atoms & chemical bonding created in 2008 by tim f. rowbotham, modified in 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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Atoms&
Chemical Bonding
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011
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Element Cards• Follow the directions in the
following slides to complete this journal
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Element Cards (Part
#1)A.) Arrange the cards into
some sense of order according to their properties
B.) Look for patterns both up & down & sideways
C.) Answer questions 1-3 on the “Element Cards” Sheet
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Element Cards (Part 2)
A.) Organize your cards according to the periodic
table
B.) Answer questions 4-7 on the “Element Cards” Sheet.
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Element Cards
D.) Return your cards to the envelope
E.) Return the envelope to the front table
F.) Turn to page 1 of your Packet
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Atoms&
Chemical Bonding
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011
![Page 7: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NOTES
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Valence Electrons
• Electrons in the outermost energy level are known as valence electrons.
• Valence electrons are important because they are the only ones involved in chemical bonding.
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Valence Electrons
• Valence electrons can be gained, lost, or shared by atoms during chemical bonding.
• This desire for a certain amount of valence electrons is what causes chemical reactions.
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Valence Electrons• How many valence electrons in this atom?
• REMEMBER VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE
ONLY THOSE IN THE OUTER ENERGY
LEVEL
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 9
2. 7
3. 3
4. 2
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 88
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 88
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Return your remote
Complete p. 6-7 of your packet
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011
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Entrance Questions
Ready your remote
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 12
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 20
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How many valence electrons in this atom?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 38
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CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES
Turn to page 1 of your
CHEMICAL BONDING PACKET
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Rows on the Periodic Table
• Rows across the periodic table are known as periods.
• Elements in the same row have the same number of energy levels.
• This outer energy level is often referred to as the valence energy level or the valence shell.
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Families on the Periodic Table
• Elements in the same column of the periodic table are known as groups or families.
• Elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons.
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Families & Properties
• Since elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons, they behave very similarly in a chemical reaction.
• Therefore, atoms in the same family have very similar properties!!!
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Using the Periodic Table
• How to Determine the Number of Valence Electrons
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Learning Checks
• Ready your Remotes
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Columns on the periodic table are called
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Periods
2. Groups
3. Compounds
4. Bonding Reagents
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What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Same first letter
2. Similar properties
3. Same number of protons as neutrons
4. Discovered in the same year
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Rows on the periodic table are called
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Groups
2. Compounds
3. Periods
4. Bonding reagents
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What is the valence energy level of strontium (A# = 38) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 2nd
2. 3rd
3. 4th
4. 5th
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What is the valence energy level of Mercury (A# = 80) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 3rd
2. 4th
3. 5th
4. 6th
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How many valence electrons does bromine have(A# = 35) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 8
2. 7
3. 6
4. 4
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How many valence electrons does phosphorus have(A# = 15) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 8
2. 7
3. 6
4. 5
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What is the valence energy level of calcium (A# = 20) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1st
2. 2nd
3. 3rd
4. 4th
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How many valence electrons does calcium have(A# = 20) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
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Electron Dot Diagrams• Since only the valence electrons
are involved in chemical bonding, chemists have a quicker, easier way to represent atoms when showing bonding called an electron dot diagram.
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Electron Dot Diagrams• An electron dot diagram is
simply the chemical symbol of an element with 1 dot for every valence electron it has.
• This is also referred to as a Lewis dot structure.
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Sample Dot Diagrams
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Learning Checks
• Ready your Remotes
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Rows on the periodic table are called
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Groups
2. Compounds
3. Periods
4. Bonding reagents
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What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Same first letter
2. Similar properties
3. Same number of protons as neutrons
4. Discovered in the same year
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Using the Periodic Table
• Return Your Remote• Pick up & Complete Electron Dot
diagrams WS• Complete PACKET p.8 “Properties
of a Missing Element”
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Using the Periodic Table
• Valence Electrons, Lewis Dot Diagrams & Bohr Models
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Entrance Questions
• Ready your Remotes• Get out a periodic table
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Columns on the periodic table are called
0%
0%
96%
4% 1. Periods
2. Groups
3. Compounds
4. Bonding Reagents
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How many valence electrons does aluminum have(A# = 13) ?
0%
7%
90%
3% 1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
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What is the valence shell of aluminum (A# = 13) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1st
2. 2nd
3. 3rd
4. 4th
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How many valence electrons does phosphorus have(A# = 15) ?
0%
93%
3%
3% 1. 1
2. 3
3. 5
4. 7
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Columns on the periodic table are called
0%
7%
90%
3% 1. Periods
2. Families
3. Compounds
4. Bonding Reagents
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What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
0%
3%
97%
0% 1. Same first letter
2. Similar properties
3. Same number of protons as neutrons
4. Discovered in the same year
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How many valence electrons does chlorine have(A# = 17) ?
0%
0%
100%
0% 1. 8
2. 7
3. 6
4. 17
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Chlorine-37 would have how many neutrons? (A#17)
0%
76%
17%
7% 1. 7
2. 17
3. 20
4. 37
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How many valence electrons does phosphorus have (A# = 15) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 3
3. 5
4. 7
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Exit Questions
• Return your Remotes• Read Text pages 130-138 (Chapter 5.2)• Complete Periodic Table Brochure• Complete pages 8–10 of Chem Bonding Pack
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Entrance Questions
• Ready your Remotes• Get out a periodic table
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Oxygen-17 would have how many neutrons? (A#8)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 7
2. 17
3. 9
4. 8
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What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Same first letter
2. Similar properties
3. Same number of protons as neutrons
4. Discovered in the same year
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How many valence electrons does magnesium have (A# = 12) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 5
4. 12
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How many energy levels does magnesium have (A# = 12) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 12
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Entrance Questions• Return your Remotes• Turn in Periodic Table Brochure• Read Text pages 139-145 (Chapter 5.3)• 5.3 Representative Groups Reading Organizer
• Answer Assessment Questions 1-11• Complete pages 9–16 of Chem Bonding Pack• ADD- Valence Electrons, Valence Shells, and
Electron Dot Diagrams to the flip chart.
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Entrance Questions
• Ready your Remotes
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Which of the following elements has 6 valence electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Oxygen (A# 8)
2. Neon (A# 10)
3. Lithium (A# 3)
4. Carbon (A# 6)
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CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES
Turn to page 2 of your
CHEMICAL BONDING PACKET
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Stable Atoms• Chemically stable atoms have 8
valence electrons (Octet Rule) • (Atoms with only 1 energy level
can be stable with only 2 valence electrons)
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Which of the following elements is naturally chemically stable?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Oxygen
2. Neon
3. Lithium
4. Carbon
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Which of the following families have elements that are chemically stable?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Alkali metals
2. Alkaline earth metals
3. Halogens
4. Noble Gases
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Chemical Bonding• Atoms chemically bond or react
to become stable atoms.• They can do this by gaining,
losing, or sharing valence electrons.
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Nerdy electrons?
• Use the nerds on the Energy Level Diagrams to represent electrons in the energy levels of the neutral atoms in the slides that follow:
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Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine
(A#9)
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Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine – using the nerds to represent electrons, show the proper location of fluorine’s 9 electrons in its energy levels
![Page 72: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine
(A#9)
![Page 73: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine:
What change would make it
chemically stable?
![Page 74: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine:
Adding 1 more valence
electron would give it a stable
8 !!!
--
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Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine:
What effect does this have on the fluorine atom? --
![Page 76: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine:
NOW HAS A
CHARGE OF -1It is now chemically
stable!!!
--
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Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur
(A#16)
![Page 78: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur – using the nerds to represent electrons, show the proper location of sulfur’s 16 electrons in its energy levels
![Page 79: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur
(A#16)
![Page 80: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur:
What change would make it
chemically stable?
![Page 81: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur:
Adding 2 more valence electrons
would give it a chemically stable
8 !!!
--
--
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Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur:
What effect does this have on the fluorine atom?
--
--
![Page 83: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur:
IT NOW HAS A
CHARGE OF -2 It is now
chemically stable!!!
--
--
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Nerdy electrons?
Sodium
(A#11)
![Page 85: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium – using the nerds to represent electrons, show the proper location of sodium’s 11 electrons in its energy levels
![Page 86: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium
(A#11)
![Page 87: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
What change would make it
chemically stable?
![Page 88: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
Adding 7 more valence electrons
would give it a chemically stable
8 !!!
--
--
--
--
--
----
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Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
But… is there an easier way?
--
--
--
--
--
----
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Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
Take a look again. Is there a
different way to get 8 valence
electrons?
![Page 91: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
Losing 1 electron would leave 0 in the 3rd
energy level, making the 2nd energy level the valence shell… which
would now have a chemically stable 8!!!
![Page 92: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
NOW HAS A CHARGE OF
+1!!!
It is chemically stable.
![Page 93: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
• Other examples:
![Page 94: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
Magnesium (Construct if you have pink nerds)
Oxygen (Construct if you have purple nerds)
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Nerdy electrons?
• So… where do atoms pick up extra electrons?
![Page 96: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Nerdy electrons?
--
--
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Nerdy electrons?
• From other atoms that want to lose them!!!
![Page 98: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Ions• When an atom gains or loses
electrons to become stable, it is called an ion.
• An ion is a charged atom.
![Page 99: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Positive Ions• Atoms that lose electrons
become positively charged.• These positive ions are called
cations.
![Page 100: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Negative Ions• Atoms that gain electrons
become negatively charged.• Negative ions are called anions.
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Ionic Bonding• Atoms looking to be stable may
transfer electrons to other atoms.
• Each atom becomes charged, and positive ions are then attracted to negative ions.
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Ionic Compounds• The attraction of positive ions to
negative ions is called an ionic bond.
• Atoms that bond this way are called ionic compounds.
![Page 103: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Ionic Compounds• Here’s how it happens:
• Ionic Bond Video Clip 1• Ionic Bond Video Clip 2• Ionic Bond Video Clip 3
![Page 104: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Ionic Bonding
![Page 105: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Ready your Remotes
![Page 106: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Atoms that gain or lose electrons in order to become more chemically stable are
called
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Isotopes
2. Ions
3. Radioactive
4. Neutral
![Page 107: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
What would a chlorine atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 17)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 1 electron
2. Lose 1 electron
3. Gain 2 electrons
4. Lose 7 electrons
![Page 108: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
What would an iodine atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 53)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 1 electron
2. Lose 1 electron
3. Gain 2 electrons
4. Lose 7 electrons
![Page 109: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Return your Remote• Complete PACKET pages 17-18 Ionic Bonds
![Page 110: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Ready your Remotes
![Page 111: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
How many valence electrons does rubidium have(A# = 37) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 7
4. 37
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Stable atoms have how many valence electrons?
5%
5%
85%
5% 1. 1
2. 4
3. 8
4. 20
![Page 113: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
What would a rubidium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 37)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 1 electron
2. Lose 1 electron
3. Gain 2 electrons
4. Lose 3 electrons
![Page 114: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Return your Remotes
![Page 115: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Ready your Remotes
![Page 116: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Stable atoms have how many valence electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 4
3. 8
4. 20
![Page 117: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
How many valence electrons does potassium have(A# = 19) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 7
4. 19
![Page 118: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
What would a potassium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 19)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 1 electron
2. Lose 1 electron
3. Gain 2 electrons
4. Lose 3 electrons
![Page 119: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Atoms that gain or lose electrons in order to become more chemically stable are
called
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Isotopes
2. Ions
3. Radioactive
4. Neutral
![Page 120: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
JOURNAL#2
• Draw electron dot diagrams of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, &
Iodine
![Page 121: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Ready your Remotes
![Page 122: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
How many valence electrons does sulfur have(A# = 16) ?
0%
85%
15%
0% 1. 8
2. 7
3. 6
4. 4
![Page 123: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Stable atoms have how many valence electrons?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 4
3. 8
4. 20
![Page 124: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
What would a sulfur atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 16)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 2 electrons
2. Lose 2 electrons
3. Gain 3 electrons
4. Lose 3 electrons
![Page 125: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Oxidation Numbers
• Turn to page 3 of your packet
![Page 126: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Oxidation Number• The oxidation number is
essentially the bonding power of an atom.
• The oxidation number of an atom is the charge that it will tend to acquire when bonding.
![Page 127: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Oxidation Number• A positive oxidation number
means that an atom will lose electrons when forming an ionic bond.
• A negative oxidation number means that it will gain electrons.
![Page 128: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Sample Oxidation Numbers
• Chlorine: - 1• Sodium: +1• Calcium: +2• Sulfur: - 2• Aluminum: +3
![Page 129: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Video Clips
• Intro to Bonding (Ionic) 4:30• Valence electrons 2:46
![Page 130: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Ready your Remote
![Page 131: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
How many valence electrons does phosphorus have(A# = 15) ?
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 7
2. 6
3. 5
4. 4
![Page 132: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
What would a phosphorus atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 15)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 2 electrons
2. Lose 2 electrons
3. Gain 3 electrons
4. Lose 3 electrons
![Page 133: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
What is the oxidation number of phosphorus? (A# = 15)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. -1
3. -2
4. -3
![Page 134: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen? (A# = 7)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. -1
3. -2
4. -3
![Page 135: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
What is the oxidation number of chlorine? (A# = 17)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. -1
3. -2
4. -3
![Page 136: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
What is the oxidation number of magnesium? (A# = 12)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. +2
3. -2
4. -1
![Page 137: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Learning Checks
• Return your Remote• Complete the “Periodic Table Perspectives” sheet
![Page 138: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Video Clips
• Element Rap 3:00• The Noble Gas Song 3:28• The Noble Gas Rap 2:50
![Page 139: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Entrance Questions
• Ready your remote
![Page 140: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
How many valence electrons does an arsenic atom have? (A# = 33)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 1
2. 3
3. 5
4. 7
![Page 141: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
What is the oxidation number of arsenic? (A# = 33)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. +2
3. -3
4. -2
![Page 142: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
How many energy levels does an arsenic atom have? (A# = 33)
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. 5
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
![Page 143: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Changing An Atom
• RETURN YOUR REMOTE• Turn to page 19 of your packet &
complete it• Pick up a copy of the “Families of
the Periodic Table” worksheet
![Page 144: Atoms & Chemical Bonding Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham, Modified in 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949aead6/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Video Clips
• Families of the Periodic Table 14:42• Groups of Elements on the
Periodic Table 7:26
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Video Clips
• Alkali Metals in Water 2:22• Sodium & Potassium in Water 0:53• The Halogens 3:40
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Learning Checks
• Ready your Remote• Get ready to consult your
periodic table!!
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What is the oxidation number of strontium? (A# = 38)
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0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. +2
3. -1
4. -2
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What is the oxidation number of oxygen?
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0%
0%
0% 1. +1
2. +2
3. -1
4. -2
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What would a calcium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 20)
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0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 1 electron
2. Lose 1 electron
3. Lose 2 electrons
4. Gain 2 electrons
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In a chemical reaction, what would an oxygen atom do?
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0%
0%
0% 1. Gain 1 electron
2. Lose 1 electron
3. Gain 2 electrons
4. Lose 2 electrons
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Learning Checks
• Return your remote• Turn to page 20 of your PACKET
• Make sure you finish page 20 – 21
“Bonding Basics – Ionic Bonds”
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Covalent Bonding• When atoms share electrons to
become stable, it is called a covalent bond.
• Covalently bonded atoms are called molecules.
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Sample Molecule• Hydrogen Fluoride
Before After HF
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Sample Molecule• Ammonia
Before After NH3
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Sample Molecule• Oxygen (diatomic molecule)
Before After O2
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Polyatomic Ions• Polyatomic ions are covalently
bonded atoms that still hold a positive or negative charge.
• Sometimes called radicals, these molecules act as one and can form ionic compounds.
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Common Polyatomic Ions• Ammonium NH4
+1
• Acetate C2H3O2-1
• Hydroxide OH-1
• Nitrate NO3-1
• Carbonate CO3-2
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Law of Conservation of Matter
• The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
• Matter can just change from one form to another.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
• The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products of a chemical reaction.
• The number of atoms before a chemical reaction is the same as the number after a chemical reaction.
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Law of Conservation of Matter• REACTANTS PRODUCTS
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Law of Conservation of Matter• REACTANTS PRODUCTS
4 H 4 H
2 O 2 O
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION:
4 H2 + 2 O2 2 H2O
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Law of Conservation of Matter
• REACTANTS PRODUCTS
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Law of Conservation of Matter• REACTANTS PRODUCTSTOTAL ATOMS TOTAL ATOMS
2 H 2 H
2 Cl 2 Cl
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION:
H2 + Cl2 2 HCl
TOTAL MASS:
2 (1.0g) + 2 (35.5 g) = 2 (36.5 g)
73. 0 g = 73.0 g
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The Law of Conservation of Matter
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION: Na2SO4+ Ca Cl2 CaSO4+ 2 NaCl
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The Law of Conservation
of Matter
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27 grams of aluminum react with 24 grams of oxygen. What mass of aluminum oxide
forms?
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0%
0% 1. 27 grams
2. 24 grams
3. 25.5 grams
4. 51 grams
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What coefficient should go in front of the H2 to properly balance this equation?
2 H2O ? H2 + O2
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0%
0% 1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
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Law of Conservation of Matter
• Video 1• Homer & Conservation of Mass 2• Antoine Lavoisier's Discovery 3