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Automatic Train ProtectionFrom Wikipe dia, the fr ee encyclopedia

Automatic train protection (ATP) in Great Britain refers to either of two implementations of a train protectionsystem in stalled in some tr ains in order to h elp prevent collisions through a driver's failure to observe a signal or speed restriction. Note that ATP can also refer to automatic train protection systems in general, as implemented

in other parts of Europe and elsewhere.[1]

Contents

1 Dead man's switch2 Overview3 Continuous and intermittent ATP4 Accidents and ATP

4.1 Accidents preventable by ATP4.2 Accidents not preventable by ATP4.3 Accidents reducible by ATP

5 See also6 References

Dead man's s witch

The earliest safet y device was the dead man's s witch, which requires no track-side equipment.

Overvi ew

This system uses a target sp eed indication and audible warnings to warn the train driver if they are likely toexceed a speed profile that will cause the train to pass a red (danger) signal or exceed a speed restriction. Thesystem will apply the brakes if the driver fails to respond to these warnings. The system takes into account thespeed and position of the train relative to the end of its "movement authority" in issuing the warnings and applyingthe brakes.

By t he 1980s, micropro cessors had developed sufficiently for British Rail to carry out pilot tria ls on existingEuro pean "off the shelf" ATP fitting part of the Great Western Main Line with the TBL1 syst em from ACECand the Chiltern Main Line route with SELCAB a derivative of the German LZB system from Alcatel and GEC.

In the early 1990s, following the Clapham Junction rail crash in December 1988, and two other fatal accidentsin early 1989 caused by SPADs, British Rail was keen to implement the ATP system across the entire Britishrailway system. However, the cost (estimated at over 1 billion) was balked at by the Conservative government,whose priority was the privatization of the railways.

All of First Great Western's High Speed Trains (HSTs) are now fitted with ATP and are not allowed to carry passengers unless the system is functioning. This requirement is in response to the Ladbroke Grove rail crash.All Chiltern Railways Class 165 and Class 168 trains are also fitted with ATP. Also, all of Heathrow ExpressClass 332 trains and Heathrow Connect's Class 360/2 trains are fitted with this system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_332http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Connecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladbroke_Grove_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Great_Westernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Accidents_not_preventable_by_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Continuous_and_intermittent_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Dead_man.27s_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_protection_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_protection_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_protection_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_360http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Connecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_332http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_168http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_165http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiltern_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladbroke_Grove_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Great_Westernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Railhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_passed_at_dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clapham_Junction_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_Company_plchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiltern_Main_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_man%27s_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Accidents_reducible_by_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Accidents_not_preventable_by_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Accidents_preventable_by_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Accidents_and_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Continuous_and_intermittent_ATPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#Dead_man.27s_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_protection_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain


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ATP is given permitted speed and location information from the track via encoded balise(s), encoded track circuit or more recently via radio.

In Transport for London's plans to modernise the London Underground network, all lines would be equippedwith ATP, replacing the current train stop system, a mechanical system which currently prevents SPADs andcollisions. The Central Line is already equipped with ATP, installed with the modernisation of the line in 1996.

Continuous and intermittent ATPATP systems may be broadly grouped as continuous and intermittent. With continuous ATP, a cable is laid

between the rails for the full length of the block section. The rails themselves may also be used as the cablewhereby the track talks to the train. With intermittent ATP, beacons called balises are mounted between therails on the approach to signals, and perhaps a few other locations.

ERTMS is an attempt to set a standard for Mainline ATP across Europe where balises, GSM-R Radio and ontrain equipment made by any manufacturer (who are part of the working group) work together with each other.This is achieved by carefully agreeing the functional specification of the system and the format and transmission

methods of data across the air gap, both transponder and radio (GSM-R is the most common system in use).

Accidents and ATP

Accidents preventable by ATP

Russell Hill Subway Crash - 1995 - Driver passed two signals at danger, resulting in a collision between two subway trains. The line was equipped with train stops, but they were installed incorrectlyand thus did not function.

Hines Hill train collision - 1996 - driver misjudges end of crossing loop during simultaneous crosswith opposing train. Two killed.

Watford rail crash - 1996 - Signal passed at danger resulting in collision with coaching stock. Onekilled.

Southall rail crash - 1997 - Signal passed at danger, resulting in a collision between a passenger trainand a freight train crossing the track in front of it.

Ladbroke Grove rail crash - 1999 - inexperienced driver misread complicated signals, passes redsignal and causes head-on collision. [citation needed ]

Glenbrook train disaster - 1999 - too fast after Stop and Proceed.

Waterfall train disaster - 2003 - too fast around very sharp curve after driver suffered a heart attack.Seven Hills, Blacktown and Concord West - drivers take turnout at too high a speed, causing minor

injuries to passengers. [citation needed ]

17 September 2005 Too fast through turnouts between Joliet and Chicago. [2]

Amagasaki rail crash - 2005 - Overspeed through sharp curve. 107 killed, 555 injured. [3]

Chatsworth train collision - 2008 - driver of commuter train passes red signal and collides head-onwith freight train - 25 killed [4]

Hordorf rail crash - 2011 - Signal passed at danger resulting in collision between a passenger trainand a freight train - 10 dead, 23 injured. [5]

Accidents not preventable by ATP

Clapham Junction rail crash - 1988 - wrong-side failure - both signal and balise would have shown
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrong-side_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clapham_Junction_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Saxony-Anhalt_train_collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Chatsworth_train_collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagasaki_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joliet,_Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacktownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_train_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_passed_at_danger#Stop_and_proceedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenbrook_train_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-on_collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladbroke_Grove_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_passed_at_dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southall_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_passed_at_dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watford_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hines_Hill_train_collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_Russell_Hill_subway_accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_passed_at_dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_stophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_for_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balise


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false green lights. 35 killed, 100 plus injured.Cowan rail crash - 1990 - wrong-side failure - caused by sand on the rails.Clementi train collision - 1993 - oil spillage on track, may have interfered with normal ATP operation

on the 12 trains that arrived at Clementi MRT Station in the early morning since the oil have come intocontact with the ATP power system fixed into the rails. The ATP system in question is continuous ATP,which is still used on the North South MRT Line and the East West MRT Line. 156 injuries, no deaths.

Bruehl train disaster - 2000 - too fast through turnout during single-line working and degraded

operations.

Accidents reducible by ATP

In the Gare de Lyon train accident in Paris in 1988, a brake failure was the prime cause of theaccident. However a more modern ATP system, if fitted, might have reduced the intensity of the collisionin two ways:

Firstly, the on board ATP equipment may have detected the excessive speed of the train sooner than the driver did. [citation needed ]

Secondly, the ATP system presumably would have applied a secondary backup brake system,even though this might have "risked" flat wheels. Apparently, the driver failed to apply or forgot theexistence of this secondary brake. [6]

See also

Dead man's switchAutomatic Warning SystemTrain Protection & Warning System

Train protection systemTrain warning system - an Indian system [7]

Automatische treinbenvloeding (ATB) a Dutch system which would have prevented the Harmelen traindisaster.EBICABEuropean Train Control System (ETCS)Anti Collision DeviceLists of rail accidents

References1. ^ IRSE News2. ^ http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/damages-of-29m-awarded-after-derailment/3. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4480031.stm Japanese train crash kills dozens4. ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer; Cieply, Michael (14 September 2008). "Rail Line Says Train Ran Signal; Death Toll at

25" (http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/us/14crash.html?hp) . The New York Times .http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/us/14crash.html?hp. Retrieved 31 March 2010.

5. ^ http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/zugunglueck-in-sachsen-anhalt-sicherungssystem-fehlt-auf-der-ungluecksstrecke-a-742525.html Sicherungssystem fehlt auf der Unglcksstrecke

6. ^ "Runaway Train" (http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/seconds-from-disaster/2389/Overview) .Seconds from Disaster . Season 2. Episode 11. 2005-11-01. National Geographic Channel.http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/seconds-from-disaster/2389/Overview.

7. ^ Track & Signal 2008/4 p87

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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automatic_Train_Protection&oldid=523894567http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_%26_Signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-7http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/seconds-from-disaster/2389/Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconds_from_Disasterhttp://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/seconds-from-disaster/2389/Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-NatGeoSeconds_6-0http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/zugunglueck-in-sachsen-anhalt-sicherungssystem-fehlt-auf-der-ungluecksstrecke-a-742525.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-5http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/us/14crash.html?hphttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/us/14crash.html?hphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-4http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4480031.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-3http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/damages-of-29m-awarded-after-derailment/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution_of_Railway_Signal_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_rail_accidentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_Collision_Devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Train_Control_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBICABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmelen_train_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatische_treinbe%C3%AFnvloedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_Warning_System_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_protection_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_Protection_%26_Warning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Warning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_man%27s_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Train_Protection#cite_note-NatGeoSeconds-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon_train_accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-line_workinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruehl_train_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_West_MRT_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_South_MRT_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementi_MRT_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementi_MRT_Station#1993_train_collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrong-side_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowan_rail_crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia


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