisting Pilot Classification


F2635 UAS Pilot ClassificationF2635 UAS Pilot Classification


Summary & Moving ForwardSummary & Moving Forward


F38 Outlined WorkflowF38 Outlined Workflow- Proposed New Areas - Proposed New Areas

F38 Proposed/Additional Subcommittee Structure

• F38.0x – Payloads (Proposed)− Standard test methods for payloads to comply w/S&A− Standard payload interfaces− IP messaging service

• F38.0x - Support Equipment (Proposed)− Launch equipment (Rail, rocket, air)− Recovery equipment (Arresting gear, nets, etc.)− Fueling / de-fueling− Ground power, backup power− Test Equipment− Toolkits− Transport equipment (Containers, towing, etc.)

• F38.0x – Control Stations (Proposed)


Supplement: Gap AnalysisSupplement: Gap Analysis


SupplementSupplement- Gap Analysis in Detail- Gap Analysis in Detail

Recalling Subcommittee Structure:• F38.01 Airworthiness Standards• F38.02 Operations Standards• F38.03 Pilot & Maintenance Qualifications

The Gap Analysis Will• provide guidance for standards bodies and user groups engaged in developing or

adopting standards governing unmanned aircraft system design, manufacture, test, training, operation, and maintenance

• preclude duplicating existing standards already applicable to unmanned aviation• identify gaps in standards coverage unique to needs of unmanned aviation

• Roadmap Key: ASTM F38 standards in progress - in orange ASTM approved standards – in yellow

Outstanding needs – in red


Crew QualificationsAirframe Maintainers Crew



PilotNon-PilotSchoolsHuman Factors


- Certificates - Ratings

ASTM WK5423 Certificates and Ratings Issued for UAV Pilots and Operators

UAS Operations

Airframe Power Plant Ground



TaxiTakeoffLandings


- GSE

ASTM








F38 Structure and WorkflowF38 Structure and Workflow- Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End)- Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End)

- Launchers


The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: Level 1 - AirworthinessLevel 1 - Airworthiness








- Launchers


Materials…………………………..MIL HDBK 5 (metals), 17 (composites)Structures…………………………MIL-HDBK 1530; MIL-STD 403ALanding Gear…………………….JIS W2502; FAA TSO-C62d; MIL-T-504; SAE ARP1493A Wheels/Brakes/Skid Control ARP1595A, ARP1907A, ARP813B, SAE ARP1311B,Gears/Struts/ Couplings ARP1598AAIR1494A, AIR4566, SAE AIR5487, AS1188TiresLaunch Devices…………………. ASTM F2585 Standard Specification for the Design

and Performance of a Pneumatic UAS Launch SystemRecovery Devices………………. WK15881 Specification for Design and Performance of UAS Recovery SystemsEnvironmental……………………(see next chart) RTCA DO-160C,

• External MIL HDBK 237• Internal (Onboard)

General…………………………….14 CFR 21, 23, 25, 27, 29; ASTM F2501-06 Standard

Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness, ASTM F2501 Recommended Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness

The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 – AIRFRAME (under Level 1 Airworthiness)Level 2 – AIRFRAME (under Level 1 Airworthiness)


General SAE ARP147E (terminology), ARP780B (symbols)External

• Altitude (TPH) MIL-STD 202, 810; RTCA DO-160; NEBS GR-63-CORE• De-icing/Anti-icing (see Avionics/Safety; SAE AC-9C work)• Rain, ice, lightning, etc. SAE AIR1168/4, ARP 5577; MIL-STD 810; RTCA DO-

160• Salt, fog, dust, etc. MIL-STD 820; ASTM B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray

(Fog) Apparatus• Fungus ASTM D120 Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves,

D470 Method for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable, D518 Method for Rubber Deterioration-Surface Cracking; MIL-STD 810; RTCA DO-160

• EMI, HERO, etc. MIL-STD 461D, 646; SAE ARP1972, ARP5583, ARP5889• Solar weather JEDEC JESD-89

Internal (Onboard)• Temperature SAE AIR64B, AIR89D, AIR1277B, AS8040A• Pressure SAE AIR1168/7• Humidity SAE AIR1609A, ARP987A• Shock/Vibration/Accel MIL-STD 167, 202, 331 (catapult/arrested landing), 810• Acoustic SAE AIR1826

The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: Level 3/4/5/6 - EnvironmentalLevel 3/4/5/6 - Environmental


Reciprocating Engines 14 CFR 33, 34, 36; SAE AS25109, AS1B, ASTM WK9561 Design and Manufacture of Compression Ignition Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System

• Propellers 14 CFR 35; SAE ARP355, AS107, AIR1872

Turbines 14 CFR 35, 34, 36; SAE ARP748A, AIR1872, ASTM WK9560 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Turbine Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System Electric

• Batteries IEC Std 952-1; MIL-B-8565; IEC 21/466/CD

• Solar (Photovoltaic) IEC 61427:1999• Radioisotope SAE AIR1213

Generators/Starters SAE AS13Fuels ASTM D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines,

D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels• Systems/Instruments SAE AIR1408, AS407, AS431, AR1326• Tanks SAE AIR4069A, AS5502A, AMSS8802B

General (SAE E-25 works); MIL-STD-8879c

The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - PowerplantsLevel 2 - Powerplants


Comm/Nav RTCA DO-187, DO-208, DO-278

Computers (SAE AS-2 works)

Safety/Sit. Aware MIL-STD 882

• Sense & Avoid ASTM F2411-04 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an

Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System, RTCA DO-268

• Anti-icing/Deicing SAE AS5498, AIR 4367

• Transponders FAA TSO

Links Security-none; NATO STANAG 4586; RTCA DO-254;

SAE ARP4791

Software RTCA DO-178B

General (SAE AS-1 works); ARINC 429 (analog) and 629 (digital)

The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - AvionicsLevel 2 - Avionics


The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: Level 1 - OperationsLevel 1 - Operations

UAS Operations

General Flight Ground

TerminologySymbology

VFRIFR

Payloads

TaxiTakeoffLandings


Terminology ASTM F2395-05 Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems, AIAA R-103-2004

Symbology SAE ARP4155, ARP5289

The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - GeneralLevel 2 - General


VFR 14 CFR 91, ASTM WK3135 Guide for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Authorization, WK10504 Practice for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Visual Range Flight

Operations

IFR 14 CFR 91, 95, ASTM WK3135 Guide for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Authorization

Payloads Universal Interface; IEEE-1394b; SAE AS5609 SAE AS8039

• Data Recorders SAE AS8039

• Returnable

− Sensors SAE AIR4911, AS1212 (SWAP), AIR1277 (SWAP)

− Relay/ Broadcast Eqmt SAE J1113/28, J551/4, ARP5583 (HIRF)

• Deliverable 14 CFR 91

− Weapons Positive Control, Weapon Safing: SAE AIR5532

− Cargo SAE AS1325, AS5385, ARP1409, AS25959

− Aerial Refueling SAE ARP1665, AS1284

Business Aviation Practices WK13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range Operators

The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - FlightLevel 2 - Flight


Taxi SAE ARP693, AIR1589, AIR4096 (FOD), ARP5898

Takeoff SAE AIR852, AS8044, AIR4096. ARP4104

Landing SAE ARP1070, AIR1739, ARP181, ARP4102, AIR4243, ARP69

Airports UA Accommodation at Alternates-none; 14 CFR 139; SAEARP5910, AIR1845, AIR5387, ARP4084, AIR1335

AGE SAE AIR1247, AIR1375, AIR4286, AS4852, AS5488

The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.02 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - GroundLevel 2 - Ground


The ASTM F38.03 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.03 Standards Roadmap: Level 1 - QualificationsLevel 1 - Qualifications

Crew Qualifications

Crew Maintainers Special

PilotsOperatorsSchoolsHuman Factors

A&P MechanicsSchoolsHuman FactorsGeneral

Commercial


Pilots 14 CFR Part 61, 67; F2635 Standard Classification for Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Certification

Non-Pilot Aircrew 14 CFR 63, 65, 67Schools 14 CFR 141, 142; SAE ARP5453Human Factors SAE ARP4033, ARP4107 (HF Glossary), (SAE G-10 works)

The ASTM F38.03 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38.03 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 – Crew, Maintainer, SpecialLevel 2 – Crew, Maintainer, Special

A&P Mechanics JI8152 (in work)

Schools 14 CFR 147; JI8152 (in work)

Human Factors (SAE G-13 works)

General 14 CFR 43; F2584-06 Standard Practice for Maintenance and Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light UAS

Commercial Operators 14 CFR 119, 121, 133, 137

Crew

Special

Maintainer


CASA UA25 Australian regulation for certification and operation of unmanned aircraft; MIL-HDBK 516; ASTM F2501 Recommended Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness

The ASTM F38 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38 Standards Roadmap: GeneralGeneral


Standards exists and explicitly written for UA• ASTM F2411 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-

Avoid System, ASTM F2501 Recommended Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness, ASTM F2505 Practice for Application of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Aviation Regulations Part 21 Requirements to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

Standard exists and directly applicable to UA (“as is”)• ASTM D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines

Standard exists and applicable to UA (aviation qualified), but focused elsewhere• SAE AIR4911, video interface for entertainment vice reconnaissance systems “The purpose

of this document is to establish the requirements for sensor/video interconnect subsystems. These requirements have been driven predominantly, but not exclusively, by aerospace-type military platforms and commercial aircraft. These requirements are intended to be used as the criteria to establish a sensor/video interconnection standard that will foster the development of common hardware to simplify the total interconnectivity of future avionics platforms.”

Standard exists on topic, but indirectly applicable to UA (“thread”)• IEC 61427:1999, photovoltaic (solar) cells

No suitable standard exists• UA (none) vice aircraft carrier (MIL-STD 331) catapults

The ASTM F38 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38 Standards Roadmap: Findings – 5 CategoriesFindings – 5 Categories


Many UAS relevant topics covered in existing standards.

Documentation gap for airworthiness now covered in F2501, incorporating over 300 standards.

F38 recognizes these existing standards, and focuses on addressing identified gaps now and in the future.

Subcommittees and lead writers assigned to address the identified ‘gaps’ in UAS standards.

Best Practices draft standards be structured along same lines as briefing and expanded/updated to identify such gaps in standards.

New F38 members sought with expertise directly applicable to these gaps.

The ASTM F38 Standards Roadmap: The ASTM F38 Standards Roadmap: Conclusions & ActionConclusions & Action


ASTM International Committee F38ASTM International Committee F38on Unmanned Aircraft Systemson Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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Daniel A. Schultz ASTM International Director, Committee Support

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Jeff Goldfinger L-3 Communications F38 Membership Secretary

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