The Right to Information Act 2005

Shailesh Gandhi, ConvenorNational Campaign for Peoples Right to Information NCPRI

OriginsThe first FOI Law was enacted in Sweden on 2nd December, 1766.It was primarily sponsored by a Finnish clergyman Anders Chydenius.Anders is said to have been inspired by Confucian philosophy (5 B.C.) that Chinese emperors were expected to admit their imperfections,even as they were to uphold infallible and exemplar personal conduct.Indian Context- Raj Narain; Rajasthan; Tamilnadu; NCPRIPrakash Aware

PREAMBLEWHEREAS the Constitution of India has established democratic Republic; AND WHEREAS democracy requires an informed citizenry and transparency of information which are vital to its functioning and also to contain corruption and to hold Goverments and their instrumentalities accountable to the governed;AND WHEREAS revelation of information in actual practice is likely to conflict with other public interests including efficient operations of the Governments, optimum use of limited fiscal resources and the preservation of confidentiality of sensitive information;AND WHEREAS it is necessary to harmonise these conflicting interests while preserving the paramountcy of the democratic ideal;

NOW, THEREFORE, it is expedient to provide for furnishing certain information to citizens who desire to have it

Public Authorities Section 2h public authority means any authority or body or institution of self government established or constituted,(a) by or under the Constitution ;(b) by any other law made by Parliament;(c) by any other law made by State Legislature;(d) by notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government,and includes any--(i) body owned, controlled or substantially financed;(ii) non-Government organisation substantially financed,directly or indirectly by funds provided by the appropriate Government;

*PMNRF

PIOs and APIOs5 (2)Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), every public authority shall designate an officer, within one hundred days of the enactment of this Act, at each sub divisional level or other sub-district level as a Central Assistant Public Information Officer or a State Assistant Public Information Officer, as the case may be, to receive the applications for information or appeals under this Act for forwarding the same forthwith to the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer or senior officer specified under sub-section (1) of section 19 or the Central Information Commission or the State Information Commission , as the case may be.

Section 77 (6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (5), the person making request for the information shall be provided the information free of charge where a public authority fails to comply with the time limits specified in sub-section (I).(7) Before taking any decision under sub-section (1), the Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer, as the case may be shall take into consideration the representation made by a third party under section 11.(8) Where a request has been rejected under subsection (1), the Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer, as the case may be shall communicate to the person making the request,- (i) the reasons for such rejection;(ii) the period within which an appeal against such rejection may be preferred;(iii) the particulars of the appellate authority.* High Court

PIO and applicant5 (5) Any officer, whose assistance has been sought under sub-section (4), shall render all assistance to the Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer, as the case may be, seeking his or her assistance and for the purposes of any contravention of the provisions of this Act, such other officer shall be treated as a Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer, as the case may be .6(2) An applicant making request for information shall not be required to give any reason for requesting the information or any other personal details except those that may be necessary for contacting him.

Information Section 2f(f) "information" means any material in any form, including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form and information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force;Subject to Section 8 (1) & (2)

Right to Information Sec 2j (j) "right to information" means the right to information accessible under this Act which is held by or under the control of any public authority and includes the right to- (i) inspection of work, documents, records; (ii) taking notes, extracts, or certified copies of documents or records; (iii) taking certified samples of material;(iv)obtaining information in the form of diskettes, floppies. tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts where such information is stored in a computer or in any other device; .

RTI Act 2005Responsibilities of Public Authorities Contd..Providing reasons for its administrative or quasi judicial decisions to affected persons (4(1)(d)). Providing information suo moto (4(2)).Providing information to Information Commission (25(2)).

RULES Each State and the Central Government as well as the Competent Authorities given the authority to make rules.Rules prescribe application fees, format for applying and appeals procedures and formats. Maharashtra and Karnataka application fee 10 rupees Court Fee stamp most convenient.Central Government- application fees 10 rupees 600 Post offices across the Country. 10 rupee Indian Postal Order most convenient.

RULES- Further Fees Maharashtra & Central Government 2 rupees per page for upto A4 size- photocopy or collated.50 rupees for CD.Appeal fees Rs. 20 for first and second appeals in Maharashtra, and no appeal fees for Central Government.If information given after the mandated period of 30 days, no further fees can be charged and information has to provided free of cost.- - Section 7 (6)

30 day periodPIO gets RTI application day 1PIO sends a letter by ordinary mail to applicant to deposit additional fees- 30 day clock stops.30 day clock again starts after additional fees paidIf no reply in 30 days, it is deemed refusal without reason. Section 7 (1) & (2)Onus to prove denial was justified on PIO- Section 19 (5).

FIRST APPEALIf not satisfied with PIOs order, or if no order received in 30 days, applicant goes in First appeal.Time for first appeal within 30 days of PIOs order, or within 30 days of deemed refusal- 60 days PIO must inform name and designation of first appellate authority, failing which, file first appeal to First appellate Authority, C/o PIO First appellate authority senior to PIO in same organisation. First appeal to be disposed in 30 days.Otherwise Deemed refusal.

Second AppealSecond appeal to Information Commission within 90 days.Information Commission is an independent body created only to monitor and ensure proper implementation of RTI.It has to dispose second appeals and complaints.

The RTI Act 2005 ExemptionsExempt information: (8(1))Where disclosure prejudicially affects the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, relation with foreign State or lead to incitement of an offence;Release of which has been expressly forbidden by any court or tribunal or may be contempt of court;- Sub-Judice information is not exemptc. Where disclosure would cause a breach of privilege of Parliament or Legislature;d. Commercial confidence, trade secrets or intellectual property, where disclosure would harm competitive position , e. available to a person in his fiduciary relationship, unless larger public interest so warrants;f. received in confidence from foreign government;

RTI Act 2005-Exemptions contd.

g. endangers life or physical safety or identifies confidential source of information h. information which would impede the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders;i) Cabinet papers including records of deliberations of the Council of Ministers, Secretaries and other officers: j) personal information which has no relation to any public activity or interest, or would cause invasion of the privacy unless larger public interest justifies it.

Provided that the information, which cannot be denied to the Parliament or a State Legislature shall not be denied to any person.

RTI Act 2005-Exemptions contd.

8 (2) Notwithstanding anything in the Official Secrets Act, 1923 nor any of the exemptions permissible in accordance with sub-section (1), a public authority may allow access to information, if public interests in disclosure outweighs the harm to the protected interests. * Surupsingh NaikMost exempt information to be released after 20 years (except a, c and h above) (8(3)).Infringes copyright, except of the state (9).Severability Section 10.Third party information to be released after giving notice to third party (11). .

RTI Act 2005 Appeals & ComplaintsFirst appeal with senior in the departmentSecond appeal with Information CommissionAppeal to be disposed of in 30/45 daysOnus of proof on refuser PIO.Independent Central/State Information Commissions, as appellate/supervisory authority.The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in the Official Secrets Act, 1923, and any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of any law other than this Act. (22)Over-rides all previous Acts.

RTI Act 2005 Penalties- Section 20Where the..Information Commissionat the time of deciding any complaint or appeal is of the opinion that the.. Public Information Officer has, without any reasonable cause, (i)refused to receive an application for information or (ii)has not furnished information within the time specified under sub-section (1) of section 7 or (iii)malafidely denied the request for information or (iv)knowingly given incorrect, incomplete or misleading information or (v)destroyed information which was the subject of the request or (vi)obstructed in any manner in furnishing the information, it shall impose a penalty of two hundred and fifty rupees each day till application is received or information is furnished, so however, the total amount of such penalty shall not exceed twenty five thousand rupees;Provided that the Public Information Officer shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard before any penalty is imposed on him:Provided further that the burden of proving that he acted reasonably and diligently shall be on the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer

RTI 2005An Act to Provide Information.Public interest is Paramount.Leads to true participatory democracy- SWARAJ.Transparency brings flaws and faults upfront and improves systems and governance.Truth and Sunlight are healthy.Crawford Market, Lease lands

A prayer for our Country Where the mind is without Fear and the Head is held high, Where wealth is not the concubine of the unethical and dishonest, Whence peace, truth, love and reason prevail; Where humankind has not been fragmented into caste, language, religion, by Mandals, Netas and brokers of God;Where values and culture unify all people, Where India becomes a proud and caring mother to its children,Whence Humanity becomes our creed; Into that heaven of Freedom my Father, let my Country awake. (With a lump in my throat, apologies to Gurudev Tagore)shailesh gandhi

Mera Bharat Mahaan

Mera Bharat Mahaan Nahi Hai, --------------

Mera Bharat Mahaan Nahi Hai,Per Yeh Dosh Mera Hai.---------------