autocad drawing manual

7/30/2019 AutoCAD Drawing Manual

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARTCHITECTURE & BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

COMPUTER-AIDED-DRAFTING MANUAL

EM101/ED109/EE202

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / ENGINEERING DESIGN

Lecturer/Instructor: _________________________________________

Name: __________________________________________________

Student ID: ______________________________________________

Course: _________________________________________________

MAY 2012


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EM101/ED109/EE202 | Engineering Graphics and Design

Updated Jan 2012 1 | P a g e

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 General Instructions 2

2 Laboratory Protocols 2

3 Lab Experiments

LESSON 1 Startup 3

LESSON 2 Drawing Commands 5

LESSON 3 Modify Commands 1 8



LESSON 6 Dimensioning 17

LESSON 7 Orthographic Projections 19

LESSON 8 Solid Modeling 22

LESSON 9 Sectional Views 29


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1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

The lesson in this manual are designed to provide the students some fundamental concepts in

computer-aided drafting. Students are required to practice the exercises as designed in the

manual. All exercises are to be complete within the allotted time.

2 LABORATORY PROTOCOLS

Students are required to comply with the following rules when in the lab.

1. Swapping of lab session is strictly not allowed. Work done in other than the registered labsession will be graded zero (0).

2. Always be punctual. Students later than 15 minutes are not allowed to enter the lab.3. All hand phones must be switched off. (Lecturer/instructor reserves the right not to allow

students who do not follow this rule to enter the lab).

4. Eating and drinking in the lab are strictly prohibited.5. Always follow the instruction of the lab instructor or lecturer before the start of the lab.6. Clean the working area and return all benches to their respective places before you leave

the lab.

7. All class work must be completed and submit within the allotted time. Any latesubmission will be graded zero.


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LESSON 1 STARTUP

Objective

This topic introduces the fundamentals in starting up of AutoCAD.

Learning Outcome

The student is able to begin drawing with AutoCAD and create new layer (lines).

Introduction

Design and drafting activities can be accomplished by using a computer, and hence it is refer

as Computer-Aided Design (CAD). AutoCAD and SolidWork are common CAD software

package used to create designs and generate drawings for documentations. It has better

accuracy, productivity and the ability to share CAD file with other software programs.

Starting AutoCAD

To start drawing by AutoCAD, the student must be able to identify the:

1. Graphics AreaThe large central area of the screen is the graphics area. It displays the lines, circles

and other objects you draw that will make up the drawing.

2. Command LineAny command that is entered or any prompt that AUTOCAD issues appear here. It

gives the current state of drawing activity.

3. ToolbarsAutoCAD provides a variety of toolbars. It contains a number of icons that can be

picked to invoke commands for drawing or editing objects (Lines, arcs, circle, and

etc.)

4. Pull-down MenuIt is at the top of the screen just under the title bar. Selecting any of the words in the

menu bar activates, or pulls down, the respective menu

5. Screen (side) MenuScreen menu can be made appear by selecting Options from tools pull-down menu.

Display background color can be changed from here


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6. Status BarStatus bar is a set of informative words or symbols that give the status of the drawing

aids. It appears at the very bottom of the screen. The drawing aids can be toggled on

or off by single clicking (pressing the left mouse button once)

Command Entry

There are few possible methods for entering commands in AUTOCAD:-

1. Toolbars2. Pull-down menu3. Keyboard

Function Keys

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

HelpFlip

screen

Osnap

ToggleTablet Isoplane Coords Grid Ortho Snap Polar

Osnap

TrackingDYN

Working with Files

Same as Microsoft Window

Units

You can choose either metric (mm) or Imperial unit (British unit) to start your drawing.

Unit can be changed by selecting Units from the Formatpull-down menu.

Drafting Setting Object Snap

Object snap can be activated by selectingDrafting Setting from Tool pull-down menu.

You can activate or deactivate object snap mode from there.

Create New Layer

Click layer properties manager Click new layer or Alt-N Click color ,choose the required color) , press OK Click line type, press LOAD, choose required lines type, click OK


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LESSON 2 DRAWING COMMANDS

Objective

This topic enables the student to learn the basic drawing commands (line, rectangle, polygon,

erase, circle, ellipse, arc)

Learning Outcome

The student is able to draw by using line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc

commands

Coordinate Entry

There are many ways to specify the coordinates (tell AutoCAD the location of points) when

you draw or edit objects. There are two coordinates formats: Cartesian format and polar

format. The Cartesian format specifies x and y (e.g. 3, 7), while the polar format indicates the

distance and angle (e.g. 6 45). The coordinates types are absolute coordinates (3, 7 or 6

45) and relative coordinates (@ 3, 7 or @ 6 45). Absolute coordinates are typically used to

specify the first point of a line or other object while relative coordinates are typically used

for the next point.

Drawing Commands line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc

Line

Select the line icon or type line Type 10, 10, click enter Type @ 70 0, click enter Type @ 50 90, click enter Type @ 70 180, click enter Type c (close), click enter

Erase

Select the erase icon or type erase Click the unwanted object and click enter

70

50

10, 10


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Circle

Below are methods in drawing circle:

1. Center radius Select the circle icon or type circle Select center point Type 50 (radius = 50)

2. Center diameter Select the circle icon or type circle Select center point

Type D (D = diameter) Type 100 (diameter = 100)

3. 2 points Draw 2 lines as shown Select the circle icon or type circle Select 2p

Select first point (as shown in figure) Select second point (as shown in figure)

Ellipse

Draw the figure as shown Select the ellipse icon or type ellipse Type c (center point)

Select first point Select second point

Arc

Draw the figure as shown Select the arc icon or type arc Type c (center point)

Select starting point of the arc Select end point of the arc

50

30

1st

point

2n

point

End

point

80

30

First

point

First point

80

30

Second

point


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Exercise


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LESSON 3 MODIFY COMMANDS 1

Objective

This topic enables the student to learn the basic modifying command (move, copy, offset,

array, rotate, mirror)

Learning Outcome

The student is able to draw and modify using move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror

commands

Drawing Commands move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror

Move

Draw a rectangle (60 30) Click the move icon or type move Select the rectangle (4 boundaries) and click enter Click the lower left edge (point to hold) Move the rectangle to new location

Copy

Draw a rectangle (60 30) Click the copy icon or type copy Select the rectangle (4 boundaries) and click enter Click the lower left edge (point to hold) Drag the rectangle to new location

Offset

Draw a line (length = 50) Click the offset icon or type offset Type 10 (distance to offset) Select the line Click side to offset

50

10

Source

Offset line


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Array

There are two types of array:

1. Rectangular array Select the array icon or type array Select/Click the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter Type 2 (number of row) and 4 (number of column) Type 100 (row offset distance) and 150 (column offset distance) Click enter

2. Polar array Draw a circle (diameter 15) Select the array icon or type array Select/Click the circle (object) Select polar method Select center point Select Total number of item & angle to fill Type 8 (total number of item) Type 360 (angle to fill column) Click enter

Rotate

Draw a rectangle Select the rotate icon or type rotate Select the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter Select base point (lower left edge) Type 25 (rotation angle)

150

Row (2)

Column (4)

100

Center point

30


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Mirror

Draw the Figure shown

Click the mirror icon or type mirror Select the rectangle and press enter Select first mirror point and then the second mirror point Type N to keep the source object and Y if want to erase source object

Exercise

First mirror

point

Second

mirror point

80

10, 10

40Mirror line


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Objective

This topic enables the student to learn more modifying command (construction line, trim,

extend, fillet, chamfer)

Learning Outcome

The student is able to draw and modify using construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer

commands

Drawing Commands construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer

Construction Line

Select the construction line icon Type a Type 20 (angle = 20) Select any location to locate the line

Trim

Draw horizontal and vertical line

Select the trim icon or type trim Select the horizontal line (trim boundary) Click enter Select the unwanted line

Before After


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Extend

Draw 2 lines Select the extend icon or type extend

Click vertical line (extend boundary) Click enter Click horizontal line

Fillet

Draw 2 lines as illustrated Select the fillet icon or type fillet

Type r (r = radius) Type 10 (10 = radius of fillet) Select first object (horizontal line) Select second object (vertical line)

Chamfer

Draw a rectangle (60 40) Explode the object Select the chamfer icon or type chamfer Type d (distance) Type 20 (first chamfer distance) Type 15 (second chamfer distance) Select first line of the chamfer Select second line of the chamfer

50

70

Second

line

First line20

15


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Exercise


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Objective

This topic enables the student to learn more modifying command (rectangle, polygon,

explode, hatch, scale, multiline text)

Learning Outcome

The student is able to draw and modify using rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale,

multiline text commands

Drawing Commands rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale, multiline text

Rectangle

Select the rectangle icon or type rectangle Select first point Type @ 40, 90 (X distance = 40, Y distance = 90)

Polygon

Select the polygon icon or type polygon Enter 6 (number of sides) Specify center of polygon Type I for inscribed or C for circumscribed Click enter Type 40 (radius)

Explode

Draw a rectangle Select the explode icon or type explode Select the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter

40

901st

point

Inscribed Circumscribed

Edge


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Hatch

Draw a rectangle (80 40) Select the hatch icon or type hatch

Click Add: pick points Select the A area and click enter

Scale

Draw a rectangle (60 40) Select the scale icon or type scale Select the object

Select base point (lower left edge) Type 2 (scale factor)

Multiline Text

Click the multiline text icon or type multiline text Specify first corner and second corner Change the text height Type UCSI, MALAYSIA

Exercise

UCSI, MALAYSIA

2nd

corner

1st

corner

A B

40


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LESSON 6 DIMENSIONING

Objective

This topic enables the student to learn and apply the dimension commands

Learning Outcome

The student is able to draw and show all the dimensions

Dimension

There are several types of dimensions, including linear, align, radius, diameter, angular etc.

Exercise


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LESSON 7 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Objective

This topic enables the student to learn the multiview projection

Learning Outcome

The student is able to differentiate the first and third view projection

Orthographic

Orthographic projection is a mean of representing a three dimensional (3D) object in two

dimensions (2D). It is divided into:

1. First angle projection2. Third angle projection

First angle projection


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Third angle projection

Exercise


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LESSON 8 SOLID MODELING

Objective

This topic enables the student to learn the basic of 3D solid modeling

Learning Outcome

The student is able to produce a 3D solid modeling drawing

3D Models

Three basic types of 3D models is created to represent the actual object:

1. Wireframe modelLike a model constructed of 12 coat hanger wires. Each wire represents an edge of the

actual object. The surfaces of the object are not defined; only the boundaries of

surfaces are represented by edges. The model is see-through since it has no surfaces to

obscure the back edges. It contains no volume.

2. Surface modelsAs all surfaces and edges of the object are defined, it has a better description than the

wireframe models. It has volume but no mass.

3. Solid modelsA complete computerized replica of the actual object, which contains the

A complete computerized replica of the actual object which is the most complete and

descriptive type of 3D modeling. It contains complete surface and edge definition, as

well as description of the interior features of the object. If a solid model is cut into

half, the interior features become visible. It is considered to have mass, as it is solid.

3D Coordinate

When creating a model in three-dimensional drawing space, the concept of the X and Y

coordinate system which is used for two dimensional drawing must be expanded to include

the third dimension, Z, which is measured from the origin in a direction perpendicular to the

plane defined by X and Y


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World Coordinate System (WCS) and User Coordinate System (UCS)

Primitives

Solid primitives are the basic building blocks that make up complex solid models. The

ACIS primitive commands are:

1. Box Select NW Isometric Select the box icon or type box Type @30, 40, 40 to specify the corner of the box (distance X = 30, Y = 40, Z = 40) Click enter

2. Cone Determine the desired UCS (the base of the cone lies on XY plane) Select the cone icon or type cone Specify center point, radius and height of the cone (height is in Z-axis)

3. Cylinder Determine the desired UCS (the base of the cylinder lies on XY plane) Select the cylinder icon or type cylinder Specify center point, radius and height of the cylinder (height is in Z-Azis)

4. Wedge Determine desired UCS (the base of the wedge always parallel with XY plane

while slope is always along X-axis)


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Select the wedge icon or type wedge Specify first corner, other corners (@40, 60, 0), and height

5.

Sphere Select the sphere icon or type sphere Specify center point and radius

6. Torus Select the torus icon or type torus Specify center point Specify radius of torus and radius of tube7. Extrude Draw a rectangle (the object should lies on X-Y plane) Select the extrude icon or type extrude Select the rectangle (objet) Specify the height of rectangle

Moving Solids

1. Rotate 3D Type rotate3d Select object (rectangle) Type 2p Specify 1st and 2nd points of axis Type angle of rotation 25

2. Mirror 3D Type mirror3d Select object and click enter Type 3 points Click the 3 points location Type N

1st

point

2n

point


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Boolean Operation Commands

1. Union (join 2 or more objects) Type union Select object and click enter

2. Subtract (subtract 1 set of solid from another) Type subtract Select the object that you want to keep and click enter Select the object to remove and click enter


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3. Intersect (creates a solid of intersection (common volume) from selected solids) Type intersect Select all desired solids and click enter

4. Chamfer Type chamfer Select solid at desired edge and click enter Specify base surface chamfer and the other surface chamfer, click enter Select edges to be chamfered and click enter


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5. Fillet Type fillet Select object (desired edge to fillet) Specify radius value and click enter


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LESSON 9 SECTIONAL VIEW

Objective

This topic enables the student to learn the concept of sectional view

Learning Outcome

The student is able to produce the sectional view drawing

Section View

A section view is a view of the interior of an object after it has been imaginary cut open to

reveal the objects inner details. Hatch lines (section lines) are drawn in the section view to

indicate the solid material that has been cut through. For mechanical drawings, a cutting

plane line is drawn in an adjacent view to the section view to indicate the plane that

imaginary cuts through the object. Arrows on each end of the cutting plane line indicate the

line of sight for section view. A thick dashed or phantom line should be used for cutting plane

line

Exercise


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