AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE & &

COLLISION AVOIDANCECOLLISION AVOIDANCE

Presented by:Presented by: MOHIT TIWARIMOHIT TIWARI PANKAJPANKAJ JASBIR SINGHJASBIR SINGH RAJ ANANDRAJ ANAND

PROJECT SELECTIONPROJECT SELECTION

Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other means.are preferred over all the other means.

Everyday we come across many railway accidents Everyday we come across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings mainly occurring at unmanned railway crossings mainly due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers. of workers.

We, in this project has come up with a solution for We, in this project has come up with a solution for the same. the same.

BASIC IDEABASIC IDEA

Present project is designed using 89S52 Present project is designed using 89S52 microcontroller.microcontroller.

It has powerful IR transmitters and receivers.It has powerful IR transmitters and receivers. One pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side, One pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side,

the other pair is fixed at down side of the train the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction & the third is for collision avoidance.direction & the third is for collision avoidance.

Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard size of the Indian railway.compartment of standard size of the Indian railway.

When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor opposite direction and gate opens and motor stop stop

A situation where two trains are traveling in opposite A situation where two trains are traveling in opposite directions on the same track is solved here.directions on the same track is solved here.

To overcome this problem, one sensor is placed at the To overcome this problem, one sensor is placed at the either sides of the train.either sides of the train.

If there’s a train approaching from the other side, If there’s a train approaching from the other side, then another sensor placed along that direction gets then another sensor placed along that direction gets activated and will send an interrupt to the controller. activated and will send an interrupt to the controller.

The interrupt service routine ceases the train The interrupt service routine ceases the train movement. movement.

Automatic call facility – when the IR sensor of one Automatic call facility – when the IR sensor of one train detects other train on the same track the train detects other train on the same track the relay is tripped and the phone connected with it relay is tripped and the phone connected with it is dialed with the last called number.is dialed with the last called number.

The controller of the railways gets a call from the The controller of the railways gets a call from the train and acts accordingly. train and acts accordingly.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTIONHARDWARE DESCRIPTION                      

The project consists of five main parts:The project consists of five main parts:

89S52 microcontroller89S52 microcontroller IR SensorIR Sensor     Stepper MotorStepper Motor LCD LCD

BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

There are three part of diagram:There are three part of diagram:

Main controller boardMain controller board Motor circuit boardMotor circuit board Display circuit boardDisplay circuit board

1: MAIN CONTROLLER BOARD1: MAIN CONTROLLER BOARD

2: MOTOR CIRCUIT BOARD2: MOTOR CIRCUIT BOARD

3: DISPLAY CIRCUIT BOARD3: DISPLAY CIRCUIT BOARD

89S52 MICROCONTROLLER89S52 MICROCONTROLLER 32 bit bidirectional I/O lines.32 bit bidirectional I/O lines.

Three 16 bit timer.Three 16 bit timer.

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

Eight Interrupt Sources

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

IR SENSORIR SENSOR This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a receiver unitreceiver unit The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LEDThe transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED Transmitter sensor gives the infra red rays Transmitter sensor gives the infra red rays depending upon the input frequency of the sensor If receiver receives signal from transmitter, theIf receiver receives signal from transmitter, the resistance of the resistor will be low thus sensing the resistance of the resistor will be low thus sensing the signal.signal.

STEPPER MOTORSTEPPER MOTOR Stepper motor is used for controlling the Stepper motor is used for controlling the

gates.gates. They are used in accurate motion control by They are used in accurate motion control by

counting number of steps applied to it.counting number of steps applied to it. Three types:Three types: * Unipolar motor* Unipolar motor * Bipolar motor* Bipolar motor * Variable reluctance motor* Variable reluctance motor ULN2003 is used to increase driving capacity.ULN2003 is used to increase driving capacity.

LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY

LCD display are widely used in robotics, LCD display are widely used in robotics, mobile phones, DVD players.mobile phones, DVD players.

Are of two types:Are of two types: * Text display* Text display * Graphics display* Graphics display Here we have used 16*2 LCD having 14 pins.Here we have used 16*2 LCD having 14 pins.

BENEFITSBENEFITS

Avoids railway accidents at remote areas.Avoids railway accidents at remote areas.

Reduces man-power.Reduces man-power.

Elimination of human error.Elimination of human error.

Time delay due to manual work.Time delay due to manual work.

FUTURE SCOPEFUTURE SCOPE Automatic Barrier Gate Parking Control Automatic Barrier Gate Parking Control

Automatic Traffic Barrier Automatic Traffic Barrier

Barrier Gate Boom Gate Barrier Gate Boom Gate

THANK YOUTHANK YOU