automatic radio network planning tdma

8/8/2019 Automatic Radio Network Planning TDMA

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TU Wien

Automatic Radio Network Planning andutomatic Radio Network Planning andOptimizationptimization

Thomas Neubauer

SYMENA Software & Consulting GmbH, Vienna SMEN

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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006

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Free tickets for theree tickets for the Worldcuporldcup finalinal

3 free tickets

for the Worldcupfinal in Berlin forthe first 3 technical

questions.


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Network Design Network Operation

Capessoapesso helpselps foror designesign andnd optimizationptimization

Betteretter . Fasteraster . Cheaper.Cheaper.


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Number of Sites

Automatic Cost andEfficiency Analysis

Efficient Implementation

AutomaticExport

AutomaticExport

Existing Candidate Sites

Full Implementation

AutomaticNetwork

Design andOptimization

Validation in Planning Tool Validation in Planning Tool

Networketwork Design:esign: Savingsavings in CapEx, OpExn CapEx, OpEx

[%]


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Optimized Live Network

Live Network

Data ready for further processing

Liveive Networketwork Optimizationptimization

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Implementation plan STEPS

RadioNetwork

Optimization

Analysis

Verificationand furtherprocessing


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Capesso Core

Capesso

Distr. Optimization

Module

Capesso Multi Network Joint Optimization Module

Capesso

AutoSolve

Module

Network 1

GSM / iDEN900/1800MHz

Network 2

W-CDMABand 0, Carrier 1

Network 3

CDMA2000Band 0, Carrier 1

Network 4

TD-SCDMACarrier A

Network 5

WiMAXCarrier M

W-CDMAMonte Carlo

Opt. Module

CDMA2000Monte Carlo

Opt. Module

TD-SCDMAMonte Carlo

Opt. Module

Capesso

Visualization

Module

Capesso

Greenfield -

Deployment

Capesso

AATA Techn.

Activation

Capessoapesso Modulesodules - Overviewverview


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Key benefits of Capessoey benefits of Capesso

RNP + Capesso = Better. Faster. Cheaper.

Automated Planning/Optimization with Capesso

Better plans than manually possible (+30%)

Less time for network planning/optimization (-80%)

Cost Savings in CapEx and OpEx (-25%)

Automatic Consistency of projects


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1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status

2. Radio network management basics

3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators

4. Optimising short term and long term objectives

5. Methods for automated optimisation

6. Analysing the results of a live trial


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Customerustomer migrationigration strategytrategy ?

How fast will the number of 3G users take up?

How will data rates take up?

Which services?


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Twowo examplesxamples NTTTT DoCoMooCoMo andnd Vodafoneodafone

NTT-DoCoMo has a fastsubscriber growth

Vodafone:2.4 million 3G customers bymid May

300,000 of whom use 3Gdata cards

10 million 3G customers byend of March 2006

Globally: 100m 3Gcustomers by June 2006


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Comparisonomparison of 2G and 3G technologyf 2G and 3G technology takeake upp

Source: GSMworld

3G growth is muchfaster than 2G

Nokia expects3G/WCDMA phones

to rise to 70 millionby the end of 2005(Source Nokia)

13% of all mobilessold in Europe in2005 will be 3G(Source IDC)


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WCDMACDMA growsrows fasteraster thanhan GSMSM

Source: http://www.gsacom.com


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Global 3G Subscribers to Pass 100 Million Mark inlobal 3G Subscribers to Pass 100 Million Mark in Juneune

Source: http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/June2006/3175.htm


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Radio Network Planning and Optimization in TDMAadio Network Planning and Optimization in TDMA

Coverage Calculation

Available Frequencies

System Capacity

Required Erlang Capacity

Traffic Modeling

Channel

occupency

Time

Number of Users

RequiredNumber

ofChannels

Service coverageprediction andtraffic modeling canbe well separated inTDMA (GSM) typeradio networks

Hence, coverageand capacityoptimization can beseparated

Once coverage isachieved, capacitycan be handled byoptimizationdepartmentCoverage and Capacity can be separatedCoverage and Capacity can be separated


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Coverage/Capacityoverage/Capacity Service Probability in TDMAervice Probability in TDMA

ServiceProb.

Erl/km 2

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Carrier 3

Coverage Area

T h r o u g

h p u

t

Capacity is defined by the number of carriers in the coverage area!Capacity is defined by the number of carriers in the coverage area!

Service probability depends on the number of users in the networkService probability depends on the number of users in the network

# users

low high


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Radio network optimization in TDMA (1)adio network optimization in TDMA (1)

BCCH power could be modified in TDMA

Antenna tilts are in the range of 3-8

The penetration of remote electrical tilt is extremely low inTDMA

TDMA is interference limited because of co-channel

interference (INTER-cell interference)

Many interference problems (e.g. in hilly terrain) can besolved by frequency overlay and hierarchical cell structures


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The size of the coverage area is fixed and depends on the BCCHstrength. A change in the pilot power (and the antenna pattern) willmainly influence the coverage area, not directly the capacity.

Increasing the capacity means to increase the number of frequencieswithin an area

If the number of frequencies is limited, they have to be reused moreefficiently

Frequency Planning is very important for TDMA!

By properly tuning the RF parameters, the C/I can be improved.

Higher C/I allows more efficient frequency reuse higher systemcapacity


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High data rate TDMAsystems have higherC/I requirements

GPRS and EDGE aretypical examples

An optimized RFconfiguration allowsbetter frequencyplans and hencebetter systemperformance

before RFoptimization

after RFoptimization


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Frequency optimization is of high importance for TDMAbased optimization

High data rate services (coding schemes and higherorder modulations) require better C/I conditions

Automated radio network optimization improves theoverall C/I ratio

An RF optimized TDMA configuration allows betterfrequency plans and hence better

system performancehigher data rateshigher network capacity


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Radio Network Planning and Optimization in 3Gadio Network Planning and Optimization in 3GSystem Simulations

Available Channels

System Capacity f (services,load,etc.)

Required Channels

Traffic Modeling

Channel

occupency

Time

Number of Users

RequiredNumber

ofChannels

Service coverageprediction andtraffic modeling canNOT be separatedin CDMA type 3Gradio networks

Hence, coverageand capacityoptimization can beseparated

Optimization needsto be an integratedpart of the radionetwork planningproceduresCoverage and Capacity can NOT be separatedCoverage and Capacity can NOT be separated


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Coverage/Capacityoverage/Capacity Service Probability in CDMAervice Probability in CDMA

ServiceProb.

Erl/km 2

Carrier 1

Coverage Area

T h r o u g

h p u

t

The capacity/area is increased by reducing the effective area!The capacity/area is increased by reducing the effective area!

With higher data rates and higher capacity the cells shrink.With higher data rates and higher capacity the cells shrink.

# users

low high


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Limitations of CDMA networksimitations of CDMA networks

DOWNLINK

System Throughput [bit/s/cell]

Cover

ge

Downlink Capacitylimited

Uplink

Downlink

Uplink Coveragelimited


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Radio network optimization in CDMA (1)adio network optimization in CDMA (1)

CDMA is interference limited in general!

The equivalent to frequency planning in TDMA is codeplanning in CDMA .

There is a limited (but quite high) number of codes forthe forward link code planning is fairly simple in CDMA

The interference includes INTER-cell and INTRA-cellinterference and is spatially colored!

High data rate interferers lead to drastic performancereduction


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Radio network optimization in CDMA (2)adio network optimization in CDMA (2)

The pilot (and common) channel power levels, the antennatilt as well as the antenna azimuth determine the systemperformance

The services with data rates in the range of


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Interdependent parameter optimizationnterdependent parameter optimization

Changing a single parameter will affect neighbor cells

Dependent on the network this will affect further sectors

There is no simple solution for CDMA optimization!

Optimization tools will automatically consider interdependencies


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What are the requirements for 3G?hat are the requirements for 3G?

Short term aspectsMeeting regulatory requirements

Satisfying minimum service probability / quality

Time to market which coverage/quality/capacity hasto be provided when?

Reduce time for site acquisition

Adapt to the required service profiles

Minimize CAPEX

LOW COSTS to satisfy the roll-out requirements!OW COSTS to satisfy the roll-out requirements!


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What are the requirements for 3G?hat are the requirements for 3G?

Long term, strategic aspectsGrowth plan in coverage, quality and capacity

Additional sites to meet traffic expectations

Smooth migration plan

Lack of additional available sites

Best network performance for lowest cost

MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY to satisfy future requirements!AXIMUM FLEXIBILITY to satisfy future requirements!


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Towards Continuous Optimizationowards Continuous Optimization

Planning Launch Operation

Site and Cellactivation

Automaticoptimization of Turn-Key solutions and

network extensions

How to fulfillminimum Coverage,Quality requirementsfor minimum costs

Provide better plansfaster and cheaper

Reduce the time fornetwork set up

Measurementinformation for theautomated fine tuning

of the parametersettings lower costs

Provide minimumrequired quality andcapacity for thelaunch

Trouble Shooting

Include real networkdata to improve theoptimization quality

Trouble shooting onproblem areas

Capacity optimizationwhen new servicesand increasing trafficcome up

Ongoing optimizationdependent on thenetwork information


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Complexity of radio network optimization (1)omplexity of radio network optimization (1)

Radio network optimization is likean N-dimensional state-diagram.

N=(Number of cells) * (Number of parameters/cell) * (Number of valid parameters setting)

In CDMA networks the entire network has to be considered inorder to find the best configuration

The dependencies

between the individualstates have to be knownin order to find thebest solution efficiently!


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Assumption: Only a single ON/OFF decision per cellAssumption: Only a single ON/OFF decision per cell

Complexity: 2 81 possibilities for exhaustive searchComplexity: 2 81 possibilities for exhaustive search

How big is 2 81 ?How big is 2 81 ?

1 ON/OFF = 1mm2 81 ON/OFF = the distance, light travels

during ~250.000 years!

1 ON/OFF = 1mm2 81 ON/OFF = the distance, light travels

during ~250.000 years !

or more than 25mio years when using a 3GHz computer or more than 25mio years when using a 3GHz computer


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A radio network consists of hundreds of sectors withmultiple parameters within given parameter ranges

Radio network optimization is too complex to be donemanually

Tools that automatically find the best solution for theentire network are required

Symenas Capesso delivers the best networkconfiguration for a given network scenario


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Layered Radio Network Optimization Challengesayered Radio Network Optimization Challenges

Propagation LayerPhysical Layer Procedures

Traffic Layer

Higher Layers &System Control


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Key techniques for 3G radio network optimizationey techniques for 3G radio network optimization

AdditionalCarriers

MHA& RET

Higherorder

Receivediversity

HSDPAEV/DOEV/DV

TransmitDiversity

MultipleAntennaPattern

SiteSharing /New Sites

AutomatedNetwork

Optimization

MicroCells

Which technology to usefor best performance?

How to achieve maximumROI?

Where to use which

technology first?

Optimum penetration ofthe advanced technology?

Getting the maximum outof the infrastructure!

SMARTANTENNAS


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Technology limits for Radioechnology limits for Radio Networketwork Optimizationptimization

Which technologies are available?RET antennasHigh power amplifiersMicro cellsHigher sectorization

Which technologies are not available butpromising?

HSDPASmart Antennas / MIMOMore frequency bands (or spectrum efficiency)


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Why remote electrical tilt antennas for 3G?hy remote electrical tilt antennas for 3G?

3G is a purely interference limited system

With the introduction/modification of a newsector/site the interference pattern and theinfluence to the neighbor can be significant!

Interference in 3G networks can be handled veryeffectively by changing the antenna tilt

RET antennas are standardized


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Remote electrical antenna tiltsemote electrical antenna tilts

Remote electrical tilt modifications can be done

with a knob at the antenna itself

on-site, but down at the ground

full remote control (via modem, wireless,at the OMC, anywhere with a laptop, etc.)

Examples: Kathrein, Andrew,Sigma wireless, Allgon, etc.AISG has 47 members


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AntennaSystem

Manager


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Mechanical versus electrical tiltechanical versus electrical tilt

Electrical tilt has more advantages than just costs and time for the adjustment

Remote electrical tilt provides less inter-cell interference than mechanical tilts


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Cost, Time, Equipmentost, Time, Equipment

Which parameters have the highest impact on theradio network performance compared to theircosts?

Which parameters are easy to implement?

What are the side effects of radio networkoptimization?

Which modification does provide the best shortterm as well as long term solution?


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The magic optimization trianglehe magic optimization triangleCoverage

Capacity

QoS

High coverage, high capacity and high QoS isNOT POSSIBLE at the same time!

Cost


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Optimization targetptimization target - Coverageoverage

Coverage is measured by thereceived pilot signal strength

The received pilot (CPICH) is a keyindicator for system coverage,especially indoor coverage

Symenas Capesso achieves:Better system coverageHigher received signal strengthlevelsDesign a network that satisfiesminimum coverage requirementsTarget levels individually set fordifferent areas, e.g. clutters

before

after


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Pilot pollution, SHO overhead: 1ilot pollution, SHO overhead: 1 stt 2 ndd pilotilot

Pilot pollution and SHO overheadare directly related to the differencebetween 1 st 2 nd received pilot

Both, pilot pollution and too highSHO overhead are very critical forthe initial design of a UMTSnetwork

Symenas Capesso achieves:Reduced SHO overheadReduced pilot pollutionHigher system qualityImproved overall capacity

before

after


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Overshooting, Worst polluter: 1vershooting, Worst polluter: 1 stt N thh pilotilot

Overshooting and the worst polluterare directly related to the differencebetween 1 st N th received pilot

The worst polluter depends on thenumber of implemented RAKEfingers

Symenas Capesso achieves:Eliminating the effect ofovershootingReducing the worst polluterImproved system qualityHigher network capacity

before

after


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Network quality and capacityetwork quality and capacity - Ecc /IoIo

Ec/Io considers both the signalquality as well as the interferencesituation

The interference Io includes thetraffic channels and hence thesystem load

Symenas Capesso achieves:Improve the Ec/Io level for the entirenetworkDesign a network that satisfiesminimum Ec/Io requirementsImprove system capacity


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Clutter dependent optimization weights and requirementslutter dependent optimization weights and requirements

Optimization targets can beweighted on clutter basis. E.g.:

Coverage: Rural 1; Urban 2Quality: Rural 0.5; Urban 3

Optimization requirements canbe defined individually on aclutter basis, e.g.

Coverage rural: -100dBmCoverage urban: -80dBm

Any combination of optimizationtargets is possible


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Example for a traffic mapxample for a traffic mapClutter data usually defines thebasis for any 3G trafficassumption

2G traffic measurements. Whereno 2G traffic occurs, 3G trafficis highly unlikely!

3G service expectations.Different services are expectedto happen in different locations

Temporal hotspots will have a

different pattern compared to2G

Nobody knows WHERE WHICH SERVICE will happen WHEN !


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Make sure to meet the optimization target!ake sure to meet the optimization target!

Short term aspectsMeeting regulatory requirementsSatisfying minimum service probability/qualityTime to marketReduce time for site acquisitionAdapt to the required service profilesMinimize CAPEX

Long term, strategic aspectsGrowth planAdditional sites to meet future expectationsSmooth migration planLack of additional available sitesBest network performance for lowest cost


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Widely used Key Performance Measuresidely used Key Performance Measures

CoverageReceived CPICH power levels to ensure indoor coverage

Reduce pilot pollution and SHO overheadSHO ratios of up to 50% dramatically reduce network

performance

Ec/Io to ensure service availability and considernetwork loading

Automated radio network optimization handlesthese key performance measures jointly


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C o v e r a g e

@ Q

u a

l i t y & C a p a c

i t y

Coverage requirement

Capacity requirement

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

availablesites

time


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Maximize Performance for Multiple Outcomesaximize Performance for Multiple Outcomes

Phased radio network deployment deliversLower initial network deployment costsMaximum flexibility

Full cost and efficiency analysis

What if questions to be answeredNew requirements to be includedMultiple designs compared head to headAnalysis for cost, implementation time, report, etc.Different traffic forecasts and modelsMigration to high data rate services

Reliable results directly verified in planning tool(including measurement verification)

Reduces the deployment risksOK?

What if?

Initialrequirements

Newrequirements

Extension, NewServices, etc.

Verify withmeasurements


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How much network should be deployed when?ow much network should be deployed when?

3G radio network performance heavily depends onthe traffic requirements

Capacity estimations include anumber of assumptions

Building and optimizing 3G radionetworks on expectations is risky

What are the current limitations for3G networks?

What are the minimum requirementsfor network deployment?


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Building Networks on Assumptionsuilding Networks on Assumptions

Traffic predictionsWhen is high data rate traffic expected?Traffic patterns depend on multiple factors and they will changeWhat can happen in 3 years?Even if all assumptions are correct the last base station will bedeployed 3 years before it is needed.

RisksIf traffic develops more slowly than predicted thenwasted infrastructure will be deployed even sooner.Where is wasn't predictedServices not predictedEach risk will interact with the other Risks


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Why to optimize a network?hy to optimize a network?

Availability of sites,acquisition

Planning permission, siteupgrade

Availability ofinfrastructure, antennareplacement

What are the requirementsfor coverage, quality,capacity?

Which services areexpected when and where?How much traffic?

Service demand: Which service, where, when? How will the traffic grow Performance requirements Coverage requirements Capacity requirements

Minimum: Regulator requirements Sufficient coverage Sufficient performanceMaximum: Low CapEx and OpEx Highest flexibilityOthers: Which sites are available When are they available Deployment costs and timeadio Network

Radio NetworkOptimization


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Automated optimization reduces risksutomated optimization reduces risks

Planning Launch Operation

KPIKPI

Optimization target

Better Network for Lower CostBetter Network for Lower Cost

Assumptions Measurements Network data (RNC/OMC)

Existing Radio Network Planning Platform

Cost function


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Which parameters to optimize for improvement?hich parameters to optimize for improvement?

Pilot power and common channel power levels

Antenna Tilt

Antenna Azimuth

Antenna Pattern

Antenna Height


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Which parameters to optimize? Pilot Powerhich parameters to optimize? Pilot Power

Higher pilot power larger coverage area

Pilot power can be adjusted remotely very cheaply

Changing the pilot power has an impact on theinterference, power budget and SHO performance

High Pilot Power Low Pilot Power


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What is the effect of PILOT power changes?hat is the effect of PILOT power changes?

TXpower

PropagationLoss

RXpower Total

Interference

Eb/No

Reverse (UP) link

Due to the change in pilotpower, the effective coveragearea is affected

Far-off mobiles require more TXpower!

Forward (Down) link

The propagation loss remainsthe same

The TX power (for the pilot) is

increased

The RX power is henceincreased

The coverage area is affected


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Which parameters to optimize?hich parameters to optimize? - Tiltilt

The antenna down-tilt has similar effects as the pilot power

Large antenna down-tilt small coverage area

Antenna tilt can be done remotely Remote electrical tilt(RET) antennas.

Small Tilt Large Tilt


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What is the effect of ANTENNA TILT changes?hat is the effect of ANTENNA TILT changes?

TXpower

PropagationLoss

RXpower Total

Interference

Eb/No

Reverse (UP) link

The propagation loss is affectedin the same way as in theforward link

The required UE TX power willbe increased/reduced

Forward (Down) link

The antenna gain is re-directed

The effective propagation lossis reduced (increased)

The RX power (andinterference) will be increased(reduced)


The power levels are notmodified!


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Which parameters to optimize? Azimuthhich parameters to optimize? Azimuth

Changing the antennaazimuth influences thecoverage area

Interference pattern can behandled very effectively withazimuth changes

Azimuth is very importantfor network roll-out

Azimuth can not be doneremotely higher costs


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What is the effect of ANTENNA Azimuth changes?hat is the effect of ANTENNA Azimuth changes?

TXpower

PropagationLoss

RXpower Total

Interference

Eb/No

Reverse (UP) link



Forward (Down) link







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Which parameters to optimize? Antenna Patternhich parameters to optimize? Antenna Pattern

Different antenna pattern canchange the coverage and qualitymeasures significantly

Base stations need to shut downfor antenna change

Antenna pattern are unlikely tochange during operation, butlikely for roll-out

Optimizing antenna pattern ismore a strategic decision


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What is the effect of ANTENNA Pattern changes?hat is the effect of ANTENNA Pattern changes?

TXpower

PropagationLoss

RXpower Total

Interference

Eb/No

Reverse (UP) link



Forward (Down) link







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Which parameters to optimize?hich parameters to optimize? Antenna Heightntenna Height

Antenna height is important for below and above roof top

Antenna height can not be modified during operation

Antenna height is a strategic optimization parameter

High antennas cause a lot of interference


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Sectorector specificpecific onn -siteite knowledgenowledge

Some sector antennas are manually optimized or can notbe modified during an optimization

Motorway there is no intention to change azimuths

Antennas mounted on a wall

Different construction limitations

Antennas mounted on a power pole

Antennas at a mast shared with a competitor

The optimization tool has to allow to disable (limit) anymodification to these specific antenna


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Enhanced technologies to increase Capacity & Coveragenhanced technologies to increase Capacity & Coverage

Additional Carriers

Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMA) and Tower MountedBoosters (TMB)

Higher order RX diversity

Transmit diversity

Higher Sectorization (Cell Splitting)

Infrastructure Sharing

Smart Antennas


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Additional Carriersdditional Carriers

Case 1:1+1+1=3 sectors(20W each)



Capacity gain is not big.Coverage is increaseddue to higher power.

About 2x the capacity(truncing gain, )

Conventionalconfiguration

Reverse link is not the

limiting factor.

Forward linkReverse link

Additional carriers bring a lot of downlink capacityAdditional carriers bring a lot of downlink capacity


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Tower Mounted Amplifier (Mast Head Amplifier)ower Mounted Amplifier (Mast Head Amplifier)

Reduces the Noise Figure of the receiverincreases the reverse link coverage range

Effect on capacity depends on the limiting conditionsRL limited: not a great impact on the RL capacityFL limited: FL capacity is reduced due to an additional loss

MHA helps to improve the reverse link coverageMHA helps to improve the reverse link coverage

...1

+

+=

MHA

Feeder MHA

G

NF NF NF


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Higher order RX diversityigher order RX diversity

Only possible at the base station

Performance depends on the radio propagation channel

A number of statistically independent signals are neededmultiple antennas

sufficient antenna spacing in order to obtain independent signalscombination of various diversity methods (polarization, space, )high number of receiver branches

All received signals must have similar mean power levels

Higher order RX diversity can improve boththe reverse link coverage and capacity

Higher order RX diversity can improve boththe reverse link coverage and capacity


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TX DiversityX Diversity

RX diversity is not possible at the mobile

TX diversity: send the information from the BS so that the signals canbe combined coherently at the mobile

Problem: FL channel estimation for pre-distortion

Open loop TX diversity: Space Time Coding

Closed loop TX diversity: MS sends feedback to BS

TX diversity will mainly improve forward link capacityTX diversity will mainly improve forward link capacity

Relatively easy to implement (cross polarized antennas)Relatively easy to implement (cross polarized antennas)


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Higher Sectorizationigher Sectorization

Higher number of cells per site

Choice of antennas is crucialoverlapping antenna pattern define the SHO areasincrease of intercell interference

Requires more PA, TRx, Feeder

Impact on both coverage (higher gain of the narrow-beamantennas) and capacity (less interference per cell)

Highest effect in high loaded macro-cellsHighest effect in high loaded macro-cells


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Infrastructure Sharingnfrastructure Sharing

Construction and site premises sharingTransmission sharing (cascade, ring, star)Power/cooling system sharing (indoor)Antenna system sharing

TowerAntennasFeeder cables

Shared

feeder

Duplexer

ASC

Sharedantenna

Base stationOperator A

Base stationOperator BTo RNC

Sharedtransmission


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CDMA Site sharingDMA Site sharing

The antenna-to-antenna isolationhas to be at least 40dB to ensurethat no receiver sensitivitydegradation occurs.

The antenna-to-antenna isolationhas to be at least 40dB to ensurethat no receiver sensitivitydegradation occurs.

Operator A Operator B

IsolationAntenna A

Antenna B


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Considerations for site sharing, e.g. in Europeonsiderations for site sharing, e.g. in EuropeSite (infrastructure) sharing is not always technically possible

EU approval for UK (T-mobile and mm02) includes about 10-15% ofthe population no major cities are included

There is no trans European rule for site and infrastructure sharing

Site sharing is differentto national roaming

Vendors are building infrastructurethat helps to operators to share theequipment more efficiently

Battery backupmax 15 min.

ACCU+BFU

4 2 5

3 5 0

3 0 0

2 7 5

1 4 0 0

1 6 0 0

150

OP. Equip.

575

400

225

Battery box 2 4 0


Slide 84

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How do Smart Antennas enhance 3G CDMA?ow do Smart Antennas enhance 3G CDMA?

DOWNLINK

System Throughput [bit/s/cell]

C o v

e r a g e

FL Capacitylimited

Reverse link

Forward link

RL Coveragelimited

ServiceCoverage

improvement

ServiceCoverage

improvement

Capacityimprovement

Capacityimprovement


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Coverage and Capacity enhancementoverage and Capacity enhancement - overviewverview

xmart Antennas

(x)(x)(x)(x)Site Sharingxx(x)(x)Higher Sectorization

xTX Diversity

xxHigher order RX diversity

xTower Mounted Amplifier

xAdd. Carriers and Codes

capcovcapcov

Forward linkReverse link


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Straighttraight forwardorward workfloworkflow foror networketwork designesign

Step 1: Potential sitesExisting site locations (e.g. fromGSM, Crown Castle, etc)Hexagonal cell gridDefined site locations

Step 2: Area of interest defineFocus Zone in planning tool

Step 3: Define Roll-outrequirements

E.g. 95% coverage at -100dBm

Step 4 : Run Capesso

Step 5: Verification of the resultsin the original planning tool

Step 6: Report, Implementationplan and Financial Analysis


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How can Capesso help?ow can Capesso help?

Capesso builds on the existing data

Multiple requirements can be considered jointlyLow initial network deployment costsMaximum flexibility

Reliable results directly verified in planning tool

Capesso provides full cost analysis

What if questions to be answered

New requirements to include automaticallyMultiple designs compared head to headAnalysis for cost, implementation time, report, etc.

OK?

What if?

Initialrequirements

Newrequirements

Capesso delivers the best results in a fraction of thetime for the manual plan


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Plan for network now, butlan for network now, but dontont pay now!ay now!

There is no need to deploy high capacity networks at themoment

Key criteria are based on coverage and sufficient serviceperformance, i.e. Ec/Io

Later deployment also reduces the risk of investing ininfrastructure where it might not be needed

Later deployment, optimized by an automatedoptimization tool will save about 8-12% Capex (and Opexof a similar amount)


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Practical Implementation Planningractical Implementation Planning

Theoretically all changes shouldbe implemented simultaneously

Practically changes areimplemented sequentially

What is the best order forchanges?

Highest impact firstBest valueQuickest gain

No backward step


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Limited Budget + Implementation Planimited Budget + Implementation Plan

Optimize budget use

Improve performanceconsistency acrossmarkets

Refine optimizationplan

Smart up yournetwork!

0

10

20

30

40

50

6070

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Budget [ % ]

G a i n [ %

]

1

2

3

beforeoptimization

55% budget80% of gain

100% budget100% of gain


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Slide 92

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Networketwork optimizationptimization examplexample

Area includes about 270km 2

More than 370 candidate sites (>1100 sectors)

The optimization target was:Stage 1: Provide sufficient coverageStage 2: Increase Ec/Io for more advanced services

Maintain high flexibility of the network and keepoptimization costs as low as possible


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Stagetage 1 Requiredequired sitesites foror coverageoverage ? (1)(1)

11

93

7 5 5 7

3 9 1

1 0 9

1 2 7

1 4 5

1 6 3

1 8 1

1 9 9

2 1 7

2 3 5

2 5 3

2 7 1

2 8 9

3 0 7

3 2 5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

C o v e r a g e a r e a [ k m 2 ]

N u m b e r

o f s i t e s

These sites do not addsignificantly to the

coverage area

Later deployment of the

least significant sites Savings in Net Present Valueof both CapEx and OpEx

Capesso automatically detects which sites should be deployedand configured - and which should be delayed


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Stagetage 1 Requiredequired sitesites foror coverageoverage ? (2)(2)

In the initial network design the most (and least)important sites are identified automatically byoptimization

The least significant sites can be delayed, as they are notneeded for the initial coverage requirements

However, all of the sites will be required for the 3G longterm requirement, especially with technologies such asHSDPA

Result: 23% less sites have been deployed (delayed) ascoverage and basic quality was the objective in Stage 1.


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Stagetage 2 Improvemprove coverageoverage andnd Ecc /Ioo (1)1)

NO additional siteshave been deployed

Only RETmodifications weredone

Significant coverageimprovements93 97% @ -70dBm

Steady improvementat all levels!

-7 0 -8 0 -90-1 01

9 0, 0 % 9 1, 0 % 9 2, 0 % 9 3, 0 % 9 4, 0 % 9 5, 0 % 9 6, 0 % 9 7, 0 % 9 8, 0 % 9 9, 0 % 1 0 0, 0

%

C o v e

r e d A r e a [ % ]

CPICH coverage threshold [dBm]

Before Capesso After Capesso


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Stagetage 2 Improvemprove coverageoverage andnd Ecc /Ioo (2)2)

Higher data ratesrequire higherEc/Io

Significant

improvements athigh Ec/Io levelscan be achieved

At low Ec/Io levelsthe manual radiodesign wassufficient

-8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14-15

4 0, 0 %

5 0, 0 % 6 0, 0 %

7 0, 0 %

8 0, 0 %

9 0, 0 %

1 0 0, 0 %

A r e a f u

l f i l l i n g E c / I o

r e q u i r

e m e n t s [ % ]

Ec/Io [dB]



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Improvementsmprovements achievedchieved withith RETET modificationsodifications

Significant improvements in both coverage and Ec/Io

E c / I o > =

- 8

E c / I o

> = - 9

E c / I o

> = - 1 0

E c / I o

> = - 1 1

E c / I o

> = - 1 2

E c / I o

> = - 1 3

E c / I o

> = - 1 4

E c / I o

> = - 1 5

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

I m p r o v e m e n t

A performanceimprovement of morethan 40% (absolutearea!) was achieved athigh Ec/Io levels

For low levels there isno gain potential, asthe performance

requirements arealready fulfilled bymanual design


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Capacityapacity (serviceervice probabilityrobability ) improvementmprovement

The number ofrejected users in thenetwork simulationsare reducedsignificantly.

Capesso provides anoverall better networkperformance:

More coverageBetter qualityHigher capacity

P m o b >

P m o b M a

x

P t c h > P

t c h M a x

E c / I o <

( E c / I o ) m

i n

l o a d s a t

u r a t i o n

C e l l p o w

e r s a t u r

a t i o n

M u l t i p l e

c a u s e s

A d m i s s i o

n r e j e c t i

o n

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

A v e

r a g e n u m

b e r o f r e j e c t e d u

s e r s



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Changeshanges too thehe networketwork configurationonfiguration

Only RET antennamodifications were done

A standard RET antennawas used (Kathrein)

RET settings allow arange of [0..10]

Highly cost efficientoptimization solution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

20406080

100120140160180200

N u

m b e r o f c h a n g e s

Elect rical tilt changes []

[email protected]

automatic radio network planning tdma

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