asthma (pp report)

8/2/2019 Asthma (Pp Report)

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ASTHMA

Reported by:Rochelle L. Ricafrente

OfBSN3-2

September 25, 2010


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Definition

Reversible

inflammation

lung condition

due to hypersensitivity

leading to narrowingof smaller airway.


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EPIDEMiOLOGY

- 2009

300 million with asthma

worldwide250 000 died

-


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TYPES OF ASTHMA

Mixed asthmaIntrinsincAsthmaExtrinsincAsthma

- It is acombination

of extrinsincasthma andintrinsinc

asthma

--It cause byanything

exceptallergen

Causes:

Hereditary,drugs, foods,physical and

emotional

stress

-Atropic/Allergi

c Asthma

Causes:

dust, gases,

smoke,dander, lints


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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

1. Cough- non productive to productive

2. dyspnea

3. Wheezes

4. Restlessness

5. Hypoxemia

6. Cyanosis

7. Tachycardia

8. Diaphoresis


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INVASIVE ANDNON-INVASIVE

DIAGNOSTIC TEST


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SPIROMETRY

To measure the

airflowobstruction by

getting the ratio

of FEV1/FVC.


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ATRIAL BLOOD GAS

To measure the PH andthe level of O2 and CO2

and also to check howlong the O2 are able tomove going to the blood

and removing CO2 fromthe blood.


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PEAK EXPIROMETRY FLOW RATE

To measure how

past a person canbreath out the air


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DescriptionReadingZone

Indicates

asthma isunder control

71 to 100% of

the usual ornormal peak

flow readingsare clear.

Green

respiratory

areairwaysnarrowing and

additionalmedication

may berequired.

50 to 70 %of

the usual ornormal peak

flow readings

Yellow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airways


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ndicates a

medical

.emergencyairwaySevere

narrowing may

be occurring and

immediate action

needs to be

taken. This would

usually involve

contacting a

doctor or

hospital.

Less than 50

%of the usualor normal

peak flow

readings

Red
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_emergencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_emergencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_emergencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_emergency


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DRUGS


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BETA- ADRENERGIC AGONIST

(BRONCHODILAT0r)

QUICK RELIEF

a. Albuterol (Proventil)

b. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)c. Pibuterol (Maxair)

d. Metaprolerol Sulphate (Alupent)

LONG TERM RELIEF

a. Theophyline ( theo-dur)


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LONG relief MEDICATION

CORTECOSTEROIDS

a. Cromolyn Na (Intal)

b. Nedocromol (Tilade)

LEUCOTRIENE RECEPTOR

ANTAGONIST

a. Zafirlucast (Accolate)


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NURSING MANAGEMENT

a. Complete bed rest to preserveenergy.b. Semi fowler for the lung expantion.

c. Inc. OFI to liquify the mucus and easyto expelled by coughing.

d. Nebulizer to liquify the mucus and

easy to loosen the mucus.e. suction if needed.


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NURSING DIAGNOSIS

1. Ineffective airway clearance related toincrease mucus production as manifestedby wheezing, difficulty of breathing

2. Impaired gas exchange r/t altered deliveryof oxygen as evidenced by restlessness

3. Ineffective breathing pattern related toobstruction of airway as manifested bytachycardia, difficulty of breathing


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CHRONIC

BRONCHITIS


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DEFINITION

BRONCHITIS

called BLUE BLOATERS

inflammation of bronchus

due to hypertrophy or

hyperplasia of goblet

mucus producing cells

leading to narrowing of

smaller airways.


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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

1. Productive cough

2. Dyspnea

3. Rhonchi

4. Hypoxemia

5. Cyanosis

6. Prolonged expiration grunt

7. Pulmonary HPN


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DIAGNOSTIC TEST

SPIROMETRY

To measure the

airflowobstruction by

getting the ratio

of FEV1/FVC.


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PEAK EXPIROMETRY FLOW RATE

To measure howpast a person can

breath out the air


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ATRIAL BLOOD GAS

To measure the PH andthe level of O2 and CO2and also to check howlong the O2 are able tomove going to the blood

and removing CO2 fromthe blood.


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DRUGS

Meter Dose Inhaler

a. Beta2 agonist

b. Corticosteroids

c. Anticholinergic


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Breath Actuated MDIa. Beta Agonist

Dry Powder Inhaler

a. Beta2 agonistb. Corticosteroids

c. Anticholinergic


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Nebulizer

a. Beta2 agonist

b. Corticosteroids

c. Anticholinergic


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NSG. MGT

a. Complete bed rest to preserveenergy.b. Semi fowler for the lung expantion.

c. Inc. OFI to liquify the mucus and easyto expelled by coughing.

d. Nebulizer to liquify the mucus andeasy to loosen the mucus.

e. suction if needed.


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NURSING MANAGEMENT

1. Ineffective airway clearance related to bronchialinflammation as manifested by rhonchi, difficultyof breathing2. Impaired gas exchange r/t altered delivery of

oxygen as evidenced by inability to movesecretion3. Ineffective breathing pattern related toobstruction of airway as manifested by

tachycardia, difficulty of breathing4. Nutritional Imbalance r/t fatigue as manifestedby weight loss.

asthma (pp report)

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