automated irrigation system using x-bee and labview

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International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Engineering Trends, Communication, Optimization and Sciences (EEECOS)-2016

AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING

X-BEE AND LabVIEW

SHARVIN RANE

STUDENT, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUNE(COEP),SHIVAJI NAGAR, PUNE, INDIA-411005

[email protected]

SUNIL ADASOL




[email protected]

APEKSHIT CHANDEKAR




[email protected]

ROHAN SHINDE




[email protected]

Keywords— soil moisture sensor; Temperature Sensor;

wireless Sensor network; ZigBee; LabVIEW; Relay;

Solenoid valve.

Abstract— Irrigation of plants is usually a very time-

consuming activity, to be done in a reasonable amount of

time it requires a large amount of human resources

.Traditionally, all the steps were executed by humans. Now

a days, some systems use technology to reduce the number

of workers or the time required to water the plants. With

such systems, the control is very limited and many

resources are still wasted. Water is one of the resources

that are used excessively. Mass irrigation is one method

used to water the plant. This method represents massive

losses since amount of water given is in excess of plant’s

needs. The excess water is evacuated by the holes of the

pots in greenhouse, or it percolates through the soil in the

fields. The contemporary perception of water is that of a

free, renewable resource that can be used in abundance,

water consumption is taxed. It is therefore reasonable to

assume that it will soon become a very expensive resource

everywhere. In addition to the excess cost of water.Labour

is becoming more and more expensive. As a result if no

effort is invested in optimizing these resources. There will

be more money involved in the same process. Technology is

probably a solution to reduce costs and prevent loss of

resources.

1. INTRODUCTION In this work, an automated irrigation system is suggested to

minimize the water input and human intervention, while

satisfying the plant’s needs. First, the details of the problem

are summarized .The objective and scope of the project is

described .Some general approaches to the design are

reviewed. The results and conclusions of an experiment to

determine the required amounts of water are discussed. Then,

The suggested design is explained in detail with the purpose,

Requirements and constraints, simulation and test results for

each of its parts. A brief cost analysis is performed to estimate

the viability of such a project on the market. Finally, the

design is criticized and suggestions are made for future

improvements.

2. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

The objective of this project was to design a small-scale

automated irrigation system that would use water in a more

efficient way, in order to prevent water loss and minimize the

cost of labor.

The following aspects were considered in the choice of a

design solution:

1. Installation costs

2. Water savings

3. Human intervention

4. Reliability

5. Power consumption

6. Maintenance

7. Expandability

A more complex approach is the two-level feedback control. It

requires an electric soil moisture probe and an electronic

controller. The controller may be a custom electronic circuit or

a programmable Microcontroller. The probe reads the soil

moisture periodically and the controller saves it into a register.

This data is compare to a threshold level, and depending on

the output of the comparator, the valve is either open or

closed. The feedback loop has two definite advantages over all

open-loop approaches. First, the water flow is based on

demand; this reduces the risk of waste or overflow. Second,

there is virtually no human monitoring required. The tradeoff

is complexity: it increases the costs and the risk of failure.

SUHAS M. KAKADE

ASST. PROF. AT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING PUNE (COEP),

SHIVAJI NAGAR, PUNE, INDIA-411005

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]




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More effort must be invested in testing the stability of such a

system to avoid a situation in which water would flow

indefinitely.

Fig1. Design Approach

3. AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURE

Fig2. System Architecture

System 1

Entire automated irrigation system is divided into 3 parts/

system configuration firstly the water level inside the tank

will be monitored and controlled independently by ultrasonic

sensor ( HC - SR04) by operating pump using a relay

according to level of water inside the tank, ON when water

level is low and Off when high. By uploading the embedded

‘C’ code inside the microcontroller ATMEGA328P of

Arduino.

System 2

Monitoring temperature and the moisture level in the soil

using soil sensors, Temperature sensor (DHT11) and

operating solenoid valve when the moisture level is very

low(soil is dry) shown by average value of soil sensors and

then turning it on using a relay and vice versa when moisture

is high (soil is over wet) the entire process is monitored on

LabVIEW.

System 3

Monitoring the moisture level in the soil using soil sensor and

sending its analog value using Xbee wirelessly to the computer

from remote location and operating the solenoid valve

remotely from LabVIEW using a relay at the location where

soil sensor is installed on same principle in system 2.

4. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

TABLE I: DEVICES SPECIFICATION Sr.no. Device Specification

1. Soil Sensor Working voltage: 5V

Working Current: <2Oma

Interface: Analog

Depth of detection: 37mm

2. Temperature

sensor

(DHT11)

Resolution: 16Bit

Repeatability: ±0.2℃

Range: At 25℃ ±2℃

Response time: 1 / e (63%)

3. Ultrasonic

Sensor (HC -

SR04)

Working Voltage DC 5 Working

Current 15mA Working Frequency

40Hz Max Range 4m Min Range

2cm Measuring Angle 15.

4. Solenoid valve Inlet / Outlet : ½” BSPM Mounting

: Bottom Mounting Food Contact

On request Flow rate: 30 LPM Inlet

Filter: Encapsulated SS mesh, 0.45

mm.Valve Type : Normally Closed

(0.2 to 8bar)

5. Xbee Performance Indoor/Urban Range

up to 133 ft. (40 m) Outdoor RF

line-of-sight Range up to 400 ft.

(120 m).

6. Arduino UNO Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5VSupply

Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Soil sensor:-

Probe is feedback instrument of the automated irrigation

system. It used to measure moisture content of the soil. It is to

be placed permanently. When it’s getting activated, means of

5v supply then it sends electrical output signals which is given

to the comparator circuit. This comparator circuit reads the

signals, whose output is given to microcontroller.

Fig 3.Soil Sensor

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Comparator circuit

Comparator circuit converts analog voltage from the probe

driver into six binary voltages (approximately 0 v to 5 v).

Output is high when humidity is high than its corresponding

threshold value and low when it is lower. These results are

forwarded to logic circuit. Thresholds are based on common

humidity levels. They are associated with assumed values viz.

0, 20,40,60,80 and 100% humidity.

Temperature sensor (DHT11)

Fig4. Temperature Sensor

This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity measurement

component and an NTC temperature measurement component,

and connects to a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller,

offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference

ability and cost-effectiveness.

Ultrasonic sensor

Fig5. Ultrasonic Sensor

sensor works by transmitting an ultrasonic (well above human

hearing range) burst and providing an output pulse that

corresponds to the time required for the burst echo to return to

the sensor. By measuring the echo pulse width, the distance to

target can easily be calculated.

Solenoid Valve

Fig6. Solenoid Valve

When the solenoid valve is energized it generates the magnetic

field which triggers the movement of plunger against the

action of spring, due to which the plunger moves in the

upward direction which allows the opening of orifice which

allows the flow of fluid from inlet port to outlet port. If the

solenoid valve is Normally Closed type. When it de energized

the magnetic field is lost the plunger moves downwards and

the orifice is closed and the flow of fluid is stopped.

X-Bee 2mW Wire Antenna - Series 2:

Fig7. Xbee Module

This is the X-Bee XB24-Z7WIT-004 module from Digi.

Series 2 improves on the power output and data protocol.

Series 2 modules allow you to create complex mesh networks

based on the X-Bee ZB Zig-Bee mesh firmware. These

modules allow a very reliable and simple communication

between microcontrollers, computers, systems, really anything

with a serial port! Point to point and multi-point networks are

supported. These are essentially the same hardware as the

older Series 2.5, but have updated firmware. They will work

with Series 2.5 modules if you update the firmware through X-

CTU Software.

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Arduino UNO Board

Fig8. Arduino UNO Board

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6

analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a

USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset

button. It contains everything needed to

support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer

with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC

adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all

preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI

USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2

programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

5. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION:

LabVIEW:-

LabVIEW is a system-design platform and development

environment for visual programming language from National

Instruments. LabVIEW is commonly used for data

acquisition, instrument control, and industrial automation. The

programming language used in LabVIEW are Dataflow

programming and Graphical programming.

LabVIEW programs/subroutines are called virtual instruments

(VIs). Each VI has three components: a block diagram, a front

panel and a connector panel. The front panel is built using

controls and indicators. Controls are inputs – they allow a user

to supply information to the VI. Indicators are outputs – they

indicate, or display, the results based on supply the inputs

given to the VI.The back panel, which is a block diagram,

contains the graphical source code.

.

Fig9.Internal Flow Diagram

Fig10. LabVIEW Block Diagram

Fig11. LabVIEW Front Panel

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6. RESULT

Sensors and ZigBee are interfaced to microcontroller. The

sensed parameters and output solenoid valve status are

displayed on LabVIEW front panel. The received parameters

are continuously displayed on graphical user interface and the

data and time of each value is stored in system database, the

below table II shows the results stored in Micro Soft Access

Database. Hence, the project automated irrigation is designed

and developed. The developed system is successful in

measuring the dryness of the soil, relative humidity and

temperature. The values received values which are stored in

system database are used for further analysis.

Table II: received Sensor Values with Time and Date

7. CONCLUSION

1. An automated irrigation system was successfully designed

and assembled. It serves to reduce the consumption of water

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used, the human monitoring time and the labor associated with

the standard method.

2. This design uses time feedback control to measure the soil

moisture and turn on the valve on the demand, on regular

intervals.

3. Such system can be manufactured at relatively low cost

using simple electronic parts.

4. It can be installed easily in home environment and require

little resources.

More tests needed to be conducted before the efficiency,

reliability can be demonstrated. Additionally, many

improvements can be made to make the system more versatile,

customizable and user-friendly.

REFERENCES:

[1] Marie france lerou “Design of Automated Irrigation

System”

Mc Gill University Canada, research paper(2005).

[2] Jia Uddin, S.M. Taslim Reza, Qader Newaz, Jamal Uddin,

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System Using Solar Power” Published in international

conference , Dhaka, Bangladesh(2012).

[3] Pravina B. Chikankar, Deepak Mehetre, Soumitra Das “

An Automatic Irrigation System using ZigBee in Wireless

Sensor Network” Published in international conference on

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Calderón Mateos, Maria-Cristina Marinescu, Borja Bergua

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[5] Aqeel-ur-Rehman, Abu Zafar Abbasi, Noman Islam, Zuba

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[6] W. Su, Y. Sankara subramaniam, E. Cayirci, I.F, Akyildiz,

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[7] R. Challooa, A. Oladeindea, N. Yilmazera, S. Ozcelikb,

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[9] M. Nassau Sudha, M.L. Valarmathi, Anni Susan Babu,

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automated irrigation system using x-bee and labview

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