attitude reports

© 2007 The Author Philosophy Compass 3/1 (2008): 93–118, 10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00 118.x Black w ell Publishing Lt d Oxfo rd, UK PHCO Phil osophy Co mp ass 1747 -9 991 ©200 7 T heAut ho r J o urnal Co m pi lat io n©2007 Blackw ell Publishin g Lt d 118 10.1111/ j .1747 -9991. 2007 .00118.x Novem ber 2007 0 93??? 118 ?? ? Epist emo logy Attitude Reports: DoYou Mind the Gap? Attitude Reports: DoYou Mind the Gap? Attitude Reports: Do You Mind the Gap? Berit Brogaard* University of Missouri and Australian National University Abstract Attitude reports are reports about people’s states of mind. They are reports about what people think, believe, know, know a priori, imagine, hate, wish, fear, and the like. So, for example, I might report that s knows p, or that she imagines p, or that she hates p, where p specifies the content to which s is purpor tedly relate d. One lively current debate centers around the question of what sort of specification is involved when such attitude reports are successful. Some hold that it is specification of the precise content of a mental state; others hold that it is specification of the content of a mental state only relative to a mode of presentation; yet others hold that it is merely a description or characterization of the content of a ment al state. After providing a brief introduction to the traditional debate on attitude reports, this entry argues that for certain kinds of knowledge reports and for so-called de re attitude reports, descriptive theories emerge as the most plausible. The entry concludes with a discussion of how the characterizing relation between attitude reports and mental states might be construed. 1. The Traditional Debate Superman just is Clark Kent. So, Superman can fly just in case Clark Kent can. In other words, since ‘Superman’ and ‘Clark Kent’ refer to the same person, (1) is true iff (2) is: (1) Supe rman can fl y (2) Clark Ke nt can fly ‘Superman’ and ‘Clark Kent’ are said to be intersubstitutable in (1) and (2) salva veritate , i.e., without any change in the truth-value of the reports. A pr inciple of intersubstit utabili ty of co-referring ter ms can be for mula ted as follows: Intersubstitutability: if two terms refer to the same individual in a given linguistic environment (or context), then in that environment they are intersubstitutable salva veritate . 1 Intersubstitutability is compelling. It is motivated by semantic considerations of compositionality. In compositional semantics, the truth-value of an (uttered) sentence is determined by the reference (denotation, extension)

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8/8/2019 Attitude Reports

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