Edmund Tayao, LOGODEF

Understanding Autonomy, Decentralization and Governance

Making Sense of Politics as Means and Not An Enterprise

Why Decentralization and Local Governance: Basic Considerations, Current Trends

Politics as Business and Governance as Service

❖ From purely political and security issues to economic and welfare issues!❖ Education, Health, Labor, Natural Resources especially Water, Religious and

Ethnic Diversity, Disaster Management and Mitigation, Traffic Management and other day to day issues!

❖ Representation, Transparency, Accountability and Responsiveness!

❖ Government to Governance

Development Requires A Bigger Role for LGUs

❖ Reinventing as Restructuring (Osborne and Gaebler 1992)!❖ LGUs are at the frontlines of governance!❖ Governance as Division of Labor and Participation!

❖ Key Points are to “Maximize,” “Organize” and “Optimize”!❖ Maximize Resources!❖ Organize Constituency!❖ Optimize Delivery of Services!

❖ The Farther the LGU from the national government the more significant role it plays

Increasing Role of LGUs

❖ As Social and Economic Development becomes the focus of Government Local Governments have also come to play more important roles!

❖ On Average sub-national Governments spend between a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 19 percent of the total GDP.

Fire Protection

Heating

Irrigation

Police

Public Order andSafety

Oil and gas Pipeline

OTHER SERVICESUrban Transportation

Railroads

Airports

Ports & NavigableWaterways

Urban Highways

Inter-Urban Highways

TRANSPORTATIONTelecommunications

Electric Power Supply

Waste Collection

Drinking Water andSewerage

UTILITIESHousing

Nutrition Programs

Primary andPreschool Education

Secondary Education

Universities

Public Health

Hospitals

Social Welfare

SOCIAL SERVICES

Public Expenditure Areas Funded Wholly At the Sub-National Level Or Shared With the Central Government

Substantial Sharing of Functions and Expenses

❖ 80 to 85 percent of GDP still with Central Government considering key functions of national bureaucracy, foreign relations, national defense, monetary and fiscal policy!

❖ Together with Expenditures shared between national and local governments, 40 % is spent on 4 service areas of social services, transportation, utility services and others

Growing Developmental Function of LGUs

Utility Services receive the most funding at the local level accounting for Telecommunications, Electric Power Supply, Waste Collection and Drinking Water and Sewerage!

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Development is the Real Revolution

Democratization and Decentralization

Transition from Government to Governance- Innovations in the 1987 Constitution

❖ PR System- Party-list Representation!

❖ Legislature’s role on Martial Law!

❖ Concretization of ‘People Power’- Initiative, Referendum, and Recall!

❖ Decentralization

Objectives

❖ Improve Delivery of Services!

❖ Afford significant autonomy to LGUs, and!

❖ Develop local economy, possibly result to local economic elites.

Autonomy is Self-Governance but Should Not Be Confused

with Independence

Decentralization is the Process of Redistributing or Dispersing

Functions

The Advantage of Local Governance Why reforms directed at the local has better chances to work?

❖ LGUs are smaller, easier to manage and reforms may be easier to introduce!

❖ Facilitating interaction between leaders and constituency is less complicated

National/Central Government

Provinces

Municipalities

Barangays

Component Cities

Barangays

Highly Urbanized Cities

Barangays

Department of the Interior and Local

Governments/ Other NGAs

Decentralized Unitary StructureProvided for in Section 25, Art. II and Art. X of the 1987 Philippine Constitution;!

President has “general supervision” over LGUs (Provinces over component cities and municipalities; Highly Urbanized/Independent Cities and Municipalities over Barangays);!

LGUs can raise own revenues, entitled to “just share” in national taxes and “equitable share” in the proceeds of the utilization and development of national wealth.

Decentralization is a Framework

❖ Designed to allow seamless functioning of separate institutions at different levels, at the same time allowing each level to retain integrity;!

❖ As framework, it is like a hardware that can be maximized only depending on the software (programs and or policies)

Decentralization Means More Nat’l Gov’t But Different Role

❖ Fundamental decision-making authority relative to system or administrative-structural changes is the province of the nat’l. gov’t.;!

❖ In terms of resources, it is the nat’l. gov’t. that can share or even transfer what is necessary to the LGUs for the latter to perform the new duties and responsibilities that is assigned.; and!

❖ Nat’l. gov’t. remains the level of gov’t. that enjoys a broad perspective crucial in ensuring coordination among different gov’t agencies at different levels.

Political

Economic

Socio-cultural

National "Government"

Manage Poliecon and"Socio-cultural Dynamics"

Broad Policies/Programs (Standards)"Policy Research

Local Government"Specific Policies/Programs"

Implementation and Coordination"Source of Data on the Ground

Points to Consider for Bangsamoro Local Governance

❖ National/Central Government’s work is with Bangsamoro and the latter works with LGUs;!

❖ Ensure to take note of LGU capacity before assigning specific functions or programs (avoid unfunded mandates);!

❖ Technical support from DILG National and Bangsamoro DILG should always be there;!

❖ Institutionalize mechanism of review (monitoring and evaluation) of Bangsamoro decentralization; and,!

❖ Work closely with Civil Society and Academe to further enrich local governance and development.

The Question of “How” is Always Fundamental but Most Difficult

Policy Making

Broad Cycle of Policy Making

Politics and Policy

The Policy Process

Dynamics of Policy Making

Underpinnings of Local Legislative Process

❖ Policy as Regulation and Program!

❖ Awareness of National-Local and Interlocal Relations and Dynamics!

❖ The Difference of Executive-Legislative Roles and Relations at the National and Local Government!

❖ The Local Executive and Legislator and their Political and Policy Role- Desired Values and Skills!

❖ The Sanguniang Bayan as an Institution!

❖ The fundamental role of research

Governance is Comprehensive and Forward Looking

Requiring Diligence, Persistence and Resilience!see us at www.logodef.org!email edtayao@logodef.org, tweet @edtayao