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Australia Pacific LNG Project Appendix D - Fauna Management Plan

LNG Facility

AUSTRALIA PACIFIC LNG PTY LIMITED

AUSTRALIA PACIFIC LNG PROJECT

APPENDIX D - FAUNA MANAGEMENT PLAN

LNG FACILITY

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Disclaimer

This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Australia

Pacific LNG Pty Limited, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the

agreement between Australia Pacific LNG Pty Limited and WorleyParsons

Services Pty Ltd. WorleyParsons Services Pty Ltd accepts no liability or

responsibility whatsoever for it in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report

by any third party.

Copying this report without the permission of Australia Pacific LNG Pty Limited or

WorleyParsons is not permitted.

Revision 1 dated 18 November 2010

APLN-000-EN-R01-D-10180




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Contents

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Proposed Scope ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Performance indicators ...................................................................................................... 1

1.3 General description of the site ........................................................................................... 2

1.4 General description of fauna species ................................................................................. 2

1.4.1 Birds ...................................................................................................................... 2

1.4.2 Mammals ............................................................................................................... 3

1.4.3 Frogs ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.4.4 Reptiles ................................................................................................................. 4

2. Relevant Legislation ........................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ..................................... 5

2.2 Nature Conservation Act 1992 ........................................................................................... 5

3. Habitat Utilisation by Conservation Significant Fauna ....................................................... 7

3.1 Tidal mudflats and mangroves ........................................................................................... 7

3.2 Beach (Laird Point) ............................................................................................................ 8

3.3 Salt pan .............................................................................................................................. 8

3.4 Melaleuca wetland ............................................................................................................. 8

3.5 Eucalypt woodland ............................................................................................................. 9

4. Threatening Processes and Management Strategy ........................................................ 10

4.1 Construction period .......................................................................................................... 10

4.1.1 Direct impact of the clearing operation................................................................ 10

4.1.2 Unearthing of fauna species ............................................................................... 10

4.1.3 Loss of hollow bearing trees ............................................................................... 10

4.1.4 Loss of fallen logs and dead timber .................................................................... 11

4.1.5 Disturbance to migratory wader birds ................................................................. 11

4.1.6 Sediment, pollutants and acid sulphate soil ........................................................ 13

4.2 Operational period ............................................................................................................ 13

4.2.1 Artificial lighting ................................................................................................... 13

4.2.2 Migratory wader birds .......................................................................................... 14




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4.2.3 Feral animals ....................................................................................................... 15

5. Management Plan ............................................................................................................ 16

5.1 Construction period .......................................................................................................... 16

5.1.1 Direct impact of the clearing operation................................................................ 16

5.1.2 Unearthing of fauna species ............................................................................... 17

5.1.3 Loss of hollow bearing trees ............................................................................... 18

5.1.4 Loss of fallen logs and dead timber .................................................................... 19

5.1.5 Disturbance to migratory wader birds ................................................................. 20

5.2 Operational period ............................................................................................................ 21

5.2.1 Artificial lighting ................................................................................................... 21

5.2.2 Migratory wader birds .......................................................................................... 22

6. Fauna rescue and relocation procedure .......................................................................... 23

7. Compliance Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 25

7.1 Construction phase .......................................................................................................... 25

7.2 Operational phase ............................................................................................................ 25

8. References ....................................................................................................................... 26

Tables

Table 4-1 Migratory Shorebirds ........................................................................................................ 11

Appendices

Appendix 1 Species Profiles for Conservation Significant Fauna

Appendix 2 Fauna Species Identified within the Wider Study Area




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1. Introduction

The following terrestrial fauna management plan has been prepared in support of the LNG facility near

Laird Point on Curtis Island, as part of the Australia Pacific LNG Project. The proposed LNG facility is

located within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct, on Lot 3 on SP225924.

1.1 Proposed Scope

The purpose of this Fauna Management Plan is to describe how Australia Pacific LNG proposes to

manage the risks to terrestrial fauna species and communities associated with the construction and

operation of the Australia Pacific LNG project. The key objective of this document is to ensure that

appropriate environmental control and procedures are implemented to avoid or minimise potential

impacts to terrestrial fauna within the development footprint.

Specifically this document will:

• Identify the potential impacts to fauna species and communities as a result of the construction

and operation of the Project.

• Provide a practical guide to minimise potential impacts to terrestrial fauna associated with the

construction and operation of the Project.

• Protect all encountered native wildlife.

• Protect faunal species and habitat adjacent to the Project.

1.2 Performance indicators

To enable Australia Pacific LNG to manage the risks to terrestrial fauna associated with the Project;

specific targets are required to measure progress and monitor compliance.

The following targets have been set for the management of impacts on terrestrial fauna during the

construction and operation of the Project.

• No net loss of threatened species populations within the wider LNG facility site.

• Successful translocation of threatened species prior to and during construction.

• Minimise impacts to non-threatened species within the wider LNG facility site.

• The identification and assessment of all hollow bearing trees prior to clearing with appropriate

mitigation measures implemented.

• No infringements or non-compliances of regulatory or legislative requirements relevant to

terrestrial fauna for the Project.




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1.3 General description of the site

The LNG facility site lies on the south-western coast of Curtis Island, south of Graham Creek. It is

characterised by undulating hills, dominated by eucalypt open forest and woodland. Central to the site

is an expansive mudflat with salt pan vegetation. Mangrove shrublands extend along the coast line. A

small paperbark swamp is present south of the salt pan.

Habitat within the LNG facility site is generally in average condition, with grazing by feral cattle and

horses influencing most of habitats, excluding the mangrove habitat. The site is located with the South

East Queensland Bioregion and has been identified as being an area of state biodiversity significance

(EPA 2006).

1.4 General description of fauna species

A desktop review identified 414 terrestrial fauna species known or potentially utilising the wider study

area (10kilometre radius of the site), including 20 insects, 25 amphibians, 66 reptiles, 245 birds and 58

mammals. Appendix 2 provides a complete list of fauna species identified within the wider study area.

1.4.1 Birds

Eleven threatened bird species have been identified as potentially occurring within the LNG facility site

(WorleyParsons 2010). Five of these species are known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island

Industrial Precinct and adjacent tidal mudflats, as follows:

• Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)

• Eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis)

• Beach stone-curlew (Esacus magnirostris)

• Glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami)

• Sooty oystercatcher (Haematopus fuliginosus).

Forty migratory listed species have been identified through database searches of the wider study area,

with one of these species listed as migratory only and 39 listed as both migratory and marine species

(WorleyParsons 2010). Eighteen of these species are known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island

Industrial Precinct and adjacent tidal mud flats. A further 37 birds identified as marine species only

have been identified through database searches of the wider study area. Twenty-seven of these

species are known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct and adjacent tidal

mudflats.

Thirteen birds of regional significance for the southeast Queensland bioregion have been identified

through database searches of the wider study area. Seven of these species are known to utilise

habitat within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct and adjacent tidal mudflats, as follows:

• Bush stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius)

• Olive-backed sunbird (Nectarinia jugularis)

• Blue-winged kookaburra (Dacelo leachii)




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• Shining flycatcher (Myiagra alecto)

• Rose-crowned fruit-dove (Ptilinopus regina)

• Red-backed button-quail (Turnix maculosus)

• Barking owl (Ninox connivens).

Three species of introduced bird have been identified through database searches of the wider study

area. One of these species is known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct, spotted

turtle-dove (Streptopelia chinensis).

A further 121 birds listed as least concern species have been identified through database searches of

the wider study area. Seventy-five of these species are known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island

Industry Precinct and adjacent mudflats.

1.4.2 Mammals

Eight threatened mammal species have been identified as potentially occurring within the LNG facility

site (WorleyParsons 2010). None of these species have been recorded utilising habitat within the

Curtis Island Industry Precinct. Field studies within the LNG facility site, however, have identified the

potential for the water mouse (Xeromys myoides) and koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) to occur,

Twelve mammals of regional significance for the southeast Queensland bioregion have been identified

through database searches of the wider study area. The squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) and

greater broad-nose bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) have been recorded utilising habitat within the Curtis

Island Industry Precinct,.

Nine species of introduced mammals have been identified through database searches of the wider

study area. Four of these species have been recorded utilising habitat within the Curtis Island Industry

Precinct and include the European cattle (Bos taurus), horse (Equus caballus), black rat (Rattus

rattus) and pig (Sus scrofa). Tracks from a dog have also been seen within the LNG facility site. At this

stage it has not been confirmed if these tracks can be attributed to a domestic dog, a feral dog or a

dingo. A dingo puppy was however record on site and as such the tracks are likely to be that of a

dingo.

A further 28 mammal species listed as least concern have been identified through database searches

of the wider study area. Fifteen of these species have been recorded utilising habitat within the Curtis

Island Industry Precinct.

1.4.3 Frogs

There are no threatened frog species identified as potentially occurring within the LNG facility site

(WorleyParsons 2010) and no threatened frog species have been recorded within the Curtis Island

Industry Precinct.

Nine frogs of regional significance for the south east Queensland bioregion have been identified

through database searches of the wider study area. Four of these species have been recorded

utilising habitat within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct and include the desert frog (Crinia

deserticola), floodplain frog (Litoria inermis), Peron's tree frog (Litoria peronii) and Roth’s tree frog

(Litoria rothii).




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One introduced frog species has been recorded within the study area, cane toad (Rhinella marina).

A further 15 frogs listed as least concern species have been identified through database searches of

the wider study area. Eleven of these species are known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island

Industry Precinct.

1.4.4 Reptiles

Two threatened reptiles and one species listed under the Department of Environment and Resource

Management Back on Track framework have been identified as potentially occurring within the LNG

facility site (WorleyParsons 2010) and include yakka skink (Egernia rugosa), brigalow scaly-foot

(Paradelma orientalis) and rusty monitor (Varanus semiremex). These species have not been

recorded utilising habitat within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct.

Eleven reptiles of regional significance for the south east Queensland bioregion have been identified

through database searches of the wider study area. Six of these species have been identified utilising

habitat within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct and include:

• Open-litter rainbow skink (Carlia pectoralis)

• Frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii)

• Tommy round-head (Diporiphora australis)

• Broad-banded sand-swimmer (Eremiascincus richardsonii)

• Common dwarf skink (Menetia greyii)

• Dwarf litter-skink (Menetia timlowi).

A further 51 reptiles listed as least concern species have been identified through database searches of

the wider study area. Twenty-two of these species are known to utilise habitat within the Curtis Island

Industry Precinct.




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2. Relevant Legislation

2.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

At the Commonwealth level, the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

(EPBC Act) is applicable to those developments/actions that are likely to impact on a matter of

National Environmental Significance. Matters of National Environmental Significance potentially

affected by the Project include threatened fauna species listed under the EPBC Act and migratory

species protected under international agreements.

Based on habitat preference, eight EPBC-listed fauna species may potentially utilise habitat within the

LNG facility site and include the red goshawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae), squatter pigeon (Geophaps

scripta scripta), large-eared pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri), northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), grey-

headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), water mouse (Xeromys myoides), yakka skink (Egernia

rugosa) and brigalow scaly-foot (Paradelma orientalis).

Seven migratory listed fauna species were also observed on-site during the field survey, including the

eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis), eastern reef egret (Egretta sacra), white-bellied sea-

eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), rainbow bee-eater (Merops ornatus), whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus),

pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva) and caspian tern (Sterna caspia). Based on habitat preference, a

further 35 migratory listed fauna species may also potentially utilise habitat within the site.

2.2 Nature Conservation Act 1992

The Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) provides a comprehensive strategy for the conservation

and management of Queensland’s native flora and fauna. Its objective is to achieve ecological

sustainability by declaration and management of protected and the protection of wildlife and wildlife

habitats. Under the NC Act, the taking or destruction of listed flora and fauna species and/or protected

areas is prohibited without authorisation.

Two NC Act threatened fauna species include the beach stone-curlew (Esacus magnirostris) and

eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis); these have been recorded on site. Based on habitat

preference, a further 19 NC Act threatened fauna species may potentially utilise habitat within the LNG

facility site and include:

• The grey goshawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae)

• Glossy black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami)

• Black-necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus)

• Red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus)

• Squatter pigeon (Geophaps scripta scripta)

• Sooty oystercatcher (Haematopus fuliginosus)

• Powerful owl (Ninox strenua)

• Little tern (Sternula albifrons)




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• Square-tailed kite (Lophoictinia isura)

• Black-chinned honeyeater (Melithreptus gularis)

• Large-eared pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri)

• Little pied bat (Chalinolobus picatus)

• Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

• Grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

• Coastal sheathtail bat (Taphozous australis)

• Water mouse (Xeromys myoides)

• Yakka skink (Egernia rugosa)

• Brigalow scaly-foot (Paradelma orientalis).




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3. Habitat Utilisation by Conservation Significant Fauna

This section discusses the conservation significant fauna that have been recorded within the Curtis

Island Industry Precinct.

3.1 Tidal mudflats and mangroves

The tidal mudflats of the LNG facility site are utilised by a range of resident and migratory shorebirds.

Gladstone has been identified as a location of national significance for shorebirds (Clemens et al.

2008). Migratory shorebirds begin arriving in Australia in late August, with most birds commonly

present from October to March each year (DEWHA 2009b).

A survey of shorebirds along the shoreline of the Curtis Island Industry Precinct, conducted through

the period of November 2009 to March 2010, indicated that the tidal mudflats in this area are utlised

by migratory shorebirds. The number of individuals utilising this area is relatively low (BAAM 2010).

The tidal mudflats around North Passage Island recorded the highest utilisation by shorebirds in this

survey. A small number of Whimbrel (20–37 birds), was observed utilising the mangroves along the

Curtis Island Industrial Precinct for roosting. However, many of the species utilising the mudflats as

feeding areas fly to these mudflats from roost sites outside of the Industry Precinct (BAAM 2010).

The Friend Point roost site, located on the mainland adjacent to the LNG facility site, has been

identified as a major roost site for migratory shorebirds. A review of a survey conducted by Sandpiper

(2009), shows that this roost meets the criteria for important habitat for Whimbrel and Eastern Curlew

under the Draft EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.21 - Significant impact guidelines for 36 migratory

shorebird species (DEWHA 2009a). Under the EPBC guidelines, a ‘Site’ is defined for migratory wader

birds as: “the entire (discrete) area of contiguous habitat used by the group of migratory wader birds,

which may include multiple roosts and feeding areas.” Although the mudflats immediately impacted by

the development of the LNG facility are not utilised by a significant number of migratory shorebirds,

disturbance activities during the construction and operation of the facility should be minimised.

The water mouse (Xeromys myoides) potentially occurs within the mangroves and mudflat of the LNG

facility site. Three mounds within the tidal zone have been identified as potential water mouse

breeding mounds.

The rusty monitor (Varanus semiremex) is considered a high priority in the DERM Back on Track

framework. This species has been identified through a Wildlife Online database search of the wider

study area. A precautionary approach assumes that this species occurs within the LNG facility site.

There are three regionally significant species that may utilise the mangrove habitat within the LNG

facility site and have been recorded within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct. These include the olive-

backed sunbird (Nectarinia jugularis), shining flycatcher (Myiagra alecto) and rose-crowned fruit-dove

(Ptilinopus regina).




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3.2 Beach (Laird Point)

The beach at Laird Point is outside of the LNG facility site; however, Laird Point is currently utilised as

the landing point to access the main LNG facility site. It is expected that this location will continue to

be utilised until the Project’s landing facility has been completed. It is reasonable to assume that prior

to the activity generated by the combined LNG facilities within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct, this

beach would have been considered an isolated and relatively undisturbed beach. At the completion of

the construction period there is potential for Laird Point to return to being a relatively isolated area.

Three beach stone-curlews (Esacus magnirostris) were observed utilising the beach at Laird Point

during October 2009. The beach stone-curlew occurs on undisturbed beaches and is considered

sensitive to disturbance, particularly during nesting. Breeding occurs from October to February, with

nests comprising a scratched hollow just above the high tide mark.

The little tern (Sternula albifrons) was observed over open water within Gladstone harbour (BAAM

2010). This species nests on sheltered beaches. The significant disturbance however, of the beach at

Laird Point by feral cattle and horses reduces the likelihood of this location being utilised as a nest site

for the little tern.

A small number of shore birds have been observed utilising the beach and small clay pan at Laird

Point for roosting and foraging. On three occasions a moderately large flock of Whimbrels (20-37)

have been observed roosting on this small clay pan when it was inundated with water (BAAM 2010).

3.3 Salt pan

A limited number of shore birds have been observed foraging on the salt pan. Generally these birds

have been observed close to the mangrove habitat rather than on the open expanse of the flat. The

water mouse (Xeromys myoides) potentially forages over sections of the salt pan in search of prey.

Considering the prey species, the majority of the foraging activity is likely to be over sections of the

salt pan that are regularly inundated.

3.4 Melaleuca wetland

The melaleuca wetland is seasonally inundated and when full it discharges to the salt pan. The

wetland is heavily disturbed by feral cattle, horses and pigs. A considerable number of cane toads

have also been observed at this location. The wetland may be considered a relatively small habitat

feature within this landscape. Nonetheless, it does provide some heterogeneity in the habitat available

within the LNG facility site.

One regionally significant species, the barking owl (Ninox connivens), has been observed utilising

trees in and around this wetland as a daytime roost. Another regionally significant species, red-

backed button-quail (Turnix maculosus), has the potential to occur in this area.




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3.5 Eucalypt woodland

Eucalypt woodland is the dominant habitat type that will be directly impacted during the construction of

the LNG facility. Eucalypt woodland offers a range of habitat niches for terrestrial fauna, including tree

hollows, fallen logs and branches, surface rocks, soils suitable for burrows, peeling bark, leaf litter,

ground cover, mid-storey vegetation and canopy vegetation.

Two threatened fauna species have been identified utilising this habitat within the Curtis Island

Industry Precinct; powerful owl (Ninox strenua) and glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami).

The powerful owl has been recorded in eucalypt woodland adjacent to the southern property boundary

(Sandpiper 2009).

One regionally significant species has been recorded within the eucalypt woodland within the

development area; the bush stone-curlew (Burhius grallarius). A further two regionally significant

species have been recorded with the Curtis Island Industry Precinct; greater broad-nosed bat

(Scoteanax rueppellii) and blue-winged kookaburra (Dacelo leachii).




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4. Threatening Processes and Management Strategy

Threatening processes as defined under the EPBC Act are those processes that threaten or may

threaten the survival, abundance or evolutionary development of a native species or ecological

community. It is often difficult to identify one process that has lead to the decline of a species or

community. The factors leading to the decline of a species or community are related to a range of

associated threatening processes.

There are two distinct phases for this project where the threatening processes involved are different.

The construction period includes the clearing, earthworks and construction activities. This period can

be considered as a relatively short period of intensive activity and significant land use change. The

operational period of the facility extends for a longer time period of time. During this period there are

unlikely to be significant land use changes. The potential threatening processes during this period may

not be as dramatic, potentially resulting from the duration of exposure.

4.1 Construction period

4.1.1 Direct impact of the clearing operation

Land use change is the biggest driver in biodiversity alteration (Sala et al. 2000). For fauna within the

LNG facility site the process of clearing vegetation has the potential to result in injury or death. For

Least Concern species, this loss is unlikely to result in a significant impact to the species population in

the local area. For threatened species the loss of local individuals may result in a significant impact to

the species population in the local area.

4.1.2 Unearthing of fauna species

There is significant potential for direct impact on some fauna species from being unearthed during

construction. While many larger and more mobile fauna such as birds, macropods and larger reptiles

are likely to move away from the disturbance resulting from construction, smaller burrowing fauna

(especially nocturnal species) are likely to remain under the surface and therefore risk being dug up

and injured or killed. A range of burrowing fauna including frogs, lizards and small mammals are

potentially present within the development area. Two threatened fauna species are potentially affected

by unearthing if these species are within the development area; yakka skink (Egernia rugosa) and

water mouse (Xeromys myoides).

4.1.3 Loss of hollow bearing trees

An important potential impact on fauna is the loss of hollow-bearing trees. A large number of

Australian vertebrate fauna species are dependent on tree hollows for shelter and nesting, including

(amongst others) parrots, owls, possums, gliders and bats (Gibbons and Lindenmayer, 2002). The

formation of hollows suitable for use by vertebrate fauna does not occur until eucalypts are at least

120 years old, with large hollows rare in those under 220 years old. Mature trees with hollows are a

limited resource within the development area. Hollow-dependent fauna displaced from the

development area are however, likely to increase the competition for this limited resource in the

surrounding area.




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4.1.4 Loss of fallen logs and dead timber

Fallen logs and dead timber (coarse woody debris) on the ground provide shelter and habitat for a

broad range of small ground-dwelling fauna including native rodents, dasyurid marsupials, bandicoots,

lizards, snakes, frogs, and some birds (Robinson 1999, Driscoll et al. 2000). Fallen timber may be

used as shelter (either underneath timber or within hollow logs) and also as a source of food in the

form of invertebrates sheltering under the logs. Large fallen logs also provide essential protection for

fauna against bushfire. Loss or removal of fallen timber severely reduces the abundance and diversity

of small ground-dwelling fauna. Species which rely on coarse woody debris will be displaced from the

development area. This is likely to result in increased competition for this resource outside of the

development footprint.

4.1.5 Disturbance to migratory wader birds

For the purpose of this section, the definition of a shorebird species will be those species listed in the

Draft EPBC Act policy statement 3.21 (DEWHA 2009a). As such, this section is not applicable to all

migratory listed species.

Large numbers of migratory shorebirds over-winter in Australia or New Zealand before undertaking the

return migration to breeding grounds in the northern hemisphere. The EPBC Act recognises the

importance of migratory shorebird conservation. Gladstone has been identified as a location of

national significance for shorebirds (Clemens et al. 2008). Migratory shorebirds begin arriving in

Australia in late August, with most birds commonly present from October to March each year (DEWHA

2009b).

Seven migratory shorebirds are known to occur in the vicinity of the LNG facility on Curtis Island. A

further 16 species are considered to potentially occur within the wider study area based on their

distribution and preferred habitat. The species are listed in Error! Reference source not found. 4.1.

Table 4.1 Migratory Shorebirds

Common Name Scientific Name

*eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis

*red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis

*bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica

*whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

*Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva

*common greenshank Tringa nebularia

*grey-tailed tattler Heteroscelus brevipes

common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres

sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminate

red knot Calidris canutus




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Common Name Scientific Name

great knot Calidris tenuirostris

double-banded plover Charadrius bicinctus

greater sand plover Charadrius leschenaultia

lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus

Latham's snipe Gallinago hardwickii

oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum

broad-billed sandpiper Limicola falcinellus

Asian dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus

black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa

grey plover Pluvialis squatarola

marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis

terek sandpiper Xenus cinereus

* Denotes species that have been recorded within the wider study area.

Disturbance is considered a significant threatening process for migratory shorebirds. Disturbance

causes these birds to waste energy, which is required for migration. Shorebirds have limited

opportunity for effective foraging, during the low tide. Disturbance during this period can prevent these

birds from foraging effectively (Bamford et al. 2008). Of the different forms of human associated

disturbance, small aircraft and helicopter disturbance is seen as the most disturbing and long lasting.

Close approaches by various craft from the water generally disturb more birds than approaches by

people from the land. This is due to the majority of the shore birds being close to the water’s edge

when foraging or roosting. Disturbance from the land is generally a result of movement along the tidal

flat, which includes people and animals, particularly dogs (Davidson and Rothwell 1993). Studies

undertaken on shorebirds in the Dutch Wadden Sea suggest that shorebirds are impacted by high

sound levels with the receptor threshold being at 120dB(A). High sound levels result in birds moving

away from the area (Smit and Visser 1993).

The construction period potentially involves a high level of disturbance with increased activity on the

land, water and potentially in the air with the utilisation of helicopter access to the island. It is

reasonable to assume that the level of disturbance resulting from the increased activity and potentially

loud intermittent noise during this construction has the potential to result in a significant level of

disturbance. Although there are some shorebirds present all year round (as some birds do not

undertake the annual migration) the majority of migrating shorebirds will utilise the area from

November through to March each year. As such, the disturbance as a result of construction activity

outside of this period will not significantly impact these shorebirds.




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4.1.6 Sediment, pollutants and acid sulphate soil

The mangroves and saltpan habitats have been identified as potential habitat for the water mouse

(Xeromys myoides), with the identification of three possible nesting mounds along this section of the

foreshore. The water mouse is listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act and the NC Act. Processes

which impact on their habitat or prey are considered potential threatening processes for this species.

The water mouse preys on grapsid crabs, marine pulmonates and marine bivalves. Sediment,

pollutants and the release of acid sulphate soil is an identified threatening process for this species

(DEWHA 2009c). The project involves extensive amount of earthworks, including the reclamation of a

large area of the salt pan. There is potential for sediment, pollutants or the release of acid sulphate

from the construction area to impact the mangrove and tidal mudflat habitat.

Management Strategy

Sediment and pollutants will be managed as per the Australia Pacific LNG Project Stormwater

Management Plan LNG facility.

Acid sulphate soils will be managed as per the Australia Pacific LNG Project Acid Sulphate Soils

Management Plan LNG facility.

4.2 Operational period

4.2.1 Artificial l ighting

Concern about the effects of artificial lighting on wildlife and plants has been a relatively recent

phenomenon (Longcore and Rich 2007). The disorientation caused by artificial light on species such

as nocturnally migrating birds or marine turtles is well-known. More subtle influences of artificial night

lighting on behaviour and community ecology are less well-recognised (Longcore and Rich 2004).

Research and anecdotal evidence indicate potential for artificial lighting to influence the behaviour of

both nocturnal and diurnal species. A well-known example of this influence is that of insect attraction

to artificial light sources. There are potential benefits to insectivorous species that can exploit this

opportunity. The apparent benefit of an increased food supply for insectivorous species, however, has

other implications. The existing assembly of species utilising habitat within the area may alter,

resulting in a local increase in species able to exploit this niche. The balance between the gains of this

new opportunity and potential increased predation resulting from increased exposure for these species

is not been well understood (Longcore and Rich 2004). The potential impacts of artificial lighting on

any particular species and the severity will vary depending on the ecology of the species, the predator-

prey relations, the distance of the core population from the source of light and the reaction of that

species to light disturbance.

Reptiles and frogs that prey on invertebrates are likely to increase foraging activity in association with

increased invertebrate activity around lights. In particular, cane toads are likely to congregate around

lights. Given the current knowledge, the relationship between increased activity and increased

exposure to predation cannot accurately be assessed. Artificial lighting has, however, been implicated

in the decline of reptile populations (Bieir et al. 2008). The mating behaviour of frogs is potentially

altered by exposure to artificial lighting. Frogs have been observed to stop mating activity when

exposed to artificial lighting, with mating calls resuming once the area was shielded from the light

(Longcore and Rich 2004).




LNG FACILITY

Page 14

Small mammals have been observed to alter foraging behaviour in response to artificial light. The

behavioural changes associated with illumination are likely to be an anti-predator response because

the perceived risk of predation increases with increasing light (Bird et al 2004). Insectivorous bat

species have been observed to congregate around artificial lights to feed on insects. It is, however,

only the faster flying bats exploiting this niche while other slower flying insectivorous bat species tend

to avoid artificially lit areas (Longcore and Rich 2004).

Artificial lighting impacts on birds include the disruption of nesting sites or the altered choice of nesting

sites, disruption of roosting, the altered timing of a dawn chorus and general disturbance. The impact

of artificially lit towers on nocturnal migratory birds is well documented (Longcore et al. 2008; Poot et

al. 2008). Birds are known to become disoriented and entrapped by artificial lights. Once a bird is

within a lit area at night, the bird may become ‘trapped’ and will not leave the lit area (Longcore and

Rich 2004). The disorientation of nocturnally migrating birds by lights results in either direct mortality or

depletion of energy reserves (Poot et al. 2008). Under the conditions of the study conducted by Poot

et al. (2008), the influence of light on nocturnal migrating birds was up to 5km. The proposed LNG

facility is a different layout to the facility studied by Poot et al. (2008), which was an oil platform. The

influence of the proposed LNG facility is unlikely to extend as far due to height of the facility, the

location of the facility and the surrounding terrain. The study by Poot et al. (2008) does, however,

illustrate the potential for influence by artificial light.

There is no one solution to mitigate the effects of artificial nightlight. Some species are sensitive to

yellow light, while other species are sensitive to blue (Longcore and Rich 2007). ‘Turtle friendly’ lights

have been demonstrated to affect the foraging activity of small mammals (Bird et al. 2004). ‘Bird

friendly’ green lighting has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the impact of artificial light on

nocturnal migrating birds; however, this light form has not been tested on other faunal groups (Poot et

al. 2008). Currently recognised strategies to reduce potential lighting impacts include strategic light

placement, lighting shields, the utilisation of motion detection lighting (where practical) and alternative

lighting options such as, yellow insect lights (Witherington and Martin 1996).

4.2.2 Migratory wader birds

The primary mode of access to the operational LNG facility on Curtis Island will be via a ferry.

Although a helipad will be constructed on site, it is expected there will be minimal use of helicopters.

The construction of the LNG facility infrastructure will result in the loss of some foraging habitat for

shorebirds. Post-construction, there is potential for some shorebirds to continue to utilise mudflats

outside of the immediate development footprint provided these areas are not significantly altered

during construction. Shorebirds have differing levels of tolerance to disturbance (Davidson and

Rothwell 1993). It has been observed that shorebirds become familiar with a constant level of activity.

The distance between the foraging shore birds and the potentially disturbing human activity was

observed to be significantly reduced across the duration of the bird’s exposure to the activity (Smit and

Visser 1993).

Once operational, likely activities that may cause disturbance to migratory waders are shipping

activity, smaller boats undertaking ferry roles and operational activity around the tidal mudflats. Large

shipping activity associated with the LNG facility will be slow moving and restricted to the dredged

access channel, as such this is unlikely to contribute significantly to the disturbance activity. High

levels of operational activity around the mud flats will potentially cause disturbance to shorebird

foraging activity. Intertidal habitat is however, not utilised evenly. Mudflats with exposed sea grass




LNG FACILITY

Page 15

beds are more intensely utilised and close proximity to a high-tide roost site is identified as one of the

most important factors in determining the distribution of shorebirds on an intertidal flat. Of critical

importance for shorebird roosting sites is the few roost sites that are available during the particularly

high or spring tides when many alternative sites are inundated (Geering et al. 2007).

The Friend Point roost meets the criteria for important habitat for whimbrel and eastern curlew under

the draft EPBC guidelines (DEWHA 2009a). Buffer zones of 150–200m around identified important

habitat have been determined as a requirement to minimise disturbance to more sensitive shorebird

species (Paton et al. 2000). Although the mudflats are utilised by low numbers of migratory shorebirds,

the LNG facility site itself has not been identified as a major location of feeding or roosting. It can be

expected that there will be a reduction in the use of the mudflat immediately around the marine

infrastructure by more nervous species of shorebirds.

4.2.3 Feral animals

Feral and exotic animals will be managed, as per the Biosecurity Management Plan.




LNG FACILITY

Page 16

5. Management Plan

5.1 Construction period

5.1.1 Direct impact of the clearing operation

Threatening process: Direct impact resulting in injury or death of fauna.

Performance Indicators: No injury or death of conservation significant species.

Minimisation of impacts for general fauna species.

Requirement Action Responsibility

Staged clearing

approach.

Pre-clearing survey to identify all hollow-bearing trees

and active nest location. All hollow-bearing trees and

those with active nests will be clearly marked.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

A licensed and qualified fauna spotter-catcher will be

on site during all clearing activities. The fauna spotter

catcher will be in constant radio communication with

the clearing operator.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Hollow-bearing trees and those with active nests are

not to be included in the timber harvesting stage.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Second stage of clearing, with hollow bearing trees

and those with active nests to be left standing for a

period of 24 hours after the surrounding vegetation is

cleared.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Final stage of clearing. The fauna spotter catcher to

inspect tree hollows and nests prior to the tree being

felled.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

If an individual still remains within the hollow the fauna

spotter-catcher will decide to either remove the

individual or remove the section of tree containing the

individual. This will then be relocated within remnant

vegetation to be determined by the fauna spotter-

catcher.

Fauna spotter-catcher

Training All staff and contractors will be inducted in fauna

management during the clearing process.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Monitoring Records of formal training in fauna management for all

staff and contractors. Regular updates to all staff on

the progress of fauna management during the clearing

Construction

Contractor

Environmental




LNG FACILITY

Page 17


process. Manager

Reporting All fauna injuries or deaths will be reported to the

Construction Contractor Site Manager.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

A monthly update on fauna injury, death, capture and

relocations will be provided to Australia Pacific LNG.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Corrective Action Clearing procedure will be reviewed and improvements

to the procedure will be made as required.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

5.1.2 Unearthing of fauna species

Threatening process: Unearthing of fauna resulting in injury or death.

Target: No injury or death to conservation significant fauna. Minimisation of impacts for general fauna

species.


Site survey prior to

clearing activity.

Fauna spotter-catcher to assess the area for potential

burrows or faunal habitat prior to the commencement

of earthworks.


Fauna spotter-catcher to be present during the

removal of the top layers of earth. The depth is to be

determined by the fauna spotter-catcher on site.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

If fauna is identified, the fauna spotter-catcher will

relocate the fauna to an appropriate location within the

remnant vegetation.


Fauna spotter catcher and the earthworks contractor

will be in constant radio communication during the

work.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Training All staff and contractors will be trained in fauna

management during the earthworks.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Monitoring Records of formal training in fauna management for all

staff and contractors. Regular updates to all staff on

the progress of fauna management during the clearing

process.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager




LNG FACILITY

Page 18

Reporting All fauna injuries or deaths will be reported to the


All Staff

A weekly update on fauna injury, death, capture and

relocations will be provided to the Construction

Contractor Site Manager.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Corrective action Earthworks procedure will be reviewed and

improvements to the procedure will be made as

required.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

5.1.3 Loss of hollow bearing trees

Threatening process: Loss of tree hollows within the development area and increased competition

for tree hollows within the surrounding area.

Target: No net loss of tree hollows within the wider LNG facility site during the clearing process.


Offsetting the loss

of tree hollows

within the

development

footprint.

Pre-clearing survey to identify significant hollow-

bearing trees within the development footprint.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Placement of nest boxes within the remnant vegetation

around the development footprint to offset the loss of

tree hollows within the development footprint. Ratio of

the offset will be two nest boxes for every tree hollow

removed. Nest boxes to be installed prior to

commencement of clearing. The placement of these

boxes will be done in a professional manner; will not

adversely affect the host tree and will ensure the nest

box remains in place for the useable life of the nest

box.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Training All staff will be made aware of the purpose of the nest

boxes and will be updated on the use of these items

during the clearing program.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Monitoring Nest boxes to be monitored before, during and after

the clearing process to assess the use of the boxes or

otherwise.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Records of faunal use of the nest boxes will be

maintained on site.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager




LNG FACILITY

Page 19


Records of staff training will be maintained on site. Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Reporting A monthly update on the use of the nest boxes will be

provided to the Construction Contractor Site Manager.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Corrective action Improvements or alterations to the management

strategy will be made from the outcomes of the

monitoring program, as required.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

5.1.4 Loss of fallen logs and dead timber

Threatening process: Loss of course woody debris within the development footprint and increased

competition for this resource within the wider LNG facility site.

Target: To minimise the competition for this resource within the wider LNG facility site during the

clearing process.


Relocation of

course wood

debris in remnant

vegetation around

the development

footprint.

Significant hollow-bearing logs within the development

footprint will be relocated within remnant vegetation.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Fauna spotter-catcher/ecologist to assess the area for

significant logs prior to the second stage of clearing.


Fauna spotter-catcher to assess the logs for fauna

prior to the relocation of the logs.


Fauna spotter-catcher/ecologist to direct the relocation

of the logs.


Training All staff and contractors involved in the clearing

process will be trained in the management of

significant hollow logs.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Monitoring Record of the training of all staff and contractors will be

maintained on site.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

A record of the number of significant logs relocated will

be maintained.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager




LNG FACILITY

Page 20


Reporting A weekly update of the number of significant habitat

logs that have been relocated will be provided to the


Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Corrective action Improvements or alterations to the management

strategy will be made from the outcomes of the

monitoring program, as required.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

5.1.5 Disturbance to migratory wader birds

Threatening process: Disturbance to migratory wader birds.

Target: To minimise disturbance to migratory wader birds during the construction period.


Limited potentially

disturbing activity

on the tidal

mudflats during

November to

March

Identify all construction activities on the tidal mudflat and

schedule those activities to limit their impact during the

period of September to March.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Identify those construction activities on the tidal mudflat that

are considered essential construction activities to the

project and require construction between September and

March. A specific management strategy for those activities

is to be developed.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Training All staff will be trained in the area’s significance to migratory

wader birds and the strategies to manage potential impacts

to this faunal group.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

Monitoring Specific monitoring requirements will come out of the

management strategy for each construction activity.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Reporting A record of all staff training will be maintained on site. Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Specific reporting requirements will come out of the


Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Corrective Action Corrective actions will come out of the management

strategy for each construction.

Construction

Contractor Site




LNG FACILITY

Page 21


Manager

5.2 Operational period

5.2.1 Artificial l ighting

Threatening process: The potentially significant alteration of faunal behaviour due to artificial lighting

directly related to the project.

Target: No significant behavioural alteration resulting in the local decline of a species due to the

development of this facility. For the purpose of this target, the term ‘significant’ will mean a

behavioural alteration leading in the decline of the local species population and resulting in an

increased conservation concern for the species.


Lighting design Strategic placement of lighting around the facility to

limit light shed outside of the development area.

Australia Pacific LNG

Site Manager

Instillation of lighting shields. Australia Pacific LNG

Site Manager

Utilisation of yellow insect lights where appropriate

around the facility.


Site Manager

New research and

developments.

A biannual annual review of new technologies and

research on artificial lighting over the lifetime of the

project.


Environmental

Manager

Training All staff and contractor will be trained in the potential

impacts of artificial lighting and the management

strategy being implemented.


Site Manager

Monitoring All fauna deaths will be investigated to establish if

artificial lighting is implicated or contributed to the

death.


Environmental

Manager

An annual fauna survey will be conducted to monitor

fauna trends around the facility and in remnant

vegetation adjacent to the facility.


Environmental

Manager

Reporting Specific reporting requirements will come out of the



Environmental

Manager

Biannual review of the management of artificial

lighting, including the results of the annual fauna

surveys.


Environmental

Manager




LNG FACILITY

Page 22


Corrective action Corrective action will come out of any fauna incident

were lighting is implicated as a contributing factor.


Site Manager

Improvements to the management of artificial lighting

will be developed from the biannual review.


Site Manager

5.2.2 Migratory wader birds

Threatening process: Ongoing disturbance to migratory wader birds.

Target: The utilisation of tidal mudflats around the development area by migratory wader birds during

the operation period.


Establishment of

an operational

buffer around

Friend Point.

Determine operational requirements for large and

small shipping movements. Implement an operational

buffer around Friend Point during the period between

September to March.


Site Manager

Minimise

disturbance to

migratory waders.

Reduce activity on the mudflats during the period of

September to March where practicable.


Site Manager

Schedule potentially disturbing maintenance or

improvement activity to outside of the September to

March period where practicable.


Site Manager

Training All staff and contractors will be trained in the

importance of the area to migratory wader birds and

the strategies to manage potential impacts to this

faunal group.


Site Manager

Monitoring A high level survey will be conducted annually to

determine the utilisation of the tidal mudflat by

migratory wader birds.


Environmental

Manager

Any incidents resulting in disturbance to more than 20

migratory wader birds at one time will be investigated.


Environmental

Manager

Reporting An annual report of the use of the tidal mudflats around

the LNG facility by migratory wader birds.


Environmental

Manager

Corrective Action Corrective action will developed as required from the

monitoring and reporting outcomes.


Site Manager




LNG FACILITY

Page 23

6. Fauna rescue and relocation procedure

Target: No fatalities of conservation significant fauna and the relocation of fauna from within the

development area.


Fauna moving out

of the

development area.

All fauna will be given the opportunity to move out of

the development area of their own accord.

All staff

Relocation of

fauna.

Only a suitably qualified fauna-spotter catcher will

handle fauna.

All staff

If a fauna individual does not move out of the

development area then the fauna spotter-catcher will

relocated the individual to an appropriate location

within the remnant vegetation around the development

site, to be determined by the fauna spotter-catcher.

Fauna spotter catcher

The fauna-spotter catcher will provide a suitable record

to the Construction Contractor Environmental

Manager.


Restraining fauna. If an animal has to be restrained, the animal must be

stored in an appropriate manner determined by the

fauna spotter catcher (suitable housing including cages

and calico or hessian bags).


All staff involved in the activity will be made aware of

the animal and any specific requirements for its safety

and well- being.


The animal will be kept in a safe, quite and sheltered

location.


The animal will be checked at regular intervals to

assess its well-being and the suitability of its handling.


The fauna spotter-catcher will provide a suitable record


Manager.


Injured fauna or

displaced young.

All injured fauna or displaced young will be delivered to

a qualified wildlife carer.

Construction

Contractor Site

Manager

The fauna spotter catcher will provide a suitable record


Manager.





LNG FACILITY

Page 24


Training All staff and contractors will be trained in the strategies

for fauna management.

Constructio Contractor

Site Manager

Monitoring All records from the fauna spotter-catcher will be

reviewed.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

All records including any information gained through

investigations undertaken will be maintained.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Reporting A weekly update of the fauna records will be provided

to the Construction Contractor Site Manager.

Construction

Contractor

Environmental

Manager

Corrective action Improvements to the management strategy will be

developed from the outcomes of any fauna incident

investigation or as the opportunity is identified. For the

purposes of this target a fauna incident will be defined

as a direct action resulting in the death of fauna.


Site Manager




LNG FACILITY

Page 25

7. Compliance Responsibilities

The persons responsible for compliance with this plan during the construction period and operational

phase and their responsibilities are summarised below.

7.1 Construction phase

During the construction period, the Construction Contractor Site Manager will be the Responsible

Person and will undertake the following:

• Ensure that the requirements of this plan are satisfied.

• Ensure that contractors and any sub-contractors engaged in the construction of the LNG facility

are advised of their responsibilities to undertake their activities required by this plan.

• Ensure that contractors and any sub-contractors engaged in the construction of the LNG facility

are advised of their responsibilities regarding fauna management.

• Ensure that the auditing/monitoring program is implemented properly.

• Prepare incident reports and implement corrective actions.

• Ensure appropriate records are kept and maintained on-site.

• Retain a copy of this plan on-site for reference by appropriate personnel and provide copy of

plan to contractors.

• Recommend additions or changes to this plan based upon experience gained from

implementation of the plan.

7.2 Operational phase

During the operational phase and subsequent de-commissioning period, the Australia Pacific LNG

Environmental Manager will be the Responsible Person and will undertake the following:

• Ensure that the requirements of this plan are satisfied.

• Ensure that the auditing/monitoring program is implemented properly.

• Prepare incident reports and implement corrective actions.

• Ensure appropriate records are kept and maintained on-site.

• Retain a copy of this plan on-site for reference by appropriate personnel.

• Recommend additions or changes to this plan based upon experience gained from

implementation of the plan.




LNG FACILITY

Page 26

8. References

Bamford, M., Watkins, D., Bancroft, W., Tischler, G. and Wahl, J. 2008. Migratory Shorebirds of the

East Asian – Australasian Flyway; Population Estimates and Internationally Important Sites. Wetlands

International – Oceania, Canberra.

BAAM 2010. APLNG Project Area Wader Bird Surveys, Report prepared by Biodiversity Assessment

Management for WorleyParsons, June 2010.

Beier. P, D. Majka, S. Newell and E. Garding 2008. Best Management Practices for Wildlife Corridors.

Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.

Bird, B. L., L. C. Branch, and D. L. Miller 2004. Effects of coastal lighting on foraging behaviour of

beach mice. Conservation Biology 18:1435–1339.

Clemens, R. S., Haslem, A., Oldland, J., Shelley, L., Weston, M.A., and Diyan, M.A.A. 2008.

Identification of Significant Shorebird Areas in Australia: Mapping, Thresholds and Criteria. Report

prepared for the Australian Government’s Department of Natural Environment, Water, Heritage and

the Arts (DEWHA) by Birds Australia, Melbourne.

Davidson, N. and Rothwell, P. 1993. Disturbance to waterfowl on estuaries. Wader Study Group Bull.

68 Special Issue.

DEWHA. 2009a. Draft EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.21 - Significant impact guidelines for 36 migratory

shorebird species: Migratory species. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts,

Canberra.

DEWHA 2009b. Significant impact guidelines for 36 migratory shorebird species Migratory species

Background paper to EPBC Act policy statement 3.21. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage

and the Arts, Canberra.

DEWHA 2009c. Significant impact guidelines for the vulnerable water mouse (Xeromys myoides)

Nationally threatened species and ecological communities Background paper to EPBC Act policy

statement 3.20. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.

Driscoll, D., Milkovits, G. and Freudenberger, D. 2000. Impact and Use of Firewood in Australia .

Report for CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems.

EPA 2006. Biodiversity Planning Assessment - South-east Queensland North Landscape Expert

Panel Report. Version 3.5. Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane.

Geering, A., Agnew, L. and Harding, S. 2007. Shorebirds of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria.

Gibbons, P. and Lindenmayer, D.B. 2002 Tree hollows and wildlife conservation in Australia. CSIRO

Publishing, Melbourne.

Longcore, T. and Rich, C. 2004. Ecological light pollution. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2:

191-198.

Longcore, T. and Rich, C. 2007. Lights out! For nature. Pp. 165–171 in C. Marín and J. Jafari (eds.),

StarLight: a common heritage. StarLight Initiative La Palma Biosphere Reserve, Instituto De




LNG FACILITY

Page 27

Astrofísica De Canarias, Government of The Canary Islands, Spanish Ministry of The Environment,

UNESCO - MaB., Canary Islands, Spain.

Longcore. T, C. Rich, and S. A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 2008. Height, guy wires, and steady-burning lights

increase hazard of communication towers to nocturnal migrants: a review and meta-analysis. The Auk

125(2):485–492.

Sala. O.E, F. Chapin III. S, Armesto. J.J, Berlow. E, BloomÞeld. J, Dirzo. R, Huber-Sanwald. E,

Huenneke. L.F, Jackson.R.B, Kinzig. A, Leemans. R, Lodge. D.M, Mooney. H.A, Oesterheld. M,

LeRoy Poff. N, Sykes. M.T, Walker. B.H, Walker. M, Wall. D.H. 2000. Global Biodiversity Scenarios for

the Year 2100: Science Compass Review. pp. 1770-1774 Science Vol 287 10 March 2000.

Paton, D.C., Ziembicki, M., Owen, P. and Heddle, C. 2000. Disturbance distance for water birds and

the management of human recreation with special reference to the Coorong region of South Australia.

Final report for the Migratory Waterbird component of the National wetlands Program.

Poot, H., B. J. Ens, H. de Vries, M. A. H. Donners, M. R. Wernand, and J. M. Marquenie 2008. Green

light for nocturnally migrating birds. Ecology and Society 13(2):47.

Robinson, D. 1999. The Value of Dead Wood to Wildlife and Agriculture. Land for Wildlife Note No. 5,

Land For Wildlife South-east Queensland. November 1999.

Sandpiper 2009. QGC Queensland Curtis LNG project, Curtis Island Supplementary Targeted Bird

Survey. Report prepared by Sandpiper Ecological Surveys for the Queensland Curtis LNG Project,

March 2009

Shah, B., Shine, R., Hudson, S. and Kearney, M. 2004. An experimental study of retreat-site selection

by thick-tailed geckos, Nephrurus milii. Austral Ecology 29:547-552.

Shine, R., Webb, J.K., Fitzgerald, M., Sumner, J. 1998. The impact of bush-rock removal on an

endangered snake species, Hoplocephalus bungaroides. Wildlife Research 25:285-295.

Smit, C.J. and Visser, G,J,M. 1993. Effects of disturbance on shorebirds: a summary of existing

knowledge from the Dutch Wadden Sea and Delta area. Wader Study Group Bulletin. 68: 6-19.

Witherington, B.E. and Martin, R.E. 1996. Understanding, Assessing, and Resolving Light-Pollution

Problems on Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches. Florida Department of Environmental Protection FMRI

Technical Report TR-2.

Webb, J.K. and Shine, R. 2000. Paving the way for habitat restoration: can artificial rocks restore

degraded habitats for endangered reptiles? Biological Conservation 92:93-99.

WorleyParsons 2010. Terrestrial Ecology LNG Facility. Australia Pacific LNG Project, Environmental

Impact Statement Vol 5, Att 16.




LNG FACILITY

Appendix

Appendix 1 Species Profiles for Conservation Significant Fauna




LNG FACILITY

Appendix

Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua)

Conservation Status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the Queensland NC Act.

Ecology and Habitat: The powerful owl (Ninox strenua) is an opportunistic, nocturnal hunter that

preys mainly on arboreal and semi-arboreal marsupials such as gliders and possums. Breeding occurs

May to October with the nests occurring in a large tree hollow (Schodde and Tidemann 1990). It is

estimated that suitable tree hollows for powerful owls do not form until eucalyptus trees are at least

150-200 years old. Tree hollows are also required for the primary prey species (medium to large

arboreal mammals such as possums and gliders). Powerful owls are sedentary with home ranges

varying in size from 400-1500ha (Webster et al. 2004).

Threatening Processes: The primary threatening process is the removal of habitat, particularly

suitable hollow bearing trees for both the powerful owls’ nesting requirements and for the

requirements of the primary prey species. Conservation actions include the identification and

conservation of habitat areas and the associated areas of significant hollow bearing trees (Webster et.

al. 2004).

Occurrence: The powerful owl has been recorded on two separate occasions in eucalypt woodland

adjacent to the southern boundary of the site (Sandpiper 2009). The LNG facility site is within the

foraging range for this individual.

Grey Goshawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Near Threatened’ under the Queensland NC Act.

Ecology and habitat: The preferred habitat of the grey goshawk is heavily timbered areas in coastal

and sub-coastal regions. Once a home territory is established, the grey goshawk is sedentary.

Breeding pairs seem to be permanent, occupying the same home range and building on the same

nesting structure in consecutive years. In the northern parts of its range, nesting occurs from January

to May (Schodde and Tidemann 1990).

Threatening processes: Likely threatening processes for this species in Queensland have not been

documented, however the loss of suitable habitat and disturbance of nest sites are likely factors.

Occurrence: There is one Wildlife Online record of the grey goshawk within the wider study. The LNG

facility site may fall within the home range of a resident pair. There is, however, unlikely to be a nest

within the LNG facility site as the vegetation is not considered dense enough to be prime habitat.

Glossy Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the Queensland NC Act and considered a high

priority in the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: The glossy black-cockatoo is a highly specialised feeder, reliant on sheoak

seeds. The favoured species are the black sheoak (Allocasuarina littoralis) and forest sheoak

(Allocasuarina torulosa). Breeding occurs in the hollows of living eucalypt trees.




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Appendix

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species include the loss and fragmentation

of habitat, the loss of feed trees and increase competition for suitable breeding hollows (Garnett and

Crowley 2000).

Occurrence: The glossy black cockatoo has been recorded within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct

(URS 2009). There are however, no large stands of sheoak species within the LNG facility site.

Several smaller clusters of black sheoak (Allocasuarina littoralis) trees (4-8 individuals) occur within

the LNG facility site however, there were no glossy black cockatoo feeding signs observed. It is

unlikely that the LNG facility site contains significant food resources for this species.

Yellow Chat (Epthianura crocea macgregori) “Dawson”

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ under the EPBC Act, ‘Endangered’ under the

Queensland NC Act and considered a high priority under the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: Critical habitat for this species is wetlands and associated grassland on

seasonally inundated marine plains. These wetlands have shallow braided channels and depressions

with a mosaic of dense sedge-beds, grasslands, tall samphire and areas of mud and/or shallow water

(Houston and Melzer 2008).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species include modifications to hydrological

regimes and high densities of feral pigs or cattle, which trample suitable habitat areas (Houston and

Melzer 2008).

Occurrence: The Dawson yellow chat is known to occur on marine plains at the northern end of

Curtis Island. Marine flats on the south side of the salt pan provide some habitat potential within the

Project. However, grazing and disturbance by feral horses and cattle have reduced the likelihood of

this species occurring.

Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus)


Ecology and habitat: The black-necked stork occurs in freshwater wetlands including billabongs,

lakes, swamps, freshwater pools, floodplains and occasionally mangroves. During breeding, this

species constructs a large nest in trees or large bushes, often over swamps. This species is

considered relatively resilient to habitat modification (DECCW NSW 2005).

Threatening processes: Loss of wetland habitat, the degradation of these habitats and the

modification of natural wetlands through changes to the natural flow regimes. Identified actions for the

improvement of the outlook for the black-necked stork are habitat protection for foraging and nesting

sites, habitat management through the exclusion of stock, the control of weed species, the reduction

of nutrients and the avoidance of herbicides and pesticides around known habitat wetlands (DECCW

NSW 2005).

Occurrence: A Birds Australia Birdata search indicates that the black-necked stork has been

recorded in marine plains on the eastern side of Curtis Island. It is possible that the LNG facility site

may be utilised as a foraging area for this species.




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Appendix

Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ in the EPBC Act; ‘Endangered’ under the Queensland

NC Act and ‘High’ under the DERM Back on Track Framework.

Ecology and habitat: The red goshawk is sparsely distributed across northern of Australia and down

the east coast of Queensland (Barrett et al. 2003). Individuals of this species require very large

territories and occur in areas of high biodiversity. The bird’s preferred habitat is woodland and forests

with a mosaic of vegetation types, favouring areas with permanent water and large bird populations.

The bird generally avoids very dense and very open habitats. Nests are constructed in large trees

within 1km of permanent water. The nesting site or a location close to the existing nesting site is used

in successive breeding years.

Threatening processes: The main threatening process for this species is the removal of habitat,

particularly lowland riverine forest. Recovery actions include the identification and conservation of

existing red goshawk habitat and nesting sites and efforts to increase the awareness and

understanding of the species (NSW NPWS 2002).

Occurrence: There are no recorded sightings of this species within the wider study area. A

Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) database search indicates the

potential for this species to occur within the wider study area. Considering the nesting requirements of

this species, it is unlikely that nesting would occur within the LNG facility site. The LNG facility site may

however, fall within the foraging range of an individual.

Squatter Pigeon (Geophaps scripta scripta)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act and the Queensland NC Act.

Ecology and habitat: The squatter pigeon occurs mainly in grassy woodlands and open forests

dominated by eucalypts, usually with access to water (Garnett and Crowley 2000). It forages on the

ground for seeds from a range of grasses, legumes and other herbs and will eat insects and ticks.

Nests are scraped into the ground beneath a tussock of grass and sparsely lined with grass. There is

no specific location identified where nesting is likely to occur (DEWHA 2009a).

Threatening processes: The main threatening processes for the squatter pigeon (southern) are the

degradation of habitat through grazing pressure and predation particularly, from cats and foxes

(DEWHA 2009a).

Occurrence: This species has been recorded on the mainland adjacent to the LNG facility site during

recent surveys (Sandpiper 2009). This species is considered a highly mobile taxon and is likely to

utilise habitat within the LNG facility site when suitable resources are available.

Little Tern (Sternula albifrons)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Migratory’ under the EPBC Act, ‘Endangered’ under the NC Act and

considered a high priority under the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: Little terns are almost exclusively coastal, occurring on beaches, sheltered

inlets, estuaries and bays, particularly where there are sand banks and spits. The birds feed on fish,




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Appendix

foraging over inshore waters and estuaries. Nesting occurs between the high tide mark and shore

vegetation on undisturbed beaches (Garnett and Crowley 2000). Breeding colonies are unobtrusive

and are easily overlooked as the eggs are laid directly on the sand (DERM 2009a).

Threatening processes: The primary threatening processes for this species is the disturbance or loss

of nesting areas. This includes the disturbance of nesting areas by human recreational activities,

predation while nesting by foxes, dogs, cats, rats and silver gulls and the loss of suitable habitat due to

development or recreational activities (DERM 2009a).

Occurrence: The little tern has been recorded over the water within Gladstone Harbour (BAAM 2010).

The sand beach at Laird Point is a potential nesting area for this species. However, current

disturbance levels on this beach by feral horses and cattle reduce the likelihood of this location being

utilised for nesting.

Sooty Oystercatcher (Haematopus fuliginosus)


Ecology and habitat: The sooty oystercatcher favours rocky headlands, rocky shelves, exposed

reefs, beaches and estuaries. Eggs are laid in a scrape in the sand or among pebbles (Garnett and

Crowley 2000).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species include the disturbance of coastal

nesting, feeding and roosting areas and predation of the eggs and chicks (DECCW NSW 2005).

Occurrence: The sooty oystercatcher has been recorded in the Curtis Island Industry Precinct (BAAM

2009). The tidal mudflats in the LNG facility site provide suitable foraging habitat for this species.

Square-tailed Kite (Lophoictinia isura)


Ecology and habitat: The square-tailed kite inhabits coastal forests and woodlands around Australia.

The preferred habitat is areas that are structurally diverse and communities that are rich in passerines.

This species is a specialised hunter of passerines (particularly honeyeaters) and insects in the tree

canopy (Garnett and Crowley 2000). Nests are usually located along or near watercourses (NSW

NPWS 1999).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes include the loss of habitat, particularly along

watercourses in inland areas, disturbance of nest trees and inappropriate fire or grazing regimes,

which result in reduced nesting and feeding resources. Conservation actions include the protection

and maintenance of nesting habitat and the alteration of burning and grazing regimes to maintain or

enhance floristic and structural diversity (NSW NPWS 1999).

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search of the wider study area indicated one record of this

species. Considering the lack of permanent water within the study area, it is unlikely that this species

would nest within the LNG facility site. The LNG facility site may fall within the foraging range of this

species.




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Appendix

Black-chinned Honeyeater (Melithreptus gularis)


Ecology and habitat: The preferred habitat of the black-chinned honeyeater is open eucalypt

woodland with an annual rainfall of between 400-700mm (Garnett and Crowley 2000). A communal

group consists of 2-12 birds. A group is considered sedentary; however, due to the large territory over

which these birds forage; the birds often appear to be locally nomadic (Schodde and Tidemann 1990).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes include the clearing of open forest and woodland

habitat, poor regeneration of these habitats due to intense grazing and competition by more

aggressive species such as the noisy miner (Manorina flavigula) in smaller remnants. Conservation

actions proposed for this species include the conservation of habitat and the increased connectivity of

open woodland habitats through revegetation programs (DECCW NSW 2005).

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search of the wider study area indicates two records of this

species. The habitat within the LNG facility site is suitable for this species. Considering the mobility of

this species there is a potential for the black-chinned honeyeater to utilise habitat within the LNG

facility site.

Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Migratory’ under the EPBC Act and ‘Near Threatened’ under the

Queensland NC Act.

Ecology and habitat: The eastern curlew is a migratory species arrives in Australia around August

from breeding grounds in Russia and north eastern China. South east Queensland hosts one quarter

of the world’s population species during the non-breeding season. Foraging occurs on intertidal

mudflats, particularly on exposed seagrass beds or mudflats for burrowing crabs or shrimps (Geering

et al. 2007).

Threatening processes: Disturbance has been identified as a significant threatening process for

migratory wader birds as this prevents the birds from foraging effectively (Bamford et al. 2008). Buffer

zones of 150–200m around identified important habitat have been determined as a requirement to

minimise disturbance to shorebird species (Paton et al. 2000).

Occurrence: The eastern curlew has been observed foraging on the tidal mudflats and clay pan

within the LNG facility site. A field study by Sandpiper (2009) indicates that the Friend Point roost

meets the criteria of important habitat under the draft EPBC guidelines (DEWHA 2009d). Under the

EPBC guidelines, a ‘Site’ is defined for migratory wader birds as ‘the entire (discrete) area of

contiguous habitat used by the group of migratory wader birds, which may include multiple roosts and

feeding areas.’

Beach Stone-curlew (Esacus magnirostris)






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Appendix

Ecology and habitat: The beach stone-curlew occurs around the north and east coast of Australia on

undisturbed beaches. This species is primarily nocturnal in activity, although this is affected by the

tide (Geering et al. 2007). The beach stone-curlew forages in the intertidal zone for crabs and other

invertebrates. Nesting occurs on sandbanks, sand spits, among mangroves or in sand surrounded by

short grass and scattered casuarinas (DERM 2009b).

Threatening processes: This species is considered sensitive to disturbance. Threatening processes

for this species are loss of habitat due to industrial and residential development, predation of the eggs

and chicks by feral animals and off road vehicles or beach combing activities. Recovery actions

include the protection of important habitat areas from urban and industrial development and pollution;

restricting or controlling assess to beaches where these birds are resident, particularly during the

breeding season and implementing control measures for feral animals (DERM 2009b).

Occurrence: The beach stone-curlew has been regularly sighted on the beach at Laird Point (BAAM

2010, WorleyParsons 2010). During October 2009, three individuals were sighted on several

occasions utilising this beach. Considering the disturbance resulting from the construction activity, it is

likely that the beach stone-curlew will move away from this area. Providing the habitat remains intact

following the construction period, there is a potential for this beach to be utilised following the

construction period. Impacts from disturbance during construction are only likely to be significant if the

work affects nesting, which typically occurs on beaches during October to December.

Northern Quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus )

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Endangered’ under the EPBC Act.

Ecology and habitat: Northern quolls occupy a large home range utilising a variety of dens, including

rock crevices, tree hollows, logs, termite mounds, and goanna burrows. Northern quolls are

omnivorous feeding on a wide range of insects, small mammals, reptiles, eggs and fruits. Males of

this species die after one year, which is thought to be due to the stresses of mating (Van Dyck and

Strahan 2008).

Threatening processes: The highest threatening process for this species is the arrival of cane toads,

with local populations in the Northern Territory usually extinct within a year of the arrival of cane toads.

Other threatening processes include the removal of ground cover by fire leading to increased

mortality, feral predators and mortality due to pesticide poisoning (Van Dyck and Strahan 2008). The

survival of northern quoll populations in Queensland where cane toads are present is more likely to

occur in areas with steeper slopes, shallower soils, more rock and with fewer disturbances by fire

(Woinarski et al. 2008).

Occurrence: The presence of cane toads reduces the probability of northern quolls utilising the study

area but does not preclude the presence of the northern quolls on Curtis Island. Observations of

northern quoll populations persisting where cane toads are present alludes to the possibility of

northern quolls persisting on Curtis Island. Northern quolls are usually solitary, occupying large home

ranges of more than 100ha for males and approximately 35ha for females (Woinarski et al. 2008). The

wider study area on Curtis Island contains areas consistent with the described habitat for persisting

populations of northern quoll.




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Appendix

Water Mouse (Xeromys myoides)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act, ‘Vulnerable’ under the Queensland

NC Act and considered a high priority in the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: The water mouse occurs in disjunct populations along the Northern Territory

and Queensland coast. This specialised rodent inhabits intertidal wetlands and adjacent habitats. It is

an active predator of invertebrates, including grapsid crabs (Ball 2004). It shelters in tunnels dug into

the supralittoral bank, in hollow logs and termitarium-like mound nests found within the intertidal zone

(DEWHA 2009g).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species are those processes that have a

direct impact on their habitat or prey species; including grapsid crabs, marine pulmonates and marine

bivalves. Identified threatening processes include the removal of habitat, alteration of the natural

hydrology, fragmentation of habitat, exposure of acid sulphate soils, weeds, predation by introduced

animals and pollutants such as oils, pesticides and herbicides (DEWHA 2009f).

Occurrence: A mound, attributed to the water mouse, has been recorded on Curtis Island, south of

the site (BAAM 2009). Three potential mounds have been identified on the back of the sand bar, which

extends across the clay pan. There are currently no records of water mouse around Gladstone. The

nearest known population is approximately 35km south of Gladstone; this population extends north

from Agnes Waters. The next known population in central Queensland is approximately 300km north

of Gladstone, a population which extends south of Mackay (DERM 2009). This gap in the known

populations of water mouse is likely to be due to a lack of survey effort and the difficulty of surveying

for this species. There are extensive areas of intertidal wetland habitat between Agnes Waters and

Mackay that are mapped as likely habitat for this species (DERM 2009).

Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act and considered a critical priority

under the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: The species is highly mobile, moving up and down the coast in search of

flowering trees (primarily eucalypts) for nectar and various fruit on which it feeds. It occurs in

rainforest, open and closed forest communities and open woodland and urban areas. Communal

roost sites are usually in riparian communities. This specie moves over long distances seasonally in

response to the availability of food resources and individuals travel up to 50km from the camp to

forage (DEWHA 2009b).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes include: habitat destruction, culling, habitat

fragmentation and hybridisation with the black flying-fox. Conservation actions include the

identification and protection of camp and foraging areas and the development of crop protection

methods which are not harmful to the grey-headed flying-fox (DEWHA 2009b).

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search indicates six sightings of this species within the wider

study area. Gladstone is recognised as the northern extent of the grey-headed flying-fox range with a

known roost located to the south of Gladstone (Eby 2009). There are no identified flying-fox roosting

sites within the LNG facility site.




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Appendix

Little Pied Bat (Chalinolobus picatus)


Ecology and habitat: The little pied bat is recorded most commonly in dry open woodland

communities but is also found in mulga, open dry forest and riverine open forest in south east

Queensland. This insectivorous species is known to roost in caves, mineshafts and tree hollows

(Churchill 2008).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species include the disturbance of the roost

and loss of habitat.

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search indicates two sightings of this species within the wider

study area. There are no caves or mines shafts within the LNG facility site tree. Hollows however, are

potentially important roosts for the local population. There is likely to be an increase in night lighting

during the operational period of the facility. This has the potential to alter the foraging patterns of this

species.

Coastal Sheathtail Bat (Taphozous australis)



Ecology and habitat: The coastal sheathtail bat is rarely found more than a few kilometres inland. It

roosts in caves, rock crevices, boulder piles and occasionally buildings. The coastal sheathtail bat is

an insectivorous species, foraging above the canopy over a range of habitats (Churchill 2008).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes include the alteration of the foraging environment

through development and mining activities and the disturbance of roost sites. Recommendations to

protect this species include the protection of roosts and determination of foraging preferences

(Duncan et al. 1999).

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search indicates four sightings of this species in the wider

study area. There is likely to be an increase in night lighting during the operational period of the

facility. This has the potential to alter the foraging patterns of this species.

Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Conservation status: The South East Queensland bioregional population of koala is listed as

‘Vulnerable’ under the Queensland NC Act. The koala is also considered a high priority in the DERM

Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: Koalas generally inhabit open eucalypt forests with sparse ground cover and

tend to avoid thick forests and steep slopes. The koala is solitary, with individuals showing distinct

home ranges that vary according to population density and the abundance of mature food trees. Male

koalas are territorial and commonly protect an area of up to eight hectares. Koalas can travel

distances of up to two kilometres in an evening (EPA 2006).




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Appendix

Threatening processes: The major threats to the koala, particularly in lowland areas of south east

Queensland, are land clearing, traffic and predation from domestic dogs (EPA 2006).

Occurrence: Essential habitat for the koala is mapped within the development footprint. One set of

scratch marks on a tree in the south eastern corner of the property have been identified as potential

koala scratches. A dedicated search of the surrounding area for koala scats and tree scratches was

conducted. No further signs of potential koala activity were found.

Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis australis)

Conservation status: Considered a high priority by the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: In coastal environments, the preferred habitat consists of moist gullies and

creek habitats in mature coastal forest. The yellow-bellied glider’s diet consist primarily of plant

exudes and insects, with the majority of this diet consisting of nectar and tree sap. A mosaic of tree

species is required to provide a variety of flowering times with a continuous year round food supply.

Yellow-bellied gliders occur in naturally low densities within the landscape. The specie lives in family

groups of up to six individuals, occupying a home range of 20-85 hectares. These family groups

require large tree hollows for dens and may utilise up to 13 dens within the home range. These larger

hollows generally occur in trees that are at least 220 years old (NSW NPWS 2003).

Threatening processes: The key threatening process for this species is the clearing of native

vegetation and the removal of suitable hollow bearing trees (NSW NPWS 2003).

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search indicates four sightings of this species in the wider

study area. Yellow-bellied gliders have been observed on the mainland west of the study area

(Sandpiper 2009). To date there have been no records of this species within the Curtis Island Industry

Precinct. The habitat however, is suitable for this species.

Yakka Skink (Egernia rugosa)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act and the Queensland NC Act.

Ecology and habitat: The yakka skink is distributed throughout the Brigalow Belt and north to Cape

York. It is usually found in open dry sclerophyll forest or woodland where it shelters among dense

ground vegetation, large hollow logs, beneath rocks and in warrens or cavities in the soil (DEHWA

2009c).

Threatening processes: The primary threat to this species is habitat loss and degradation.

Conservation objectives include the maintenance of large connected patches of suitable habitat,

retention of ground cover and debris, avoiding disturbance to known colonies and the control of fox

and cat populations (DEHWA 2009c).

Occurrence: The Brigalow Belt Reptile Recovery Plan (Richardson 2006) indicates there have been

no records of yakka skink within the Calliope Shire. These results, however, may be due to a lack of

general survey effort within the region and the difficulty of observing this species in the field. The

habitat within the study area is suitable for this species.




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Appendix

Brigalow Scaly-foot (Paradelma orientalis)

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act and the NC Act.

Ecology and habitat: The Brigalow Scaly-foot is a nocturnal species found in a wide variety of dry

open forest and woodland habitats. A population at Lilly Hills on Boyne Island, 15km south of

Gladstone, has been observed to be semi-arboreal, feeding on the sap of Acacia falciformis. It is

understood that feeding also includes plant material and a variety of invertebrates (Tremul 2000).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species include the loss of habitat.

Occurrence: This species has not been recorded within the Curtis Island Industry Precinct. The

nocturnal habits of this species would, however, make it difficult to observe this species. The closest

known population is found on Boyne Island. Considering the suitability of the habitat in the wider study

area on Curtis Island and the lack of survey effort outside of the Industry Precinct, a precautionary

approach should be taken to the species.

Rusty Monitor (Varanus semiremex)

Conservation status: Considered a high priority in the DERM Back on Track framework.

Ecology and habitat: Occurs in coastal and estuarine mangroves and paperbark forests and in the

associated rivers, creeks and lakes up to 70km inland. This is a tree dwelling lizard which shelters in

hollows. The species’ diet includes other lizards, fish, crabs and invertebrates (Fitzgerald 1997).

Threatening processes: Threatening processes for this species include the clearing or fragmentation

of habitat, the loss of hollow-bearing trees and poisoning from cane toads (Fitzgerald 1997).

Occurrence: A Wildlife Online database search indicates one sighting of this species in the wider

study area. The presence of cane toads on site reduces the likelihood of this species being present. A

precautionary approach should be taken for this species.

Migratory Shore Birds

Conservation status: Listed as ‘Migratory Species’ under the EPBC Act and protected under

international treaties including the Japan Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA), China Australia

Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA), Republic of Korea Australia Migratory Bird Agreement

(ROKAMBA) and the Bonn Convention.

Ecology and habitat: Shorebirds are birds that commonly feed by wading in shallow water or

saturated substrate along the shore of lakes, rivers and sea (Geering et al. 2007). Migratory

shorebirds begin arriving in Australia in late August, with most birds commonly present from October

to March each year (DEWHA 2009e).

Threatening processes: Disturbance of shorebirds causes them to waste energy, which is required

for migration. Shorebirds have limited opportunity for effective foraging, during the low tide.

Disturbance during this period can prevent these birds from foraging effectively (Bamford et al. 2008).

Occurrence: Gladstone has been identified as a location of national significance for shorebirds

(Clemens et al. 2008). A survey of shore birds in the study area and the Curtis Island Industrial




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Appendix

Precinct was conducted between November 2009 and March 2010 (BAAM 2010). This survey

indicates the intertidal mudflats within the site are utilised by a range of shorebirds. Although the areas

surveyed provide foraging habitat and some roost potential, utilisation of this area is generally low.

The Friend Point roost, however, meets the criteria for important habitat for Whimbrel and Eastern

Curlew under the draft EPBC guidelines. Under the EPBC guidelines, a ‘Site’ is defined for migratory

wader birds as ‘the entire (discrete) area of contiguous habitat used by the group of migratory wader

birds, which may include multiple roosts and feeding areas.’

References

Ball, D. 2004. Distribution and habitat of the false water rat, Xeromys myoides Thomas, 1889

(Rodentia:Muridae) in intertidal areas of central eastern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland

Museum 49(2): 487-494. Brisbane.

Bamford M, Watkins D, Bancroft W, Tischler G and J Wahl. 2008. Migratory Shorebirds of the East

Asian – Australasian Flyway; Population Estimates and Internationally Important Sites. Wetlands

International – Oceania. Canberra, Australia.

BAAM 2009. APLNG Project Area – Curtis Island Wader Bird Surveys November 17 – 19 Results

Summary. Report prepared by Biodiversity Assessment and Management for WorleyParsons,

November 2009.

BAAM 2010. APLNG Project Area Wader Bird Surveys, Report prepared by Biodiversity Assessment

Management for WorleyParsons, June 2010.

Barrett. G, Silcocks. A, Barry. S, Cunningham. R, Poulter. R 2003. The New Atlas of Australian Birds

Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Victoria.

Churchill, S. 2008. Australian Bats, Second Edition. Allen and Unwin, Sydney.

Clemens, R. S., Haslem, A., Oldland, J., Shelley, L., Weston, M.A., and Diyan, M.A.A. 2008.

Identification of Significant Shorebird Areas in Australia: Mapping, Thresholds and Criteria. Report

prepared for the Australian Government’s Department of Natural Environment, Water, Heritage and

the Arts (DEWHA) by Birds Australia, Melbourne.

DECCW NSW 2005. Threatened Species, Populations and Ecological Communities of NSW.

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Accessed 02/11/2009.

Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM), 2009a

http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlife-ecosystems/wildlife/az_of_animals/little_tern.html

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http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlife-ecosystems/wildlife/az_of_animals/beach_stonecurlew.html

DERM. 2009. National recovery plan for the water mouse (false water rat) Xeromys myoides.

Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane.

DEWHA 2009a Geophaps scripta scripta in Species Profile and Threats Database. DEWHA,

Canberra.




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Appendix

DEWHA 2009b. Pteropus poliocephalus in Species Profile and Threats Database. Department of

Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.

DEHWA 2009c. Egernia rugosa in Species Profile and Threats Database. Department of

Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.

DEWHA 2009d. Draft EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.21 - Significant impact guidelines for 36 migratory

shorebird species: Migratory species. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts,

Canberra.

DEWHA 2009e. Significant impact guidelines for 36 migratory shorebird species Migratory species

Background paper to EPBC Act policy statement 3.21. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage

and the Arts, Canberra.

DEWHA 2009f. Significant impact guidelines for the vulnerable water mouse Xeromys myoides

Nationally threatened species and ecological communities EPBC Act policy statement 3.20.

Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.

DEWHA 2009g. Significant impact guidelines for the vulnerable water mouse (Xeromys myoides)

Nationally threatened species and ecological communities Background paper to EPBC Act policy

statement 3.20. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.

Duncan, A., Baker, G.B. and Montgomery, N. (eds). 1999. The Action Plan for Australian Bats.

Environment Australia, Canberra.

Eby. P.2009. Draft National Recovery Plan for the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus.

Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, Sydney.

EPA, 2006. Nature Conservations (Koala) Conservation Plan 2006 and Management Program 2006 –

2016, Environmental Protection Authority, Brisbane.

Fitzgerald, M. 1997. Conservation Management Profile - Rusty Monitor Varanus semiremex. EPA,

Queensland.

Garnett, S.T. and Crowley, G.M. 2000. Action Plan for Australian Birds. Environment Australia,

Canberra.

Geering, A., Agnew, L. and Harding, S. 2007. Shorebirds of Australia. CSIRO Publishing,

Collingwood, Victoria.

Houston, W. and Melzer, A. 2008. Yellow chat (Capricorn subspecies) Epthianura crocea macgregori

recovery plan. Environment Protection Agency, Brisbane.

NSW NPWS 1999. Threatened Species Information: Square-tailed Kite (Lophoictinia isura). NSW

National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.

NSW NPWS 2002. Approved Recovery Plan for the Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). NSW

National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.

NSW NPWS. 2003. Recovery Plan for the Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis). NSW NPWS,

Hurstville




LNG FACILITY

Appendix

Paton D.C. Ziembicki M. Owen P. and Heddle C. 2000 Disturbance distance for water birds and the

management of human recreation with special reference to the Coorong region of South Australia.

Final report for the Migratory Waterbird component of the National wetlands Program.

Richardson, R. 2006. Queensland Brigalow Belt Reptile Recovery Plan. Report to the Department of

The Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra. WWF-Australia, Brisbane.

Sandpiper 2009. British Gas Liquid Natural Gas Project, Curtis Island Supplementary Targeted Bird

Survey. Sandpiper Ecological Services and Wildsearch Environmental Services, Queensland.

Schodde, R. and Tidemann, S.C. (eds). 1990. Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds

(2nd Edition). Reader's Digest (Australia) Pty Ltd, Sydney.

Tremul, P.R. 2000. Breeding, feeding and arboreality in Paradelma orientalis: a poorly known,

vulnerable pygopodid from Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 45(2): 599-

609.

URS. 2009. Final Report Curtis Island Facility Fauna Report. A report to Santos Ltd.

Van Dyck, S. and Strahan, R. 2008. The Mammals of Australia (3rd ed). Reed New Holland,

Sydney, Australia.

Webster, A., Humphries. R and Lowe, K. 2004. Action Statement No 92: Powerful Owl (Ninox

strenua). Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria.

Woinaski, J.C.Z. Oakwood, M. Winter, J. Burnett, S. Milne, D. Foster, P. Myles, H and Holmes, B.

2008 Surviving the toads: patterns of persistence of the northern quoll Dasyurus halluctus in

Queensland. A report to the Australian Government’s Natural Heritage Trust.

WorleyParsons 2010. Terrestrial Ecology LNG Facility. Australia Pacific LNG Project, Environmental

Impact Statement Vol 5, Att 16.




LNG FACILITY

Appendix

Appendix 2 Fauna Species Identified within the Wider Study Area

Appendix 2: Fauna species for the wider study area

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Frogs Greenstripe Frog Cyclorana alboguttata 4Salmon Striped Frog Limnodynastes salmini SEQ 4Bleating Treefrog Litoria dentata SEQ 4Copper Backed Broodfrog Pseudophryne raveni SEQ 4

Desert Froglet Crinia deserticola SEQ 6Short-footed Frog Cyclorana brevipes SEQ 3Long-thumbed Frog Limnodynastes fletcheri 3,4Ornate Burrowing Frog Limnodynastes ornatum 3,4,6Brown-striped Frog Limnodynastes peronii 3,4,6

Spotted Grass Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis 3,4,6

Northern Banjo Frog Limnodynastes terraereginae 3,4,6

Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea 3,4,5,6Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax 3,4,6

Dainty Green Tree Frog Litoria gracilenta 3,4,6

Floodplain Frog Litoria inermis SEQ 3,4,6Broad-palmed Rocketfrog Litoria latopalmata 3,4,6

Rocket Frog Litoria nasuta 3,4,6Peron’s Tree Frog Litoria peronii SEQ 6

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Roth's Tree Frog Litoria rothii SEQ 3,4,6Desert Tree Frog Litoria rubella 3,4,6Eastern Stony Creek Frog Litoria wilcoxii 3,4

Large Toadlet Pseudophryne major SEQ 3,4Cane Toad Rhinella marina ND Y 3,4,5,6Dusky Toadlet Uperoleia fusca 6Wrinkled Toadlet Uperoleia rugosa 3,4Birds Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater Acanthagenys rufogularis 4

Yellow Thornbill Acanthiza nana 4,6Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla 4,6Collared Sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrocephalus 4Brown Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus Ma 6Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae NT 4Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Mi/Ma 1,4Australian Owlet-nightjar Aegotheles cristatus 4,6

Australian Brush-turkey Alectura lathami 2,4,6

Australian King-parrot Alisterus scapularis 4Chestnut Teal Anas castanea 2,4Grey Teal Anas gracilis 2,4Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa 2,4,6Australasian Darter Anhinga novaehollandiae 4Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata Ma 1,4Australasian Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae Ma 2,4,6

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Red-winged Parrot Aprosmictus erythropterus 4

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Mi/Ma 1Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax 2,4,6Great Egret Ardea alba Mi/Ma 1,6Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Mi 1,2Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia Ma 2,4,6White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica 2Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis NT 4Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Mi/Ma 1Black-faced Woodswallow Artamus cinereus SEQ 4

White-breasted Woodswallow Artamus leucorynchus 2,4,6

Pacific Baza Aviceda subcristata 4,6Hardhead Aythya australis 4Bush Stone-curlew Burhinus grallarius SEQ NT 4,5,6Striated Heron Butorides striata 4,5,6Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita 2,4

Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis Ma 4,6Pallid Cuckoo Cacomantis pallidus 2Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus 4,6Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Mi/Ma 1,2,4Sanderling Calidris alba Mi/Ma 1,4Red Knot Calidris canutus Mi/Ma 1,4Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Mi/Ma 1,2,4Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos Mi/Ma 1

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Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Mi/Ma 1,4,6Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta Mi/Ma 1Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Mi/Ma 1,2Red-tailed Black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii 4,5,6

Glossy Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami V High 6

Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus SEQ 4Pheasant Coucal Centropus phasianinus 2,4,5,6Horsfield's Bronze-cuckoo Chalcites basalis 4,6

Shining Bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus 4

Little Bronze-cockoo Chalcites minutillus 6Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica 4Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Mi/Ma 1Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Mi/Ma 1Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii Mi/Ma 1Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus Mi/Ma 1Red-capped Plover Charadrius ruficapillus Ma 1,2,4,5,Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata 4,6Brown Songlark Cincloramphus cruralis 2Olive-backed Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis SEQ 4,6Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis 2,4

Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidus 2Brown Treecreeper Climacteris picumnus 4Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica 4,6

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Little Shrike-thrush Colluricincla megarhyncha 2,4,6

Rock Dove Columba livia Y 4Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike

Coracina novaehollandiae Ma 2,4,5,6

White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike Coracina papuensis Ma 4,6

Cicadabird Coracina tenuirostris Ma 4,6

White-winged Chough Corcorax melanorhamphos 4,6

White-throated Treecreeper (southern)

Cormobates leucophaea metastasis

4

Torresian Crow Corvus orru 2,4,5,6Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora 4,6Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis 2,4,5,6Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus 4,6Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus Mi/Ma 4Black Swan Cygnus atratus 2,4Blue-winged Kookaburra Dacelo leachii SEQ 4,6

Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae 2,4,5,6

Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera 4,6

Wandering Whistling-duck Dendrocygna arcuata Ma 4

Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum 2,4,6Spangled Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus Ma 4,5,6Emu Dromaius 4

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novaehollandiae Black Bittern Duptor flavicollis 6Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ma 4,5,6White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae 2,4,5,6Eastern Reef Egret Egretta sacra Mi/Ma 2,4,5,6Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris 4Black-fronted Dotterel Elseyornis melanops 4Blue-faced Honeyeater Entomyzon cyanotis 2,4,6Galah Eolophus roseicapillus 4,6

Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus NT LC 2

Yellow Chat Epthianura crocea (Dawson) CE E High 2

Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus V E VU High 1Beach Stone-curlew Esacus magnirostris Ma V LC High 2,4,5.6Pacific Koel Eudynamys orientalis Ma 2,4,6White-throated Nightjar Eurostopodus mystacalis Ma 4,6

Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis Ma 4,6Brown Falcon Falco berigora 2,4Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides Ma 2,4Australian Hobby Falco longipennis 2,4,6Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 4Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii Mi/Ma 1,2Swinhoe's Snipe Gallinago megala Mi/Ma 1Pin-tailed Snipe Gallinago stenura Mi/Ma 1Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa 4Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis 2

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Bar-shouldered Dove Geopelia humeralis 2,4,5,6Peaceful Dove Geopelia placida 4,6Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta V V NT 1,4

Mangrove Gerygone Gerygone levigaster 4,6White-throated Greygone Gerygone olivacea 4,6

Fairy Gerygone Gerygone palpebrosa SEQ 4Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum Mi/Ma 1Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla 4,6Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca Ma 2,4,5Brolga Grus rubicunda 2,4Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen 2,4,5,6Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus NT LC 4,6Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris 2,4,5,6White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Mi/Ma 1,2,4,5,6

Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Ma 2,4,5,6Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus Ma 2,4,6Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Mi/Ma 1,2,4,6Wandering Tattler Heteroscelus incanus Mi/Ma SEQ 1Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides 4Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Ma 1,2,4White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus Mi/Ma 1,2,6

Fairy Martin Hirundo ariel 4,6Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena Ma 2,4,5,6Tree Martin Hirundo nigricans Ma 4,5,6

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Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Mi/Ma 1Comb-crested Jacana Irediparra gallinacea 4Varied Triller Lalage leucomela 2,4,6Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae 2,4,5,6Wonga Pigeon Leucosarcia picata 2,4

Mangrove Honeyeater Lichenostomus fasciogularis 2,4,6

White-eared Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis 4

Brown Honeyeater Lichmera indistincta 2,4,6Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus Mi/Ma 1

Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus Mi/Ma 1

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Mi/Ma 2,4,6Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Mi/Ma 1Chestnut-breasted Mannikin Lonchura castaneothorax 4

Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura NT 4Topknot Pigeon Lopholaimus antarcticus 2,4Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus E Mi/Ma E EN 1Brown Cuckoo-dove Macropygia amboinensis 4Variegated Fairy-wren Malurus lamberti 4Red-backed Fairy-wren Malurus melanocephalus 2,4,6

Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala 2,4,6Tawny Grassbird Megalurus timoriensis 2,4Lewin's Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii 2,4White-throated Melithreptus albogularis 2,4,5,6

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Honeyeater Black-chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus gularis NT 4

White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus 4,6

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Mi/Ma 1,2,4,5,6 Black Kite Milvus migrans 2,4White-eared Monarch Monarcha leucotis 2,4Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Mi/Ma 1,2,4,6Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus Mi/Ma 1,2,4,6Shining Flycatcher Myiagra alecto SEQ 2,4,6Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Mi/Ma 1,4,6Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta 4Leaden Flycatcher Myiagra rubecula 4,6Dusky Honeyeater Myzomela obscura SEQ 4Scarlet Honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta 4

Australian Cotton Pygmy-goose

Nettapus coromandelianus albipennis

NT NT 1,4

Barking Owl Ninox connivens SEQ NT 4,5,6Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae Ma 4,6Powerful Owl Ninox strenua V 6

Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Mi/Ma NT LC 1,2,4,5,6

Little Curlew Numenius minutus Mi/Ma SEQ LC 1Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Mi/Ma 1,2,4,5,6Nankeen Night-heron Nycticorax caledonicus Ma 4Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes 4,6

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Olive-backed Oriole Oriolus sagittatus 4,6Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis 4Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris 2,4,6Eastern Osprey Pandion cristatus Mi/Ma 2,4,5,6Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus 4,6Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus 4,6House Sparrow Passer domesticus Y 4Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus Ma 2,4,6

Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax melanoleucos 4,5,6

Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 4,2,6Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius 2,4,6Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Mi/Ma 4,6Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera 4,6Helmeted Friarbird Philemon buceroides 6Little Friarbird Philemon citreogularis 4,6Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus 2,4,5,6Ruff Philomachus pugnax Mi/Ma 1Yellow-billed Spoonbill Platalea flavipes 4Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia 4Pale-headed Rosella Platycercus adscitus 4,6Striped Honeyeater Plectorhyncha lanceolata 6Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Mi/Ma 1,2,4,5Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Mi/Ma 1,4Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides 4,5,6

Hoary-headed Grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus 4

Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus NT 4

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temporalis Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Ma 2,4Kermadec Petrel (western)

Pterodroma neglecta neglecta V CE 1

Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus regina SEQ 2,5,6

Red-necked Avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Ma 1,4

Grey Fantail Rhipidura albiscapa 4,6Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys 4,5,6Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Mi/Ma 1,4,6Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis V Mi/Ma V VU 1

Channel-billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae Ma 4,6

White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis 2,4,6

Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris 4,6Australasian Figbird Sphecotheres vieilloti 2,4,6Little Tern Sterna albifrons Mi/Ma E LC High 1,4Crested Tern Sterna bergii Ma 2,4,5,6Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Mi/Ma 2,4,5,6Common Tern Sterna hirundo Mi/Ma 6Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica Ma 2,4,6Australian Pratincole Stiltia isabella Ma 1Pied Currawong Strepera graculina 4,5,6Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Y 6Brown Booby Sula leucogaster Mi/Ma 4

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Australasian Grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae 4,6

Radjah Shelduck Tadorna radjah NT 4Double-barred Finch Taeniopygia bichenovii 2,4Hooded Plover Thinornis rubricollis Ma 1Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca Ma 2,4,6Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis Ma 2,4Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris 2,4,6Forest Kingfisher Todiramphus macleayii Ma 4,5,6Sacred Kingfisher Todiramphus sanctus Ma 4,6Scaly-breasted Lorikeet

Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus 4,6

Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus 2,4,5,6

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Mi/Ma 1Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia Mi/Ma 1,2,4,6Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Mi/Ma 1,2,4Common Redshank Tringa totanus Mi/Ma 1Red-backed Button-quail Turnix maculosus VU 4,6

Black-breasted Button-quail Turnix melanogaster V V Critic

al 1

Painted Button-quail Turnix varius 4,6Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles 2,4,5,6Banded Lapwing Vanellus tricolor 6Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Mi/Ma 1,4Silvereye Zosterops lateralis Ma 4,6Insects

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Glasswing Acraea andromacha 6Caper White Belenois java 6Small Dusky Blue Candalides erinus 6Lemon Migrant Catopsilia pomona 6Clearwing Swallowtail Cressida cresida 6Lesser Wanderer Danaus chrysippus 6Monarch Danaus plexippus 6Black Jezebel Delias nigrina 6Common Crow Euploea core 6Grass Yellow Eurema spp. 6Orange Ringlet Hypochasta adiante 6Varied Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina 6Meadow Argus Junonia villida 6Evening Brown Melantis leda 6Satin Azure Ogyris amaryllis 6Dainty Swallowtail Papilio anactus 6Chequered Swallowtail Papilio demoleus 6White-banded Plane Phaedyma shepherdi 6Blue Tiger Trimala hamata 6Australian Painted Lady Vanessa kershawi 6

Mammals Rufous Bettong Aepyprymnus rufescens SEQ 4European Cattle Bos taurus ND Y 4,5,6Dog Canis familiaris Class 2 Y 4Dingo Canis familiaris dingo Class 2 Y 4,5,6Northern Freetail-bat Chaerephon jobensis 4,6Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri V V VU 1

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Gould's Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii 4,6Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio 4Hoary Wattled Bat Chalinolobus nigrogriseus 4,6Little Pied Bat Chalinolobus picatus NT LR(nt) 4Northern Quoll Dasyurus hallucatus E SEQ LR(nt) 1Horse Equus caballus ND Y 5,6Cat Felis catus Class 2 Y 4Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster 4Northern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon macrourus 4

Brown Hare Lepus capensis ND Y 4Black-striped Wallaby Macropus dorsalis SEQ 4Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus 3,4,5,6

Whiptail Wallaby Macropus parryi 4Common Wallaroo Macropus robustus 4Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus 3Grassland Melomys Melomys burtoni 3,4Fawn-footed Melomys Melomys cervinipes 3,4Little Bentwing-bat Miniopterus australis 4,6

Eastern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis 4,6

Beccari's Freetail-bat Mormopterus beccarii 4,6East Coast Freetail Bat Mormopterus norfolkensis SEQ DD 4

Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus sp.2 6House Mouse Mus musculus ND Y 3,4unknown Long-eared Nyctophilus sp. 6

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Bat Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Class 2 Y 4Greater Glider Petauroides volans SEQ 4Yellow-bellied Glider (southern subspecies)

Petaurus australis australis SEQ LR(nt) High 4

Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps 4Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis SEQ LR(nt) 4,6Common Planigale Planigale maculata 3,4Eastern Chestnut Mouse

Pseudomys gracilicaudatus SEQ 3

Black Flying-fox Pteropus alecto V SEQ 4Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus V VU Critical 1,4

Little Red Flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus SEQ 3,4Black Rat Rattus rattus ND Y 4,5Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris 4,6

Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii SEQ LR(nt) 4,6

Inland Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens balstoni 6

Little Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens greyii 4,6South-eastern Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens orion SEQ 4

Common Dunnart Sminthopsis murina SEQ 3,4Pig Sus scrofa Class 3 Y 4,6Short-beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus 4,5White-striped Freetail- Tadarida australis 4,5

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bat Coastal Sheathtail Bat Taphozous australis V High 4Common Sheathtail Bat Taphozous georgianus SEQ 4

Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula 3,4,6

Eastern Forest Bat Vespadelus pumilus 4Little Forest Bat Vespadelus vulturnus SEQ 4Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Class 2 Y 4Swamp Wallaby Wallabia bicolor 4Water Mouse Xeromys myoides V V IK High 1Koala (southeast Queensland bioregion) Phascolarctos cinereus V LR(nt) EH

Reptiles Nobbi Amphibolurus nobbi 4Verreaux's Skink Anomalopus verreauxii 3,4Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa 6

Black-headed Python Aspidites melanocephalus 4

Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 4Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis 4,6White-crowned Snake Cacophis harriettae 4Cone-eared Calyptotis Calyptotis lepidorostrum SEQ 4Burnett's Skink Carlia foliorum 3,4,6Shaded-litter Rainbow-skink Carlia munda 3,4,5,6

Open-litter Rainbow Skink Carlia pectoralis SEQ 3,4,6

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Robust Rainbow-skink Carlia schmeltzii 3,4,6Lively Skink Carlia vivax 3,4,6Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii SEQ 4,5,6Supralittoral Shinning-skink Cryptoblepharus litoralis 6

Cream-striped Shinning-skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus 3,4,5,6

Carpentaria Snake Cryptophis boschmai 3Robust Ctenotus Ctenotus robustus 6Copper-tailed Skink Ctenotus taeniolatus 3,4,6Yellow-faced Whip Snake Demansia psammophis 4

Lesser Black Whipsnake Demansia vestigiata 3,4,6

Common Tree Snake Dendrelaphis punctulata 4,5,6Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata V V 1Eastern Stone Gecko Diplodactylus vittatus 3,4,6Tommy Round-head Diporiphora australis SEQ 3,4,6Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa V V R / IK 1

Krefft's River Turtle Emydura macquarii krefftii R / IK 4

Narrow-banded Sand-swimmer Eremiascincus fasciolatus 5

Broad-banded Sand-swimmer

Eremiascincus richardsonii SEQ 6

Northern Barsided Skink Eulamprus brachysoma 4

Dark Barsided Skink Eulamprus martini 4

Com

mon

N

ame

Scie

ntifi

c N

ame

EPB

C

Mi /

Ma

NC

A

BPA

AP

Bac

k on

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Dec

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d

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Eastern Water Skink Eulamprus quoyii 3,4Bar-sided Skink Eulamprus tenuis 3,4Red-naped Snake Furina diadema 3Chain-backed Dtella Gehyra catenata 4Dubious Dtella Gehyra dubia 3,4,5,6Fine-spotted Mulch-skink

Glaphyromorphus punctulatus SEQ 4

Black-bellied Swamp Snake Hemiaspis signata 4

Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei 3,4,5,6Diamon-shielded Sunskink Lampropholis adonis 4

Garden Skink Lampropholis delicata 3,4,6Eastern Mulch-slider Lerista fragilis 3,4Burton's Snake Lizard Lialis burtonis 3,4,6Common Dwarf Skink Menetia greyii SEQ 3,4,6Dwarf Litter-skink Menetia timlowi SEQ 6Carpet Python Morelia spilota 4North-eastern Firetail Skink Morethia taeniopleura SEQ 3,4

Ocellated Velvet Gecko Oedura monilis 4

ZigZag Velvet Gecko Oedura rhombifer 3,4Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko Oedura tryoni 4

Coastal Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus 3,4Brigalow Scaly-foot Paradelma orientalis V V 1Bearded Dragon Pogona barbata 4

Com

mon

N

ame

Scie

ntifi

c N

ame

EPB

C

Mi /

Ma

NC

A

BPA

AP

Bac

k on

Tra

ck

Dec

lare

d

Exot

ic

Sour

ce

King Brown Snake Pseudechis australis 4Red-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus 4,6

Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis 4Claw-snouted Blind Snake

Ramphotyphlops unguirostris 3,4

Brown-snouted Blind Snake Ramphotyphlops wiedii 3,4,6

Eastern Small-eyed Snake Crytophis nigrescens 4

Black-striped Snake Crytophis nigrostriatus SEQ 4Freshwater Snake Tropidonophis mairii 6Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 4Rusty Monitor Varanus semiremex High 4Freckled Monitor Varanus tristis 3,4,5,6Lace Monitor Varanus varius 4Bandy Bandy Vermicella annulata 3,4^Source: 1 = EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool, 2 = Birds Australia (includes studies undertaken on all of Curtis Island), 3 = QLD Museum Fauna Collection Records, 4 = EPA Wildlife Online, 5 = Studies on-site, 6 = Other Studies within the wider study area, EH = DERM Essential Habitat mapping only (i.e. this is not a record). EPBC: E = Endangered, V = Vulnerable Mi / Ma: Mi = Migratory listed species, Ma = Marine listed species NCA: E = Endangered, V = Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened BPA (Biodiversity Planning Assessment for Non-EVR Priority Taxa): SEQ = South East Queensland Bioregion AP (Action Plan): VU = Vulnerable, R = Rare, LR(nt) = Lower Risk (near threatened)), IK = Insufficiently Known, DD = Data Deficient.

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