Prinos vlakna i celuloze stabljike konoplje (Cannabis sativa L.) u ovisnosti o gustoći sjetve i gnojidbi dušikom

Zvjezdana AUGUSTINOVIĆ1, Milan POSPIŠIL2, Jasminka BUTORAC2, Tomislava PEREMIN VOLF1, Marcela ANDREATA-KOREN1, Ivan KATANA3

1Visoko gospodarsko učilište u Križevcima, M. Demerca 1, 48260 Križevci, Hrvatska, (e-mail: zaugustinovic@vguk.hr)2Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska3Tomislavova 21, 48260 Križevci, Hrvatska

Sažetak

Konoplja (Cannabis sativa L.) je sve do kraja 18. stoljeća bila nezamjenjiva prediva kultura od čijih se vlakana izrađivala odjeća, konopci i sl. Masovna pojava jeftinih sintetičkih vlakana te stroga kontrola ili čak zabrana uzgoja kao preventivna mjera u borbi protiv njene upotrebe kao droge rezultirali su time da je njezin ekonomski značaj u tolikoj mjeri smanjen da je gotovo potpuno nestala iz proizvodnje, prerade i uporabe. U svijetlu ponovne renesanse konoplje sve je veći interes za njezin uzgoj kako unutar EU tako i širom svijeta. Pored tradicionalnih proizvoda sve veću važnost dobiva uzgoj konoplje kao sirovine za potrebe različitih industrija. Budući da vlakna konoplje, ali i drvenasti dio (pozder) sadrže visok postotak celuloze pobudila je veliki interes kao sirovina za proizvodnju papira.Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je odrediti optimalnu gustoću sjetve i gnojidbu dušikom pri kojima je moguće dobiti visoke prinose vlakna i celuloze u stabljici konoplje. Istraživanja su provedena kroz poljske pokuse postavljene u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj (Križevci) tijekom tri godine. Istraživane su tri gustoće sjetve (100, 200 i 300 klijavih sjemenki/m2) i četiri razine gnojidbe dušikom (0, 60, 120 i 180 kg/ha). Pokus je postavljen po split-blok metodi u pet ponavljanja. U pokusu je korištena mađarska dvodomna sorta Kompolti. Prosječni prinos suhe tvari stabljike iznosio je 12,3 t/ha. Gušća sjetva (200 i 300 klijavih sjemenki/m2) i veće količine dušika (120 i 180 kg N/ha) rezultirali su značajno većim prinosima suhe tvari stabljike. Ostvaren je prosječni prinos vlakna od 3,13 t/ha. Za postizanje visokih prinosa vlakna trebalo bi sijati 200 klijavih sjemenki/m2 uz gnojidbu sa 60 kg/ha N. Prosječan prinos celuloze ostvaren u ovim istraživanjima je 6,65 t/ha. Za visoke prinose celuloze trebalo bi sijati minimalno 200 klijavih sjemenki/m2 uz gnojidbu s najmanje 120 kg/ha N.

Ključne riječi: konoplja, gustoća sjetve, gnojidba dušikom, prinos, vlakno, celuloza

sa2015_a0502

50th Croatian and 10th International Symposium on Agriculture152

Section 5 . Field Crop Production

Fibre and cellulose yield of hemp stem (Cannabis sativa L.) depending on sowing density and nitrogen fertilization

Zvjezdana AUGUSTINOVIĆ1, Milan POSPIŠIL2, Jasminka BUTORAC2, Tomislava PEREMIN VOLF1, Marcela ANDREATA-KOREN1, Ivan KATANA3

1College of Agriculture at Križevci, M. Demerca 1, 48260 Križevci, Croatia, (e-mail: zaugustinovic@vguk.hr)2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia3Tomislavova 21, 48260 Križevci, Croatia

Abstract

Until the end of the 18th century hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was an irreplaceable spinnable culture and its fibres were used in production of clothes, ropes etc. Mass emergence of cheap synthetic as well as a strict control or even ban of cultivation as prevention measure in the fight against its usage as a drug substance resulted in reduction of its economic importance to such an extent that it almost completely disappeared from production, processing and usage. In the light of renewed renaissance of hemp, the interest for its cultivation is increasing, not only in the EU member states, but also worldwide. Hemp cultivation as raw material for the needs of various industries is rapidly increasing in importance along with traditional products. Since hemp fibres, as well as its woody part (shives) contain a large percentage of cellulose, they raised great interest as raw material for paper production.The aim of this study was to determine the optimum sowing density and nitrogen fertilization which would enable high yields of fibre and cellulose in the hemp stem.The investigations were carried out by means of field experiments in north-west Croatia (Križevci) during a three-year period. Three different sowing densities (100, 200 and 300 viable seeds/m2) and four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha) were investigated in the experiment. The experiment was set according to split-block method in five replications. The Hungarian dioecious cultivar Kompolti was used in the experiment. Average dry matter yield of the stem amounted to 12.3 t/ha. Higher density (200 and 300 viable seeds/m2) and higher quantity of nitrogen fertilization (120 and 180 kg N/ha) resulted in higher yields of the dry matter of the stem. Average fibre yield amounted to 3.13 t/ha. In order to achieve high fibre yield, it is necessary to sow 200 viable seeds/m2 and fertilize with 60 kg/ha N. Average cellulose yield achieved in these researches amounted to 6.65 t/ha. If production aim is high yield of cellulose, it should be sown at least 200 viable seeds/m2 and fertilized with at least 120 kg/ha N.

Key words: hemp, sowing density, nitrogen fertilization, yield, fibre, cellulose

sa2015_a0502

15350th Croatian and 10th International Symposium on Agriculture

Section 5 . Field Crop Production