aug. 8-9, 2006 hapl meeting, ga 1 advanced chamber concept with magnetic intervention: - ion dump...

Aug. 8-9, 2006 HAPL meeting, GA 1

Advanced Chamber Concept with Magnetic Intervention:- Ion Dump Issues

- Status of Blanket Study

A. René Raffray

UCSD

With contributions from:

M. Sawan, G. Sviatoslavsky, I. Sviatoslavsky

UW

HAPL Meeting

GA, La Jolla, CA

August 8-9, 2006


Advanced Chamber Based on Magnetic Intervention Concept Using Cusp Coils (from last time)

• Use of resistive wall (e,g SiC) in blanket to dissipate magnetic energy (>90% of ion energy can be dissipated in the walls).

• Initial chamber schematic from Bertie Robson (with cone-shaped chamber blanket concept).

• The initial configuration was rotated 90° for the blanket analysis as this seems to favor the maintenance scheme.

• Dump plates to accommodate all ions but at much reduced energy (<10%).

• Dump plates could be replaced more frequently than blanket.


Ion Energy Deposition and Thermal Response of Dump Plates Estimated for Cone-Shaped Chamber

• For example case with ~10%of ion energy on plate, max. W temp. ~ 2200°C

Rmax

Rmin

y

Ion Dump Plates

Blanket Thickness

• Revised ion energy on dumps:- ~7.7% within 0.5 s- ~23% over 0.5-1.5 s

• Major change, ~30% ion energy on dumps• If dry wall dump within chamber, need ~30% of chamber area for dump• Then, why not design whole chamber the same way?


Seems More Advantageous to Position Dump Plate In Separate Smaller Chamber

• Could use W dry wall dump, but would require large surface area and same problem with thermomechanical response and He implantation

• Could allow melting (W or low MP material in W)

Hybrid case•Dry wall chamber to satisfy target and laser

requirements•Separate wetted wall

chamber to accommodate ions and provide long life•Have to make sure no

unacceptable contamination of main chamber

Ion Dump Ring chamber


Scoping Analysis of an Example Ring Chamber

• Some flexibility in setting chamber major and minor radii so as not to interfere with laser beams

• e.g., with Rmajor/Rminor =8/2.7 or 9/2.4 m, and assuming 35% of wetted wall area sees ion flux with a peaking factor of 1:- Ion dump area = 300 m2

- From 0 to 0.5 s, q’’ = 4.53x1010 W/m2

- From 0.5 to 1.5 s, q’’= 6.56x1010 W/m2

RmajorRmin

• Three cases:- W with phase change- Low MP metal (e.g. Be) in high porosity W

(~80-90%) which provides integrity and could help retain Be melt layer

- Wetted wall chamber with Pb as example material

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1.0 10x

-9

1.0 10x

-8

1.0 10x

-7

1.0 10x

-6

1.0 10x

-5

1.0 10x

-4

1- / / + 3.5 mm W Be Pb mm FS

. = 500°Coolant Temp C

=20 /h kW m

2

-K

=4.51 10q'' x

10

/W m

2

0 0.5 from to s

=6.53 10q'' x

10

/W m

2

0.5 1.5 from to s

( )Time s

W

Be

Pb

10%W/90%Be

W

Structure

Coolant


Temperature and Phase Change Thickness Histories for W, Be and Pb for Example Case

• 350 MJ target (ion energy = 87.8 MJ)• Ion dump area = 300 m2

• From 0 to 0.5 s, q’’ = 4.53x1010 W/m2 (7.7% of ion energy)• From 0.5 to 1.5 s, q’’= 6.56x1010 W/m2 (22.3% of ion energy)

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

0.0E+0 1.0E-5 2.0E-5 3.0E-5 4.0E-5 5.0E-5

Time (s)

W

Be

Pb

1-mm W/Be/Pb + 3.5 mm FS

Coolant Temp. = 500°C

h =20 kW/m

2

-K

q''=4.51x10

10

W/m

2

from 0 to 0.5 μ s

q''=6.53x10

10

W/m

2

from 0.5 to 1.5 μ s

B

B

B

B

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1x10

-11

1x10

-10

1x10

-9

1x10

-8

1x10

-7

1x10

-6

1x10

-5

1x10

-4

1x10

-3

1x10

-9

1x10

-8

1x10

-7

1x10

-6

1x10

-5

1x10

-4

1x10

-3

Time (s)

B Be xmelt (m)

J Be xevap (m)

H W xmelt (m)

F W xevap (m)

R Pb xevap (m)

1-mm W/Be/Pb + 3.5 mm FS

Coolant Temp. = 500°C

h =20 kW/m

2

-K

q''=4.51x10

10

W/m

2

from 0 to 0.5 μ s

q''=6.53x10

10

W/m

2

from 0.5 to 1.5 μ s


Maximum Temperature and Phase Change Thicknesses for W, Be and Pb as a Function of Ion Dump Area

• 350 MJ target (ion energy = 87.8 MJ)• Evaporation loss per shot relatively modest

for W but could be a concern for Be (1 nm/shot ~ 0.43 mm/day)

• Stability of melt layer is a concern• Would Be in a porous W matrix be more

stable?• For wetted wall in particular, the evaporated

material (e.g.Pb) must recondense within a shot and not contaminate main chamber

Maximum Be, W and Pb Temperature as a Function of Ion Dump Area

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Ion Dump Area (m2)

Maximum Temperature (°C)

PbBeW

• From 350 MJ target• Eff. q over time 0-0.5 microsecond = 1.35e-13 W• Eff. q over time 0.5-1.5 microsecond = 1.96e-13 W

Evaporated Thickness of Be, W and Pb as a Function of Ion Dump Area

1.E-14

1.E-13

1.E-12

1.E-11

1.E-10

1.E-09

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Ion Dump Area (m2)

Evaporated Thickness (m)

PbBeW


Max. Melt Layer Thickness of Be and W as a Function of Ion Dump Area

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Ion Dump Area (m2)

Max. Melt Layer Thickness (m)

BeW



Wetted-Wall Concept Could Consist of a Porous Mesh Through Which Pb Oozes to Form a Protective Film

• Need to make sure that protective film is reformed prior to each shot- radial flow through porous mesh- circumferential flow of recondensed Pb- no concern about any droplets falling in chamber

Pb flow

Porous mesh

Pb film

Pump

Liquid recycling


Film Condensation in Ion Dump Chamber

jnet = net condensation flux (kg/m2-s)

M = molecular weight (kg/kmol)

R = Universal gas constant (J/kml-K)

= correction factor for vapor velocity towards film

c e condensation and evaporation coefficients

Pg, Tg = vapor pressure (Pa) and temperature (K)

Pf, Tf = saturation pressure (Pa) and temperature (K) of film

Example Scoping Calculations• Ion energy from 350 MJ target =

87.8 MJ- 7.7% of ion energy to dump over

0-0.5 s

- 22.3% of ion energy over 0.5-1.5 s

• Evaporated thickness and vapor temperature rise from ion energy

deposition in ion dump chamber

• Liquid Pb as film material

• Conservatively small ion deposition area = 220 m2

e.g. 35% of chamber with Rmajor = 8 m

and Rminor = 2 m

jcond

jevap

TfPg

Tg

jnet=MR2π

⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠ ⎟

0.5Γσc

Pg

Tg0.5

−σePf

T f0.5

⎡

⎣

⎢ ⎢

⎤

⎦

⎥ ⎥


Scoping Analysis of Pb Condensation in Example

Ring Chamber

• Characteristic condensation time very fast, ~0.01-0.02 s

Pb Vapor Density as a Function of Vapor Temperature Prior to Next Shot

1.0E-09

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Vapor Temperature prior to Next Shot(K)

Vapor Density Prior to Next Shot

(kg/m3) • Initial Pb density in chamber = 0.041 kg/m3• Rmajor = 8 m, Rminor = 2 m • Wall Pb film temp.= 773 K• Initial vapor temperature = 3190 K (linearly decreasing to final value in 0.2 s)• Sat.vapor density at 773 K =1.75e-8 kg/m3

Characteristic Chamber Condensation Time as a Function of Pb Vapor Temperature

1.0E-02

1.2E-02

1.4E-02

1.6E-02

1.8E-02

2.0E-02

2.2E-02

2.4E-02

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500Vapor Temperature (K)

Chracteristic Condensation Time (s)

0.041 kg/m3 of Pb in Chamber (Rmajor = 8 m, Rminor = 2 m) with wall Pb film at 773 K

• Depending on final vapor temperature, vapor density prior to next shot is about 1-10 times higher than saturated vapor density at assumed wetted wall temperature of 773 K (1.75x10-8 kg/m3 or ~0.01 mTorr at ST)


Status of Blanket Study for Magnetic Intervention Chamber

• More detailed study of blanket using Pb-17Li and SiCf/SiC

- Neutronics

- Fabrication

- Assembly and maintenance

- Thermal-hydraulics

• Initial study of blanket using flibe and SiCf/SiC

- Possible configurations

- Neutronics

To be reported by M. Sawan and G. Sviatoslavsky


Self-Cooled Blanket Concept Coupled to a Brayton Cycle (Pb-17Li + SiCf/SiC and Flibe + SiCf/SiC)

Blanket Rchamber Max. SiC TMax. SiC/Cool T Coolant Tin Coolant Tout Coolant DP Cycle eff.

Pb-17Li 6 m 1000°C 900°C 483°C 799°C ~0.3 MPa 50%Pb-17Li 6 m 1100°C 950°C 580°C 930°C ~ 0.3 MPa 55%

Flibe 6 m 1000°C 912°C 519°C 700°C ~1 MPa 46%Flibe 6 m 1100°C 1010°C 590°C 790°C ~1 MPa 50%

• From simple estimate for flibe with same blanket configuration as Pb-17Li: - Flibe low Re and poor heat transfer properties result in lower cycle and higher P

for given SiCf/SiC Tmax constraint.

• Need to perform analysis for optimized flibe configuration


Summary• Scoping study of self-cooled Pb-17Li + SiCf/SiC blanket concept for use in

the magnetic-intervention cone-shaped chamber geometry completed

• Initial study of flibe + SiCf/SiC blanket started, needs to be completed based on neutronics calculations and optimized configuration

• Separate dump chamber with melted solid wall or wetted wall assessed for magnetic intervention case- Much relaxed atmosphere requirements for separate dump chamber

- Encouraging results as condensation is very fast

- Need to ensure no unwanted contaminants in main chamber

- Need more detailed design of dump chamber configuration including how to recycle liquid for wetted wall concept

• Future work- Complete flibe+SiCf/SiC blanket scoping study

- More detailed design of separate dump chamber

aug. 8-9, 2006 hapl meeting, ga 1 advanced chamber concept with magnetic intervention: - ion dump...

Documents

advanced chamber concept

magnetic energy

magnetic intervention

blanket study

blanket analysis

ion energy

initial chamber schematic

reduced energy