austria. data. figures. facts 029252

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AUSTRIA

DATAFIGURESFACTS 12/13


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AUSTRIADATA.FIGURES.FACTS

Edited by STATISTICS AUSTRIA


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ISBN 978-3-902791-67-28th edition

STATISTIK AUSTRIAVienna, 2012

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Dear Reader,

Austria. Figures. Data. Facts gives an insight into the living conditions of the people in ourcountry. Findings and statistics from economy and society are presented in text, table,and chart form by STATISTICS AUSTRIA and provide information on a wide variety ofsubjects: The booklet includes information on population, education, employment and

the job market, the economy, science and technology, tourism, environment, and othertopics. A separate section displays characteristics of the nine Austrian Lnder.

Due to constraints of space, you will find only a small selection of our comprehensivedata base and findings in Austria. Figures. Data. Facts. You can find more on our websitewww.statistik.at, where this booklet can also be downloaded. We hope to havestimulated your interest in our data base with our booklet.

The concept, development of the contents, and design of Austria. Figures. Data. Factsarethe result of the collaborative effort of a team of experts from various fields. At this point,we wish to thank them and our colleagues of the statistical services in the Lnder as wellas everyone else who contributed to the creation of this booklet.

Vienna, December 2012

Dr. Konrad Pesendorfer Dr. Gabriela PetrovicDirector General Statistics Director General Finance

Foreword


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Austria: Diversity in the heart of Europe 8

Population 11

Politics 25

Education 31 Employment and job market 39

Economy 47

Tourism 59

Science & Technology 67

Environment 75

Energy 83

Public sector 91

Quality of life and standard of living 99

Economic globalization 111

Lnder (Federal Provinces) 117

Glossary 136

Picture credits 140

Content


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6 777Austria


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8 9

GEOGRAPHY

*) Number of inhabitants (inhab.) as of January 1st, 2012.

*) Number of inhabitants (inhab.) as of January 1st, 2012.

Austria in the EU

Austria as a federal state

Member of the EU:since January 1st, 1995

Population:8 443 018*)

Total Area:83 879 km2

Capital:Vienna

Lnder:9

Administrative districts:98 (2013: 95)

of which Statutory towns:15Municipalities:2.357 (2013: 2.354)

Lower Austria19 186.26 km2

1 617 455 inhab.*)

Bregenz

N

Innsbruck

O

Salzburg

B

LinzW

St. Plten

St

Vienna

K

Eisenstadt

SGrazT

Klagenfurt

VVorarlberg2 601.12 km2

371 741 inhab.*)

Vienna414.65 km2

1 731 236 inhab.*)

Carinthia9 538.01 km2

557 773 inhab.*)

Upper Austria11 979.91 km2

1 416 772 inhab.*)

Styria16 401.04 km2

1 213 255 inhab.*)

Salzburg7 156.03 km2

534 122 inhab.*)

Burgenland3 961.80 km2

286 215 inhab.*)

Tyrol12 640.17 km2

714 449 inhab.*)

98

ADMINISTRATIVESUBDIVISIONS

the Carpathians, the Alps, the Vienna Basin,and the border regions of the Hungarianlowlands. 350 km of the beautiful blueDanube of musical fame, and thus almostan eighth of its entire course, flow through

Austrian territory. The republic shares itslargest lake with Germany and Switzerland.Lake Constance has a surface area of 538.5km2and it is 252 m deep. The 3 798 m highGrossglockner is Austrias highest moun-tain. It is on the border of Carinthia and EastTyrol. With 114 m above sea level, Austriaslowest point is located in Burgenland, in theSeewinkel region near Apetlon.

Climate: From oceanic to continentalDue to the geographic location, Austriasweather is characterized as a transitionalclimate. Consequently, an oceanic climate

with moist westerly winds predominatesin western Austria, and as one moves east-ward, the climate becomes increasinglycontinental with decreasing precipitation,hot summers, and cold winters.In addition, the local climate is stronglyinfluenced by the altitude, local topography,and exposure to the prevailing westerlyweather conditions.

A geographic approachAustria has a land area of 83 879 km2and isthus somewhat smaller than Portugal andHungary and somewhat larger than the CzechRepublic.

Located in the southern part of Central Eu-rope, the republic shares borders with Ger-many and the Czech Republic in the north,the Slovak Republic and Hungary in the east,Slovenia and Italy in the south, and Switzer-land and Liechtenstein in the west.There are 573 km between the western andeasternmost points of Austria. The longestnorth-south stretch totals 294 km.The landscape of Austria is characterized bydiversity. Major landscape features includethe gneiss and granite highlands of the Bo-hemian Massif, the foothills of the Alps and

Austria:

Diversity in the heart of Europe


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10 111111Population


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POPULATION

The five largest and smallestmunicipalities at the beginning of the year

Total population

The largest municipalities 2011 2012

Vienna (Vienna) 1 714 142 1 731 236

Graz (Styria) 261 540 265 318

Linz (Upper A ) 189 367 191 107

Salzburg (Salzburg) 148 078 148 521

Innsbruck (Tyrol) 120 147 121 329

The smallest municipalities 2011 2012

Gramais (Tyrol) 53 54

Kaisers (Tyrol) 74 70

Tschanigraben (Bgld.) 68 72

Namlos (Tyrol) 93 88

Grohofen (Lower A.) 91 91

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Population Statistics.

Population by sex and major age groups at the beginning of the year

Sex 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 8 282 984 8 318 592 8 355 260 8 375 290 8 404 252 8 443 018

Females 4 252 922 4 269 959 4 287 213 4 296 197 4 308 915 4 324 983

Males 4 030 0 62 4 048 633 4 068 047 4 079 093 4 095 337 4 118 035

Age in %

0 to 14 years 15.6 15.4 15.1 14.9 14.7 14.5

15 to 64 years 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.7 67.7

65+ years 16.9 17.1 17.4 17.6 17.6 17.8


S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Censuses, Population Statistics, population projectionof 2012 (main variant).

Population growth in Austria

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

Populationinmillion

todays area

around 1900:

6-million

around 1950:

7-million

around 2000:

8-million

Projection:

9 million mark

exceeded by 2030

1312

POPULATIONGROWTH

There are also some very small municipalitiesin Austria. A total of six municipalities had lessthan 100 inhabitants at the beginning of 2012.The smallest municipality is Gramais in Tyrolwith 54 citizens, followed by Kaisers (Tyrol,70 residents), Tschanigraben (Burgenland,72 residents), Namlos (Tyrol, 88 residents),Grohofen (Lower Austria, 91 residents) andHinterhornbach (Tyrol, 98 residents).

The age pyramid, a mirror of history

The history of the 20th century has left itsmark on the present day age pyramid. Thereare many more women than men not onlyin the highest ages but generally in all agegroups beginning with the age of 55. This isdue to the longer life expectancy of womenand in case of the highest age groups alsodue to the large number of men who died inWorld War II.

Around 1900, close to 6 million peoplewere living in Austria (within its present-dayborders). The 7 million mark was reached inthe late 1950s. In 2000, Austrias populationhas surpassed the 8 million mark. Now, at thebeginning of 2012, 8.44 million inhabitantswere counted in Austria. By 2060, the figureshould reach ca. 9.4 million, according to theprojection. The municipality with the largestpopulation is Vienna, which had more than1.7 million residents at the beginning of 2012.A fifth of Austrias population thus lives inthe federal capital. Next come the provincialcapitals Graz (265 000 residents), Linz(191 000 residents), Salzburg (149 000 resi-

dents) and Innsbruck (121 000 residents).

With 1.7 million residents, Vienna is indeed themost populous municipality in Austria; by area,however, the Tyrolean municipality of Sldenwith 46 688 ha is larger than the federal capitalwith its 41 465 ha. The smallest sized munici-pality in Austria is also in Tyrol: Rattenbergcomprises a mere 11 ha with 405 residents.

On the way to the

9 million mark


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POPULATION

Population pyramid Austria 1.1.2012

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

075 000 75 00050 000 50 00025 000 25 0000

Males Age in Years

PersonsPersons

Females


1514

AGESTRUCTURE

of the population pyramid is comparativelynarrow. This has been only partially com-pensated by immigration. Of the 8.44 millionresidents of Austria, 1.22 million are childrenunder 15 years old, i.e., in preschool or com-pulsory school age.About 5.72 million are in the 15 to 64 yearrange and count as the population of workingage. Another nearly 1.5 million Austrian menand women are 65 years or older and arethus in retirement age.

An EU-wide comparison of age structureshows Austria in the middle range. We findthe youngest populations in Ireland, Denmark,France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands;the oldest in Italy, Germany, Greece, Sweden,Portugal and Bulgaria.

This means that two thirds of the populationare of working age. Preschool and com-pulsory school age children as well as elderlypersons in retirement age each count forroughly a sixth of the population. As a conse-

quence of the decline in fertility, the numberand the percentage of children under 15 isdecreasing. In contrast, the percentage ofthe senior population of 65 and older is in-creasing, henceforth even more, as the BabyBoom Generation reaches retirement age inthe foreseeable future. The potential work-force is remaining relatively stable; however,the population of working age is also aging.

Though the notches at the top of thepopulation pyramid equally can be tracedback to the deficit of births in World WarI. The Depression of the 1930s also led tolower birthrates, which is reflected in the lownumbers of those aged about 75 today.

By 2020, the Baby Boom Generation will reachretirement age. Then the financial viability ofour retirement system will prove itself.

In contrast, the number of children increasedrapidly after the Anschluss with Germanyin 1938. Persons born at that time are nowaround 70 years old. At the end of World WarII, the birthrate dropped again; the number ofpresently 66 to 67 year olds is considerablylower than in accompanying years. The agegroups of the Baby Boom of the 1950s and1960s have the highest numbers. The BabyBoom Generation was also strengthened byimmigration. As a consequence of the post-Baby Boom reduction in birthrates, the base


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POPULATION

Austrian citizens with Croatian, Hungarian andSlovene colloquial language 2001

In per cent of the population

with Austrian citizenship1.1 5.0

5.1 10.0

10.1 25.0

25.1 50.0

50.1 und mehr

Boundaries of the administrative districts

Boundaries of the communes

0 10 km

Slovene

Croatian (Burgenland)

Burgenland

Carinthia

Hungarian

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, 2001 Population Census.*) Non-German colloquial language of population with Austrian c itizenship including a combination of non-German and German language.

The six autochthonous ethnic

groups in Austria

E thnic g roup in .. .

S lovene C arinthia, St yria

Croatian Burgenland , Vienna

Hungarian Burgenland, Vienna

Roma Burgenland

Czech Vienna

Slovak Vienna

Autochthonous ethnic group

languages in Austria

Colloquial language *) 2001

Slovene 17 953

Croatian (Burgenland ) 19 374

Hungarian 25 884

Romanes 4 348

Czech 11 035

Slovak 3 343

1716

ETHNICGROUPS

as well as some municipalities in northernBurgenland.Since the 1960s, there have been increasingimmigrations of Roma, most of whom holdAustrian citizenship today. These immigrantshave considerably surpassed the numbers ofSinti, Burgenland Roma and Lovara, who havebeen residents in Austria for a longer time butwere also victims of Nazi genocide.

There are six recognised native ethnic groups

living in Austria. Austria is committed to the

protection, promotion and preservation of their

cultures and languages.

The 2001 census gives an approximate idea

of the sizes of the resident ethnic groups inAustria. It should be noted that this censusdoes not reflect the number of members ofthe ethnic groups, as it asked which colloquiallanguage they speak rather than to what eth-nic group they belong. Multiple answers werepermitted, and immigrants in recent yearswere also included.Cf. Federal Chancellery: 3. sterreichischer Staatenbericht 2010.

According to the Ethnic Group Act (Volksgrup-pengesetz), ethnic groups are the groupsof Austrian citizens living and domiciled insections of the federal territory who do nothave German as their mother tongue andhave their own ethnic traditions. In thefederal constitution, Austria acknowledgesits linguistic and cultural diversity as wellas its obligation to respect, protect, andpromote the languages and cultures aswell as the existence and sustainment ofits native ethnic groups. There are six nativeethnic groups living in Austria (cf. table p.17).The Carinthian Slovenians live in southernCarinthia, mainly in the Vlkermarkt, Klagen-furt Land and Villach Land districts as wellas in the provincial capital of Klagenfurt. Theresidence areas of the Slovenian ethnic groupin Styria are located in certain villages of the

Radkersburg Corner, the Leutschach region,the Soboth area and to some extent Graz.The Burgenland Croats do not have a cohe-sive settlement area, but live in around 50municipalities scattered throughout Burgen-land. Some also live in Vienna. The presentday settlement area of the Hungarian ethnicgroup in Burgenland comprises primarily themunicipalities of Oberwart and Oberpullendorf

Centuries of

ethno mixing


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POPULATION

Births, deaths, marriages, divorces, net migration

and naturalizations 2006-2011

Indicator 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Life births 77 914 76 250 77 752 76 344 78 742 78 109

Total fertility rate 1.41 1.38 1.41 1.39 1.44 1.43

Deaths 74 295 74 625 75 083 77 381 77 199 76 479

Balance of births and deaths 3 619 1 625 2 669 -1 037 1 543 1 630

Marriages 36 923 35 996 35 223 35 469 37 545 36 426

of which both par tners never married before 23 372 23 077 22 751 23 26 6 24 626 24 02 8

Divorces 20 336 20 516 19 701 18 806 17 442 17 295

Total divorce rate (in %)*) 48.86 49.47 47.76 45.98 43.00 43.02Net migration 24 103 34 731 34 436 20 596 27 695 35 604

Naturalizations 25 746 14 010 10 258 7 978 6 135 6 690

Rate of naturalizations (in %)**) 3.23 1.71 1.20 0.90 0.67 0.71

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA. *) Sum of duration-specific divorce rates in per cent of the corresponding marriages as a whole. **) Naturalizations in per cent of foreignersliving in Austria on an annual average.

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Calculated net-migration 1961-1995; migration statistics 1996-2011. Net migration: inflows minus outflows of international migration.

Net migration 1961-2011

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

-20 000

-40 000

Persons

2001 2006198619811976197119661961 1991 20111996

1918

VITALSTATISTICS

43% of marriages end in a divorceIn 2011 the number of divorces totalledaround 17 295. If divorces are related to thenumber of marriages of their correspondingmarriage years, it is then revealed that morethan two-fifths of the marriages (43%) endin separation. In most cases (about 86%) thedivorces were amicable. More than half of allmarriages ends with the death of a partner.

One-third of all marriages are remarriages,i.e., at least one of the partners had beenmarried before.

The number of naturalizations has decreasedsince the maximum in 2003 (44 694 cases).Whereas in 2006 still more than 25 000 resi-dent foreigners became citizens, in 2008 thetotal was only a bit more than 10 000. In 2010and 2011 even just between 6 000 and 7 000people were naturalised respectively. Thus

the naturalisation rate decreased to 0.7%,the lowest level ever reached since 1961.

The Austrian population is growing almostexclusively through immigration: Every yearthere are considerably more people migratingto Austria than leaving the country. In cont-rast, the birth to death ratio is almost equal.While the migration balance totalled about51 000 people in 2004, since then it has de-creased to around 30 000 people on averagebetween 2006 and 2011. 91 per cent of Aust-rias total population growth between January1st, 2002 and January 1st, 2012 (+379 378people) are attributed to net migration gains(+345 490). The surplus of births was compa-ratively low in this period, in 2003 and 2009even more deaths than births occured.In 2011, 78 109 people born alive and 76 479deaths were recorded throughout Austria. Theexcess of births over deaths thus just totalled1 630 persons.

Today 100 women have an average of 143

children. In order to replace the parentgeneration, however, slightly more than200 children (2 children per woman) wouldbe required.

There were 36 426 marriages in Austria in2011. Almost two-thirds (66.0%) were firsttime marriages, in other words, both partnershad been single before.

Growth through immigration


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stateless,unkownOceania*)

America*)

Africa*)

Asia*)

Other EuropeanCountriesBulgariaItalyMacedoniaSlovakiaRussianFederationHungaryPolandRomaniaCroatia

14 363

1 46918 92523 17969 06081 792

12 94217 03718 33822 96523 387

30 60842 46548 47056 785

POPULATION

Population by selected citizenship 1.1.2012

Foreign citizens

of which

YearTotal

Population Austria Total in % EU*) Non EU

Former Yugoslavia(w/o Slovenia) Turkey

2007 8 282 984 7 478 205 804 779 9.7 263 174 541 605 295 005 108 189

2008 8 318 592 7 483 410 835 182 10.0 289 742 545 440 290 506 109 179

2009 8 355 260 7 484 556 870 704 10.4 316 995 553 709 292 730 110 678

2010 8 375 290 7 480 146 895 144 10.7 334 989 560 155 292 026 112 150

2011 8 404 252 7 476 640 927 612 11.0 359 282 568 330 294 337 113 457

2012 8 443 018 7 472 477 970 541 11.5 390 464 580 077 296 377 114 011

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Population Statistics. *) according to borders at the time.

S : ST AT IST ICS AU ST RIA , Po pu la tio n St at is ti cs . S : ST AT IST ICS AU ST RI A, Po pul at io n St at is tic s. *) All st at es .

Foreign population in Austria

1981-2012

Foreign population

by citizenship 1.1.2012

10

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Personsin100000

19861981 1991 1996 20062001 2012

Germany

Serbia,Montenegro,

Kosovo

Turkey

Bosnia andHerzegovina

153 491

136 081

114 011

85 173

2120

IMMIGRATION

people, followed by Romanian (48 500), Polish(42 500), Hungarian (30 600), Slovak (23 000),Italian (17 000) and Bulgarian (12 900) citizens.

Among Non-EU-citizens the bigger part (nearly296 400 people or 30.5%) comes from thenew states formed from the former Yugo-slavia (excluding Slovenia, which has sincebecome a member of the EU). Almost half ofthem are citizens of Serbia, Montenegro andKosovo, more than a quarter from Bosnia andHerzegovina. About a fifth are Croats, and theremainder hold Macedonian citizenship. With114 000 persons or 11.7%, Turkish peopleform the third largest group of people withforeign citizenship.

Since the beginning of 2010 Germans arethe largest group among foreign citizens inAustria.

The community of non-European citizensaccounts for almost 69 100 people fromAsia, nearly 23 200 from Africa and at least18 900 from America.

Compared to other EU-countries, Austriaranks very high for the share of foreign popu-lation. Higher percentages can only be found inLuxembourg, Estonia and Cyprus.

As a consequence of immigration, the num-ber of persons with foreign citizenship rosesharply in the early 1990s and again in recentyears. At the beginning of 2012, there wereabout 970 500 citizens of foreign countriesliving in Austria, and they accounted for11.5% of the overall population.In 1981, the number of foreigners was only288 200 or 3.8% of the total population.During the 1980s, their number remainedrelatively stable.

A great wave of immigration at the beginningof the 1990s led to an increase of both thenumber and the percentage of the popu-lation with foreign citizenship. By 1994, thenumber of foreigners already totalled around665 100, making up 8.4% of the total popu-lation. In the mid 1990s, their number andpercentage stabilized; since 2001, however,their number has been increasing again.

Two-fifths of all foreigners are from anotherEU-country.

All in all, nearly 390 500 citizens from otherEU-countries live in Austria, representing ashare of 40.2% of all foreigners in Austria.The biggest group among EU-citizens areGermans accounting for almost 153 500

Immigrants


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POPULATION

Private households and families 2011

Type of household 2011Type of family in 1 000

Private households 3 650.4

of which one-pe rson -househo lds 1 324 .5

Families 2 342.3

without child( ren) in the household 937.0

with chil d( ren) in the househo ld 1 405.3

of which

Married couples 1 717.8

without child(ren) in the household 745.2

with chi ld (ren) in the househo ld 972 .5

Consensual unions 337.7

without child(ren) in the household 191.8

with chi ld (ren) in the househo ld 145.9

Lone mothers 245.8

Lone fathers 41.0

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Microcensus, yearly average.


Families by type of family 2011

Lone fathers 1.8%

Lone mothers 10.5% Consensual unions 6.2%with child(ren) in the household

Consensual unions 8.2% without child(ren) in the

household

31.8% Married couples withoutchild(ren) in the household

41.5% Married couples with child(ren)in the household


Private households2011

Households with twoor more persons

63.7%

One-person-households36.3%

2322

HOUSEHOLDS,F

AMILIES

16% of the population live in single personhouseholds; most of them are widowedsenior women.

Among the households with more than oneperson, there are 2.3 million families. Theseare married or unmarried couples with orwithout children as well as lone parents withtheir children, provided that they live in acommon household.The number of families with children totals1.4 million and thus 60% of all families.940 000 couples do not have children livingin the same household.

86% of all lone parents are women.

However, only a small fraction of these areyoung and still childless couples. Most areolder couples whose children have left thecommon household. Nearly three quarters(73%) of all families are married couples(with or without children), 14% are cohabi-ting couples. 12% of the families are loneparent families, the vast majority of themare mothers.

The Austrian population lives in 3.65 millionprivate households. Only a small fraction ofthe population, around 100 000 persons, livesin around 3 000 institutional households,

most of which are retirement homes.1.3 million households, i.e. more than a third,are single person households. Only a smallfraction of these people who live alone andwho make up 16% of the total populationare young singles. The majority are seniors,in particular women, who have remainedsingle after the death of their spouses.

2.3 million families


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24 252525Politics


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26 27

POLITICS

S: Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs. *) Elected by the nation according to Article 60 of the Austrian Federal Constitutional Law (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz) in theversion of 1929; excluding Dr. Karl Renner, who was elected by the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung).

Elected Federal Presidents of the Second Republic*)

Dr. Heinz Fischersince 8/7/2004

Dr. Thomas Klestil8/7/19928/7/19988/7/19986/7/2004

Dr. Kurt Waldheim8/7/19868/7/1992

Dr. Rudolf Kirchschlger8/7/19748/7/19808/7/19808/7/1986

Dr. h.c. Franz Jonas9/6/19659/6/19719/6/197124/4/1974

Dr. Adolf Schrf22/5/195722/5/196322/5/196328/2/1965

Dr. h.c. Theodor Krner21/6/19514/1/1957

Dr. Karl Renner20/12/194531/12/1950

S: Federal Ministery of I nternal Affairs, Those parties that were or are represented in the National Council are quoted.

National Council Elections 1945-2008 Distribution of valid votes in %

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

in%

1983 1986 1990196219591956195319491945 19941966 1995 20061999 200820021970 1971 1975 1979

SPVPV.d.UFPBZDie GrnenLIFKPother parties

2726

ELECTIONS

There is a difference between referenda,plebiscites, people intiatives. A referendumdecides upon a parliamentary resolution, andcitizens have the opportunity to vote for oragainst the resolution. This instrument hasbeen used twice in decision making:

On November 5th, 1978 the people votedagainst the Zwentendorf nuclear powerplant, and on June 12th, 1994 they votedfor Austria to become a member of the EU.If a decision is required on a fundamentalissue or one that is of Austria-wide concern,plebiscite may be conducted in order toassess the attitude of the Austrian popu-

ElectionsAustria is a democratic republic. Its lawemanates from the people. Thus readsArticle 1 of the federal constitution. Electionsconstitute the most important moment ofpolitical decision making. All of the political

institutions established by the constitutionare elected in three elections: Citizens de-cide on the Bundesprsident (Federal Presi-dent), the Nationalrat (National Council) andthe Landtage (Provicial Parliaments) via theballots distributed in these elections.Elections are held in accordance with theuniversally equal right to vote and the rightto a secret ballot. Men have had theserights since 1907, and women since 1918.EU citizens living in Austria have been ableto take part in municipal elections sinceAustria joined the EU. Naturally, the Austrian

population also elects its representatives inthe EU Parliament.

Direct democracyAlong with general elections, the constitu-tion also provides instruments of directdemocracy. These instruments give citizensthe opportunity to have a direct influence onpolitical events.

Democracy in theory and practice


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28 29

Referenda in the Second Republic

Date Topic Elegible voters Valid votes Affirmative votes in % Negative votes in %

November 5th,

1978

Peacefule use ofnuclear energyin Austria

5 083 779 3 183 486 49.5 50.5

June 12th,1994

Austrias accession tothe European Union

5 790 578 4 724 831 66.6 33.4

S: Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Top 10 of people initiatives in the Second Republic

Year

Number *)Topic

Number ofvalid registration

Turnoutin %

1982 1 Conference centre 1 361 562 25.74

1997 2 Genetic engineering 1 225 790 21.23

1975 3 Protection ofhuman life

895 665 17.93

1969 4 Gradual introductionof the 40-hour week

889 659 17.74

1964 5 Austrian broadcast(sterreichischer Rundfunk)

832 353 17.27

2002 6 Veto against

Temelin

914 973 15.53

2002 7 Welfare stateAustria

717 102 12.20

1997 8 People initiativeWomen

644 665 11.17

2002 9 People initiativeagainst interceptors

624 807 10.65

2004 10 Pensions 627 559 10.53

S: Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs. *) By turnout in %.

29

DIRECTDEMOCRACY

POLITICS

S: Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs.

European Parliamentary Elections 2009: Austrian results

VP

SP

MARTIN

FP

GRNE

BZ

JuLis

KP

2520151050 30 35Distribution of valid votes in %

Mandates: 630.0

Mandates: 423.7

Mandates: 317.7

Mandates: 212.7

Mandates: 29.9

Mandates: 04.6

Mandates: 00.7

Mandates: 00.7

Day of election: June 7th, 2009Elegible voters: 6 362 761Votes cast: 2 925 132Valid votes: 2 864 621Turnout: 46%

28

The people intiative is thus more of an im-portant political signal than a means of de-

cision making.In the Second Republic, up until now therehave been the two aforementioned refer-enda and 35 people intiatives. There has notyet been a plebiscite.

lation directly. In contrast to the referendum,the plebiscite is not binding for thelegislature.

The question on the construction of anotherconference center next to the UNO City re-sulted in 1 361 562 Austrians giving theirsignatures in 1982. The Pro-motorcyclepublic referendum was of considerably lessinterest and obtained a mere 75 525 signaturesin 1995.

In the scope of a people intiative, signaturesare collected for a specific issue. If 100 000signatures are obtained, the National Assem-bly must deal with the issue.


17/73

30 313131Education

Current trends in school attendance


18/73

32 33

EDUCATION

Pupils by type of school

Academic year

Type of school 2001/02 2006/07 2011/12

Elementary schools 387 408 347 254 328 121

Lower secondary schools*) 265 781 257 642 220 274

Special schools 13 337 13 158 13 748

Pre-vocational year 19 750 21 379 18 022

General secondary schools 186 347 203 728 199 890

of which lower grades 110 194 116 674 109 203

Vocational schools for apprentices 130 597 133 625 134 282

Intermediate technical and vocational schools 56 211 59 442 56 398

Higher technical and vocational colleges 126 474 134 609 137 218

Pupils in total 1 185 905 1 170 837 1 107 953

Q: STATISTICS AUSTRIA. *) 2011/12 incl. new secondary s chool.

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0

Eleme

ntarys

choo

ls

Lowe

rsec

onda

ry

scho

ols*)

Spec

ialscho

ols

Pre-vo

catio

naly

ear

Gene

rals

econ

dary

scho

ols-lo

werg

rades

Gene

rals

econ

dary

scho

ols-u

pper

grad

es

Voca

tiona

lsch

ools

forap

pren

tices

Interm

ediat

etec

hnica

l

andv

ocati

onal

scho

ols

High

ertech

nical

and

voca

tiona

lcoll

eges

Pupilsin% Academic year 2011/2012

29.6

9.9

19.9

8.2

1.2

12.1

1.6 5.1

12.4

3332

SCHOOLS

202 (in lower secondary schools includingnew secondary schools). The AHS uppergrades cannot complain about dwindlingenrollment, it has increased by 19% tomore than 90 000 in the ten year com-parison.

The trend to pursue higher education is alsoevident in technical and vocational trainingcolleges: In engineering colleges (HTL), en-rollment has increased by nearly 10% overwhat it was ten years ago.Increases in enrollment of 21.8% have beendocumented for service-oriented colleges a1,2% decline in the number of students forbusiness administration colleges (HAK).

Age groups with low birthrates:Less pupils will go to school.

The largest school in Austria is the HTLMdling with more than 3 500 students,followed by the HTL Graz-Gsting and theTGM Vienna-Wexstrasse, each with over2 300 girls and boys. Throughout Austriathere are also 56 public micro schools exclusively elementary and special schools with less than ten students.Almost half of these schools are in the Tyrol.

15% decrease in student numbers inelementary schoolsThe declining birthrate in the 1990s hasresulted in a more than 15% decline in thenumber of students enrolled in Austriaselementary schools, which has dropped to

around 328 000. This trend already had sub-stantial repercussions on middle schoolsin the recent years.The AHS (general secondary school) lowergrades is less affected by this trend: Tenyears ago, for every 100 AHS studentsthere were 241 boys and girls in lowersecondary schools, and nowadays it is still

Current trends in school attendance

Number of students at tertiary institution i 1955360 000 students


19/73

34 35

EDUCATION

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA.

Number of students at tertiary institution since 1955

400 000

350 000

300 000

250 000

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000

0198519751965 2005 20111955 1995

Total

Female

Male

Persons


Students by type of institution Academic year 2011/12

3534

UNIVERSITIES

and in university courses women are some-what underrepresented (47%; 42%).

The most popular fields of study at publicuniversities include: law, economics, medi-cine.

Most of the students at Fachhochschulenchoose programmes in business and enginee-ring. At the private universities, the focus is onarts and sciences, medical science, econo-mics and social sciences. The majority ofuniversity-level-courses focus on economics.

Almost 88% of the scarcely 81 500 foreignuniversity students come from Europe. Morethan three quarters of them are EU citizens.

In Austria more than 50 000 persons annuallyfinish their academic education. Two thirds ofthem graduate at public universities.

More than 360 000 students annually ca.81 500 of whom come from foreign countries are enrolled at Austrias tertiary educationalinstitutions. The majority study at one of the22 public universities, around 11% pursuestudies at Fachhochschulen, 7% were en-rolled at universities of education and about2% study at one of the 13 private universities.In the scope of academic life-long-learning,about 5 000 students attend a university-level-course.

There are around 360 000 university levelstudents in Austria (2011/12). Most of themstudy at the 22 public universities, the 13private universities, the 21 Fachhochschulenand 14 universities of education.

The majority of the students at universities ofeducation are women (78%), even so at thepublic universities (53%). In Fachhochschulen

360 000 students

enrolled at tertiary-

level-institutions

Private universities 7 060

Fachhochschulen 40 434

Other tertiary institutions 5 441

Universities of education 24 719

292 321 Public universities

Educational attainment of the adult populationSubstantial rise in the level of education


20/73

36 37

EDUCATION

Educational attainment of the adult population

(25 to 64 years), by gender and level of educational attainment in %

1991 **) 2001 **) 2011 **)

Type of school Total Female M al e To tal Female M ale To tal Female Male

Tertiary education *) 6.9 6.0 7.8 10.5 10.5 10.5 15.4 16.3 14.5

University, Fachhochschule 5.3 3.7 6.9 7.5 6.2 8.8 12.0 11.4 12.7

Post-secondary college 1.6 2.3 0.9 2.3 3.5 1.1 2.8 4.1 1.4

Upper secondary, post-secondarynon tertiary education

59.0 50.9 67.0 63.4 56.4 70.3 68.4 63.3 73.5

Higher technical and vocational college 4.7 3.7 5.7 6.2 5.3 7.1 9.0 8.9 9.1

General secondary schools-upper grades 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.6 5.7 6.1 5.4

Vocational school for apprentices 37.0 25.4 48.6 39.4 27.7 51.1 39.8 29.7 49.9

Intermediate technical and vocational school 12.5 17.0 8.1 13.1 18.6 7.5 13.9 18.6 9.1

Lower secondary education 34.2 43.1 25.3 26.2 33.1 19.3 16.2 20.5 11.9

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA. *) 2011: Microcensus-Labour Force Survey, yearly average. 2001, 1991: Population Census. **) Master c raftsmen and foremen notincluded in Tertiary education, but in all other catagories (esp. Vocational school for apprentices).


Development of the educational attainment of the Austrian population (25 to 64 years)

Lower secondaryeducation

Upper secondary,post-secondarynon tertiary education

Tertiary education

3736

opposed to 12% of men. There was also a 10point difference for secondary schools. Only intertiary degree programs did women slightlyoutnumber men in the 25 to 64 year age

group under consideration (16.3% vs. 14.5%).

In recent years, more and more womenhave earned tertiary degrees. In 2011, womenin the 25 to 64 years age group (16.3%) overtookthe men, of whom 14.5% had tertiary degrees.

The differences in the percentages of ap-prenticeship or BMS degrees are stronglycorrelated with gender-specific employmentpatterns. Women are especially well repre-sented in secondary business, commercial,and social work schools, whereas traditionallymale-dominated professional qualificationsare frequently obtained through apprentice-ships with final examinations.

Compared to the EU as a whole, the per-centage of 20 to 24 year olds with an educationbeyond compulsory school in Austria (85.4%) isconsiderably higher than the EU-27 average of79.5% (2011).

EDUCATIONALATTAINMENT

In 2011, 15% of the resident population ofAustria aged 25 to 64 years held a degreefrom a university or a technical college, oranother advanced academic or college de-

gree. In comparison, 16% of the populationhad only completed the compulsory schoolrequirements. The trend of the past decadesshows a continuous decline of the percentageof the population who only completed com-pulsory school: In 1971 this percentage wasstill 58%. Large segments of the populationhave since graduated from a secondaryschool. The percentage of persons who gra-duated from an apprenticeship program witha final examination or earned an AHS, BMS,or BHS degree has risen from 39% in 1971to 68% in 2011. In addition, the percentageof persons receiving a tertiary education rosestrongly to 15% during this same period,whereas in the early 1980s this percentagewas still under 5%.

Gender-specific differences in the level ofeducation have become less, but have notdisappeared entirely. In 2011, 21% of womenhad only completed compulsory school, as

Substantial rise in the level of education

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02001 2011199119811971

2.8

39.4

57.8

4.5

49.5

46.0

6.9

59.0

34.2

10.5

63.4

26.2

15.4

68.4

16.2

Fractionofpopulationaccordingto

educationalattainmentin%


21/73

38 393939Employment andjob market

Population by activity 2011Six out of seven employed are


22/73

40 41


Employees 43.0%

Self-employed, family workers 6.8% Unemployed 2.2%

4.4% Housekeeping

1.1% Permanently disabled persons

20.5% In retirement

4.7% In education (15 years and over)

14.8% People below 15 years

0.3% Conscripts, alternative civilian service2.2% Others

EMPLOYMENT

Activity status Total Women Men Total Women Men

(Labour force concept) in 1 000 in %

Total population 8 315.9 4 249.1 4 066.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Economically actives 4 322.9 2 002.1 2 320.8 52.0 47.1 57.1

Employed 4 143.9 1 916.0 2 227.9 49.8 45.1 54.8

Employees 3 574.3 1 700.3 1 874.1 43.0 40.0 46.1

Self-employed family workers 569.5 215.7 353.8 6.8 5.1 8.7

Unemployed 179.0 86.1 92.9 2.2 2.0 2.3

Non-actives 3 993.0 2 247.0 1 746.0 48.0 52.9 42.9

In retirement 1 706.2 930.5 775.7 20.5 21.9 19.1

Permanently disabled persons 94.4 43.5 50.9 1.1 1.0 1.3

Housekeeping 362.9 354.5 8.4 4.4 8.3 0.2

In education (15 years and over) 393.1 219.6 173.5 4.7 5.2 4.3

People below 15 years 1 228.2 598.9 629.3 14.8 14.1 15.5

Conscripts, alternative civilian service 25.3 0.0 25.3 0.3 0.0 0.6

Others 182.9 100.0 82.9 2.2 2.4 2.0

Economically actives Non-actives

Employed

4140

POPULATIONBYACTIVITY

are retired. 94 000 persons are sufferingfrom long-term illnesses and are thus con-sidered neither employed nor unemployed.363 000 pursue no career because theyare housewives or much less frequently

house husbands dedicated exclusively tothe household. 393 000 persons 15 yearsor older are in education. The vast majorityof the 1.23 million children under 15 alsoattend school. There were 25 000 conscriptsor men in civilian service as a substitute formilitary service.

With a 72% employment rate in the 15 to64 year age range, Austria is considerablyhigher than the EU average (64%) and in fifthplace among the 27 EU member states (2011).

At 86%, the employment rate among 2549year olds is the highest. It is lower (55%)among youth and young adults (1524years), many of whom are still pursuing theireducations.

In the 50 to 64 years age group, only abouthalf of the population (57%) are employed;many persons of this age are already retired.

Just over half of the entire Austrian popula-tion are employed. Of the 8 316 000 Austrianmen and women living in private households,in 2011 approx. 4 144 000 were employedand 179 000 unemployed, as measured by

international definitions.

Just over half of all Austrian men and womenare employed.

3.57 million or six out of seven employedpersons are wage or salary earners, the570 000 self-employed workers and familymembers working in family businessesrepresent 14% of the employed. 1.70 million

p y

wage or salary earners

Employment and unemployment rates by age and sex 2011N

TMore and more


23/73

42 43

EMPLOYMENT

Employment rate

% of population *)Unemployment rate

% of economically actives *)

Age (years) Total Women Men Total Women Men

1564 in total 72.1 66.5 77.8 4.2 4.3 4.0

1524 54.9 50.1 59.8 8.3 8.8 7.9

2554 84.9 80.2 89.6 3.6 3.8 3.4

5564 41.5 32.9 50.6 3.2 2.3 3.8

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Microcensus, yearly average. *) Unemployment rate: 15 to 74 years.

Employed persons by economic activity 2011

Economic activitiesSections of NACE (selection)*)

Total Women Men

Employed in total (absolute) 4 143 900 1 916 000 2 227 900

in %

Employed in total (in %) 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry, mining 5.3 5.1 5.5

Industry 26.0 12.4 37.7

C Manufacturing 15.8 9.0 21.6

F Construction 8.8 2.7 14.0

Services 68.7 82.5 56.8

G Wholesale and retail trade, repair 15.2 17.9 12.9

H Transportation and storage 5.0 2.5 7.1

I Accomodation and food service activities 6.1 8.1 4.3

K Financial and insurance activities 3.7 3.5 3.7

M Professional, scientific and technical activities 5.2 5.9 4.6

O Public Administration; Social security 6.6 6.2 6.9

P Education 6.2 9.4 3.4

Q Human Health and social work activities 9.3 15.6 3.9

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Microcensus, yearly average. *) NACE 2008.

4342

EMPLOYMENT,UNEMPLOYME

Austria is a service societyMore than every other man (57%) is em-ployed in the service sector, as are more thanfive out of every six women (83%). Overall,this sector provides roughly 69% of the jobs.Only 5% of the jobs are provided by agricul-ture and forestry, which were formerly ofmajor significance, and 26% of the employedwork in the production sector (includingconstruction). 38% of the men, but only 12%of the women, work in this sector.

When one considers the individual branchesof industry, manufacturing proves to be thebranch that employs the most, followed bytrade. Men clearly dominate in the manu-facturing sector whereas women dominate inthe trade sector, though less dramatically.

The percentage of working women in the age

group of 25 to 54 years old is 80%, which isgaining on that of men (90%).The employment rate of persons aged 55 to64 years old declines more sharply for womenthan for men. This is due to the lower retire-ment age for women and the fact that fewerof them were employed in the past.

Even with employment growing, labourparticipation in the 55 to 64 year age group inAustria (42%) is still below EU average (47%).

The unemployment rate (= the proportion ofjobless to the labour force) was 4.2% in 2011.Women are more frequently unemployedthan men (4.3 vs. 4.0%), and 15 to 24 yearolds twice as much as the overall average(8.3%).

With an unemployment rate of 4.2%(EU average 2011: 9.7%), Austria is the EU mem-ber state with the lowest unemployment rate.

women in profes-

sions

Working time 2011Women dominate in part-time work


24/73

44 45

EMPLOYMENT

Total Women Men

Employed in total

Part-time workers (1 000) 1 042.8 843.4 199.4

Part-time employment rate (%) 25.2 44.0 8.9

Average working time per week (hours)*)

usually worked 37.9 32.8 42.2

actually worked 33.0 28.2 37.0

Volume of hours worked (million hours) 6 993.5 2 709.9 4 283.7

Employees

Part-time workers (1 000) 898.6 756.4 142.2Part-time employment rate (%) 25.1 44.5 7.6

Average working time per week (hours)*)

usually worked 36.7 32.0 40.7

actually worked 31.6 27.3 35.4

Volume of hours worked (million hours) 5 771.6 2 322.4 3 449.2

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Microcensus, yearly average. *) Without people on parental leave.


Employees, part-time employment rate

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

20092008 2010 2011

WomenMen6.5

7.3 7.3

42.1 43.544.3 44.5

7.6

4544

WORKINGTIMEary earners, and therefore the correspond-

ing value for wage and salary earners ofonly 36.7 hours falls somewhat below theoverall average. Due to frequent part-timeemployment, the normal work week forwomen averages 32.8 hours, which is also

considerably less than for men (42.2 hours).

However, because of vacations, holidays,illnesses, etc., the average number of hoursactually worked per week is 33.0 hours, whichis 15% below the number of hours normallyworked per week (37.9 hours). Because theself-employed and family members employedin family businesses have more hours thanthe average, the number of hours actuallyworked per week for wage and salary earnersis 31.6 hours, which falls below the overallaverage.

With a 25% part-time worker contingent,Austria is (together with Belgium) above the EUaverage of 19%, but considerably behind theNetherlands, which is far out in front by itselfwith 49%. Austria ranks only slightly behindGermany and the United Kingdom (27% each)respectively Denmark and Sweden with 26% ineach case (2011).

Part-time work is becoming more and moreimportant. In 2011, approximately 1 millionor 25% of Austrian and especially female workers were not full-time employed.81% of part-time workers are women. 44%of all working women work part-time. In men,

this percentage is only 9%, although the trendis increasing.The average number of hours worked perweek totals 37.9, even with part-time workincluded. Self-employed persons usuallywork considerably more than wage and sal-

in%


25/73

4747Economy

Fraction of gross value added

MY

Structural changes continue


26/73

48 49

ECONOMY

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Eurostat.


Employed by economic sectors

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

2010

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1960 1980

1980

1990

1990

1995

1995

2010

2010

2011

2011

EU27 2011

EU27 2011

Tertiary sectorServicesSecondary sectorMining and quarrying of energyproducing materials, manu-facturing, electricity, gas andwater supply, constructionPrimary sectorAgriculture, hunting andforestry, fishing

Tertiary sectorServicesSecondary sectorMining and quarrying of energyproducing materials, manu-facturing, electricity, gas andwater supply, constructionPrimary sectorAgriculture, hunting andforestry, fishing

4948

STRUCTUREOFTHEECONOM

service sector at ca. 42% lay behind theproduction sector (47%).The shrinkage of the primary and second-ary sectors in favour of the service sectorbegan in the 1970s and it is still continuingtoday. Almost 70% of the labour force is

engaged in the service sector, whereas alittle more than 30 years ago only about halfwere.

The tertiary sector has grown by an annualaverage of 4% at current prices in the last20 years.

The production sector also declined in im-portance during this period: Whereas morethan a third of the labour force was engagedin production during the 1970s, today it is onlya quarter.This structure is similar to that of the 27 EU

states, where the secondary sector accountsfor an average of ca. 26%, and the tertiarysector ca. 73% of the GVA.Most of those employed in production workin manufacturing and in construction. In theservice sector, the largest contingent worksin sales, public service, and in health andeducation.

Services predominateLike most advanced, modern economies,the Austrian economy today is dominatedby services: Around 70% of the gross valueadded (GVA) comes from the so-calledtertiarysector, almost 30% comes from

the secondary sector (production), andless than 2% comes from agriculture andforestry (the primary sector).

Only one out of 20 employed persons todayearns his or her living in agriculture andforestry.

Since the 1960s, the national economy hasundergone fundamental changes. In 1960,agriculture and forestry still comprised an11% fraction of the gross value added. The

in%

in%

Farm structure, land use and livestock farming

RY

Indispensable

l


27/73

50 51

ECONOMY

Farm structure 1995 1999 2010

Number of agricultural and forestry holdings 239 099 217 508 173 317

of which: full-time holdings 81 171 80 215 66 802

Average area per holding in hectares 31.5 34.6 42.4

Labour force in agriculture and forestry 592 901 575 091 413 755

Agricultural land use in 1 000 hectares 3 427 3 390 2 880

of which: arable land/permanent grassland 1 404/1 937 1 395/1 917 1 371/1 441

Forestry land use in 1 000 hectares 3 259 3 260 3 406

Livestock farming holders/heads in 1 000

Cattle and calves 116/2 324 101/2 151 72/2 024of which: dairy cows 90/706 78/697 48/540

Pigs 107/3 696 83/3 426 38/3 247

Sheep and lambs 20/355 18/340 15/398

Goats 12/48 12/51 10/81

Poultry 97/12 998 81/13 654 55/13 919

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Farm Structure Survey (FSS). Full census in 1995, 1999 and 2010.

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA. S: Eurostat. S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA.

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

50

40

30

20

10

0

15

10

5

0

Numberofholdings

Hectares

in%

1

1

1970AT

10 549

12.3 42.4

10.1

8.8

18.8

8.7

7.0

10 293

7 007

1980SE 1990EE 1995CZ 1999LV 2010

Most common secondary

activities in agriculture 2010Average farm size

in hectaresHighest shares of organic

farming areas (EU27) 2010

Processingandsaleof

agriculturalproducts

Tourismandleisure

activities

Activitiesunder

contract

total area

utilised agriculturalarea

5150

AGRICULTUREANDFOREST

Rape is the raw material for biodiesel.

tural landscape, looking after the countrysideand maintaining its function as an energysource.The ability to compete within the EU isachieved through sustainable agriculture,

and through an increasing specializationof agricultural and forestry operations. Thecoupling of agriculture and forestry withtouristic offers and the diversification towardsenergy production and contractual work con-tribute to the preservation of an economicallyhealthy, productive, farmer-oriented agricul-ture and forestry in an intact rural area.

Agriculture and forestryAlmost 75% of Austria is dedicated to agri-culture and forestry. Just under half of ourAlpine Republic (3.4 million ha) is covered inforest. National agriculture and forestry notonly forms the backbone of a viable ruralcommunity, but also reflects the culturaltradition of the nation.Structural changes to the economy haveobviously had an impact on agriculture andforestry: As in most other EU memberstates, a steady downward trend in thenumber of operations is accompanied by asimultaneous increase in the average size of

the operations.

The total output of agriculture and forestryaccounted for 8.9 billion in 2011.

However, this sector plays an indispensablerole. Among other things, this includes en-suring nutritional produce, preserving the cul-

role

Selected indicators for industries and construction 2010

UCTIONThe pillars


28/73

52 53

ECONOMY

Sections(Based on NACE 2008)

Enterprises

Totalpersons

employed2010

(annualaverage)

Turnover

inbillion

Valueadded

atfactorcost

inbillion

Personsemployed

perenterprise

Valueaddedat

factorcostsin

perperson

employed

B-F Industries and Construction 60 832 924 977 230.1 66.9 15 72 312

B-E Industries 29 636 650 703 189.9 53.0 22 81 419

B Mining and Quarrying 358 6 117 2.1 1.0 17 167 797

C Manufacturing 25 340 597 820 154.1 45.1 24 75 507

D Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning 1 878 28 685 29.3 5.2 15 181 867

E Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Manage-ment and Remediation Activities 2 060 18 081 4.4 1.6 9 88 295

F Construction 31 196 274 274 40.2 13.9 9 50 706

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Structural Business Statistics 2010.

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Short Term Statistics in industries and construction; production index working day adjusted.

Development of production index and index of persons employed

in industries (NACE 2008: B-E) and construction (NACE 2008: F)

120

110

100

90

80

70

2005=

100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Production index:industries B-E

Production index:construction

Index of persons em-ployed: industries B-E

Index of persons em-ployed: construction

5352

INDUSTRIESANDCONSTRU

upward trend and recorded a significantincrease of 5.6%, slightly above the level of2008. Since 2000 domestic production hadbeen increased by 36.0% while the numberof employees declined during this period.

The Austrian manufactures of basic metalsas well as the manufactures of motor ve-

hicles were among the winners in 2011.With increases in turnover of 19.2% respec-tively 14.4% the significant growth by morethan 25% in 2010 could be further expanded.

After declining figures in recent years, Austrianconstruction industry increased in 2011, dueto slightly higher results in building const-ructions. Concurrently construction costsincreased again in 2011. While constructioncosts in construction of residential buildingsshowed an increase of 2.3% compared to2010, costs rose by 5.6% in road construc-tion and by 4.2% in bridge construction. The

main causes were increasing prices for bitu-men, precast concrete components and fuel.

The manufactures of wearing apparel andtextiles as well as the manufacture of leatherand related products are losing more and moreground. Employment figures have nearly halvedin these sectors during the last ten years.

Industries and constructionAbout 60 800 enterprises in Austria are en-gaged in industry (mining and quarrying, manu-facturing, electricity, gas/steam/air condition-ing and water supply, sewerage/waste man-agement and remediation activities) andin construction. As a whole, these pillars ofthe national economy employ about 925 000

people, and in 2010 they generated a turnoverof roughly 230 billion. About 274 000 peopleare employed in the construction industryalone.Most of the enterprises are small-sized: Over3/4 of them (about 47 400 or 77.9%) operatewith fewer than 10 employees. In contrast,only about 1% of the enterprises (553) inindustry and construction employ more than250 people; however, about 2/5 (38.3%) ofall people employed in these sectors areemployed in these medium-sized to largeenterprises. These enterprises account abouthalf (49.8%) of the total turnover.

With an average annual increase in pro-duction of 0.4%, Austrias construction enter-prises were slightly under the EU (EU27)average of 1.1% in 2011.

After an increase in production in 2010,domestic production could continue the

Selected indicators for trade and services 2010Small businesses, large successes


29/73

54 55

ECONOMY

Sections(of NACE 2008)

Enterprises

Totalpersons

employed

(annualaverage)

Turnover

inbillion

Valueadded

atfactorcost

inbillion

Personsemployed

perenterprise

Valueaddedatfactor

costsin1000per

personemployed

G-N Trade and services 247 903 1 757 099 405.4 103.0 7 59

G Trade 74 437 616 498 216.8 28.7 8 47

H Transportation and storage 13 939 208 425 36.3 13.0 15 62

I Accommodation and food service activities 44 177 264 178 14.8 7.1 6 27

J Information and communication 16 747 94 684 18.2 7.7 6 82

L Real estate activities 17 163 44 570 14.3 7.5 3 169

M Professional, scientific and technical activities 59 941 209 465 24.8 11.5 3 55


S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Short Term Statistics trade and services: Turnover index, unadjusted.

Development of turnover indices in trade and services

125

120

115

110

105

10020092008 2010 2011

Total trade

Retail trade

Total services

Hotels and restaurants

2005=

100

5554

TRADEANDSERVICES

trade, the corresponding figure for hotel andrestaurants is only 89 000.

With a decline of 1.3% of the volume ofsales in the retail trade for 2011, Austria wasbelow the EU27 average (by -0.1%), and alsobelow the Euro area (by -0.6%).

In the year 2011, the Austrian service enter-prises achieved a turnover increase by 3.5%compared to the previous year, whereas thesecond half of 2011 developed more restraineddue to a slowdown in the economic dynamic.A considerable turnover growth of 7.2% wasmeasured for Other business services. Theindustries Accommodation and food service(+4.7%) and Transportation and storage with+3.8% were also above the average. The tradesector generated an increase of turnover by4.7%. Automobile trade was with a nominalincrease of 8.1% the absolute sales driver,

while wholesale trade (+4.9%) and retail trade(+2.5%) were slightly weaker.More than 344 million tons of goods weretransported by Austrian goods road transportvehicles in 2011 (+4,1% compared to 2010).The most frequently transported productswere Crude and manufactured minerals andbuilding materials.

Trade and servicesThe services sector including trade is a coreeconomic sector which contributes subs-tantially to value added and employment inthe economy as a whole, and also rendersa multitude of services for other economicbranches. Approximately 80% of Austrian

enterprises are engaged in the trade and ser-vice sector. Those 247 903 enterprises andtheir 1 757 099 persons employed achieved aturnover of 405.4 bn in the year 2010.

The small-sized business structure is clearlydiscernible in the service area. 90% of theenterprises operate with fewer than 10 em-ployees, and only 515 enterprises have morethan 250 persons employed.

The most employees are working in trade,followed by accommodation and food ser-vice activities. While an average turnover

of 478 000 per employee is achieved in

Gross domestic product (GDP), price level, inflation

Austria EU15 EU27 Eurozone 17

GDP & more


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56 57

ECONOMY

Austria EU15 EU27 Eurozone 17

GDP growth in % change on previous period

2009 -3.8 -4.3 -4.3 -4.4

2010 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0

2011 2.7 1.4 1.5 1.4

GDP per inhabitant in (PPS)

2009 29 400 25 900 23 500 25 500

2010 30 800 27 000 24 500 26 500

2011 32 300 27 600 25 200 27 200

Price level index (EU27=100)2009 112.3 105.7 100 105.8

2010 110.8 105.5 100 104.7

2011 110.5 105.7 100 104.4

Inflation: Harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP)

Average annual rate of change in %, 2011 3.6 - 3.1 2.7

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Eurostat, PPS: Purchasing power standards.

S : STATI ST ICS AUSTRI A, Eurostat . PPS : Purchasi ng pow er standards. S : STATI ST ICS AUSTR IA.

GDP per inhabitant in (PPS) Austrias economic performance

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

-4.0

35 000

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0

Annualrateofchangein%

20102009 2011

Austria

EU15

EU27

HICP

GDP growth

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

5756

PERFORMANCE,P

RICES

nomically most successful member states inthe EU for several successive years.

PricesThe Austrian price level of 110.5 (-0.3%;

EU27=100) represents together with theNetherlands, Ireland and Belgium themiddle range of all European countries; onlyDenmark, Sweden, Finland and Switzerlandand Norway respectively showed higherprices in 2011. In comparison with Southernand Eastern European countries, however,shopping in Austria is relatively expensive,as is the case in most of the old EU memberstates.

2011 was affected by higher inflationrates all over Europe. The value for Austriawas 3.6%, which represents a considerable

increase compared with the previous year(2010: 1.7%). Hence, the value for priceincreases in Austria 2011 lies above the 2%stability goal of the European Central Bank.

In 2011 the inflation rate of Austria liestightly above the average rate of the Eurozone(2.7%) and the rate of the EU27 (3.1%).

Performance of the economyThe Austrian economy increased by +2.7%in 2011. Hence, GDP increased for twoyears in a row (2010: 2.1%) after the mostsignificant economic downturn since World

War II in 2009 (-3.8%), despite the persis-tence of challenging global macroeconomicconditions. The average growth for the EUcountries was +1.5%, the economy of theEuro Zone grew by +1.4%. The AustrianGross domestic product (GDP) at currentprices increased by 14.3 bn (+5.0%) toapproximately 300.7 bn in 2011. Hence,GDP per inhabitant amounted to 35710 (+4.6%). In real terms (adjusted bypurchasing power) for the European compa-rison the GDP p.c. amounted to 32 300.

2011 the EU27 achieved an average GDP

per capita of 25 200 (78% of the Austrianvalue). After Luxembourg and practically atthe same level as the Netherlands and Ire-land, Austria is thus in fourth place in econo-mic performance of all EU member states,which is more than double that of most newEU member states. Austria has been able tomaintain its position in the league of the eco-


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5959Tourism

Nights spent by resident and non-resident tourists in Austria since 1982 in million

1982 1992 1997 2002 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Tourism: More than 126 million

vacation days in the year 2011 MY


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TOURISM

Total 118.39 130.42 109.11 116.8 121.45 126.72 124.31 124.88 126.00

Resident tourists 28.44 30.66 28.51 31.01 33.01 33.88 34.44 35.02 35.30

Non-resident tourists 89.95 99.76 80.59 85.79 88.44 92.84 89.86 89.86 90.71

Germany 62.73 64.72 52.83 53.52 48.17 50.14 48.86 48.16 47.39

Netherlands 9.72 9.00 6.73 8.23 9.10 9.56 9.45 9.07 8.90

Switzerland & Liechtenstein 1.45 3.12 2.78 3.29 3.70 3.56 3.64 3.80 4.28

United Kingdom 3.56 4.07 2.48 3.24 3.93 3.92 3.27 3.25 3.10

Italy 0.93 3.61 2.38 2.81 3.06 2.98 3.01 3.02 3.01

Hungary 0.31 0.63 0.60 0.86 1.51 1.64 1.50 1.51 1.60Czech Republic 0.10 0.37 0.55 0.79 1.39 1.78 1.96 1.97 2.08


S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA. S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA.

Nights spent since 1973 Nights spent by the most importantcountries of origin

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

inmillion

Overnightstays1973=

100

1973 19731980 19802000 20001990 19902010 2010

Summer Saison

Winter Saison

Czech Republic

Hungary

Italy

Switzerland & Liechtenstein

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Germany

6160

Eastern Europe is increasing steadily (+96%since 2005).In 2011 about 17.6 million nights spentwere registered in urban tourism (provincialcapitals). 14.0% of all overnight stays canbe attributed to urban tourism.

64.0 million nights spent in the summerseason 2011, 62.1 million nights spent inthe winter season 2011/12.

In the summer season 2011, 64.0 millionnights spent were reported, 2.4% morethan in summer 2010. In the winter season2011/12, a total of 62.1 million nights spentwere registered. It was thus the fourthhighest result since the first statistical re-cords of nights spent in 1875.

Engine for the economy and jobsMore than 33 million tourists spent almost126.1 million nights in Austria in 2011. 72%of all tourists came from abroad, 54% ofthem from Germany. No surprise that

tourism represents a driving economicforce, as well as a motor for employment:Tourism generates directly 5.6% of the GDPand creates 7.3% of all potential full timejobs. Austria ranks fourth among 139 nationsin the World Economic Forums rankingof the most attractive tourist destinationsbehind Switzerland, Germany and France.

Austria ranks fourth among the mostattractive tourist destinations in the world.

This ranking highlights the excellent trans-portation infrastructure, sustainable environ-

mental protection legislation, high safetystandards, as well as valuable cultural andnatural resources.In addition to the important markets Germany(47.4 million nights spent), the Netherlands(8.9 million nights spent) and the United King-dom (3.1 million nights spent) the numberof nights spent by guests from Central and

y y

MOTORFORTHEECONO

Main holiday trips of the Austrian population (4 or more overnight stays)

1969 1975 1981 1987 1999 2006 2009 2010 2011

Wanderlust: off to the south!


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62 63

TOURISM

Travel intensity 27.5 36.1 39.5 42.3 49.7 62.8 59.3 59.3 60.3(Persons with at least one trip in % of total population)

Trips (in 1 000)of which: 2 418 3 600 4 303 4 623 6 306 8 745 9 284 9 087 8 851

Abroad (in 1 000) 1 088 1 656 2 065 2 635 3 953 5 550 5 970 5 8 66 5 727

Domestic (in 1 000) 1 3 30 1 9 44 2 23 8 1 9 88 2 3 52 3 19 5 3 315 3 2 22 3 124

Important destinations abroad (in % of trips abroad, selection)

Italy 39 37 31 28 25 21 20 19 21

Croatia . . . . 9 13 12 12 15

Germany 10 8 8 5 4 7 9 8 10Spain 3 . . . 8 8 7 8 8

Turkey 1 1 1 4 4 6 5 6 6

Means of transportation (in %, selection)

Car 61 65 62 64 54 58 54 54 56

Airplane 3 6 10 14 29 28 29 31 28

Bus 10 10 11 10 10 7 7 7 7

Train 25 17 13 9 6 6 8 6 8

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Results of the microcensus special surveys (1969-2002) and the quarterly surveys related to holiday and business travel (2003-2011).

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Results of the microcensus special surveys (1969-2002) and the quarterly surveys related to holiday and business travel (2003-2011).

Development of main holiday trips (4 or more nights spent) by length of stay

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

sharein%

2001 2006 2007198419811978197519721969 20081987 2009 2010 2010 20111990 1993 1998 1999

5 to 7 days8 to 14 days15 to 21 days22 to 28 days

6362

the most popular destination abroad. Thenumber of domestic trips (with four or moreovernight stays) has doubled since 1969(1969: 1.3 million, 2011: 3.1 million).

Ms. and Mr. Austria make more but shortertrips.

The most obvious trend is more but shorterholiday trips: While 40 years ago half ofthe main holiday trips lasted between oneand two weeks, the share of such holidayswas only 35.9% in 2011. The share of mainholiday trips that last between five and sevendays increased to a maximum from 11.7% in1969 to 52.5% in 2011.

Since 1969, the most important meansof transportation has been the car (2011:

55.7%). At that time the airplane played aless important role with a share of 3.4%,but by 2011 it has increased its shareeight-fold (2011: 28.1%). The railroad hasdeclined the most. In 1969, it was usedfor transportation in a quarter of all mainholiday trips, in 2011 the share was only7.7%.

Austria is not only a popular vacation country,but also a country of people who like to travel:Whereas only 27.5% of the populationwent on a main holiday trip (with four ormore overnight stays) in 1969, in 2011 about60.3% of the population went on a main

holiday trip.

The number of main holiday trips takenabroad increased five-fold since 1969(1969: 1.1 million, 2011: 5.7 million).

For years, those yearning for a holidaytrip were drawn to the South: Italy is still

TRAVELHABITS

Economic importance of tourism in Austria

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A i d

Value added:

Stagnation on high level


34/73

64 65

TOURISM

Aggregates revised preliminary forecast

in million

Total *) 16 766 17 439 17 797 18 678 19 526 20 191 20 652 21 618 20 888 21 504 22 276

Direct tourism value added 10 571 10 915 11 208 11 690 11 979 12 465 13 050 13 793 13 803 15 091 15 633

Indirect tourism value added 6 195 6 524 6 589 6 988 7 547 7 726 7 602 7 825 7 085 6 413 6 643

Changes to the previous year in %

Total *) 3.8 4.0 2.1 5.0 4.5 3.4 2.3 4.7 -3.4 2.9 3.6

Direct tourism value added 3.5 3.3 2.7 4.3 2.5 4.1 4.7 5.7 0.1 9.3 3.6Indirect tourism value added 4.2 5.3 1.0 6.1 8.0 2.4 -1.6 2.9 -9.5 -9.5 3.6

Contribution to GDP in %

Total *) 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4

Direct tourism value added 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.2

Indirect tourism value added 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.2

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, WIFO, TSA 2010. *) Excluding business trips.

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, WIFO, TSA 2010.

Visitor consumption expenditure by products 2010

Travel agencies and tour operators 0.3%

Culture, recreation and 9.2%

other entertainmentnPassenger transport 15.7%

Tourism connected 19.2% and non-specific products

29.9% Accommodation

25.7% Food and beverages

6564

contributed directly and indirectly 7.5% tothe gross domestic product (GDP). The

direct and indirect value added e ffects ac-counted for 21.05 billion.

The total tourism expenditures added up toalmost 30 billion in 2010.

Since 2000 the value added contributionhas increased by 5.35 billion or by a third(+33.1%). Because the GDP increased aswell, the percentage share contributed bytourism has remained largely unchanged.

In 2010, tourism generated about 7.5% of theGDP.

In 2011 the total tourism expenditures wereexpected to rise by 3.7% to 30.59 billion.For 2012 a slightly smaller increase of +1.0%was calculated. The GDP share of direct andindirect value added was assumed to ratherstagnate in 2011, while for 2012 a slight de-cline was expected.

The total expenditures for holiday and busi-ness trips as well as visits of family and

friends amounted to 29.48 billion in 2010.51.9% was spent by non-resident visitors,the rest by resident travelers.In 2010, tourism excluding business trips

VALUEADDED


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66 676767

Science &Technology

OLOGY

Research & Development in Austria

Financing sectors 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ELOPMENTResearch and development:

R&D intensity 2012: 2.80%


36/73

68 69

SCIENCEANDTECHNO

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (in million) 6 867.8 7 548.1 7 479.8 7 984.0 8 263.4 8 610.5

Of which financed by:

Federal government 1 917.0 2 356.8 2 297.5 2 586.4 2 645.8 2 870.0

Lnder governments 263.2 354.4 273.4 405.2 403.6 411.0

Business enterprise sector 3 344.4 3 480.6 3 520.0 3 571.4 3 760.0 3 841.9

Abroad 1 230.2 1 240.5 1 255.9 1 282.9 1 310.5 1 338.7

Other financing 113.0 115.8 133.0 138.1 143.4 149.0

GDP nominal (in billion) 274.0 282.8 274.8 286.2 301.3 307.9

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (in % of GDP) 2.51 2.67 2.72 2.79 2.74 2.80

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Global estimate 2012 (as of April 2012).


Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

in%ofGDP

2 00 5 2 00 6 2 00 71998 20081999 20092000 2010 2010 2011 20122 00 1 2 00 2 2 00 3 2 00 4

Austria

EU27

6968

RESEARCHANDDEVE

federal government will continue to rise. In2012, federal funding for R&D will increase by8.5 per cent, up to 2.87 billion.

Funds from abroad come mainly from Euro-pean enterprises belonging to the same enter-prise group as the domestic enterprise thatperforms R&D. Foreign R&D funds will rise by2.2 per cent and total 1.34 billion.

8.6 billion for researchExpenditures for research and development(R&D) in Austria are estimated to reach 8.61billion in 2012. In comparison to 2011, thetotal sum of Austrian R&D expenditure willincrease by 4.2% and hence reach 2.80% ofthe gross domestic product (GDP).

Austrias gross domestic expenditures forR&D in % of the GDP were within the top ofthe list compared to the EU as a whole in 2011:the fifth highest value was achieved.

The three major sources of funds for researchconducted in Austria arew the business enterprise sector (44.6%),w the public sector (39.3%), mainly the

federal government (33.3%),

w abroad (15.6%).

In 2012 R&D financing by the business enter-prise sector will increase by 2.2 per cent andamount to 3.84 billion. Due to the federalR&D budget and especially the refundingfrom the federal state to enterprises via theresearch premium also the financing by the

NOLOGY

ICT-Sector: Turnover and persons employed by economic activities absolut

0 1 000 3 0002 000 6 000 7 0004 000 5 000 8 000Turnover in million

ICT: Information & Communication


37/73

70 71

SCIENCEANDTECHN



ICT-Sector: Turnover and persons employed by economic activities in %

Manufacture of computer andcommunication equipment,

consumer electronics

Wholesale of information andcommunication equipment

Telecommunications

Computer programming,consultancy and related

activities

Data processing, hostingand related activities;

web portals

Other economic activitieswithin the ICT sector

0 10 000 30 00020 000 40 000 50 000Persons employed

4 927.7

37 298

3 216.711 600

2 243.2

14 648

7 189.08 428

431.5

2 925

6 222.518 159

Turnover (in million)

Persons employed

Manufacture of computer andcommunication equipment, consumerelectronics

Wholesale of information andcommunication equipment

Telecommunications

Computer programming, consultancyand related activities

Data processing, hostingand related activities; web portals

Other economic activitieswithin the ICT sector

13% 12%

30%9%

26% 20%

20%

40%

9% 16%

2% 3%

Total turnover:ca. 24.2 billion Persons employed: 93 058

7170

ICT-SECTOR

62% of all enterprises in the ICT sectorbelong to the computer programming, con-sultancy and related activities branch. Thispersonnel-intensive area, with 40% of theworkers, generates 20% of the businessvolume in the ICT sector.The branch with the greatest business vol-ume is wholesale of information and com-munication equipment, in which 5% of theenterprises employ 9% of the workers andgenerate 30% of the business volume of theICT sector.The third major branch is telecommunica-tions, where 2% of the enterprises gen-erate 26% of the business volume, with20% of the employees.

Most of the enterprises (92%) in the ICTsector have less than 10 employees. 6%of the enterprises have 10 to 49 employees

and only 2% of the enterprises in this sectorhave 50 and more employees; however,these enterprises collectively employ morethan a half of the personnel in the ICTsector: 38% of the personnel are employedin enterprises with at least 250 employees,20% are employed in enterprises with be-tween 50 and less than 250 employees.

The ICT sector14.420 enterprises with 93 058 employeeswere engaged in the information and com-munication technology (ICT) sector in Austriain 2010. They did a total turnover of ca. 24.2billion. These enterprises, which represent5% of all domestic enterprises and employ4% of the labour force, generated 4% of thetotal turnover (excluding agriculture) of theenterprises in all economic activities of theNACE 2008 sections B-N and S95.

NOLOGY

ET

Computer & internet:

More, faster, & more male?

Computer and internet usage of individuals 2012

CharacteristicsAll

Persons

Persons who have used the computer

over the last three months

Persons who have used the internet

over the last three months

i 1 000 i 1 000 i % i 1 000 i %


38/73

72 73

SCIENCEANDTECHN

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Community surveys on ICT usage in households. Only households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.

Households with internet access and broadband connections from 2002 to 2012

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0201220112002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Households with internetaccess

Households with broad-band connections10.3

33.5 46.1

52.3

72.975.4 79.3

15.9

37.454.5

59.6

23.1

44.6 57.8

68.9

33.1

46.7 63.7

72.077.4

69.8

7372

COMPUTER,I

NTERN

months prior to the survey, in various places(e. g. home, workplace or internet caf) andfor various purposes.

An increasing number of households (81%) isequipped with a computer and have internetaccess (79%). In Austria, 82% of those 16 to74 years old are computer users, and 80% areinternet users.

84% of men, but only 76% of women, hadused the internet in the survey period. Thisgender difference, however, is age based:Although there are 61% male and 42%female internet users in the 55 to 74 agegroup, the gender difference becomes lessand less in the younger age groups, disap-pearing entirely in the 16 to 24 age group.49% of all respondents had purchasedproducts or services over the internet in the

twelve months prior to the survey.The most frequent purchases were clothesand sports equipment. Other popular pro-ducts purchased online were holiday accom-modation or other travel arrangements,books, e-books, magazines, newspapers,e-learning materials, tickets for events, andelectronic devices.

81% of all domestic households wereequipped with computers in the secondquarter of 2012. From 2002 to 2012, thispercentage increased from 49% to 81%.Eight out of ten households (79%) had inter-net access. This proportion has increased by45 percentage points since 2002. Householdsin which all members were older than 74 oryounger than 16, respectively, were not

International Data are only available for2011: At that time the percentage of Austrianhouseholds with internet access (77%) wasabove the average of the EU27 (73%). TheNetherlands (94%), Luxembourg and Sweden(each with 91%) are far above. Romania (47%)and Bulgaria (45%) are far below this average.

surveyed. A broadband connection is usedmore and more frequently for internet ac-

cess. 77% of all households use this kindof connection. Since 2003, this figure hasincreased by 67 percentage points (2003:10%; 2012: 77%).

82% of all persons aged between 16 and 74years had used a computer, 80% had usedthe internet; both figures refer to the three

in 1 000 in 1 000 in % in 1 000 in %

Total 6 411.3 5 257.4 82.0 5 131.1 80.0

Men 3 172.3 2 734.9 86.2 2 668.2 84.1

16 to 24 years 467.9 462.3 98.8 461.0 98.5

25 to 34 years 549.9 542.1 98.6 526.6 95.8

35 to 44 years 612.9 580.8 94.8 570.6 93.1

45 to 54 years 676.2 599.4 88.6 585.4 86.6

55 to 74 years 865.4 550.4 63.6 524.7 60.6

Women 3 239.1 2 522.6 77.9 2 462.9 76.0

16 to 24 years 454.9 453.9 99.8 453.9 99.8

25 to 34 years 546.3 533.7 97.7 537.2 98.3

35 to 44 years 617.4 571.3 92.5 557.8 90.3

45 to 54 years 670.4 538.7 80.4 515.1 76.8

55 to 74 years 950.0 424.9 44.7 398.9 42.0

S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Community survey on ICT in households 2012. Time of the survey: April to June 2012.

in%


39/73

74 757575

Environment

Water supply of the Austrian provincial capitals 2011

Own extraction Suppliedby thirdparties*)

Connectionratei %

Quantity of water delivered**)

Spring-water

Ground-water

Total TotalPer day and

capita Nitrate-

concentrationroughly 60% of the domestic electricity ge-Austria: Rich in aquatic resources

Water, air

austria. data. figures. facts 029252

Documents