australian tropical savanna – information...

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Australian tropical savanna – Information sheet This is an example of an Australian savanna landscape with small trees and the ground covered in grasses. Where Australia’s tropical savanna is spread over the top of Australia. It covers the northern sections of Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. That is 23% of Australia’s land.

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Page 1: Australian tropical savanna – Information sheet...There%are%also%tropical%savannas%in%Africa,%Asiaand%South%America.%They%all%have%similar% tropical%climates%compared%with%Australia’s%tropical%savanna.%

Australian  tropical  savanna  –  Information  sheet  

This  is  an  example  of  an  Australian  savanna  landscape  with  small  trees  and  the  ground  covered  in  grasses.  

Where  

Australia’s  tropical  savanna  is  spread  over  the  top  of  Australia.  It  covers  the  northern  sections  of  Western  Australia,  the  Northern  Territory  and  Queensland.  That  is  23%  of  Australia’s  land.  

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There  are  also  tropical  savannas  in  Africa,  Asia  and  South  America.  They  all  have  similar  tropical  climates  compared  with  Australia’s  tropical  savanna.  

Vegetation  

The  small  plants  are  grasses  and  shrubs.  There  are  many  species  of  grass.  Each  is  adapted  to  survive  in  different  types  of  soil  and  the  amount  of  rain  of  seasonal  rain  they  receive.  They  grow  during  the  wet  periods  and  become  brown  during  the  dry  periods.  They  grow  new  green  shoots  from  their  base  after  rain.    

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 The  trees  in  the  savanna  are  often  small  and  spread  out.  Near  water  courses,  other  species  of  trees  grow  much  larger.  Most  of  the  trees  are  eucalypts.  Eucalypts  have  their  seeds  in  woody  gum  nuts.    Eucalypts  remain  green  throughout  the  year.  

One  of  the  larger  trees  is  the  baobab.    It  loses  its  leaves  in  the  dry  season.  

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Tropical  savanna  can  take  many  forms.  They  can  be  grasslands  with  few  trees.  They  can  be  woodlands  with  small  or  larger  trees.  There  may  also  be  patches  of  rainforest  in  places  like  deep  gullies.    

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Climate  

Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec   Annual  Mean   198   211   157   28   7.1   3.6   1.7   0.1   3.1   23.6   61.3   135.9   828.2  

This  is  the  mean  rainfall  in  mm  near  the  inland  town  of  Kununurra  in  Western  Australia.  You  can  use  the  information  in  the  table  to  make  a  rain  bar  graph.  This  information  has  been  found  on  the  Bureau  of  Metrology  website  www.bom.gov.au    

The  mean  is  similar  to  average.  

0  

50  

100  

150  

200  

250  

Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec  

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The  Earth  rotates  on  an  axis.  We  call  summer  the  period  when  the  rotation  of  the  Earth  faces  the  sun  as  close  as  it  can  face  on.  But  this  is  different  in  the  topics.  In  the  tropics  when  the  sun  is  more  face-­‐on  the  water  evaporation  over  the  seas  is  highest  producing  monsoonal  rains.  This  is  when  Australia’s  tropical  savannas  get  their  rain.  During  the  rest  of  the  year  they  get  very  little  rain.    

Seasonal  changes  

People  often  refer  to  two  seasons  in  the  tropical  savanna,  the  wet  season  and  the  dry  season.  The  animals  and  plants  are  adapted  to  these  changes  in  rainfall.    They  are  able  to  grow and reproduce when there is water available. They need to be adapted to survive the long dry period each year.

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Ecology  and  fire  

The  plants  of  the  savanna  are  adapted  to  survive  fire.  Grasses  grow  new  green  shoots  from  their  roots  which  remain  safe  underground.  Many  shrubs  and  trees  shed  seeds  or  have  seeds  in  the  soil  that  germinate  after  fire  and  rain.  Eucalypts  survive  fires  unless  they  are  extremely  hot.    

During  fires,  a  few  animals  can  survive  in  holes  and  burrows.  Most  animals  need  to  escape  fires.    

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There  are  many  species  of  grass  finches  in  the  tropical  savanna.  They  use  their  strong  bills  to  eat  grass  seeds.  Their  different  colour  patterns  help  them  to  find  the  right  mate.    

Corellas  are  a  species  of  cockatoo.  They  use  their  strong  hooked  bills  to  eat  seeds,  fruits  and  flowers.  They  feed  in  trees  and  on  the  ground.    

Animal adaptations

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Agile  wallabies  mostly  eat  grass.  They  protect  themselves  with  camouflage,  hiding  and  hopping  at  great  speed.  They  rotate  their  ears  to  pin  point  any  dangerous  sounds.    

Goannas  don’t  need  a  lot  of  food  or  water.  They  use  their  tongue  to  help  them  smell  their  prey.  They  pick  up  the  sent  on  their  tongue  and  cam  then  they  poke  their  tongue  into  their  nose  in  the  top  of  their  mouth.  Their  pointed  sharp  teeth  are  used  to  hold  onto  struggling  prey.  

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Grasshoppers  eat  grass.  Their  eggs  can  lie  in  the  ground  and  hatch  once  it  has  rained  and  green  grass  is  available.    

Farming  

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The  main  industry  using  the  savanna  is  cattle  grazing.  The  farms  are  very  large.  The  cattle  have  been  bred  to  live  in  tropical  conditions.      

Conservation  

Weeds  are  becoming  a  bigger  problem  taking  over  from  native  grasses  and  shrubs.  Some  areas  have  feral  animals  such  as  buffalo,  pigs  and  cane  toads.  Over  grazing  can  damage  the  environment.  Very  hot  bushfires  do  a  lot  of  damage  to  the  plants  and  impacts  on  the  animals.      

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The  Gouldian  finch  only  lives  in  the  savanna.  It  is  endangered  and  there  are  very  few  left  in  the  wild.