at6602 - chassis component design
TRANSCRIPT
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8/17/2019 AT6602 - Chassis Component Design
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ui
,RAJALArcSnui
ENGII.,{EERING
coLLB
Gtr
DEPARTMENT
OF AUTOMBILE
ENGINBERTNG
AT
6
i" t
z-
AUToMorlvE
CHASSIS
coN{poNENTS
D
E
SIGN
,
Part
A
Unit
1
[. Differentiate
betrvcctt
horizontal
lozenging
ancl
lateral
bending
in
a
laddcr'chassis.
Horizorltal
lozenging
-
the
conditions
like
pot-holes,
road
joints,
surface
burnps
and
curbs
cause
thc chassis
Ii'ame
to
distort
to
a
parallelograur
shape.
Lateral
Bending
-
the
chassis
is exposed
to
lateral
side
force
that
nay
be
due
to
the camber
of
the
road,
side
lvind,
centrifugal
fbrce
rvhile
turning
a
comer,
or
collision
rvith
some
object.
2.
Mcntion
th-e
different
configurations
of
laminatcd
lcaf
spring
srrspcnsions.
Fully
elliptic,
three-quarler
elliptic,
half
or
senri
elliptic,
quafter
elliptic,
transvet'se
mounted
semi
elliptic
and
cantilever
mounted
serrri
elliptic.
Discuss
the
various
loads
acting
on
a chassis
frame
Vcrtical
bending
Longitudinal
torsion
Lateral
bending
Horizontal Iozenging
What
is
an energy-absorbing
frame
The modern
vechile
frames
are made
by constructing
the fi-ont-
and
reap
end
of
the
frame
in
a
manner so
that
it
cmmbles
in
a concertina
manner
during collision
and absorb
the
main
shock
of
the
irnpact.
What
are
the factors
considered
rvhile
designing
a
torsion
bar?
Torsion
bar
should
be
designed
under
maximum
dynamic
loacl
(bump
road) considerations
and
the
corresponding
allorvable
stress.
6.
What
are
the functions
of front
axle?
The
liont
axle caries
the rveight
of
the
front
part
of the autourobile
as
rvell
as
facilitates
steering
and
absorbs
shocks
due
to road
surface
variations.
rf^
\'\.
\-,
3.
4.
5.
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7.
What
types
of
scctions
a,
the
front
arle?
At the
centei
"
l"
section
the
ends
circular
or
oval ,-
load.
8.
Typcs of
support
in
the
:r
Sirnply
supported,
Cantil
supported.
9.
Name
the
different
sectir
a:
I-section
b.
section
e.
T-sec
10.List
the
function
of
vehic
.
Driving
thrust
or
dri
.
When
brake is
appli
.
For
practical
purpo
load.-
1.
Classify
the
various
axle-
E,lliot
type,
reverse
Elliot
rr
2.
What
is
thc
differenct.
Iubrication?
AIso
mentir,
axles.
Hydrodynamic
lubrication
separated
by the presSurr
lubrication.
Hydrostatic
lu
lubrication
in
rvhich
the
n
of
oil,
but
instead
of
bc
supplied
by
an
external
oii
3.
A
steering
gearbox
has a
Assumc
thc
driver
to
ex
rvheel 0.4m
diameter,
dc,
Refer
notes
on
lront
axle
r
provided
at
the
middle
and
at
the
ends
of
provided
to withstand
vertical
bending
and at
lss-section
is
providecl
to
withstand
torsional
.
f
+
omotive
frame
,er
bean,
.
Over
hanging
beam
and
Hinged
I'
t
irsed
in
the
vehicle
frame.
lhannel
section
c.
Circular
section
d. L
)n.
l,-
Iramc
F
ng
force
transmitted
to
the u.hcels
:
I
braking
torque
will
be
produced
i
pynamic
load
is
equal
to
2
times
of static
.
i
*
i
i
Unit
2
i
.i
ubs
employcd
in
automobiles.
re,
Lemoine
type
and
reverse
lemoine
type
between
hydrostatic
and
hydrodynamic
the
kind
of
lubrication
employed
in
dead
i
rs
said
to
exist when the moving
surfaces
are
rif a
continuous
unbroken
film
or
layer
of
'ication
is essentially
a
form
of
hydrodynamic
'tal
surfaces
are
separated
by
a
complete
film
g
self-generated,
the
separating
pressure
is
ump.
,ear
ratio
of
16:1
and
an
efficiency
of
g5%.
t a
force
of
60
N at
the
rim
of
the
steering
'mine
the
torque
at the
drop arm
shaft.
l
steering
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{.
What
are
the functions
of
front
axle?
The
fi'ont
axle
carries
the
weight
of
the
front part
oi
the
automobile
as
"l'e11
as facilitates
steering
and
absorbs
shocks
due
to
road
surface
variations.
5.
What
types
of
sectiotts
are
provided
at
the
middle
anrl
at the
ends
of
the
front
axle?
At
tho center "
I"
section
is provided
to
withstand
vertical
bending
and
at
the
ends
circular
or
oval cross-section
is
provided
to r,vithstand
torsional
load.
6. what
are
the
causes
of
steering
gcomctry
errors
rvith up
anrl
dorvn
rvheel
movement?
Toe-in-and.toe-out
and
canalrer'of
the
whecl
7.
Axial
forci
on
each
friction
surface is
1400
N,
mean
ratlius of
friction
lining
is
90
mm,
the co-efficient
of friction
is
0.3
and
the
number
of
pairs
of friction
surface
is 4.
Determine
the
torque
transmitted
through
this
clutch
Hint:
Use
tLe formula
T:
n
p
w
R to
find
the
torque
transniitted
by
the
clutch
8.
The
u'lteel
basc
of
a
vchicle is 2m
ancl
thd
distance
betrvecn
the
points
of
front
axlcs
is 1.3
m.
while
taking
a
turn,
the
outside
lock
makcs
an
angle
of
20o.
Determine the inside lock
angle
for
correct
steering.
Hint:
use the
formula cot
rp
-
cot 0
:9
b
9. In
which
section
of
the
front
axle,
torsional
and
bending
moments
are
predominant?
At centre
portion
of
front
axle,
bending
moment
is
predominant
at ends
of
the
front axle due
to
braking
of
the wheels.
l0.Give
the
type
sections
provided
at
the
middle
and
at the end of the
front
axle.
Front
axle is made of I-section
in
the
center
portion,
while
the
ends
are
made
either
circular
or elliptical.
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Unit
3
what
are
the
factors
to
be
considered
whire
design_ing
an
automoti'e
friction
clutch?
--E-----'
a.
selection
of proper
type
of
clutch
that
is
suitabre
for
given
apprication.
b'
Selection
of
suitable
material
at
the
contacting
surfaces.
c.
Designing
the
clutch
for
sufficient
torque
capacity.
d.
Engage,rent
and
discngagement
srrourd
u.
*irtrort
shock
or
jerk.
e'
Provision
for
carrying
arvay
the
heat
generated
at
the
rubbing
surfaces
with
an
cxar,pre
gi'e
any
hvo
materiar
p.op..ii..
for
designing
a
friction
clutch.
a.
The
two
materials
in
contact
must have
a
high c-refficient of friction.b'
The
materiars
in
contact
must
resist
*"ur.fi..ts,
such
as
s"oring,
galling,
and
ablation
c'
The
materiars
shourd
possess
good
thermarproperties,
high
heat
capaciry,
good
thermal
conductivity,
rvithsr*a
rrlgr,
iffiratures
Why
is cone
clutch
more
effective
flrat
plate
clutch
Simple
in
construction
More
area
of
tiictional
contact
.
4'
what
are the
types
of
ciutch
operating mec,anisms used
in
automobile?
Mechanical
-
Movcment
at
the
pedal
pad
is
transferred
through
an
operating
mechanism,
to
the
crutch
assembry
on
the
rear
of
trre
flywheel.
Hydraulic
-
The
pedar
acts
on
a
master
cylinder,
co,nected
by
a
hydrauric
pipe
and
flexible
hose,
to
a
slave
cylinder,
mounted
on
the
clutch
hou'bing.
5.
When
is
the
torque
capacity
of
the
clutch
greates.t?
At
minimum
or zero
srip, the torque capacity
of
the
crutcrr
is
greatest.
6.
List
out
the
various
components
of
a
clutch.
Driving
member
-
pressure
plate
assembly
and
fly
wheel
Driven
member
-
disc
or
prate
assembiy
and
the
clutch
shaft.
7'
Axiar
force
on
each
friction
surface
is
1400
N,
mean
radi,s
of
friction
Iining
is
90
mm,
the
co-efficient
of
friction
is
0.3
and
the
number
of
pairs
of
friction
surface
is
4.
Determine
the
torq,e
transmitted
through
this
clutch.
:ilXlrr.
rhe
formula
T:
n
p
W
R
to
find
the
torque
transmi*ed
by
rhe
l.
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8.
What
is
thc
purpose
of
transnrission
system
in
an automobilfl
Transmission
is the
mechanism
which is used to
tiansfer
the
power
developed
by
engine
to
the wheels
of an
automobile. The transmission
system
of
an
automobile
includes clutch,
gear
box,
propeller
shaft
axle
and
wheels,
etc.
The main function of
the transmission
is
to
provide
the
necessary variation
to
the
torque
applied
by
tlre
engine to
the wheels.
This
is
achieved
by
changing
the
gearing
ratio
between
the
engine and
the
drive
shaft.
9. What
is the
major factor
limiling
the
clutch capacity?
.
Clutch
temperature
is
the
rnajor factor
limiting
the clutch
capacitl,.
10.Why
is a
cone
cltch more cffcctive
than
plate
clutch?
In
cone
clutch
normaf
force
acting on
the contact
surfaces
is
larger
than
the axial
force
as
compared
to
single
plate
clutch in
u,hich the normal
force acting
on
the
contact.surfaces is equal
to the
axial
f,orce
Unit
4
1.
Mention
the
merits
and
limitations
of
gear.drives.
Mcrits:
o
No
chain
or
belt
to
break .
.
High
po\\rer
transmission
rvithin compact
space
Disadvantages:
o
Noisy
.
Cannot
transmit
power to longer
distance.
What
is
meant by
dynamic
and
static
tooth
loading in
gear
drives?
Holv
it
is
calculated?
Static
gear
loads
are
generated
by
statically
loading
the input
shaft
at the
specified
input
torque,
without
any
motion being
imparted
to the
gears.
Dynamic
load
occurs
when.
a
pair
of
teeth
is
just
coming
into
mesh.
What
are
the
possible
arrangements
to
achicve
12 speeds
from
a
gear
box?
Quick
change
gear
box
What
are
the
differcncc
betrveen
a constant
mesh
gear
box
and
sliding
mesh
gear
box?
In
sliding
mesh
gear
box,
the
individual
gear
ratio
is
chosen
by sliding
the
selected
gearwheel
axially
along
the splined
main output
shaft,
but in
constant mesh
gear
box,
the
gears on
the lay
shaft
and
the main shaft
are
(5/
)
4.
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W
5.
always
in
a
constant
mesh,
the
gear
ratio
clutch.
is
selected
by
engage
the
dog
Why
is
geomctric
progression
in
gcar ratios?
For
heavy
commercial
vehicres,
the
gear
ratios
are
usualry
arranged
in
geometric
progression.
The
basis
for
this
is
to
have
the
engine
operating
within
the
same
speed
range
in
each
gear.
This
r.l,ourd
ensure
that
in
each
gear,
the
operating
fuel economy
is
similar
When
is
maximum
vchicle
speed
attained?
The
maximum
vehicre
speeci
is
attained
when
the gear
is
set
in
top
and
the
throttle
is
held
fully
open.
7.
Compare
sFur
gear
and
hericar
gear
transmission
in
automcbire.
In
a
spur
gear
trre
teeth
are
straight-cut
and
the
edge
of the
teeth
isfarrlet
to
tlie
axis
of
rotation.
In
a
helical
gear
the
teeth
are
cut
at
an
angre
and
the edge
of
the
teeth
is
non parailel
to
the
axis
of
rotation.
Helical
gears
operate
quietry
compared
to
spur
gears.
Spur
gear
can
be used
onry
in
a
transmission
involving
parallel
orientgtion;
the
gears
can
be
meshecr
correctly
only
if'they
are perfectly
parallel
,o
.r"h
other.
A
h.li.;i;;;;
on
the
other
hand
can
be
mesrred
in parailel
or
cross
orientation.
8.
sketch
and
name
the
parts
of
a propeiler
srraft
in
heavy
road
trucks.
9'
At
rvhat
conditions
the
vehicre
attains
maximum
speed.
Maximum
road
speed
is
achieved
in
the gear
,rh.n
power
availabre
equals
to required power.
[0.Define
term
traction
and
tractive
effort
The
force
ava,abre
at
the
contact
between
the
rear
rvheer
tyres
and
road
is
knorvn
as
tractive
effort.
The
ability
of
the
rear
wheels
to
transmit
this
effort
without
slipping
is
knor.vn
as
traction.
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2.
3.
5.
Unit
5
1. Write
down
the
types
of
rear
axle
housing.
Semi
floating
axle
housin-q
Three-quarter
fl oating
axle
housing
Full
floating
axle housing
In
a single
plate
dry
clutch,
the
ratio
of rnean
raclius
to
ilre
facc
lvidth
is 4
and the
mean
radius
of the
friction
lining
is
110
mm.
determine
face
width
of
the
friction
lining.
Hint
:
use
the formula
R/
b
:
4.
Why
is
the
propcller
shaft
critical
speed
irnportant?
It is the
speed
at
rvhich
the
propcllcr
shaft
rotates
violently
lencling
to
failure
of the
propeller
shaft.
This
should,
be avoided.
The
length
of the
propeller shaft
govems
the
critical speed
of
the
propeller
shaft.
What
are
the typcs
of
stresses
expcrienced
by
semi-floating
axlc
shafts?
Driving
torque
as
r.vell
as
both
vertical
and
horizontal
loads.
Vertical
load
produces
shearing
force and
bending moment.
The
horizorrtal
force
due
to
tilting of
the
vehicle. cornering
centrifu-eal
fqrce
or
side r.vind
gives
rise
to
both side
thrust
and
a
bending
moment.
State the
formula
used to cornpute
critical speed
of
a
propeller
shaft.
Why it
is
so important?
Critical speedN"
:ry99
-
^W
Y
It
is important
to
calculate
the
critical
speed
because,
whirling
may
occur
at certain
critical
speed leading
to
failure
of
the
material.
So,
the
speed
of
operation
of
the
propeller
shaft should
be ahvays
lower
than the critical
speed.
6.
What
are
the types of
stress
expericnced
by semi-floating
axlc?
Driving
torque as
well
as both vertical
and
horizontal
loads.
Verlical
load
produces
shearing
force
and
bending
moment. The
horizontal
force
due
to
tilting
of
the
vehicle, cornering centrifugal force
or
side
wind
gives
rise
to
both
side
thrust
and a
bending
rnoment.
{fzi
\tJ
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7.
?.i
\,)
Give
the
expression
for
c,
Critical
specd
N.:
'
A
hatch
back
vehicle
engir
gear
ratio
is
3:1.
If
a prop.
used,
determine
the
insiri
assunring
a
safe
shear
strcs
Hint:
Use
formulas:
p:1
and
r:
ft
IR
9.
Functions of
final
drive
Changes
the
directio:
o
Bcvcl
gears
are
user
.
Pinion-
gear
with
less
.
Ring
gear-
gear
with
l0.Dcsign
criteria
of
shaft
cli:,
.
Full
floating
_
same
(,
o
Diamcter
is
uniformlr
o
Diameter
is
uniformlr
:ulating
critical
specd
of propellershaft.
ry-@G
develops
3OkW
at
1450
rpm
and
its
bottom
er
shaft
of
38
mm
outside
diameter
is
to
be
diameter
of
mild
steel
tube
to
be
used,
,f
56
x
103
kpa
for
the
mild
steel.
lI.
tw
)0'
;,
,ov/er
to
90
degrce
transmit
power
to
90
clegree
umber
of
teeth
rre
number
of
teeth.
rtitcr
.
.meter
taryrng,
more
in
wheel
side
I
,arying,
same
diameter
at
tooth
encl.
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Lont
il
udrhul Tortior*
t"
WhaYr
d,rb3onally OfPoxEl-
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,
t^r
t,*o
i
lurisfrA
r%
offo.lri[-c.
clr'rec
h'on ,\o
V^at
i
bolft
&l
.,lnar
anct
tfu
c\oss-
m.tmLrvt
avc
ggjojecfed
h
\ongiFudi'ral
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h
ol-r'.l,t"ovF,r
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Ch
a"u*r'r.
.
PartB r/(.?')
Unit
1
I
LJ"
1.
Calculate
the
maxintunt
bending
moment
and
maximurn
section
rnodulus
tbr
the
side
member
of
a
vehicle
frame
l-raving
channcl
section
anci
the
following
particulars
are
Wheel
base
:
180
cm,
Overall
length
=
360
cni,
Equal
overhang
on
either
side.
,270
kgf
acting
45
cnr
in
front
of
front
axle
,180
kgf
acting
45
crn
behind
front
axle,
180
kgf
acting
45
cm
in
front
of
rear
axle,
67.5
kgf
acting
45 cm
behind
the
rear
axle
In
addition,
there
is a
uniformly
distributed
load
of 1.75
kgf/cm
run
o\/er
entire
length
of
the
chassis.
Assume
dynamic
stress
is
twice
the
static
stress'
Solution:
Chassrs
0prvcxlinq
Condibions:.
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d*3,
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ir:.
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torsbr.
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8/17/2019 AT6602 - Chassis Component Design
10/14
i0t,
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lcnoron
an
t\
lo7nrg
ing'r.
3'
A
chassis
side member
is 4.gm
long
measurecr
from
the
position
of
the
front
axre,
the
wheer
base
is
3.6m
ancr
trre
rear
overhang
is
l.2rn.
The
frame
can
be
consicrered
as
a
beam
simprl,
supported
at
the
positions
of
2'
A
semi-ellipticar
raminated
spring
to
cany
a
load
of
300
kg
consists
of
7
leaves
and
6.5
cm
wide
and
2
orire
reaves
are
extending
fuil
length.
The
spring
is
to
be
t
I0
cm
in
rength
and
attached
to
the
axre
by
two
u
borts
g
cm
apart.
The
leaf
is
to
be
made
of
siricon_nanganese
steel.
Assume
the
allowabre
stress
on
fuil
rength
reaf
to
be
3500
kgflcm2.
Determine
the
thickness
of
the
leaf
if
the
diameter
of
the
eye
is
t]s
.r.
AIso
determine
the
radius
to
rvhich
the
leaf
to
be
initiaily
bent
assuming
modulus
of
lasticity
F,:2.1
*
106
kgf/cm2.
L6'loral
bendlng.
Lc,zenglng,
-
8/17/2019 AT6602 - Chassis Component Design
11/14
[
*or't*inq
r-romaflt
:
+
t,
k' ,At
c
: .'>
ht
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:
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:
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a':
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W
cr
R
:
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xQo/**615;x46
:
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W
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:
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F
:
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\2'35
-6zsnlte
+5tle"l
5xr]t
*l{ou'Ki'
la'
t
the front
arld
rear axles.
It carries
a
point
load
of lOkN
ancl
30kN
at 0.6m
'(lJ,
and
2.4
m respectively
from the
fiont
axle and
another
point
load
of
2kN
at
the rear
end.
Calculate the values
of
the reaction
at the
front
and
rear
axles.
So\lLtion
'.
Tor<
\n1
fflsroonr
RoF'l80
-
l1'5xzlo
-
lScO
x
l.?5
"-ltOCr4:s
+
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l
go
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11.
5
ialo
(
2: -'
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t6-?s
x
z)5
tle
oor'rar
+t
*q:o
r
4C
i a
'to{f
x45-
h
=
B"ltg'15N
)
\s
rr.r-,\/ld
.- - - i L-
R6
{'R,5,
=
;;'
*'*oo+lgc']o
haloo
1-t-t'5'r36c>
:,,
=)RB:
8t5
b-'rt_I-
g-r
^t"11'5'rlbo
Ra
1Rr*
:
k-I9
l-l€clo+l(oo
tzlo
:)RB
:
815
{"'xS
N
r-rw^.r'r'z*,.vzw
4.
A
leaf spring
has
an overall length
of
1.1
m
and
sustains a
load
of
70
kN
at
its
center.
The spring
has
3
lull
length
leaves
and
15
graduated
leaves
witlr
a center band of
100 mm
wide.
All the leaves
are
stressed
to
420
N/mm2. When
fully
loaded, the
ratio
of total
spring
depth to
r.vidth
is
2.
Determine
i.
Tliickness
and
rvidth
of
the leaf.
clboLr-t-
?,
dfilRr'o
x?]:
+l'1
.5 xQoxQr:
'tr't5Yzz5
Zz
-
8/17/2019 AT6602 - Chassis Component Design
12/14
4. Following
data are related
to
a cone
clutch:
Maximum
contact
surface radius
:
140
mm,
maximum
contact
surface
radius
:
125
mm, semi cone angle
:20
deg,
coefficient
of
friction
:0.25,
allowable normal
pressure
:
137.34
kpa.
E,stimate
the
axial
load and
power
transmitted
at
1000
rpnr
5.,
A
torque
of 350
Nm is transmitted
through
a
col1e
clutch
having
a
rlean
diarneter
of
300 mm
and
a
semi
cone
angle
of
15
deg.
The maximum
normal
pressure
at
the
mean radius
is
150
KN/m2.
The
coefficient
of
friction
is 0.3. Calculate
the
width
of the
contact
surface.
Also find the
axial force to
engage the
clutch.
The clutch
of a motor
car
has
to
transmit
73.6 kW
at
3600 rpm.
It
is
a
single
plate
type, both
sides being effective
friction
materiai
yields
a
coefficientof
friction
of
0.25
and
the
axialpressure
is
limited
to
83
kpa
of
plate
area.-If the
intemal
diametet
of theplate
is
to be75Yo
of,
the
external
diameter,
determine
the
minirrrum
dimensions
of
the clutch
plate.
(a)
An
autornobile is fitted
with a
single
plate
clutch
to
transmit
22.1kW
at
2100 rprn. The
total axial
load
on
the clutch plate
is
1422.5
N.
The
outside
diameter of
the friction
surface is
250
mqr'
both
the
sides
of
the
plates
are effective and the co-efficient
of friction
betlveen
the
contact
surfaces
is
0.35.
Assuming
uniform
'rate
of
wear
condition,
calculate
the
inner
diameter of
the friction
surface.
The
rotating
part
is
attached
to
drivenparts ofthe clutch are initially
at rest having
moment
ofinertia
of
20.7
N m'
.
Assrming the
acceleration
of
the machine
is uniform.
Calculate
the
time
lapse
before the
engine attains full
speed
of
2l00rpm
if the clutch
is
suddenly
engaged.
A single
plate
clutch, effective
on
both
sides,
is
required
to transmit
25
kW
at 3000 rpm.
Determine
the
outer
andinnerdiarletersoffriction
surface
if the coefficient of friction
is 0.255,
ratio
of
diameters
is 1.25
and
the
maximum
pressure
is
not
to
exceed
0.1
N/mm'
.
Find
out the
axial
thrust to be
provided
by
springs. Assume plate
rvear
unifonn
rvear
for
the
design.
A
multi disc clutch
is
to transmit
l0
kW
at
800
rpm. Thc ratio
of
inner radius
is andthe outerradius
is 1.75.
The
coefficient
of expected
friction
inside
oil
is
0.1.
Find the
inner
and
outer radius and axial
force
assuming uniform
intensity
of
pressure
of
0.15 N/mm2
rQ;;
Unit
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
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8/17/2019 AT6602 - Chassis Component Design
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8/17/2019 AT6602 - Chassis Component Design
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1.
teeth..
Determine
the suitable
number of
teeth
of
the
different
gears
and
f(B t
find
out
the
distance
between
the
main
and layshafts.
'
\--"
Unit
5
Sketch
the
arrangement
of a six
speed
gear
box.
The minirnum
and
maximum
speeds
required
are
around
460 and
1400 rpm. The
drive
speed
is
1440rpm.
Construct
speed diagram
of
the
gear
box
and
obtain
various
reduction
ratios.
Use
standard
output
speed
and
standard
step
ratio.
Calculate
number
of
teeth
on
each
gear.
An
automobile
engine
develops
28
kW
at 1500
rprn and its bottom
gear
ratio
is 3.06:
1.
If
a
propeller
shaft
of
40
mm outside
diameter
is
to
be
used,
determine
the
inside
diameter
of
the
shaft,
dssuming
a safe
shear
.stress
of
55 N/mm2.
If
the
length of
the
propeller
shaft
is L54m,
find
the
critical
speed
of the
shaft.
An
automobile
engine
develops
33.75
kW
at 1500 rpm
and
its
bottorn
gear
ratio
is
3.06:1.
If
a
propeller
shaft
of
40 mm outside
diarneter
is
to
be
usecl.
Determine
the
inner
diameter
of
the
shaft,
assuming
a
safe
shear
stress
of
56 N/mm2.
If
the
length
of
the
propeller
shaft
is
1.54
m,
find
the
critical
speed
of
the
shaft.
Also
ascertain
whether the
critical
speed
is
sufficient
to
avoid
whirling.
An
automobile
engine
develops
a
maximum
torque of
162
Nm.
The low
gear
ratio
of
transmission
is
2.75,
rvhile the back
axle
ratio
is 4.25.
The
effective
wheels
radius
is 0.325m
and
the
co-efficient
of
friction
betrveen
the
tyre
and
the
road
surface
is 0.6.
If the
permissible shear
stress
is
32373
X
104
Pa,
determine
the
maximum shaft
diameter
assutning
that
the
load
is
nearly
torsional.
What
is maximum
load
permissible on each
rvheel?
5.
A centrifugal
clutch
is
to
transmit
25.8
kW at
750 rprn
rvhen engaged
at
75
percent of
the
running
speed.
The inside
diarneter
is 0.36
m
and
the radial
distance
of
the center
of
gravity
of
each shoe
from
the
shaft
axis
is 0.15
m.
Assuming
Ir:0.3,
determine
the
necessary
u'eight
of
each
shoe,
length
and
breadth
of
the above
clutch.
2.
-1
.
4.