astm committee e50 on environmental assessment, risk ... meeting... · project planning...

© ASTM International

www.astm.org

ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment,

Risk Management and Corrective Action

ASTM E3163-18 Standard Guide for the Selection and

Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures

Used during Sediment Corrective Action

Jim Occhialini

Eileen Snyder

Alpha Analytical


Developed for ASTM Subcommittee E50.04 Performance Standards

Related to Environmental Regulatory Programs

3 Companion Documents

2

• ASTM E3164-18 - Standard Guide for Sediment Corrective Action – Monitoring (publ. Sept. 2018)

• ASTM WK51760 - Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action for Contaminated Sediment Sites -Risk Standard (in development, balloting mid 2019)


Workgroup Lead : Eileen Snyder Alpha Analytical

Section Leads / Principal Authors:

Jennifer Arblaster, Geosyntec Consultants

Kristin Searcy Bell, PhD, Ramboll

Michael Chanov, EA Engineering Science & Technology, Inc

Jeffery Johnson, PhD, Newfields

Dogus Meric, PhD, Geosyntec Consultants

Jim Occhialini, Alpha Analytical

Alyssa Offutt, Geosyntec Consultants

Rock Vitale, Environmental Standards Inc.

ASTM E3163-18

With help from:

Mary Christie, Pace

Shannon Dunn, Arcadis

Pat McIsaac, Eurofins


Thanks to:

Jennifer Arblaster, Geosyntec Consultants

Kristin Searcy Bell, Ramboll

Michael Chanov, EA

Jeffery Johnson, Newfields

Alyssa Offutt, Geosyntec Consultants

for use of slides

4

ASTM E3163-18 Overview


Develop recognized standard for sediment sites within ASTM standard of consensus / stakeholder engagement

Focus on key technical areas that will benefit from improved guidance

Provide a compendium of sediment analytical methods

Supplement existing guidance documents

5

Objective


Sediments are “Different”

•

•

Best practices for mitigation of

Types of measurements

challenging matrix

– Chemical, Physical & Biological

• Tool Box

–

–

–

–

–

–

Physical properties

Chemistry protocols

Passive sampling

Biological protocols

Forensics approach

Method development


Physical properties provide the basic information to assess many critical elements of a Sediment Conceptual Site Model.

These include such factors as:The depositional energy of the site.

The capability of the sediment to be eroded.

The mass of contamination within the sediment column.

The nature of the pore structure.

The movement of fluids within the sediment column.

Section 5: Physical Properties of Sediments

7

SPI image of Sediment

Profile


Physical properties describe the character of the sediment produced by the size, color, shape, and arrangement of the particles of which it is composed.

Macro-scale physical properties:Color

Laminations

Contacts

Micro-scale physical properties: Grain Size

Bulk Density

Water Content

Porosity

Hydraulic Conductivity

Atterberg Limits

Mineralogy

Physical Properties of Sediments

8

X-Ray Tomography

Illustrating Fine Sediment

Laminations


Many different methods are applied to characterize physical propertiesMajority of test methods are published by ASTMMethods from USEPA/USGS/API are also citedGrain size methods incorporate different techniques depending upon size of particlesBulk density is particularly important since chemical analyses are based on dry weight basis

Test Methods for Physical

Property Characterization

9

Common Physical Property

Test Methods


Section 6.0, Chemistry Analytical Methods

•

•

•

•

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

Project planning considerations

Selection / application of analytical methods

Trace organic compound analysis

Metals, inorganics & other analyses


Project Planning

Compilation of standard industry practice

Conceptual site model

Data quality objectives

Sampling & analytical plans

Quality assurance project plans


Trace Organic Compound Analysis

Section 6.4

• Parameters:

–

–

–

–

PCB aroclors, homologs & congeners

PAHs, hydrocarbons

OC pesticides

Dioxins & furans


Metals, Inorganics & Other Analysis

Section 6.5

•

•

•

•

Trace metals

Low level Hg & MeHg

AVS / SEM

TOC, black carbon


Quick Reference Guide for Sediment Chemistry Analytical

Method Selection (Appendix X4)

Sampling Reference Guide for Sediment Chemistry

Analytical Methods (Appendix X5)

Critical Success Factors for Sediment Chemistry

Analytical Programs (Appendix X6)

•

•

•

• Project Planning Guide for Sediment Chemistry Programs(Table 6-1)

Appendices: Section 6.0 Analytical Chemistry


Section 7: Passive Sampling

Provides:Direct measurement of freely dissolved chemicals (Cfree) to determine

bioavailability

Time-integrated concentrations

Can be used in situ or ex situ

Potential applications:To better understand contaminant bioavailability and associated risk

Inform design specifications of a remediation technology

Monitor efficacy of a remedy


The following should be considered when selecting passive sampler

material:

Durability

Required detection limits

Polymer-water partitioning

Sample fouling

Costs

Availability

Selection of Passive Sampler Material


In situ vs. ex situ deployment

In Situ Deployment Ex Situ Deployment

Advantages • Better represents true field

exposures

• Better demonstrates the

performance of in-place

remedies

• Less labor intensive

• Less expensive

• Control over environmental

variables

Disadvantages • Potential vandalism of

sampler

• Conditions may not reflect site-

specific conditions

• The selection of in situ or ex situ deployment should consider:

• Objectives of evaluation

• Logistical constraints

• Financial constraints


Section 8: Biological Testing

• Risk to biota often drives sediment investigation, remedial design, and remedial action

• Data produced informs on bioavailability, contaminant uptake, and quantifies or semi-quantifies the impact of contaminants on biota.

• Data has a variety of uses including: Inform/Refine Risk Assessment

Derivation of Clean-Up Levels

Exposure Modeling (Biota Sediment

Accumulation Factors)

Assessment of Remedial Efficacy

Evidence of Exposure

Site Investigations

Baseline Monitoring

Assessment of Potential for Effects

(Toxicity Reference Values)

Identify Applicability of Reference Sites

Identify Presence of Endangered or

Threatened Species

Line of Evidence for Existence of

Impact on a Community

Line of Evidence for Exposure

Pathways


Summary of Biological Test Methods

Native

Bio

ta T

issu

e C

he

mis

try

In s

itu

Bio

accu

mu

latio

n T

estin

g

Ex s

itu

Bio

accu

mu

latio

n T

estin

g

Ex s

itu

To

xic

ity T

estin

g

Com

mu

nity A

sse

ssm

ent

His

top

ath

olo

gy

Method

Tissue Chemistry Assessment ● ● ●

Direct Effects to Biota Assessment ● ● ●

In situ ● ● ● ●

Ex situ ● ● ●

Steady State Testing ● ● ●

Primary Species Class

Benthos ● ● ● ● ● ●

Fish ● ● ●

Wildlife ● ●

Vegetation ● ● ● ●

Microorganisms ● ●

Resident Biota ● ● ●

Laboratory Raised ● ● ● ●

Experimental Qualities

Strong Representativeness of Field Conditions ● ● ● ●

High Experimental Control ● ● ● ●

Known Contaminant Exposure ● ● ● ●

Ease of Collection of Sufficient Sample Mass ● ● ● ●

Recommended Testing of Reference Sites ● ● ● ● ●

Existence of Common Standard Operating Procedures for

Test Method● ●


Pro Con

Native Biota Tissue ChemistrySite-specific exposure and species represent site

conditions; species and sediment generally at

steady-state

High volume of tissue required for analysis;

difficult to collect; movement of organisms may

result in non-site-specific inputs to tissue

chemistry, therefore home ranges must be

considered

In situ Bioaccumulation TestingAllows for easier collection of adequate mass;

provides controls in organism exposure prior to

study

Larger and costly deployment mechanisms;

may not reach steady state and may not reflect

true exposures if organisms are not able to

move as they normally would

Ex situ Bioaccumulation Testing Controlled exposure; ease of collectionLaboratory exposure to site sediment may not

accurately reflect Site conditions; must account

for percent of steady state reached

Ex situ Toxicity TestingMeasures direct toxic effect to species; controlled

experiment, standardized tests

Ex situ exposure to site sediment may not

accurately reflect Site conditions (i.e.,

confounding factors must be considered)

Community AssessmentCharacterizes changes and potential impacts to

benthic community; can be more relevant that

single species toxicity testing

Requires reference conditions, does not directly

link sediment chemistry to community

conditions (confounding factors)

Histopathology Evaluates biomarkers with rapid detectionIntensive laboratory effort for multiple samples;

expensive

Pros and Cons of Biological Methods


Section 9.0 Environmental Forensics

Analytical Methods

•

•

•

9.1

9.2

9.3

Overview of methods and

Test method selection

approaches

Overview of data analysis methods

13


Physical properties

– Particle size

Forensic Lines of Evidence

•

• reflects the depositional energy of the environment

– Mineralogy

• reflects changes in the upland or upstream sediment influx

Radioisotopic approaches, sediment core profiles•137Cs 210– & Pb

• Long term sediment deposition rates / ages of sediment layers

– 7Be

• Near surface sediment qualitative info on recent depositional history


Hydrocarbons tiered approach•

–

–

Tier 1

Tier 2

Total Hydrocarbon Characterization (Method 8015 mod)

Volatile Hydrocarbons (Method 8260 mod)

• PIANO

– Tier 3 Semi-volatile Hydrocarbons (Method 8270 mod)

• Parent & alkylated PAHs

– Tier 4 Geochemical biomarker profiles

• e.g. steranes, terpanes, hopanes, etc.

Methods for Forensic Applications


Other qualitative evaluations•

– "signature" compounds / congeners

PCBs

– Congener specific analysis

Dioxins / furans

– 2,3,7,8 X typically analyzed for, you

Stable isotope analysis - CSIA

can serve as source differentiators

•

•

may want to look further

•

– Additional line of evidence to distinguish between sources

Methods for Forensic Applications

Organic Compounds


• Applicable where no published methods exist…– or where major method

modifications are needed to meet study objectives

• Complex & costly process

• Timeframe

Section 10.0 Analytical Method Development


Why is data is being collected?

– What questions are being asked?

•

• Planning component will go beyond Section 6

•

•

•

•

•

Sample matrix, volume requirements / restrictions

DQOs

Method validation

Regulatory acceptance concerns

Timelines

Method Development Considerations


Standards terminology creates a common language

Consolidates practices and methods used in sediment monitoring guidance documents

Allows for flexibility based upon site conditions

Government regulators cite standards in laws, regulations and codes

Creates consensus to improve performance of monitoring

Provides consistency to reduce uncertainty

•

•

•

•

•

•

How Can You Benefit from Using the

Sediment Analytical Methods Guide?


Thank you!

Questions?

Jim Occhialini

[email protected]

Eileen Snyder

[email protected]

28

ASTM E3163-18 Overview